Actual Medical Management

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ACTUAL MEDICAL MANAGEMENT MEDICATIONS • Antipsychotic medications such as Haloperidol are prescribed to clients with psychotic disorders. Levomepromazine which is also an antipsychotic drug and when used in psychiatry its desirable effect is to reduce psychomotor activity. Fluphenazine which is an antipsychotic drug used for the management of manifestations of psychotic disorders. • Haloperidol: 5mg ½ tab HS • Levomepromazine: 100mg ¼ tab HS • Fluphenazine: 1cc IM 30 days PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALIZATION • Individuals who are suffering from a psychotic disorder usually require immediate hospitalization to stabilize them on an antipsychotic medication. The presence of adequate family or social support will often shorten the length of this hospitalization, or permit the psychotic patient to be treated solely in an out patient basis. MUSIC THERAPY • Music therapy is an interpersonal process in which the therapist uses music and all its facets physical, emotional, mental, social, aesthetic and spiritual to help clients to improve or maintain their health. In some instances, the client’s needs are addressed directly through music: in others they are addressed through the relationships between the client and the therapist. • Music therapy is used with individuals of all ages and with a variety of conditions, including psychiatric disorders, medical problems, physical handicaps, sensory impairments, developmental disabilities, substance abuse, communication disorders, interpersonal problems, and aging. It is also used to improve learning, build self esteem, reduce stress, support

physical exercise, and facilitate a host of other health- related activities. • Music therapy sessions are designed with several factors in mind. First and foremost, the therapist has to select the types of music experience to be used according to the goals of therapy and the needs of the client. Each of the music experiences requires something different from the client and has a potentially different effect. ART THERAPY
• Is a form of expressive therapy that uses art materials, such as

paints, chalk and markers. Art therapy combines traditional psychotherapeutic theories and techniques with an understanding of the psychological aspects of the creative process, especially the affective properties of the different art materials. • The purpose of art therapy is much the same as in any other psychotherapeutic modality: to improve or maintain mental health and emotional well-being. But whereas some of the other expressive therapies utilize the performing arts for expressive purposes, art therapy generally utilizes drawing, painting, sculpture, photography, and other forms of visual art expression. For that reason art therapists are trained to recognize the nonverbal symbols and metaphors that are communicated within the creative process, symbols and metaphors which might be difficult to express in words or in other modalities. By helping their clients to discover what underlying thoughts and feelings are being communicated in the artwork and what it means to them, it is hoped that clients will not only gain insight and judgment, but perhaps develop a better understanding of themselves and the way they relate to the people around them. Art making is seen as an opportunity to express oneself imaginatively, authentically, and spontaneously, an experience that, over time, can lead to personal fulfillment, emotionally reparation, and transformation. This view also holds that the creative process, in and of itself, can be a health-enhancing and growth-producing experience. PLAY THERAPY • Play therapy was originally conceived as a tool for providing psychotherapy to young people coping with trauma, anxiety and mental illness. In that context, play becomes a way for the patient to act out their feelings and find coping mechanisms. Play therapy is a type of mental health, educational or developmental

intervention that is designed to help patient grow up as happy and well- adjusted as possible. It involves the use of play to communicate with patient and to help them learn to solve problems and change their negative behaviours. Sometimes it involves the entire family. DANCE THERAPY • Dance therapy is founded on the premise that the body and the mind are an interrelated continuum, that the state of the body may affect mental and emotional wellbeing in manifold ways. In contrast to artistic dance, which is usually concerned with the aesthetic appearance of movement, dance therapy explores the nature of all movement. Through observing, and altering the kinaesthetic movements of a client, dance movement therapists diagnose and help solve various psychological problems. OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
• Incorporates meaningful and purposeful occupation to enable

people with limitations or impairments to participate in everyday life. Occupational therapists work with individuals, families, groups and populations to facilitate health and well-being through engagement or re-engagement in occupation. Occupational therapists are becoming increasingly involved in addressing the impact of social and environmental factors that contribute to exclusion and occupational deprivation. • Activity synthesis or occupational synthesis is the core of occupational therapy practice; occupational therapists, in collaboration with clients, design occupational forms to produce a therapeutic occupation or activity that is meaningful and purposeful to the client. The therapeutic activity or occupation may be used to assess the client’s occupational needs or to achieve a therapeutic goal. The component parts of an activity or occupation are matched with the required occupational performance outcomes. For example, the muscle movements elicited by pottery may address fine motor and gross motor skills to improve shoulder flexion and extension, range of movement and elbow extension and flexion. • Other therapeutic activities or occupations may include cookery activities, such as making a smoothie or a healthy soup. The components of this activity such as planning and following a recipe may address cognitive components of occupational performance such as problem solving, sequencing and learning. Health may be

promoted through this occupation, enabling clients to consider healthy eating issues. Occupational therapists may further use therapeutic activities or occupations to assess occupational performance.

RELAXATION THERAPY
• Help treat chronic pain and insomnia. Many people also use them

to lower stress and anxiety. The methods can be deep or brief. Deep methods include autogenic training, meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation. Brief methods include paced respiration and self-control relaxation. • The brief meditations require much less time and skill. These are often shorter forms of a deep method. Self-control meditation is a shortened form of progressive muscle relaxation. In paced respiration, the person breathes slowly and deliberately. In deep breathing, the person takes a deep breath, holds it for 3 to 5 seconds, then slowly releases it. This sequence is repeated several times. Brief methods are often used when the person faces anxiety or stress. • Relaxation therapy has been studied quite a bit for the relief of chronic pain and insomnia. Pain and insomnia affect millions of Americans every day. Relaxation therapy can help a person deal with these conditions without medication or surgery. Relaxation therapies are taught at many hospitals and in the community. They also can be learned from books, audiotapes, and videotapes. They are not difficult to learn, and cost very little. They have no known side effects.

RECREATIONAL THERAPY • Recreational therapy restores, premeditate or rehabilitate in order to improve functioning and independence as well as reduce or eliminate the effects of illness or disability. The primary purposes of recreational service are to provide recreation, resources and opportunities in order to improve health and wellbeing. The purpose of recreational therapy is to improve cognitive, physical and social skills through recreation and leisure activities. It enables the patient resume their previous lifestyles through community outings and one on one leisure education sessions.

MILIEU THERAPY • It is a therapeutic effort, which is related to the teams’ abilities to communicate and work together. The staff must feel free to talk to clients, families and events and even their own feelings to prevent a build-up of anger and frustrations. Clients are encouraged to share internal experience allowing nurses to divert one’s attention with music, games, and one on one interaction.

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