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No Longer a Teen: Development
in Young Adulthood
Human Growth and Development

Copyright
Copyright and Terms of Service
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. These materials are copyrighted © and
trademarked ™ as the property of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and may not be
reproduced without the express written permission of TEA, except under the following
conditions:
1) Texas public school districts, charter schools, and Education Service Centers may
reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts’ and
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Contact TEA Copyrights with any questions you may have.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

2

Theories of Biological and
Cognitive Development

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3

Theories of Development


Piaget
◦ Four stages of cognitive development
◦ Formal operations – involves the ability to think
abstractly



Perry
◦ Intellectual and ethical development
◦ Dualism – things are right or wrong
◦ Relativism – recognizing the ambiguities of life;
problems may have more than one solution



Havighurst
◦ Developmental tasks of early adulthood
4

Cognitive and Ethical Development

Formal operations
 Dualism
 Relativism
 Commitment


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5

Biological Development


In early adulthood, physical development
finally begins to slow down
◦ Females reach their full height at about age 18
◦ Males reach their full height at about age 20



Lifestyle has an impact
◦ Drinking, smoking, over-eating and lack of
exercise can impact the biological processes

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6

Smoking, Alcohol and
Drugs
 Annual Deaths Attributable to
Cigarette Smoking—United States,
2000–2004

Image: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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7

Smoking, Alcohol and
Drugs
The effects of lung cancer on families

Cancer in the Family
(click on link)

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8

Smoking, Alcohol and
Drugs


Alcohol is the most widely abused
psychoactive drug (acts on the nervous
system to alter states of consciousness,
modify perceptions and change moods)



The body can develop a tolerance, requiring
more to reach the same high



Alcohol is the third leading cause of
lifestyle-related deaths in the United States
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

9

Smoking, Alcohol and
Drugs
Take a survey on high-risk drinking behaviors:
Re-thinking Drinking
(click on link)

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10

Smoking, alcohol, drugs
Drug use is highest among people in
their late teens and twenties.
In 2011, 23.8 percent of 18- to 20-year-olds
reported using an illicit drug in the past
month.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

11

Smoking, Alcohol and
Drugs

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12

Food Behaviors


Our culture emphasizes
◦ Food
◦ Exercise
◦ Body shape

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13

Food
Behaviors
Eating Disorders Prevention
(click on link)

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14

Developmental Tasks of Young
Adulthood (Havighurst)

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15

Maturational Theory
Havighurs
-Selecting a mate t
-Learning to live
with a marriage
partner
-Starting a family
-Rearing children
-Managing a
home

-Getting started

in an occupation
-Taking on civic
responsibility
-Finding a
congenial social
group

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16

Selecting a Mate
Historical events
 Race and ethnicity
 Social class
 Religion
 Region and urban/rural decisions
 Age expectation


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17

Why Marry?

Marriage has long been linked to
life satisfaction and longer,
healthier lives.

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18

Selecting a Mate
Make a decision knowledgeably
 Acknowledge social pressures and factors
 Acknowledge cultural pressures and factors
 Acknowledge family influences


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19

Learning to Live with a Marriage Partner

Caring and
acceptance
 Commitment to
sharing
 Not martyring
 Not manipulating


Accepting
emotional
interdependence
 Acknowledging
uniqueness of
partner


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20

Starting a Family


What does this involve?



What does this cost?
Cost of Raising a Child Calculator
(click on link)

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21

Rearing Children


Other resources include:
◦ Time
◦ Energy
◦ Abstract resources, such as family help, social
outlets or community support

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22

Managing a Home







Own or rent
House or apartment
Geographic location
Paying bills
Managing repairs or needs
Other considerations

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23

Starting a Career
What does this require?







Level of education
Experience
Willingness to relocate
Salary conditions
Degree of interest to you
Hours of work per week

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

24

Taking on Civic Responsibility







Church or other faith-based involvement
Working with schools
Running for public office
Being a part of civic clubs, such as Lions or
Rotary
Involvement with youth groups, such as Boy
Scouts or YWCA
Volunteering for social service agencies,
such as Meals on Wheels

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

25

Societal and Cultural
Influences

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26

What Will Influence You?


How will your family of origin home
influence what your own home will be?
◦ Parenting styles
◦ Economics and money management
◦ Work ethic

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

27

Finding a Congenial Social Group
Close friendships are vital to psychological
health and well-being.
 Single young adults report more friendships,
including cross-gender friendships, than
adults at any other stage.
 Perceived similar values are important to
strong friendships.


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28

Social Media
Facebook
 Twitter
 Instagram
 Pinterest
 MySpace
 Others


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29

Egalitarian Relationship with
Parents
Being self-supporting
 Becoming autonomous
 Moving out
 Receiving and providing emotional support


Eq
ua

lity

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30

Failure to Launch


Adult children who do not move on to live
their own lives outside of the home and
scope of their parents.

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31

Exciting Time of Life!
The transition to early adulthood is a very
exciting time of life. A little thought and
preparation will make it smooth and
rewarding.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

32

Questions?

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33

References and Resources
Images:


Microsoft Clip Art: Used with permission from Microsoft.

Journals:


Goodwin, P., Mosher, W., Chandra, A. (2010) Marriage and cohabitation in the United States: A statistical portrait
based on Cycle 6 (2002) of the National Survey of Family Growth. Center for Disease Control. National Center for
Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 23(28). 2010.



Larson, J. (2010). Attachment Style and Values in Young Adult Friendships. Honors Thesis. 
Permanent URL – http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/7t42k

Textbooks:


Dacey, J., Travers, J., and Fiore, J. (2009). Human development across the lifespan. (7th ed.). Columbus, Ohio:
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.



Gallahue, D., Ozmun, J., and Goodway, J. (2012). Understanding motor development: infants, children,
adolescents and adults. Columbus, Ohio: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.



Lamanna, M. and Riedmann, A. (1994). Marriages and families: making choices and facing change. (5th ed.).
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.



Papilla, D., Olds, S., and Feldman, R. (2006). Human development. (10th ed.) Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill
Publishing.



Perry, W. (1968). Forms of intellectual and ethical development in the college years. New York: Holt, Rinehart &
Winston.



Santrock, J. (1997). 6th ed. Life-span development. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Publishing.



Steinberg, L. (2004). The ten basic principles of good parenting. New York: NY. Simon & Shuster Publishers.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

34

References and Resources
Websites:


Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Fact Sheets- Alcohol Use and Health (2013). 
http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/alcohol-use.htm



Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Annual Deaths Attributable to Cigarette Smoking—United States, 2000–2004.
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/tables/health/attrdeaths/index.htm



Edwards, L., Hopgood, J., Rosenberg, K., & Rush, K. 
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development. Flinder’s University.
http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/education/DLiT/2000/Piaget/stages.htm



Georgia Department of Labor
Learn about Résumé Writing (2013). 
http://www.dol.state.ga.us/js/resume_writing.htm



James Madison University
William Perry’s Scheme of Intellectual and Ethical Development. (2013).
http://www.jmu.edu/geology/evolutionarysystems/protected/handouts/willperry2.pdf



National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA)
Eating Disorder Prevention (2013).
http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/eating-disorder-prevention



National Institute on Drug Use
Drugs, Brains and Behavior. The Science of Addiction. (2013). 
http://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/sciofaddiction.pdf



National Institute of Health
Fetal Alcohol Exposure.(2013).
http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/FASDFactsheet/FASD.pdf

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.

35

References and Resources
Websites:


North Dakota State University
Eating Disorders Statistics
(2013).
http://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/counseling/Eating_Disorder_Statistics.pdf



Maeder/Corbis, C. 
Friendship – Friendships Throughout Adulthood. (2013).
http://family.jrank.org/pages/664/Friendship-Friendships-Throughout-Adulthood.html



Odessa College
Wells, C., Child Psychology. Gesell & Havighurst’s Stages of Development.
http://www.odessa.edu/dept/psyc/wells/2308/fall/gh.htm



United States Department of Agriculture
With USDA’s Cost of Raising a Child Calculator, you can estimate how much it will annually cost to raise a
child. This may help you plan better for overall expenses including food, or to purchase adequate life
insurance. 
http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/calculatorintro.htm

YouTube™:


Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Cancer in the Family. A news segment about individuals with a family member whose cigarette smoking led
to a cancer diagnosis. (2013).
http://youtu.be/9g-uhoCsZVc

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