Abraham Lincoln

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Is it a summary on US President Abraham Lincoln. Hope it will help to gather a little extra to know about this great personality.

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Why did Abraham Lincoln say that?
Our human nature is always learning new things. At the twenty first century we innovate and also
learn different things. But we did not forget the 1st memories when we learnt from it. Same way if we
thing about our country then we must go back to 1971 or 1952. We achieved our independence on 1971.
But why should we make a line or connection with 1952. It is the 1st foot step for the achieving of 1971’s
independence. That means every evolution must have a revolutionary story. In 2013, The People’s
Republic of Bangladesh stands in a position where we do not know the future. As well as we do not know
the “The People’s Republic” title should be consider or not. This is the stand where everybody is thinking
and wants to find a new path. But before that path we need to know some history of our rights.
Let back to the First Constitution of the word. It is not possible for us to find the First one.
Because according to the religions we can find constitutional format at different times and different ways.
But we can say that, after the human race was learnt the civilization they innovated different type of trade.
For doing these trades they used some logics which could be
considered as basic requirement of trade. These logics can be the
way to developing constitution. By the progress of the
civilization the human being needed laws and constitution. The
first official constitution developed at 1776. The Pennsylvania
Constitution of 1776 (ratified September 28, 1776) was the
state's

first

constitution

following

the

Declaration

of

Independence, and has been described as the most democratic in
America. It was drafted by Robert Whitehill, Timothy Matlack,
Dr. Thomas Young, George Bryan, James Cannon, and
Benjamin Franklin. Pennsylvania's innovative and highly
democratic government structure, featuring a unicameral
legislature, may have influenced the later French Republic's
formation under the French Constitution of 1793.

The Pennsylvania Constitution

The 1776 Constitution contained seven of the six points of the United Kingdom’s People’s
Charter, over 50 years before that document was written. Some of the radical innovations included: a)
Voting franchise for all men who had paid taxes, but without property qualifications. b) A unicameral
legislature, with members elected for one term. c) A twelve-member Supreme Executive Council to
administer the government. d) A judiciary appointed by the legislature for seven-year terms, and
removable at any time. e) The provisions that all approved legislation wait to be enacted until the next

session of the Assembly, so that the people of the state could assess the utility of the proposed law. f) A
President elected by the Assembly and Council together. Thomas Wharton Jr. was chosen in 1777 to be
the first President of Supreme Executive Council. g) A Council of Censors (elected every seven years) to
conduct an evaluation of the activities. They could "censure" actions by the government deemed to have
violated the constitution. The Council of Censors was the only body with the authority to call a
convention to amend the constitution.
If we consider the first point, we can find that it mentioned the rights of the people. It was
develop at 1776. That reflects the right of human always comes first at any time. On other hand in
Bangladesh at 2013, the majority people have to right to provide the vote for forming the new parliament
of our country. Why do not we find the solution from our constitution? What is our constitution says?
The Constitution of Bangladesh is the supreme law of Bangladesh. It declares Bangladesh as a
mature democratic republic. Also it declares the fundamental rights and freedoms of Bangladeshi citizens,
spells out the fundamental principles of state policy, and establishes the structure and functions of the
executive, legislative and judicial branches of the republic. Bangladesh started its journey with
Parliamentary System of Government. After that it switched over to Presidential System for the few
years. Later in 1991 go back to the old ways back to Parliamentary system.
According to Article 65 of the Constitution there is a Parliament (known as Jatio Sangsad) in
which, subject to the provisions of the Constitution, the legislative powers of the Republic are vested.
Parliament consists of three hundred members elected in accordance with law from single-member
territorial constituencies. Besides this there was a provision for thirty seats reserved exclusively for
women members. Parliament has tenure of 5 years unless dissolved sooner. According to Article 123 (3)
The general election of members of Parliament is held within ninety
days after Parliament is dissolved, whether by reason of the
expiration of its term or otherwise than by reason of such expiration.
According to Article 121 there shall be one electoral roll for
each Constituency for the purposes of election to Parliament. And
also no special electoral rolls shall be prepared so as to classify
electors according to religion, race, caste or sex. According to
Article 122 the elections to Parliament shall be on the basis of adult permission. A person shall be entitled
to be enrolled as elector on the electoral roll for a constituency delimited the purpose of election to
Parliament, if he/she (a) is a citizen of Bangladesh; (b) is not less than eighteen years of age; (c) does not

stand declared by a competent court to be of unsound mind; and (d) is or is deemed by law to be a
resident of that constituency.
With the objective of ensuring free, fair and impartial general elections to Parliament, the
Thirteenth Amendment Act, 1996 of the Constitution was made on 28th March, 1996 to provide for a
Non-party Care-Taker Government, operative from the date on which the Chief Adviser of such
Government enters upon office after Parliament is dissolved or stands dissolved by reason of expiration of
its term till the date on which a new Prime Minister enters upon office after the general elections to the
Parliament. The Care-Taker Government is collectively responsible to the President. The executive power
of the Republic during this period, subject to the provisions of Article 58D(1) of the Constitution
(discharging functions as an interim government and carrying on routine functions), vests in the Chief
Adviser. The Non-Party Care-taker Government consists of the Chief Adviser at its head and not more
than ten other Advisers, all of whom are to be appointed by the President. The Chief Adviser is required
to be appointed, in the manner stipulated in Article 58C of the Constitution, from among the two last
retired Chief Justices or from the two last retired judges of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court
or from eminent citizens qualified to be an Adviser after consultation with major political parties. An
Adviser is required to be a person qualified for election as an MP, not to be a member of any political
party or of any organization associated with any political party, not be a candidate for the ensuing
Parliamentary election and not over seventy two years of age. The Care-taker Governmental primary
responsibility is to render to the Election Commission all possible aid/assistance that may be required for
holding the general election of members of Parliament peacefully, fairly and impartially. The concept of
Care-taker Government is a constitutional device to enable the holding of general parliamentary elections
in a fair and impartial manner, free of any party influences on the Government machinery.
From all of these we can find that the majority voters of Bangladesh lost their vote given ability.
This is a very questionable situation. Not only Bangladeshis will lose their rights but also they are losing
their freedom of expression. If anyone does not have the ability to express independently then the
situation will not be favorable for the government. As well as opposition political parties will find a
platform to create a massive attach to the government at these issues. The people of Bangladesh do not
want any crisis at regular life style. Moreover the economies of Bangladesh will be more threatened for
these issues. If we consider any other country except Bangladesh we will find that particular country
cannot run their economy these much successful as Bangladesh is performing currently. Therefore at the
end of everything we need to find out are those majorities cheerful of accepting for non-voting winning
members? Therefore, we need a declaration from Supreme Court that “Are these non-voting winning
accepted?” If yes then there will be no issue to debate about it. If no then Supreme Court will suggest

something. Because we at Article 7 (1) All powers in the republic belong to the people, and their exercise
on behalf of the people shall be effected only under, and by the authority of, this Constitution. Article 7
(2) This Constitution is, as the solemn expression of will of the people, the supreme law of the Republic,
and if any other law is inconsistent with this Constitution that other law shall, to the extent of the
inconsistency be void.
At the end we can find that, the great leader from the history Mr. Abraham Lincoln said,

“Government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish
from the Earth.”

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