All About Words

Silence! Silent Letters Speak Out
Everyone knows that the letter "E" can be "silent". That is, instead of playing its usual role of indicating directly a vowel sound, it is used instead to indicate a modification of another vowel sound, or is just hanging around doing nothing. But English has many pockets of illogical disorganization, and many other letters can be silent. Can you think of words that illustrates the silence of the other letters of the alphabet? A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z algae lamb indict edge height halfpenny sign herb business rijsttafel knot should mnemonic damn country psychic ? forecastle island whistle built ? who Sioux ? rendezvous

(This puzzle was posed in an issue of Civilization magazine, with answers given in the April/May 2000 issue. I only looked at their answers after I gave up.)

No rhyme, no reason Words that ought to rhyme
In English, it is never enough to know the spelling of a word; the pronunciation must also be specified. While there are a few helpful rules of spelling, we learn pronunciation of new words only by trial and error. We guess a pronunciation based on experience, and then are laughed at when we make a serious error. And sometimes, we laugh at our friends when we think they're wrong. I still remember a friend from fourth grade who insisted on going to the "the-AY-ter". (It didn't help that his first name was "Sean", a name I had never heard before, and which I suspected he had invented; - and that's before he told me how to spell it!) A minor result of this curiosity of English is that many words rhyme that "shouldn't", and many that "should" don't. Collected here are a few sets of words that look like they ought to rhyme, but which vary in interesting ways. In order to be "fair", I have mainly looked at words that are spelled identically, except for a change in a consonantal group, usually at the beginning of the word. This means that I am less interested in cases where the words don't align, because one has more syllables. So, while I include the pair ache and attache, I regard this as a weaker example. I have allowed cases where the change is not in the first syllable, as long as it occurs in a stressed syllable that would normally trigger a rhyme, such as the pair cajoled and caroled, although this example also illustrates the perplexing ways in which the accent can vary in two words of such similar spelling. Notice the large number of oddball words involving a "w" just before the vowel. This suggests that the letter "w" really does have a semi-vowel status, which could explain why, for instance, bash doesn't rhyme with wash: it "really" has a different vowel sound w(ua)sh. abalone abate above ache acred/nacred ad addle adios adjourn adobe aft alone agate approve attache sacred wad waddle radios mourn probe waft

cache

again ago ague aid alf alibis all allot allow allower ally almoner along amber amen Amish amuses an anal and anger anise anon ant anted any Apaches apparatus are argon Arkansas arm arrant as ascent ash asp assail assist aster astern at

attain sago plague plaid half ibis shall ballot sallow wallflower tally salmoner among chamber stamen famish anuses wan canal wand banger arise canon want canted zany attaches asparagus bare jargon Kansas warm warrant gas nascent wash wasp wassail bassist waster pastern swat

Prague said

wallow Wally

Hamish

danger

wanted

was

what

attest aunt avalanche avenge aver avid award axes axis Babel baffle bagged balcony ballet baked banged banish banquet barn barrel barren baseline bases batch bath bathed bather battle bead beady beak bear beard beast beat beating became been beer began biased bier

fattest gaunt Comanche scavenge saver David awkward taxes taxis label waffle ragged balony mallet naked ranged Danish bouquet warn quarrel warren Vaseline gases watch swath pathed father wattle dead ready break hear heard breast great creating sesame seen freer Megan liased crier

wallet

suet

gather

sweat

vegan

binder binged bio biped bison bisque bistable biter bitrate blood blown bluest boat body boing Boise bolder bomb bomber bone book boot both bother bough bought bower bowl breather brewed British broad bruise bruit budding Buick bull bullet bullion bully bunion burger

hinder ringed trio griped prison risque listable liter titrate food brown guest Croat Cody; grody doing noise solder comb comber gone kook foot cloth mother cough drought lower howl leather rewed whitish road guise fruit pudding quick dull gullet mullion sully union surger

good

going

tomb somber tomber one

doth hiccough though through tough

quit

bury bus buses bush buss but butch butterfly cab cacheted cafe cajoled camp canapes canary cantaloupe canton cap car caraway card carp carry cart caste caught cease cede ceder ceil ceiling certain chaise changes chapel chasses cheated cheese chemise chemo

jury flus fuses gush puss put hutch utterly swab macheted safe caroled swamp jackanapes granary troupe wanton swap war faraway ward warp quarry wart paste draught ease suede seder veil veiling pertain raise Ganges lapel classes created geese demise memo

starry

Denise

premise

chic China chino chis chivalry Chloe choir choose chose Christ clarification clean cliche cliches climate climb climbed climber closer clothing cockeyed coed colic colon color comas come comely comic communique compromise concave coney confider copier copy cork corneal couch couched coup courier

tic Tina rhino is rivalry toe noir loose dose twist scarification ocean fiche riches primate limb imbed timber hoser frothing jockeyed shoed folic solon dolor Thomas home homely gnomic unique promise Mojave honey consider dopier ropy work cornmeal touch douched soup Fourier

skis

this

Jose

lose

Sean niche

limbed loser nothing toed

touched

cove coven cover coverage coverall cow cowboy coward credo crevice crises crooked cross croupier dais daises daughter deaf death debacle debut debuted decade decal decedent deceit dedicate deface defanged defeated defined degas deist deliver demon demur denial deposition depot despite deter detour

love proven mover overage overall low lowboy toward redo device rises looked gross soupier Thais raises laughter leaf heath manacle rebut refuted degrade fecal precedent forfeit delicate preface deranged permeated destined Degas heist deriver lemon femur menial reposition despot mesquite meter devour

move woven over

Venice

Vegas

repot respite

devil deviled Diane dilate discount distress dither divan dive diver divest do doctorates doe does doll domino donkey donor dosage dose dossier double douche douches dozen drawer driest duality duet duly dumber early earth easy egret eight either emigrate emit enable enate

evil reviled Liane Pilate viscount mistress lither Ivan live river jivest go Euphrates shoe goes roll palomino monkey honor Osage lose glossier rouble touche touches frozen rawer priest quality suet July lumber nearly hearth greasy regret height wither emirate esprit tenable senate

Socrates

rose

exit

enclave encourage enchant endometrial engine estate ether eunuch even ewer excited exist eyed facile faith farish fasted fasten fasting fetal fetched fete feud fever few fevered fiend fillet finger finis finish flange flower font forbid form foster foul four fried from frontage

enslave entourage penchant retrial entwine gestate tether such seven sewer exited sexist keyed gracile saith garish tasted hasten tasting metal wretched machete Freud never sew revered friend skillet ginger minis swinish range lower front morbid worm poster ghoul hour skied tom montage

restate

preyed

mete

severed

singer

soul

whom

fussy futon galleyed gallop gamelan gamester garage garble garden genus gild glacier gladiator golf gorilla gouge grieve griot gulley Hades halon halt hasty have headdress heir here heresy heretic heron hewn hinged hinter holly hombre homey honk horse hostage how humbly hunger

pussy puton walleyed wallop gameplan semester garbage warble warden menus mild racier radiator wolf tortilla rouge sieve riot pulley shades salon shalt nasty pave readdress weir there hereby hermetic Peron sewn ringed inter wholly sombre honey monk worse postage low numbly plunger

talon

were

icily icon idolater imply indict injured innate internal Internet into intuit irate island isled intel ivy Jesus Judy key kilo kind kindly knavish kosher lager latte latent later legate leopard lily limo lint liven logic longed lorry lost lousy lynch macrame magnate

Sicily iron isolater simply infict inured pinnate interval interpret pinto Inuit pirate misland misled lintel privy rhesus study they silo wind spindly lavish posher pager matte patent water negate leotard wily primo pint given yogic sponged sorry post mousy synch madame stagnate

worry

mangy mania massage masse matrimony mature medial menses minestrone minidress message model modest moldier mouse mousers naif naive nation navel Nazi nearby Nepal neuters Neville Niger niton nitro north notice novel number oblige Oman omen omit once onion onto opaque oust outage

tangy Shania passage passe patrimony nature redial lenses pinecone ministress dressage yodel molest soldier rouse trousers waif waive ration ravel Swazi nearly sepal Reuters Seville tiger piton vitro worth novice shovel plumber prestige Roman women vomit sconce Orion pronto plaque Proust outrage

Tania

stature

vestige woman

oval pajama panda pander pant patio peas Pericles petty phenom piers player Pliny pollen ponder potato precious preclude predate prelate premed presence process pronged proper punish purine pusher quadruped qualifies quart quite reaward rebus recant recent recipe record redness redo regale regard

removal Panama Wanda wander want ratio pancreas testicles pretty venom pliers prayer tiny swollen wonder vibrato specious prelude sedate relate themed pretence profess sponged roper runish urine usher quadrupled qualities Stuart suite seaward zebus secant relent rewipe reword redress retro resale reward

skiers

steward

regime register reglue relish ringed rye salve sauerkraut scarf scholar sea semen Simon snuggest solves soprano south squalid stein stingy sunless sword taco tenon thou Tigris tricked tunable unable unary unfit vehicle workable

retime resister rescue rewish/delish tinged ye valve taut wharf solar yea Yemen Timon suggest wolves volcano youth valid vein stringy unless word Waco xenon you verdigris wicked unable usable unwary unit vesicle worktable

Back Slang Butchering the Language
An unusual kind of slang, known as back slang, evolved in England. One of the places it flourished was in butcher shops, where it allowed the butcher to order his assistant to bring out the old piece of meat for this customer. A word was coded by writing it

backwards and trying to make a sensible pronounciation, although certain sounds like "th" didn't actually get reversed, and extra vowels were inserted as necessary. In some cases, syllables were added or dropped, vowel sounds modified, or a single letter, such as "h", became pronounced. Backslang showed up several times, complete with subtitles, in the Australian movie "The Hard Word", starring Guy Pearce as one of a trio of bankrobbers. He is the son of a butcher, and one of his mates is a butcher. Several brief backslang interchanges occur during the movie, involving "yenom" and "dratsabs". In France, there is a similar slang, called Verlan, commonly used by immigrants. In this language, the reversal often takes place at the level of syllables, rather than letters. The greeting Bonjour, ca va?" becomes Jourbon, ca av?, and a cafe becomes a feca. word beemal cool curp/kcirp dabtros deeache dee-aitch deelo nam dello delo diam delo nammow delo woc delok doog doog eno doog gels doonups dos a reno dratsab dunop earth ecaf ecnop edgabac edgenaro meaning lamb look prick a bad sort (of person) head head old man old old maid old woman old cow cold good good one good legs pounds a sod bastard pound three face ponce cabbage orange

eefink eelacs eemoking pew eemosh eenin eeson eevach a kool eevig elbat elpa elrig elwoff emag emok nye enif eno enob epip erif erf yennep erth esaff esclop eslop esroch esuch evatch evif evlenet exis exobs exxes flatch flatch yenep gib teenuck gib teesurbs

knife scales coming up home nine nose have a look give table apple girl fowl game come in fine one bone pipe fire threepennce three face police police horse house have five twelve six boxes six half half penny big vagina big breasts

helpa jerknod kab edis kacab genals kanits kaycuff foe kaynab kayrop kayrop poches kennetseeno kenurd kew kirp kool toul kool tour lahteeache larro leracham nam namas namesclop nammo namoh namow neergs neetrith nemmo neves nommus nosper nosrap nottub oat occabot on doog owt

an apple donkey backside back slang stink fuck off bank pork pork chops stinking drunk week prick look out look out all right oral (sex) mackerel man someone (...is coming) policeman woman woman woman greens thirteen woman seven someone a person a parson button two tobacco no good two

pew the elop reeb repap reppock reswort retchtub retsio revlis riach riah roaf rouf ruttat ryache say see sip slabs slabs pew slaoc sneerg soush spinsrap sresworts sretsio stoob stun swags taff taoc tee-aitch tekram Texan rude nam Texan ruder tenip tib o the delo

up the pole = pregnant beer paper copper trousers butcher oyster silver hair hair four four tater (potato) chair yes yes piss balls balls up = a mess coals greens house parsnip trousers oysters boots nuts sausages fat coat eight market next door man = neighbor next door a pint bit of the old

toac tisaw toch eno top o' reeb torrac traf traff trat vatch wen worrab yorrab yadnab yardnarb yarpoo yeknod yellib yenep yennom yenork yob yobbo zeb

waistcoat hot one = look out! pot o' beer carrot fart fart tart have new barrow barrow brandy brandy pay up donkey belly penny money a crown boy boy best

Equivocal Words Words with two pronunciations
An equivocal word can be pronounced in two different ways, meaning two different things. This is a concept that is the opposite of a homonym, or perhaps an opposite. It is actually difficult to find a standard name for this object. We might call this a "homogram", "homograph", "heterophone", "heteronym" or "heterovox". It's important to keep in mind the relevant qualities we are considering. For instance, we could consider the qualities a "word" to be spelling, sound, and meaning. Using the particles "gram", "phone", "nym", and "logos", and the modifiers "hetero" and "homo/syn", our categorization might look like this:
•

SAME SPELLING, different sound, different meaning: (homogram?)

• • • • • • •

DIFFERENT SPELLING, same sound, same meaning: variant spelling (heterogram?) different spelling, SAME SOUND, different meaning: homophone same spelling, DIFFERENT SOUND, same meaning: variant pronunciation (heterophone?) different spelling, different sound, SAME MEANING: synonym (homonym?) same spelling, same sound, DIFFERENT MEANING: (heteronym?) same spelling, same sound, same meaning: SAME WORD (homolog?) different spelling, different sound, different meaning: DIFFERENT WORD (heterolog?)

However, most of these concepts are not officially named, and some of these names are already used for other concepts, and in fact some of these names are already used for some of these concepts but not for the ones I have suggested here. Who makes these rules? The OED and the Encyclopedia Brittanica say that a homonym is a pair of words with the same spelling and different pronunciation! Webster's Second International Dictionary prefers two words with different spelling and the same pronunciation. Webster's Third says that it's two words with the same spelling and pronunciation, but different meanings! William S Huff, a professor of architecture at SUNY Buffalo, tried to categorize the possibilities in terms of same or different spelling, pronunciation, and meaning. In his system, the words we are talking about are heterophonic homonyms. It is claimed that he had found 392 pairs of examples.
abstract (vague or general; to summarize or take) address (location; to pay attention) affect (personal bearing; to influence) alum (a graduate of a college; an astringent) agape (a love feast; wide open) agate ("AGG-et": a semiprecious stone; a-GATE: going, leaving, out the door) are ("ARR": exist;"AIR": a metric measurement of area) arete (a sharp ridge of a mountain; excellence or valor) attribute (to ascribe to; a characteristic) august (distinguished or noble; a month) awing (awe-inspiring; flying) axes (more than one axe; more than one axis) bass ("BASE": a low, deep sound; "BASS": a fish) begum (?; to befoul with gum) bouse (?; to drink) bow (to bend the upper body; a ribbon decoration) bowed (bent; used a bow) bower (one who bows; one who uses a bow) buffet (selecting your own food; a hard knock or strike) bustier (having larger breasts; a kind of push up bra) cello (cellophane tape; a musical instrument) close (near; to shut) closer (nearer; one who shuts) coax (coaxial cable; to persuade)

collect (COLLect: a short prayer; coLLECT: to gather) combine (a farm machine; to put together) commune (to harmonize with; a closely knit social group) compact (tightly packed; treaty, cosmetic case) console (comfort; a set or collection of instruments) content (satisfied; items being contained) contract (decrease; treaty or agreement) converse (to speak with; a logical proposition with reversed implication) coop (a crate or henhouse; a cooperative society) crooked (dishonest; made a bend) croupier (a casino dealer; more afflicted with the croup) cussed (swore; ornery, dadblamed) defect (a flaw; to switch sides) demos (demonstrations; the people of an ancient Greek state) denier (one who denies; a French coin, or unit of silk fineness) descent (genealogical origin; to remove the smell) desert (wasteland; to abandon) despot (to remove spots; a tyrant) detail (to remove the tail; small item) digest does (female deer; performs or acts) dove (plunged; a pigeon) drawer (one who draws; a compartment in a piece of furniture) entrance (a way in; to enchant) evening (making even or smooth; the late part of the day) exploit (adventure; to take advantage of) expose (to show or bare; a revealing story or article) fillet (a narrow strip of fabric; a filet) flourish (similar to flour; to thrive or prosper) flower (a blossom; something that flows) gallant (brave and gentlemanly; a suitor) gill (GILL: how fish breathe; JILL: 1/4 of a pint) glower (GLO-ER: something that glows; GLOW-ER: a scowl) gout ("GOWT": a disease; "GOTE": an artificial water channel; "GOO" - taste) herb ("ERB": a spice; "HERB": a man's name) hinder (to thwart or delay; the back part of a ship) housewife (a wife; a sewing kit case) incense (to make angry; an aromatic smoke) intern (a medical student; to confine) invalid (a sick person; not good or correct) jagged (teased; sharp and uneven) job (a task; a patient guy in the Bible) lamed (the Hebrew letter corresponding to "L"; hobbled) lather (foam; one who uses a lathe; one who installs lath) lead (to guide; a heavy metal) leading (in the front; lead used to secure stained glass) limber (agile; the guy who cuts the branches off a tree) lineage (the parental history; linear measurement) liver (one who lives; an internal organ) lower (to look sullen; less high) luger (a kind of pistol; someone who rides a luge) lunged (having a lung; made a sudden movement) lunger (a tuberulosis patient; one who makes a sudden movement) mares (female horses; lunar "oceans")

medic (a medical technician; the language of the Medes) minute (sixty seconds; tiny) mole (a sauce; a near-sighted rodent) moped (was grumpy; a motorized bicycle) mow (to cut down; a heap or pile of hay) nonage (childhood/one ninth of decedent's goods given to clergy) number (more numb; a quantity) overage (too old; an excessive amount) pace (tempo; Latin for "peace"; academic Latin for "with all due respect") palled (behaved like friends; lost color) palsy (friendly; a trembling disorder) pasties ("PAH-stees", pies; "PAY-stees", adhesive nipple coverings) pasty ("PAH-stee": a pie; "PAY-stee": tasting like paste) pate (head; pureed liver) patent (obvious; a license) peaked (having a pointy top; having a tired or sick appearance) pier (a dock; one who "pies" type) placer (someone who places; an alluvial sand or gravel deposit containing ore) polish (from Poland; to smooth or make shiny) predate (to precede in time; to prey upon) preposition (to put something in place early; a part of speech) present (already sent; to introduce; a gift) preserve (to serve earlier; to protect or guard) primer (a beginner's reader; a treatment applied before painting) proceeds (carries on; the profits) pussy (full of pus; a cat) putter (one who puts; a golf club used for short shots) putting (placing; hitting a short distance) rachel ("RACHEL": a name; "RAH-SHEL": a tannish face powder) ragged (worn out; teased) rainier (more rainy; a man's name) recenter (more recent; to center again) recess (time out from school; an indentation or hollowed out area) recollect (to remember; to collect again) recover (to become well again; to cover again) recreation (a hobby; a remaking) reformation (a change of shape; the Protestant movement) refuse (to deny, or to fuse again; garbage or waste) relay (to lay again; to pass along) resent (sent again; to hold a grudge) reserve (serve again; to hold back) reside (side again; to dwell) resign (sign again; relinquish a position) resolve (solve again; to vow or clear up) resort (sort again; holiday spot) resound(RESOUND: to sound (seek the bottom) again; REZOUND: to reecho or be repeated) resume (to start again; a summary, particularly of one's work experience) review (to reconsider; to view again) row (an argument; to propel a boat)

rugged (having a rug; sturdy and rough) secretive (prone to hiding; emitting secretions) seer (a prophet or fortuneteller; one who sees something) severer (one who severs; more severe) sewer (one who sews; a waste pipe) shower (one who shows; a downpour of rain) singer (one who sings; one who singes) skied (SKEED: used skis; SKIDE: hit a ball into the sky, or had a sky of a certain kind) slaver (a dealer in slaves; to let saliva run from the mouth) slouch ("SLOWCH": to slump; "SLOOCH": a pipe by which an engine gets water ) slough (to shed; a muddy area) sow (a female pig; to plant seeds) stingy (stinging; miserly) supply (to provide; in a supple fashion) swinger ("SWINGER": one who swings; "SWINJER": one who swinges) swinging ("SWINGING", moving back and forth; "SWINJING": superlative) tarry (to linger; covered in tar) tear (to rip; cry juice) thou (you; a thousand) tier (something that ties; a layer) ton ("TUN": 2000 pounds; "TONE": the prevailing fashion or mode) toots (honks (as a horn); a familar address, short for "tootsey") tower (something that tows; a tall building) underage (too young; a shortfall) unionized (part of a union; not ionized) vale (a valley; a Latin greeting) wicked (evil; having or acting like a wick) wind (the thing that has answers blowin' in it; to coil up) windy (gusty; winding) wound (damage; wrapped around)

In many cases, the variation in pronunciation can be seen as a establishing a clear distinction between verbs, nouns and adjectives with a common semantic root:
aged (old; became old) alternate (a substitute; to switch back and forth) articulate (to express; well-spoken) associate (to group; a partner) blessed (to make holy; to be holy)(Thanks to Rusty Eichblatt) combat (to fight; strife) conduct (to pass along; personal manner or behavior) confines (imprisons; a range) conflict (strife; to clash) consort (a companion; to associate with) construct (build; a built thing) contact (to touch; the fact of being in touch) contest (a competition; to compete) contrast (a difference; to point out a difference) convert (to change; one who changes) convict (a legal guilt-bearer; to assign guilt for a crime)

deliberate (to consider; considered) dogged (followed, like a dog; persistent, like a dog) excuse (to forgive; an exculpatory explanation) export (to send out; something sent out) frequent (often; to appear somewhere often) house (a dwelling; to provide shelter) impact (to hit or affect; the effect) implant (to insert; something that is inserted) import (to bring in; something brought in) intimate (deeply personal; to hint or suggest) invert (to turn upside down; a homosexual) laminate (to roll or compress into a plate; a rolled or compressed plate) legitimate (lawful or valid; to make valid) learned (was taught; greatly educated) legged (having legs; walked) live (not prerecorded; to reside) moderate (soft; to soften) mouth (one's gob; to seem to speak, but with no sound) multiply (to reproduce; several times) object (a thing; to complain) perfect (flawless; to make flawless) permit (a license; to allow) pervert (to corrupt; a corrupt person) prayer (one who prays; what one who prays is praying) produce (vegetables; to create or present) project (to stick out; a task or hobby) read (present tense; past tense) rebel (one who revolts; to revolt) record (a copy or note of something; to make a copy or note of something) rerun (to show again; something shown again) separate (apart; to part) subject (a topic; to impose) transform (to change; a means of changing) transport (to move something; a means of moving) transpose (to move; a matrix derived from another by switching indices) use (to employ; an employment) used (employed; was wont to)

Not quite:
defense (military protection; football counterattack) kinder (more kind; children) lame (crippled; a kind of fabric (with an accent mark)) lied (prevaricated; a German song) mother (mom; one who collects moths) reached (re-ached, but...) rose ( a flower; a kind of wine (with an accent mark) ) sake ( benefit; Japanese liquor) sundries

Names:
Chopin (a Polish pianist; a ceramic cup or liquid measure) Concord/concord (a city in Massachusetts; harmony) Degas/degas (the painter; to remove gas or gasoline) Dieter/dieter (German first name; a weight loser) Dives/dives Guise/guise Lima/lima (the capital of Peru; a kind of bean) Mobile/mobile/mobile (the capital of Alabama; able to move; an artwork with moving parts) Modest/modest (Mussourgsky's first name; humble) Natal/natal (a city in South Africa; referring to birth) Nice/nice (a French city; friendly or polite) Pall Mall Reading/reading Tangier/tangier (a town in Morocco; spicier) Trier/trier (a German city; one who tries)

The I Before E Deceit Unveiled
(In sympathy with Elise, who thinks spelling is worse than torture because it doesn't make any sense at all.) The apparent perversity of English spelling is occasionally tamed by a simple rule. For example, I remember learning the famous poem: I before E, Except after C. It didn't take too long for this rule to run into trouble, and I next had to learn the "revised" version: I before E, Except after C, Or when sounded like A, As in "neighbor" and "weigh". But just when we fancied that spelling had become a science, a prescient foreign geisha woman named Deirdre Oppenheimer came down from the heights of a glacier, tore off her veil, seized an ancient financier, and shamed our consciences grievously. "This society is inefficient!", she inveighed. "I wasted my leisure becoming proficient in cuneiform hieroglyphs. Either reimburse me with the value of the Einstein coefficient, or I will drag this man back to my hacienda in Muncie, wherein he will forfeit his life!"

I feigned interest, but looked for our feisty concierge Neil, whom I might inveigle into reining in this weird being. But he had gone to Anaheim, Beijing, Madeira and Taipei with Alexei to shop for a beige geiger counter. His absenteeism made me feel like queueing for the exit. The only sound was the neighing of the sheik's eight reindeer, chewing their edelweiss. I turned to Sheila, the Budweiser heiress. "Cease your surveillance of the sleigh and its freight! We must stop the reign of this plebeian atheist!" I must have hit a vein, because she deigned to put down her counterfeit kaleidoscope proficiently, albeit only to point out a weird Klein bottle full of nucleic proteins. "Therein is the skein of meiosis," she said, "the leitmotif of our species, of seismic importance to our homogeneity. It would surfeit a meistersinger, a sovereign, or even an omniscient deity like Poseidon." Decreeing my obeisance, I offered the paperweight, a Meisterbrau stein, and a Holstein heifer to the heister. Agreeing that it was sufficient, she reinstated the old wisenheimer, fleeing with spontaneity via Boeing to Beirut. CIE words:
agencies ancient coefficient concierge conscience deficient efficient fancied financier glacier hacienda Lucie Marcie mercies Muncie omniscient policies prescient proficient science society species sufficient tenancies

EI words:
absenteeism ageism albeit Alexei Alzheimer

Anaheim atheist beige being Beijing Beirut Boeing Budweiser caffeine codeine counterfeit cuneiform deign Deirdre edelweiss eider eight Einstein either Fahrenheit feign feint feisty foreign forfeit freight geiger counter geisha heifer height heinous heir heist herein Holstein homogeneity Hygeia inveigh inveigle kaleidoscope Keith Klein Leicester leishmaniasis leisure leitmotif Madeira meiosis monteith neigh Neil neither nonpareil nuclei nucleic obeisance onomatopoeic

Oppenheimer plebeian Pleiades poltergeist protein queueing reimburse rein reindeer reinstate reinvent reitbok seismic seize sheik Sheila skein sleigh sovereign surfeit surveillance Taipei their theism veil vein weigh weir weird wisenheimer zein zeitgeist

Verbiage Words that end in "-AGE"
While plowing through a pile of words, I came upon yet another odd word ending in -age and thought I ought to put a few of them in a little corral where I can admire them a bit. An entire family of these words seem to refer to old English customs of taxation, servitude, or privilege, and presumably reflected the dominant role of Norman French. Borrowings from French continued for centuries.
• • • • •

agiotage - the manipulation of stock prices; ajutage - a tube through which water is discharged. alienage - the legal status of being an alien or noncitizen resident of a country; ambage - a circuitous route; a roundabout way of speaking. amenage - to domesticate or tame (to make amenable?).

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appanage - a king's money or land, set aside for the subsistence of his younger sons who do not inherit the main properties (literally, "for bread"). This system became quite elaborate in France, and the appanage might be a significant territory, which became reluctant to submit to the rule of the king, and was spun off to the descendants of the younger prince. Naturally, the kings were eager to reincorporate appanages into the royal territory; at the least, they were taken back when there were no further male heirs. aulnage - the official measurement and inspection of cloth, or a payment for this service; avenage - a payment in oats, in lieu of rent. average - on a trading ship, after a storm in which some goods have been thrown overboard to lighten the ship, an average is the contribution made by the remaining merchants to those who lost goods. (Defined in this sense in Johnson's Dictionary) badinage - informal conversation, joking banter bariolage - a medley. barrage - a dam, a wall or obstruction. The only meetings I had with this word always involved artillery, so I would have guessed it meant "heavy fire", but the cognates of "barricade", "barrier" and "bar" should have warned me. This sometimes also appears as barage. bavardage - chatter; idle talk. Bertillonage - the careful taking, recording, and indexing of physical measurements, used to identify criminals, as pioneered by Alphonse Bertillon. blindage - a protective cover for a trench. blocage - in masonry, the roughest and cheapest sort of rubblework. blurbiage - a humorous portmanteau word, combining "blurb" and "verbiage", to suggest the vacuous praise that appears on the backs of books. bocage - a decorative motif of foliage. bouffage - a satisfying, filling meal. borage - a(n) herb. bordage - the menial service rendered by a bordar in in return for which he held his cottage. bossage - the use of bosses in architecture. bricolage - a construction that uses the materials at hand; a "do-it-yourself" construction; a construction by trial and error; brocage - a pimp's wages; the trade in used goods. brockage - an imperfectly minted coin. buoyage - a fee for the use of a buoy for mooring a boat. burelage - a network of lines or dots printed on stamp paper to deter counterfeiters. burgage - tenure of real property, especially a house, in return for yearly rent or service, often involving property held directly of the king. bushelage - a tax paid on commodities by the bushel. butlerage - a tax of two shillings for each tun of wine from any ship importing 20 tuns or more. This tax was payable to the king's butler. The tax evolved from an earlier tax in kind, known as prisage.

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cabotage - the trade or shipping along the coast; the exclusive rights of a country to control the air traffic within its borders. cabotinage - exaggerated acting; staginess careenage - the process of beaching a ship and laying it on its side, so as to expose the hull for cleaning and repair; a fee for careenage; a place for careenage; carnage - violent, bloody conflict; cartage - a fee for transportation by cart; carucage - the act of plowing; a tax on every plow or plowed land; cellarage - a fee charged for storage of goods in a cellar; in particular, fees paid by the attendees at the Lord Mayor's feast to the butleer and yeomen of the cellar; chantage - blackmail; chiminage - a toll paid for passage through a forest; chomage - the stopping of work by laborers at a factory; chummage - the quartering of persons together in the same room; the fee a new prisoner must pay to old ones; circlage - a suture used to hold the cervix shut, in cases where premature labor is a danger (Thanks to "Nip/Tuck"); colportage - the distribution of religious books. commonage - the right to graze cattle on the village commons. cordage - the cords and rope of a ship that constitute its rigging; an amount of wood, measured in cords; corkage - a fee applied by a restaurant to bottles of wine brought in by a customer. cornage - the obligation to stand watch along the Scottish border, and to sound a horn on the approach of Scottish warriors. cousinage - a tradition in Mali of defusing rivalries and resentments by making one's competitors into honorary cousins. cranage - the right to use a crane to unload goods from a ship, in return for payment. crannage - the amount of herrings, in crans. A cran, in turn, is about 750 herrings, or 37.5 Imperial gallons. cubage - the determination of the volume of a shape; cuinage - the stamping, by the appropriate official, of pigs of tin with the coat of arms of the duchy of Cornwall. cullage - the material removed during culling; bruised apples, lame sheep, moldy cheese; culliage - a Scottish custom allowing the lord of the manor to lie with the vassal's bride on the first night; or the cost of a payment to remit this right. culvertage - the degradation of a vassal down to the status of a serf. curtilage - a yard belonging to and adjacent to a house; the enclosed area around a building; such an area may have special legal restraints that do not apply to the common public area; demurrage - the detention of a ship by the freighter beyond the time needed for loading or unloading, or a penalty paid in compensation for this delay; doobage - the liberal application of doobies, that is, marijuana; doomage - a legal penalty for neglect;

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dotage; drayage - the transportation of bulky goods, originally in a horse-drawn cart or dray; but even now, the Los Angeles Coroner's department describes as "drayage" the service of emptying the apartment of a dead person with no known relatives. dressage - an elaborate and formalized style of horseriding suitable for display, not transportation!; dunnage - the baggage and personal effects that Mr Hornblower carries onto his new ship; originally, the material such as brushwood or mats used to protect valuable or fragile cargo; eatage - the right to use grassland for pasturage. effleurage - gentle rubbing with the palm of the hand. esclavage - a heavy necklace resembling a slave's chains. escomatage - sleight of hand. etage - a floor or story of a building; etalage - merchandise displayed in a show window. faldage - the right of the lord of a manor to require tenants to pasture their sheep on the lord's fields (so that the fields would be properly manured), a fold being provided for them. In later years, this was also the name of a payment made for a waiver of this right. fallage - the felling of trees; flobbage - phlegm and other matter expelled from the throat. flowage - the moving waters of an entire river system, such as "the Mississippi flowage has been invaded by the Asiatic leaping carp". forage fossage - a tax paid by the residents of a moated town to pay for cleaning the moat. fouage - a tax on "fire", that is, on chimneys or hearths. At least it was easy for the tax collector to spot and count the number of chimneys in a village and assess the owners. Edward the Black Prince levied an ill-advised fouage of his subjects to pay off debts from one of his daring and pointless ravages across France. freinage - slowdowns, interference, or sabotage by workers. frottage - a sexual deviancy in which one rubs up against strangers in crowded areas; from the French "frotteur", a polisher. gavage - feeding by means of a stomach tube; how they kept protesters for Women's Rights from starving themselves to death, and how they make foie gras. gilravage - to celebrate noisily. griffinage - the state of being a newly arrived European in India. griffinage or griffonage - illegible handwriting. grillage, a lattice of steel or iron beams or rods, used to strengthen a concrete supporting slab. hallage - a fee paid for goods sold in a covered market; harberage or harbergage - lodging or entertainment. hidage - a tax paid to the king for every hide of land. A hide was an old area measurement. homage - with a root in the word "homme" for "man, homage originally referred to the duty of one who holds land under the feudal system of presenting himself to

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his liege lord. This man to man presentation was meant to formally acknowledge the positions of the subject and lord. When the kings of England held feudal territory in France, they had to go from time to time, in person, to France to pay homage to the French king. housage - storage of goods, or a fee for such storage. jettage - a fee for the use of a jetty. keepage - things worth saving during a general cleaning, the opposite of garbage; the action of saving data that would normally be discarded; the keeping or storing of something. kippage - commotion, uproar. lackage - a discrepancy between the mandated and actual weight of coins. langrage - a kind of shot consisting of a canister of irregular pieces of iron, used to wreck sails and rigging. lappage - the amount by which successive layers (of shingles, for instance) overlap. lettage - the letting, or leasing, or property. lockage - a toll for passing through a lock. louage - a shared taxi-cab, a common means of travel in Morocco. lovage - a European apiaceous herb, last seen headlining the play "Lettice and Lovage". The Middle English name was loveache which in turn was derived from the Latin ligusticum which apparently merely meant "Ligurian". maquillage - makeup, though by the sound of it, the most ghastly and artificial kind. manurage - cultivation of land. maritage - the right of a feudal lord to dispose in marriage of the heiress, minor heir or widow of a vassal, or the payment made for a waiver of this right. menage - a group of people living together; messuage - a mansion house, its adjacent outbuildings, and grounds; etymologically, there is a suggestion that this word came about as a misreading of menage; metage - the official measurement of an object's contents or weight, or the charge made for computing this measurement. millage - a tax on the thousandth part of the value of a house. moulage - the making of molds for criminal investigations. mumblage - that which is mumbled; that which is worthy of being mumbled. murage - a tax levied to pay for building or repairing the walls of a fortified city. naulage - the freight of the passengers on a ship, or payment for the transport of such freight. nonage - a ninth part; the state of legal minority. orage - a storm. ossifrage - an osprey, or "bone breaker", which supposedly breaks open the bones of its prey for the marrow. paage - a trespassing fee pannage - the right to pasture hogs in the common forest during the time when acorns are falling; paunage - a variant spelling of "pannage";

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pavage - a tax levied to pay for the paving of highways. paysage - any sort of landscape painting. peage or pedage - a toll for the right of passage. pelage - an animal's hair or fur coat. pewage - an annual rent paid to a church for the use of a pew. pillage pollage - a head tax pommage - apple cider. pontage - a toll paid on bridges for their upkeep and repair. potage - soup. poundage - an import duty levied by the English Crown. primage - a fee paid by a shipper to a ship's captain for loading and caring for the freight. It is also called "hat money". prisage - the right of the English king to take one tun of wine from any ship importing 10 to 20 tuns, or two tuns of wine from any ship importing 20 tuns or more. pucelage - virginity. puffinage - the jocular name for the worthless postage stamps of Lundy, an island in the Bristol Channel of disputed sovereignty. The stamps had puffins on them, and were suitable to get a letter from Lundy to the docks of Ilfracombe (not far). Once on undisputed British soil, they had the same status as Christmas seals. putage - the fornication or prostitution of a woman putrilage - that which is being putrefied. ramage - the boughs of a tree. rampage remplissage - artistic padding; remuage - the process of regularly turning wine bottles in storage so that the sediment collects at the cork end. rivage - a bank, shore or coast. romage - a tumult rummage scavage - a toll extracted from merchant strangers. scutage - a tax paid by the holder of a knight's fee in lieu of military service; "scutage" has the same root as "scutum" which means "shield" in Latin; shroffage - a fee paid for the service of examining coins and separating out the counterfeits; sideage - a charge made for parking railroad cars on a siding. silage - any green crop harvested, compressed, fermented and stored for fodder. smallage - a wild celery. snappage - a share in the booty (recorded in the 17th century). socage - the holding of land by agricultural service, and not requiring military service; the first year of a hawk. sockage - liquid manure. spillage squattage/b> - the house and land belonging to a farmer;

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staffage - the decorative accessories in a picture; details added later to a painting; stockage - the practice of placing cattle in an area where they can sustain themselves by eating grass and other crops already growing there. stramage - rushes which are to be strewn on the floor as a covering. stumpage - a price paid for the timber in a forest; sullage - filth, silt, drainage or runoff from streets; tallage - an occasional tax levied by the Anglo-Norman kings on crown lands and royal towns; termage - winnings at crooked gambling, especially cheating at bowls or cards; thanage - the tenure by which a thane held land; thirlage was an extra layer of medieval servitude, in which the tenants of a sucken (no typo there!) were required to carry all the grain grown there to a particular mill, have it ground there, and pay the customary fees. Those were happy, happy days. tillage treillage - latticework to support vines; triage tronage is a medieval toll, paid by the compulsory weighing of coarse goods on the public trone. trucage is the forgery of works of art. tunage, music - as in "We need tunage!", from "Harold and Kumar Go to White Castle". ullage is the amount by which a cask of wine is not full; from the old English "eullage/oillage", to fill a cask, from the old French "ouil" for "eye", meaning the bunghole. umbrage, literally "shade" or "cover" (as in "umbrella" and "penumbra"), this word is now used to denote a feeling of being slighted, belittled, or mistreated, and the agitated insistent response to such perceived mishandling. vendage, used by Auden in the poem "Good-bye to the Mezzogiorno", To bless this region, its vendages, and those Who call it home:

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vicinage - the neighborhood. viduage - widowhood. vigerage - more commonly known now as "vigorish" - is a loan shark's rate of interest, or the size of the weekly payments. At one time, a rate of 20 percent applied, in the sense that a $5 loan was made, to be repaid at the rate of a dollar a week for six weeks, so that five would get you six. village visage - the face, or its expression;

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windage - in archery, allowance in aiming for the effect of the wind; in artillery, allowance for the discrepancy between the size of the cannonball and the cannon boring, which reduces the power of the shot. windowage, a joking term, supposedly part of the verbose and flowery terminology of pretentious real estate agents. The term appears in a cartoon by William Haefeli in the New Yorker, 7 June 2004, in the caption "As you can see, it has excellent windowage." as an agent shows an apartment to a couple.

Not ready for prime time:
acreage adage advantage amperage anchorage appendage arbitrage arrearage assemblage assuage baggage bandage baronage beverage blockage bondage burrage carriage coinage cubage damage decoupage dressage garage garbage luggage marriage menage mileage pillage presage ravage salvage savage seepage tonnage verbiage voltage

Impostors:
anlage ([German loanword] the first traces of an organ in the embryo) Apinage - an Indian tribe of Brazil Stan Brakhage (an experimental film maker) Carthage cowage or cowhage - a bristly plant used as a mechanical vermifuge! gurage - a Semitic language spoken in southern Ethiopia image Osage sparage - a variant of "asparagus". Swanage - a town in England. teenage uncage Wantage - a town in southern England, birthplace of Alfred the Great.

IFY-ification
A new word can spring into existence when inspiration enlivens a poet's tongue. But such treasures are easily missed when new words can be cranked out like so much sausage. One sausage-grinder that regularly turns out many new words uses the addition of -IFY to a place-name, a personal name, or an adjective, to create a word meaning "to make something more like X". It turns out that a surprising number of X's have gone into the old sausage grinder, and in some cases the results are appalling! Here is list of some odd words formed with -IFY or -IFIER or -IFICATION:
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Abstractify: In our decade here she had done rather lurid, abstractified views of the rooftops from all of the third-floor windows, in all of the directions of the compass, and thus used up her world. John Updike, "Roger's Version".

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Abyssify: In Saul Bellow's "The Dean's December", the Dean has been accused of writing apocalyptic overwrought rhetoric, of warning that "the abyss is nigh". He ponders this accusation: But for a fellow like me, the real temptation of abyssifying is to hope that the approach of the 'last days' might be liberating, might compel us to reconsider deeply, earnestly.

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Adultify: [Neil] Postman does not only argue that television produced adultified children; paradoxically, it also produced childified adults. Donovan Hohn, Harper's Magazine, January 2007.

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Artify: Through singing, dancing, painting, telling fables of neurotic mobsters who visit psychiatrists, and otherwise engaging in what Ms Dissanayake calls artifying, people can be quickly drawn together, and even strangers persuaded to treat one another as kin. The New York Times, 27 November 2007.

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Auntify: Now Asya averted her eyes so as not to have to stare any longer at her mother, the mother whom she had never called "mom" and had perhaps hoped to keep at a distance by auntifying. Elif Shafak, "The Bastard of Istanbul"

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Awardify: Never miss awardifying celebrities An advertistement for the Dish Network DVR, appearing in USA Today on 25 February 2008, just after the Oscar awards.

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Babe-ification: And here, deliciously complicit in her own babe-ification, is Kartina Richardson, of Mirrorfilm.org. Slate Magazine, 7 February 2011.

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Big Brotherification: "These incremental changes in technology and intimacy of searches may be a step toward the Big Brotherification of American life but it is just not that big of a deal outside the media bubble." The New York Times, 29 November 2010.

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Bitchify: to force another to do menial or degrading tasks. To force a prisoner to become one's sexual slave. "Best put on a jail face, BG. These crabs see you puckerin', they're gonna bitchify you in a heartbeat."

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Blandify: Bob Strauss, above, refuses to blandify his apartment by getting rid of his stuffed baby seal, even though it puts some women off. The New York Times, 29 March 2007.

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Brickify: to cause a useful and expensive piece of electronic equipment to permanently shut down, becoming as useless as a brick. Apple famously brickified iPhones on which users had installed third-party software. Going to a different part of the country for a month can also brickify it.

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Broadway-ification: Though some have complained about the Broadway-ification of the London theater scene, with its increasing reliance on bloated musicals and empty-headed revivals, the West End still remains a place to find compelling, original theater. The New York Times, 31 December 2006.

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Bruce-ified: The lawyer Bruce Cutler is considered so vicious and manipulative in his cross-examination that anyone who has undergone such an experience is said to have been Bruce-ified, perhaps in analogy to being crucified. I routinely exposed their slip-shod, unsupportable testimony for the foul bratwurst that it was! It was for these performances that the media coined the new verb to brucify, often used as the passive adjective, brucified, which signifies none other than to rip into a witness's foundation, expose its shaky regions, then demolish his house of evidence in deafening tumultua.

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Bullet-Pointify: Anyhoo, because I know writers love bullet points - and I'm no exception to this I'll bullet-pointify the writing tips for you.

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Butchify: For many, even square-built Corliss Henderson with her dogged melancholy butchifying of the saints, would have liked to know me better, to 'get in touch

with' impeccably gray-swaddled Professor Roger Lambert, who had made his deal with the universe and was damned if he was going to welsh on it. John Updike, "Roger's Version"
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Californi-fication: The Tallahassee Democrat of 09 December 2003 had the headline: Senate President Warns Against 'the Californi-fication of Florida'

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Carnify: apparently a "legitimate" word (with a pedigree, that is), which is used when soft tissue, such as in the lungs, turns to muscle. A related, also legitimate, but somewhat horrifying, word is excarnificate, which means "to clear of flesh"; and then there's carnifex, which is a term for an executioner. Cartoonify: Even kids get it. But '300' - the new cartoonified version of the hard day's work at the Hot Gates on the coast of Greece, where 300 stood against a million-man march of Persians - is clueless. Stephen Hunter, The Washington Post, 09 March 2007.

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Celebrification: It was the "$177 Bagel" that did it, finally solved for me the mystery of how the New York Post remains the nation's iconic daily tabloid in a media realm overrun by celebrification. Ron Rosenbaum, Slate Magazine, 24 February 2010.

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Cheesified: Tom has told me that, at one point, the company that owned Muzak also owned the Britannica, which meant the office was constantly bathed in soothing cheesified versions of Simon and Garfunkel. A J Jacobs, "The Know-It-All".

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Chickenfication: An article on factory farming of pigs, included a subheading: The Chickenification of the American Pig Harper's Magazine, May 2006.

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Chronification:

Each year approximately 3% of people with episodic migraine experience chronification of their headache disorder. Chronic migraine implies that the migraineur who previously was suffering relatively infrequent headache attacks now is plagued with headache at least 15 days out of the month, with at least 8 (but not necessarily all) of their headaches being migrainous in character.
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Chutnification: Salman Rushdie is alleged to have commented on the chutnification or gradual partial cultural assimilation, of English people who lived in India. Cody-fy: In "Buffalo Bill and the Indians", I swear that Buffalo Bill (real name, William Cody) has a partner who says: "All I care about is the Wild Wild West. I'm going to Cody-fy the world."

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Crudification: We always use the convention that the right hand side does not contain more information than the left hand side. The right hand side is a crudification of the left. Donald Knuth, "The Art of Computer Programming", Volume I.

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De-Kafkafied: ...I take her hand and feel suddenly purged of yet another ghost, as de-Kafkafied by my pilgrimage to the cemetary as I would appear to have been de-Birgittized once and for all by that visitation on the terrace restaurant in Venice. Philip Roth, "The Professor of Desire".

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Delinkification: The nub of Carr's argument is that every link in a text imposes "a little cognitive load" that makes reading less efficient. Each link forces us to ask, "Should I click?" As a result, Carr wrote in the delinkification post, "People who read hypertext comprehend and learn less, studies show, than those who read the same material in printed form." Scott Rosenberg, Salon, 7 September 2010.

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De-Massify: Back in 1980, another futurologist, Alvin Toffler, anticipated the de-massifying of society in his best selling book "The Third Wave", which is still in print. John Cassidy, The New Yorker, 10/17 July 2006.

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Deraunchified: This month Mathew Knowles, father of Beyonce, released the CD "Kid's Rap Radio", featuring 8-year-olds behind the mike rapping deraunchified hits like Busta Rhymes's "Touch it". The New York Times, 26 November 2006.

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De-Santafication: In "The Santa Clause 2", as Tim Allen's Santa Claus character grows thinner, and his beard less rich, an elf cries out The de-Santafication process has begun!"

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Dixification: An article in the New York Times, 05 October 2003, reports on the Dixification, that is, the increasing Southern dominance, of the Republican party. Dogify: "Like, 'You're my competitor, so I'm going to dogify you.'" "Dogify?" I said. "Make doglike. You know, with that kind of here's-the-brutally-honestphotographer-turning-his-unpitying-eye=on-real-life type of thing." "Was she dogified?" "Completely," Simon said. "Houndified. Muttified." Anne Packer, "The Dive from Clausen's Pier".

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Domestified: She wants me to commit. Translation: Become domestified. Jude Law's, playing Alfie, in "Alfie".

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Dulcify: The inspiring verses and the singer's beautiful voice seemed to dulcify the King. Susan Sontag, "The Volcano Lover".

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Dummifying: the rewriting of text so that it is suitable for the "for Dummies" series of books. The editorial team, based in Indianapolis, gives authors a kind of "Dummies for Dummies" manual and a computer template. "Copy editors do the line editing and Dummifying," Steele said. The New York Times Book Review, 24 September 2006.

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Dustification: This idea was quickly dismissed though and yet she continued with other theories like the dustification theory in which she explains how the steel columns were turned to dust right before our eyes (even though the only thing you can see in all the debris pictures at Ground Zero are steel columns...guess they missed those).

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Dynastification: The dynastification of American political life is weakening America's claim to be a democratic beacon. The Economist, 12 May 2007.

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Easternification: Constantine would complete this easternification by choosing Byzantium as the site for his new capital, Constantinople. David Edward Duncan, "Calendar".

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Fishefy, Fishify: A discussion of Noah Webster mentioned that his dictionary not only included new American words and forms of expression, but also discarded archaic Briticisms such as fishefy - whose meaning, one should realize, is now somewhat more difficult to determine! However, the Webster's Third New International Dictionary does list fishify with the curiously unenlightening explanation "to turn into a fish". "Shark Tale" has wonderful animation, and it was very entertaining to watch. What the directors and producers did, was take common objects in the human world that are recognizable by most people, and fishify them. For instance they have "Swim" and "Don't Swim" signs in the fish world of Times Square.

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Fixed Pointify: to convert a fraction to a "fixed point" number. I imagine you can declare a float and then fixed pointify it to 28:4 or something like that.

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Fontify: Fontifying your handwriting is a simple, four-step process.

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Fox News-ification: The Fox News-ification of Donald Trump

Headline, Salon Magazine, 04 March 2011.
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Foxification: The Foxification of the cable universe has created significant collateral damage in the last few weeks. The New York Times, 08 November 2010.

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Frenchification: The Foxification of Arsenal is perhaps the most famous example of a broader French influx to London. The Economist, 05 March 2011.

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Gamify: the reformulation of an activity as a game, complete with points and rewards. 'Gamification', the internet will tell you, is the future. It's coming soon to your bank, your gym, your job, your government and your gynaecologist. All human activity will be gamified, we are promised, because gamifying guarantees a whole bunch of other buzz-words like Immersion! and Emotional Engagement! and Socialised Monestisation! You'll be able to tell when something's been gamified because it will have points and badges. And this is the nub of the problem.

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Giddify: Instead, trying something unique, fun and perfect for the season - a sparkling red wine that's sweet enough to please and bubbly enough to giddify.

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Gimplify: to make a programming object, such as a tree, programming language independent. I started out trying to genericize without gimplification, but it turned out to be rather complicated, largely because you still sometimes need to generate temps. You could just add them directly to the outermost BIND_EXPR, but that doesn't work if we haven't already genericized. So I'm punting for now.

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Googlification: A report on how Microsoft's online network is trying to imitate the features of the much more successful Google search engine: The Googlification of MSN will occur in two parts. The New York Times, 08 July 2004.

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Greekification: An Englishization of "Hellenization". There was a declension of Egyptian heads, from the oblique formality of early dynasties to the full-lipped irony and passion of the middle, down into Greekified versions which crossed with Greek versions of Egyptian formalism and led to another plane, a shelf of green-veined marble with a Phidian Athena in high relief on a temple slab. Richard Stern in "Stitch".

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HD-ification: It is the HD-ification of of the arts, and it is already affecting programming decisions along with costumes and set design." The New York Times, 09 November 2010.

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Hello-Kittification: He says that SEGA and Nintendo are responsible for the "subtle but massive Hello-Kittification of North American animation." Douglas Coupland, "Microserfs".

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Hip-ify: A review of the movie "Narnia": Adamson, co-director of "Shrek", wisely doesn't try to hip-ify the tale, leaving its curious blend of medieval pageantry, Christian fable and children's bedtime story intact. Newsweek, 19 December 2005.

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Hilarified: Carrell has a face built for comedy, its Sears-catalogue handsomeness hilarified by a butter pat of hair, an L-wrench nose, and deep-socketed woe-is-me eyes. Tad Friend, The New Yorker, 05 July 2010.

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Hunkify: Though your aim is to release endorphins and hunkify your calves, you also want to see what's going on, who's on the street, who's on the street with a dog. In January 1988, after spending a year trying to hunkify myself and writing about that effort extensively in The Washington Post, I finally mustered up the

courage to sign up for a genuine triathlon held annually on Grand Bahama Island called the "Conch Man": swim a mile, bike ten, run five.
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Iraqification: Breaking that culture of dependency, they concluded, is the key to making the long discussed Iraqification of the country's security a reality. The New York Times, 04 December 2006.

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Islamification: Muslim women such as myself are thrilled that we don't live in Saudi Arabia or Iran and we are already alarmed at the Islamification of Britain. An article in the London Independent.

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Japanification: a period of economic stagnation characterized by deflation; Despite the strong parallels, there are still reasons to think that the United States can escape what has been called Japanification of Britain. The New York Times, 30 October 2010.

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Linguify: An article in the online Language Log coins the word "linguify" to describe cases in which statements are made about words, with the intent of saying something about what the words refer to. To linguify a claim about things in the world is to take that claim and construct from it an entirely different claim that makes reference to the words and other linguistic items used to talk about those things, and then use the latter claim in a context where the former would be appropriate. An example given is "organic feedlots" - two words that I never thought would find their way into the same clause. Similar, I suppose, are statements such as "military intelligence is an oxymoron".

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Mallification: They have bemoaned what some call the mallification of the square for years now, aghast that even a hub of intellect and creativity cannot keep out the chains. The New York Times, 22 November 2008.

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Marxify: Christopher Hill's attempt to Marxify the idea might not exactly work, but the concept of a time before kings and lords and bishops and popes is an ancient yearning. Christopher Hitchens, "Hitch-22".

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Massification: An article reports on the predominance of American movies and music in Europe, elegantly noting: Since World War II, however, has come the massification of culture. The New York Times, 26 April 2004.

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Mattification: The term mattifying is popping up these days in beauty magazines and skin care aisles. You won't find it in the dictionary, but most women seem to know that it refers to a product's ability to reduce the appearance of oiliness on the face, which is a particular problem in summer. Now men are being introduced to the concept of mattification, with products that are meant to be patted on their heads and faces. Men, it turns out, don't like that shiny look, either. The New York Times, 22 July 2010.

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Meme-ified: Malcolm Gladwell, the zany-haired Canadian who loves to write bestsellers, just got meme-ified. Salon, 08 February 2011.

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Milkified: You smell a bit milkified. Michael Caine, as Alfie, in "Alfie".

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Mittification: Noting how John McCain has taken on some of the stances of Mitt Romney, we have the following headline: THE MITTIFICATION OF MCCAIN The New York Times, 16 February 2008.

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Mommify: The first lady tries to humanize - and mommify - the case for reform. A headline in the online magazine Slate, 18 September 2009.

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MTVification: An article in the New York Times reviews the show "Miami Vice" on the occasion of the beginning of reruns: They were dissolute but human, guilty but glamorous: the MTVification of "Hill Street Blues".

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Museumification: An article in the Atlantic Monthly, June 2005, by BernardHenri Levi, titled "Road Trip II": Alcatraz, too, has given in to the museumification of everything. She pleads the American reader to not museumify the writings that she translates, that is not to view them as representative cultural artifacts to be observed and objectified.

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Nanny-state-ification: Christopher Hitchens, petty criminal? He became one for the purpose of his February 2004 column "I Fought the Law", a broadside against the nanny-stateification of New York under Mayor Michael Bloomberg. Vanity Fair, October 2009.

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Napa-fication: The Napa-fication of an Ancient Wine Region The New York Times, 28 August 2005.

• • •

Nastification: In episode 64 of Futurama, the following dialogue occurs:
Nibbler: It's a genetic abnormality that resulted when you actions which went back in time and performed certain

• • • shields •

made you your own grandfather. Fry: I did do the nasty in the past-y! Nibbler: Verily. And that past nastification is what you from the brains.

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Nostrify: "'Only one colleague has really understood it,' he wrote to his friend Heinrich Zangger, 'and he is seeking to nostrify it (Abraham's expression) in a clever way.' The expression to nostrify (nostrifizieren), which had been used by the Goettingen-trained mathematical physicist Max Abraham, referred to the practice of nostrification by which German universities converted degrees granted by other universities into degrees of their own." Walter Isaacson, "Einstein - His Life and Universe".

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Opacified: made obscure While relaying a report on The University of Manchester's name a little while ago, I mentioned three initialisms that people now staunchly maintain DO NOT STAND FOR ANYTHING (despite their history, of course): UMIST (one of the predecessors of Manchester as we know it today), Texas A&M, and SRI International. Right after that, I wondered out loud on the ADS-L if there was a name for these things. I suggested the lame term opacinym (for terms that had become "opacified by institutional fiat").

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Oprah-fication: A guest herself on one of GreenStone's shows last week, Ms Steinem said she didn't understand people who bemoaned the Oprah-fication of the news. The New York Times, 19 September 2006.

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Oprahfied: Then, too, the governor seemed Oprahfied, especially in the last few days, when he couldn't keep from musing into microphones about whatever was running through his mind. The New York Times, 23 January 2009.

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Pappified: from a review of a new TV show called Californication: "Hank's one and only successful novel, 'God Hates Us All', has been pappified into a sappy and successful movie renamed 'Crazy Little Thing Called Love' and starring 'Tom and Katie', no last names necessary. The New York Times, 29 July 2007.

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Platonification:

Platonification - This is the bias toward overvaluation of factual information and reliance on expertise. We tend to believe that the stock markets are driven by such underlying leading indicators as new housing starts, the unemployment rate, the presidential election cycle, or who won the Super Bowl. Gerry Smedinghoff, "Black Swan or Black-Scholes?"
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Pointify: In sports, to convert a scoring opportunity into an actual score: "If the 'Cats can pointify every possession, watch out!"

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Porkification: a process of turning into a pig, was used by Konrad Lorenz, as quoted by Bruce Chatwin: I have noticed a progressive cochonification of the boys swimming in the Danube. How would you say that in English? Porkification!

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Pornified: a "sloganifiable" word suggesting the effects of "using" pornography: PORNIFIED: How Pornography is Damaging Our Lives, Our Relationships, and Our Families a book by "Horrified" Pamela Paul.

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Pornographication: an acceptance of the attitudes and interests of users of pornography, was used in a brief article in "Entertainment Weekly": Star 80 foresaw the pornographication of American life.

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Prosification: the industrial creation of prose as used by Stuart Kelly in "The Book of Lost Books": It had turned him [Zola] into a perpetual prosification device, an inexhaustible ream-machine.

•

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Pumpkinification: The Roman author Seneca, (at the urging, apparently, of Nero) wrote a Menippean satire about the apocolocyntosis, or pumpkinification of the emperor Claudius, mocking the process by which emperors, no matter how unworthy, were turned into gods. Queerification: In the New York Times Sunday Styles section, 17 April 2005, a letter to the editor titled "`Man Dates' Not That Rare": "Men have dinner. They go to the movies, where they actually sit next to each other. They walk sans sports equipment. They do these things millions of times, every day, without awkwardness or fear of queerification".

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Relexification: the process of rephrasing a sentence by replacing certain words by their equivalents in another language: Pretentious? Moi? or perhaps I am tres excited!

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Religification: An article by Steven Waldman in the online magazine SLATE of 02 August 2004 is titled "The Religification of John Kerry". The Religification of John Kerry has begun. He started lacing his speeches with a Bible reference here and there. He released a TV ad discussing his faith, and just days before the convention began, the campaign hired a new director of religious outreach.

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Salification: conversion into salt: ...the fireplace was decorated with blue ceramic tiles depicting biblical themes like the salification of Lot's wife... T. Coraghessan Boyle, "World's End".

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Saltify: Menchu raised her eyebrows and said at once that the very idea left her petrified, or saltified or whatever the word was, like Noah's wife, or was it Lot's? Arturo Perez-Reverte, "The Flanders Panel".

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Scottify: In response to Johnson's crack about oats in his Dictionary, Boswell "insisted on scottifying his palate" - a scene that was to be the subject of one of Rowlandson's most famous cartoons - but the food was dried fish, not oats. (Had it been the latter, this would have been a rare example of a lexicographer forced to eat his words.) Adam Sisman, "Boswell's Presumptuous Task: The Making of the Life of Dr Johnson".

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Shiify and Sunnify:

Paradoxically, Khomeini helped Sunnify Shiism by assuming the role of autocrat and empire seeker, while helping Sunnis to Shiify their creed by glorifying martyrdom. Irshad Manji, New York Times Book Review, 13 August 2006.
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Sillification: Early on, Tolkien stated a preference for the vulgarization of an animated version over the sillification of a dramatization. Abby Nolan, Slate Magazine, 25 June 2010.

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Sissification: After the sentence was pronounced, MSNBC trotted out a bullet-headed talkradio host to sneer at "the sissification of America." The New Yorker, 15 May 2006.

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Slangification: To that end, he draws inspiration from a broad swath of pop culture. Those include Web sites (he quotes a long and blush-inducing list of raunchy slang terms culled from the Web site of the Salem, Oreg.-based "Sly Records"), magazines (he unearths a gold mine of girl slang from the late, beloved Jane), movies (he cites the effective use of "fuckin-A" in Mike Judge's 1999 film "Office Space") and television shows (including, of course, "Buffy the Vampire Slayer," although he finds untold riches of slangification in "The Simpsons" as well). Stephanie Zacharek, Salon Magazine, 16 April 2009.

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Slantify: "After looking at all the examples at the Eric Meyer website last night in both IE and Mozilla, I only saw one that wouldn't work in IE on Windows. That one was slantify. Others didn't work 100% but that didn't effect presentability of the examples."

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Spherification: His recipes are full of surprise and playfulness: strange juxtapositions of hot and cold ingredients, intensely flavored frozen powders, and mysterious liquidcentered gelatin orbs made through a process called spherification. Slate magazine, 08 October 2008.

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Spy-ify: "Carter and Anderson would Spy-ify writers's copy, often completely rewriting it to get the tone - equal parts venom and glee - just right." The New York Time Book Review, 03 December 2006.

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Starbucksification: "I've heard more than one person refer to it as the Starbucksification of Second Life". "Ned Reuters", discussing the online game "Second Life", in which people develop avatars that can fly over the landscape, but also go to work, subscribe to specially prepared editions of real magazines, or purchase an enormous genital upgrade. Reuters News Service has paid to "put up" a "news building" in this fantasy world, and "Ned Reuters" is the name of the avatar of their "local" reporter. You wouldn't think nerds could make you cry...

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Survivor-fication: the urge, exhibited by other television shows, to reproduce the attractions that draw viewers to "Survivor" and other reality shows; in particular, the drama of expelling one member on each show: "There is absolutely a Survivor-fication of television at some level." Howard Gordon, an executive producer of "24", a scripted show which has been sacrificing noted cast members extravagantly.

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Tapafication: "Although the entree's ills were first diagnosed in the late 1990's, when the rise of small plates kicked off the tapafication of American menus, the attacks have become more serious lately." The New York Times, 05 December 2007

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Transparentify: "Added a link to giftrans, a useful little Unix program that can transparentify a GIF file." on the web site for the xv graphics program.

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Trendify:

"I want to be involved in science communication to allow it to enrich people's life like food, literature, or music can. We need to re-trendify science.
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Trustify: "Unhappily, darling, I can't. I'm all trustified. Didn't you know? Apart from my income, it's all - well, I can't touch a thing." Maurice Edelman, "The Prime Minister's Daughter".

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Trustification: "Rationalization was accompanied by the related phenomenon of industrial concentration: the amalgamation into great industrial empires of enterprises engaged in similar or allied productive processes. The best known examples of trustification are I. G. Farbenindustrie (1925) and Vereinigte Stahlwerke (1926)." William Carr, "A History of Germany".

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Twitter-ified: "It makes me wonder what Trow, who died in 2006, would make of the Twitterified world." Christopher Beam, Slate Magazine, 02 August 2010.

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Webify: the process of transferring some document, graphic or other item onto the Web. "The process of sharing slides is broken. It goes from my hard drive to yours via email. Or if I put it online, its in a clunky format like pdf or Powerpoint that you need to download. Slideshare solves that problem. It webifies your slides - it makes the experience of viewing them, sharing them with individuals or groups smooth and seamless."

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Whiskified: "The Captain was not only unaccustomed to tell the truth,- he was unable even to think it - and fact and fiction reeled together in his muzzy, whiskified brain." Thackerary, in "The History of Pendennis".

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Wikified:

"In this wikified age of instant information - where anyone is free to create (or destroy) knowledge on the Internet from the privacy of their own PC, or iPhone, or Blackberry - it could be easy to dismiss 'Pioneering Women in American Mathematics' as just another database." Margaret Murray, in a book review in The College Mathematics Journal, Volume 41, Number 3, May 2010.
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Will and Gracification: referring to the show "Will and Grace", and, by implication, the greater visibility and acceptance of gay themes on television: "Gay jokes, or more specifically, men assuring themselves that they are not gay, mark a new phase in the Will and Gracification of American television." The New York Times, 01 September 2005.

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Wimpification: a process of reducing or enervating masculinity: "foppery, frippery, metrosexuality and the wimpification of America..." as the Washington Post described the men's shopping magazine Cargo.

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Yogify: All day long he helps yogified babes try on form-fitting clothes and assesses the result. The Utne Reader, November/December 2007. The Yogification of America Article headline in Salon Magazine, 02 May 2010.

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Yuanify: So if China wants to yuanify some of its claims on the rest of the world, it will need a currency that can go down as well as up. The Economist, 22 January 2011.

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Zombification: used in a science article about how a parasitic worm hollows out a grasshopper, and then injects its brain with a protein that makes it find a pool of water and hop into it: For grasshoppers, zombification is an everyday hazard and it obliges them to end their lives in a bizarre manner.

The New York Times, 06 September 2005.

The IZE Have It
Languages have special ways of churning out new words as needed. Sometimes, the artificiality of these words can be recognized by a common suffix. For instance, many nouns that we borrowed from French over the centuries still bear their common -age ending. In the 50's, a whole sub-dialect of contrived English was discovered, and mocked. This was the argot called ad-speak or Madison-Avenue-ese. One feature of ad-speak was regularly singled out for the ugly-sounding words that resulted: the creation of verbs and nouns by appending an -ize or -ization. No matter how bizarre or cacophonous the result, the practice continued, and soon was carried over into the body of American English. It's only fair to point out that this method of producing new words, perhaps most associated with the American form of English, has been practiced, mocked and apologized for over hundreds of years. William Safire quotes a letter from Benjamin Franklin to David Hume, in 1760, in which he apologizes for the use of the words pejorate, colonize and unshakeable, repenting that these are bad or low coinages! And in another article, Safire blames the 16th century poet Thomas Nashe for inventing the suffix -ize as a means of easily generating new and longer words. Safire turns to the current popularity of operationalize in place of carry out or implement, and then remarks that "My job is to hoot at this Nashe-ization for a few years, supported by the dwindling legion of those determined to stay the course, and then to cut and run with the usage antelopes." If it weren't already used for another meaning, we'd have writers authorizing their books! Herewith, a short list of some of the more shocking, disconcerting, or regrettable words formed with IZE or IZER or IZATION:
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Academicize: "All art is entertainment. Whenever we academicize it, we lose track of that notion."

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Actorize: "For Conan, I'm in favor of a performer who is an actor first, instead of some other profession like wrestler, football player, or...Crom forbid...a bodybuilder.

I'd rather they bulk up an actor instead of trying to actorize (Thespianize?) a bulky guy."
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Adrenalized: to thrill, excite, or fill with energy, as in "I adrenalized with joy to see this beautiful predatory creature that Yeats had seen..." EL Doctorow, City of God, page 103, who should know better!

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Agnosticize: "I eventually realized it was mainly his money and good looks that had agnosticized him; he didn't have to fight for anything, didn't have to ask hard questions." (Here a fictional Richard Nixon is pondering a fictional John Kennedy). Robert Coover, "The Public Burning"

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Alchemize: "to transmute": "His drive to alchemize their ugly pointlessness into deathless prose might better be described as a Faustian bargain." The New York Times, 27 September 2005.

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Amenitized: referring to the extras that rich people expect: "GRAMERCY AT CENTURY CITY-24/365 hyper-amenitized high-rise in the Philippines boasting of features and luxuries never before attempted anywhere else in the World." "Destiny RV Resorts Launches the Nation's First Fully Amenitized RV Resort Collection" "FOR SALE: Fully furnished highly amenitized resort condominium with view of Lake Delavan."

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Anarchize: "The greatest and most noble army of volunteer patriots the world has ever seen [will] become the political engine of some traitor tyrant, who, from a mass of anarchised material will ultimately subject an exhausted and willing population to arbitrary domination!" Josiah Harlan, quoted by Ben Macintyre in "The Man Who Would Be King"

• •

Anonymize: to enable action or communication in which a person's identity has been hidden; Anti-mansionization, meaning to pass zoning laws that forbid the construction of hideous ostentatious mansions on lots designed for urban bungalows. "Sunland-Tujunga was the first Los Angeles community to have an antimansionization ordinance, but LaBonge's motion calls for citywide controls."

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Aristocratize: Aristocratizing the community: Roger Fenton and British photography in the 1850s Title of doctoral thesis by John Welch, at Princeton, 2004.

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Artificialize: "You have to understand, they suck the life out of the set once you're ready to shoot. Okay, quiet now! Quiet! Quiet! Suddenly, they've artificialized the ambience, and this feeling of natural behavior is out." Dustin Hoffman, interviewed in Esquire, November 2007.

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Asylumize: Bad movie, but so much fun to take to the zoo with us when we go there. Yeah, I'm insane. Asylumize me!

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Atheize: to act as an atheist, or to convert to atheism. In a recent article in the New Yorker about Pope John Paul II, the Communist Party in Poland was said to have reacted to the Pope's impending visit by urging its members to strive harder to atheize the impressionable young. "Because of the activation of the Church in Poland our activities designed to atheize the youth not only cannot diminish but must intensely develop."

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Atticize: There ws a special word of sorts for Athenian expansionism in the Greek language, attikizo, "to Atticize", or to become like or join the Athenians. Victor Davis Hanson, "A War Like No Other".

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Attitudinize:

You impersonated, or Attitudinized, as those who pillory you are wont to say, you sang, with another's cry or gaiety in your mouth. Susan Sontag, "The Volcano Lover"
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Audibilize: chosen, presumably for its novelty over "verbalize", is used in He did that, audibilizing the eyebrow thing with "I can't believe it." Elmore Leonard, Pagan Babies, page 153.

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Awfulize: to expect or visualize the worst possibilities. To see the worst aspects of a situation. Using a unique blend of stand-up comedy and stress management advice, Loretta LaRoche cautions us not to catastrophize and awfulize, especially when conditions are not all that extreme anyway. We need to de-awfulize stuttering.

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Bachelorized: returned to the state of bachelorhood: With six films on the way, newly bachelorized Jude Law is a one man British invasion. Cover text for Vanity Fair, October 2004

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Bacterize: to treat, using bacteria. to inoculate with bacteria. Put in some stress coat for now until we know, to protect the fish. Leave the tank alone, but with goldfish, they will bacterize the tank faster than other tropicals.

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Bagelize: to make something more like a bagel; to win while holding your opponent to a score of zero How many English teachers winced at ads for Thomas's Square Bagelbread which carries a headline that urges parents fixing meals for their family members to Bagelize their sandwich. The New York Times, 29 May 2007. Byrd/Locke 9 - Moorman/Westmoreland 0: Smallwood and Stone teamed to bagelize CCV's Ear Moorman and long-time sidekick Doug Westmoreland. Roger [Federer], congratulations on another fine tournament. How about next tournament, you avoid the tiebreakers and just bagelize all your opponents!

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Banalize: seen in the subtitled translated text of a conversation in "The Five Obstructions", and used in Philip Roth's "The Professor of Desire": Hers seems to me sometimes such a banalized conception of self and experience, and yet, all the same, enthralling and full of fascination. And so, in a truly French moment, the Paris city government has begun to push back, proclaiming a crisis of confidence and promising a plan aimed at stopping the banalization of the Champs-Elysees.

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Biologize: Will people come to see themselves as biological automatons bereft of compassion and morality? Will genetics biologize human relationships? Earnest sentiment by the yard, The Smithsonian Magazine, October 2006.

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Borderize: Add the text, flatten, borderize it and bam, here you have it.

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Boswellize: Those of Emerson's biographers who mention Woodbury's book have glanced at it as a poor attempt to Boswellize Emerson.

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Brooklynization: to become a commuting suburb of Manhattan: They are the first wave of what could be Philadelphia's Brooklynization. The New York Times, 14 August 2005.

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Browserize: Google has done a terrific job using AJAX to browserize e-mail. You could webface, or otherwise browserize, your applications and then the links would work quite well.

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Bulgarization: In World War II, Bulgarian occupation troops in Macedonia worked alongside the Nazis. Enforced Bulgarization of the population merely repeated the savagery practiced by the Serb and Greek occupation troops in 1913. Robert Kaplan, "Balkan Ghosts"

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Bulletize: to perform a simple dissection of text into a list of topics, each beginning with a "bullet". While working as a market researcher, my boss once told me to "take the executive summary and bulletize it," offhandedly inventing the word bulletize to describe the act of paring paragraphs down to phrases preceded by bullets. "It [PowerPoint]'s dangerous because it can create the illusion of understanding and the illusion of control," General McMaster said in a telephone interview afterward. "Some problems in the world are not bullet-izable." The New York Times, 26 April 2010.

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Bumpkinized: When the Feds bumpkinized him, they completely wiped out his old identity. Futurama, episode 614, 'The Silence of the Clamps'.

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Bunkerized: They were concrete pillboxes big enough for a man and his gun, an indestructible reminder of the impoverished country's insular mindset. Almost every visible piece of open landscape was bunkerized. Siobhan Darrow, "Flirting with Danger".

• •

Bunyanize: to speak or act in the manner of John Bunyan; to describe in heroic terms, like another Paul Bunyan. Burmanization: In Burma it is the ethnic Burmese who are moe equal than others, and the Burmese government practises a policy of Burmanization in ethnic areas. Emma Larkin, "Finding George Orwell in Burma"

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Calendarize: to schedule; Goal: To ensure and enhance fellowship opportunities in church life, and to develop, implement, and calendarize a variety of family-style activities (i.e. Dinner Eights, life stage connection opportunities, etc.). There is a term in accounting that means to divide some fiscal activity into equal units of time, usually months, within a year. The term is "to calendarize." One can calendarize payments. Some blog authors calendarize their writing either by

not publishing more than one entry a day or not skipping a day in a chain of publication.
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Cancerize: As it stands right now, the bar has taken a turn towards the non-smoking direction, allowing us to cancerize in the downstairs level only.

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Cancunization: They would like to avoid the Cancunization of their country's beaches and forests. Bob Cullen, Smithsonian Magazine, March 2004

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Capturize: There is a lot more I can say about it, but I wanted to capturize the feeling of the last couple of years in my little country.

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Casinoize: This is on the same lines as Amrinder's plan to casinoize Punjab on the lines of Las Vegas. Thankfully, Mrs Sonia Gandhi made him withdraw this plan .

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Casualize: The use of a comma after the name or title immediately casualizex the greeting, whereas the colon conveys a more conservative, powerful image. The New York Times Magazine, 22 October 2006. In corporate America, that was the suit. Then came the casualization of the workplace. Lou Amendola, a senior vice president of Brooks Brothers, quoted in an interview in the Delta Airlines August 2003 in-flight magazine.

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Catastrophize: People tend either to exaggerate or catastrophize this matter. Overheard on a BBC interview, and apparently used in a sense in which "exaggerate" means to over-praise, so that "catastrophize" may be presumed to have been meant to mean "denigrate".

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Catastrophizer: Allen Rucker, a baby boomer with a career as a self-described Hollywood hack, as always "an inveterate catastrophizer", he writes in this slender memoir, anxious of having to repeat high school, of financial ruin, and of one of his sons becoming a terrorist. New York Times Book Review, 21 January 2007.

• •

Chechenization: the delusory strategy of transferring the Chechen War from Russian soldiers to local Chechen militia. Cheerfulize: Syllable multiplication usually occurs also in the euphemisms by which the middle class softens hard facts or cheerfulizes actuality. Paul Fussell, "Class".

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Cinema-zation: A major trend becoming evident this week, as the broadcasters present their 2006-7 schedule to agencies and advertisers, is the "cinema-zation" of prime time network programs. The New York Times, 17 May 2006.

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Classicalize: Dixieland did not in fact die; though like most jazz it became, at least outside New Orleans, classicalised: played in concert halls rather than bars and clubs, to older (and whiter) audiences. The Economist, 30 June 2007.

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Cleverize: If you want to, you can go over it and edit it, and cleverize it yourself .

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Clitorize: a word whose invention and use luridly hints at the nightmares of Ted Turner: Turner is a visionary who wackily rages against being 'clitorized' by Time Warner. From a review of Scott Collins's book "Crazy Like a Fox".

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Cobblerize: Cobblerize: to take a perfectly healthy and delicious fruit and add great amounts of fat and sugar. Esquire, April 2010.

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Coca-Colonization: It is also why the pigs themselves have turned out in such spectacular numbers to acquaint themselves in greater detail with the doctrines of the Frankfurt School before politely inviting Sasha to step into a gruene Minna, which is what Germans call a Black Maria, and ride with them to the nearest police station, where he will be requested with due respect for his constitutional rights under the Basic Law to make a voluntary statement listing names and addresses of his comrades and their plans to cause mayhem and rapine in the highly inflammable half-city of West Berlin, and generally return the world to where it was before it succumbed to the multiple diseases of fasciscm, capitalism, militarism, consumerism, Nazism, Coca-Colonization, imperialism and pseudo-democracy. John Le Carre, "Absolute Friends".

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Colombianization: A policy of Colombianization ensued, supported by Franciscan monks, sent there to convert the Raizals and enforce the use of Spanish. The New York Times, 01 February 2008.

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Coalitionize: There will be no rubber-stamp legislature, and neither any substantial foreign ally we can count on to coalitionize our misdeeds nor conveniently evil enemy to absorb them.

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Comic Bookize: Someone get him over here to my house and I'll tell him my life story so he can comic bookize it and make millions of dollars.

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Committeeize: "When I want something done, I want it done now," Mullins continued. "None of this filibustering and committeeizing. When I say, 'Get that pile of feathers outta here,' it'd better be gone the next time I walk around that outbuilding."

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Commoditize: With low-cost servers tucked under its conveyor belt, Dell's out to commoditize the enterprise. A blurb in "Infoworld", 29 September 2003.

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Condominiumize: Lifted up suddenly out of a subway tunnel on one of the bridges... the metropolitan transit passengers wince at the splendor of the sudden view, of the hotels and emporia of glass and anodized metal which glitter at the city's commercial center, ... of the recently condominiumized warehouses and deserted churches... John Updike, "Roger's Version".

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Condomize: They love it when you condomize them with your mouth. The Governor also hailed World Vision's 'ABc' (Abstinence, Be faithful and condomize as a last resort) approach. "Otherwise you'd be saying 'All human beings in the world should condomize' and there's no births." South African President Jacob Zuma, quoted by Charlayne Hunter-Gault, The New Yorker, 05 July 2010.

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Conservatize: CONSERVATIZE ME: How I Tried to Become a Righty with the Help of Richard Nixon, Sean Hannity, Toby Keith, and Beef Jerky Title of a book by John Moe.

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Continualize: to convert a discrete system to a continuum system: Of particular interest, in our view, is the continualization method by which the authors transform a given microstructural model into a continuous one with constitutive parameters explicitly expressed in terms of the characteristics of the original discrete model.

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Conventionalize:

The peak of Augie's conventionalization took, in terms of outward symbols, the form of his joining us all for a church supper one evening. Peter de Vries, "The Tunnel of Love", 1954.
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Coverize: I need to have (if it is possible) the guitar tabs of Hungry Mother, from the Further album, to coverize it.

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Creolization: Though the slave plantations that spawned most creoles are, fortunately, a thing of the remote past, one episode of creolization occurred recently enought for us to study its principle players. Steven Pinker, "The Language Instinct"

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Cubiclize: Mike is taking over Tisha`s office space and she`s moving into the conference room which they are going to cubiclize.

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Culturize: Failure to culturize results from inadequate recognition of the cultural patterns, cognitions, and values of the people for whom a vision is designed to serve.

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Cynicalized: Last year the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the bestower of Oscar gold, took a calculated risk - some would say a cynicalized risk - by announcing that there would be 10 best picture nominees instead of the usual 5. The New York Times, 04 February 2010.

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Decentize: The Levee was a bit jumpy what with the McCann trial and a new police chief eager to decentize the city, as he put it, but Hinky Dink made the necessary assurances. been properly covered. Karen Abbot, "Sin in the Second City: Madams, Ministers, Playboys, and the Battle for America's Soul"

• •

Definitization: the replacement of the indefinite article "a" by the definite article "the" in a phrase, such as "all of a sudden" becoming "all of the sudden." Demoize: If you feel you can do a demo, but don't have a good bug to demoize, we know of quite a few bugs that haven't yet been properly covered.

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Deseasonalizing: Deseasonalizing the data, also called "seasonal adjustment", is the process of removing recurrent and periodic variations over a short time frame, e.g., weeks, quarters, months.

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Despotized: SUPERMODEL, "DESPOTIZED", SEEKS COMMUNITY SERVICE IN ASSAULT CASE "That's why it's so upsetting that someone who has devoted so much time to charity is being despotized," Mr Breitbart said. The New York Times, 16 November 2006.

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Detectivizing: The problem was that she had given me the wrong password initially. Not that you need to know this, but I'm just saying: she just spent half an hour detectivizing the problem for me. Rex Parker Does the NY Times Crossword Puzzle, 30 October 2010.

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Devonsherise: As one of the ladies at Bath observed, "Lady Eliz. Foster is here all in a tender wee waw high ho! sort of mood with coquettish weeds and demi caractere grief, agreeable and pleasant enough I think when she forgets to Devonsherise her mouth." Amanda Foreman, "Georgianna: Duchess of Devonshire".

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Diarize: to keep a diary; to enter data into a computerized record keeping system; What do you use to diarize? I really need to spruce up my bring forward system and not sure what to use. One hesitates to look under the rock labeled bring forward system!

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Dinnerize: to have dinner; to convert something to a dinner dish I pretty much never see you and that equals pure sadness. so you & me & the kids should dinnerize sometime soon. I now make it for my children and is a nice way to dinnerize hotdogs while also getting your kids to eat some good veggies in the meantime. At Amigos you can also dinnerize an entree which means you can get the entree along with beans and rice at a bit higher price.

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Disincentivized: supposedly secret agent slang for killing or disabling an opponent. The target has been disincentivized. From Episode 6 of the BBC series "MI-5" (originally titled "Spooks").

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Disneyize: If you think Shrek wreaked havoc on the Disneyized version of classic fairy tales, wait til you see "American McGee's Grimm". USA Today, 22 February 2008.

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Dockize: to equip a harbor or river or other area with docks for the mooring of boats. Dollarization: can mean a situation in which a country adopts the American dollar as its currency. This happened in Panama in 1904, and has since been adopted by East Timor, Ecuador, and El Salvador. A similar word is euroization. Dualize: It was while attempting to dualize the concept of projectors that Fitting classes and Fischer subgroups emerged.

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Dukakasize: in an article in the New York Times, Tom Rusk, an Iowa welfare worker, stated that, while he liked the Democratic candidates Howard Dean and Dennis Kucinich, he feared that in the general election they could be "Dukakasized"; someone else said that what the Democrats needed was a candidate who looked good in an M-1 tank. Ebonize: When it comes to architectural style, "as long as it's authentic, I like it." So she ebonized the stodgy parquet floors and swapped out the brass hardware for chrome.

USA Today, 22 February 2008.
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Ecstasize: to be under the influence of Ecstasy. Jack Black, an actor in the reremake of "King Kong": "Me and another member of the case who will remain nameless, just running around, drinking and Ecstasizing, smoking like a chimney."

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Effectivize: "The Clearinghouse is to contribute to and effectivize knowledge on children, young people and media violence, seen in the perspective of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child."

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Ellipsization: a feature of word processing software which can automatically truncate long text and append three dots to indicate the shortening. Sometimes the infoprints get quite large and long, it would be nice to print the most important info and then ellipsize rest if it does not fit well.

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Emiratization: the United Arab Emirates, which relies on foreigners to do most non-governmental jobs, is now pursuing a policy of emiratization, terminating the contracts of certain nonnative jobholders, such as secretaries and human resources managers, in the expectation that the resultant vacancies will be filled by locals whose inability to do the job and distaste for taking it will hardly inconvenience anyone. Eponymize: I immediately thought of what seemed to me the ideal song to use as the ground for this bit of playfulness: Paul Simon's "A Simple Desultory Philippic". It's already a celebration of genericization, since it genericizes or eponymizes a lot of people's names. You remember: I've been Norman Mailered, Maxwell Taylored... Michael Swaine, Dr Dobb's Journal, November 2006.

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Epsilonize: (in writing a short note to a friend describing a diagram in which walls were infinitesimally thin, I mentioned that I might have to epsilonize them, that is, make them very small but not zero. It then occurred to me that I couldn't have been the first to barbarize the Greek alphabet!) How one chooses to epsilonize a given formula, and in particular the order in which variables are replaced with epsilon-functions, may affect what the functions themselves are as well as their arity.

Becker Smith, The Hilbert Epsilon-Operator and its Significance for Metamathematics, PhD Thesis, University of Colorado, 2005. By the way, "arity" is not a mistake.
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Eventize: to make an occurrence, such as the release of a book, movie, or video grame, seem momentous or exciting. We really need to eventize the hell out of this new release. "in the public mind, opening weekends have been eventized," said Thomas Tull, the chairman of Legendary Pictures and an executive producer of "The Dark Knight." The New York Times, 09 July 2008.

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Fast-Foodize: Jamaican Company Hopes to Americanize, Fast-Foodize Native Cuisine. The Miami Herald, 30 May 2002.

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Faulknerized: The teacher was already reading Crabtree's story aloud, which was his favored way of having us "experience" a story, and it didn't take me long to recognize that I was hearing, not a garbled and badly Faulknerized rehash of an obscure gothic horror story by an unknown writer, but the original "Sister of Darkness", the clear, lean, unexcitable prose of August Van Zorn himself. Michael Chabon, "The Wonder Boys"

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Federalized: officially existent, bureaucratically enabled. When the doctors asked why they couldn't help the critically ill people lying there unattended, Mr Criswell recalled, the FEMA people kept saying, "You're not federalized."

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Ferberization: a heartless method of treating babies which requires parents to leave them unattended when they cry in bed at night, on the assumption that they will eventually lapse into despair, which is quieter. "In a nutshell, Ferberization entails putting your baby in her crib, kissing her goodnight and walking out of the room. She'll cry, of course. After five minutes, you walk in and reassure her, then walk out again. This time you wait ten minutes. You repeat this, adding five minutes between return visits. It sounds cruel."

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Fiat-ization: The Fiat-Ization of the American Male. Salon Magazine, 11 June 2009.

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Figurize: Well, may I suggest that while, ultimately, on some unconscious level, that COULD all be true, it could JUST AS EASILY be true that the symbol of the Enneagram is ultimately, merely FUNCTIONAL! For this "Felix", it is not some supernatural icon that I worship blindly; it's JUST a handy illustration of the truth (as I see it)--like the "love triangle", a visual used to figurize a romantic state of being. visits. It sounds cruel."

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Filmization: the (usually uninspired) filming of a stage play. "If you have a yen for a pedestrian filmization of a three-character play that comes across like a watered-down combination of Sam Shepard and David Mamet, check out Richard Linklater's 'Tape'."

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Filmizing is a process by which productions shot on videotape can be made to appear as though they had been recorded on film Financialize: Catastrophe bonds do something even odder: they financialize storms. The New York Times Sunday Magazine, 26 August 2007.

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Fingerize: "Next I would fingerize it. By that I mean press finger on top of solder pads, without bending the board, repeating throughout the board. Sometimes that will localize a problem."

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Fletcherize: to chew one's food 100 times, as advocated by Horace Fletcher, the "Great Masticator" who, at the (previous) turn of the century, was as well known a food fetishist as Kellogg. "Dinner table conversation came to a halt once the meal was served, as all were advocates of Horace's program and were wont to Fletcherize."

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Folderization:

"When I get on these surfing kicks and download a lot of stuff to my desktop for later folderization, I notice that after I have several hundred things, page loading slows way down even if I clear the cache frequently."
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Fordization: Germans believe in a modified kind of Fordization called "rationalization." A rationalizer gives his men better tools and machinery, drives them harder, but does not pay higher wages unless forced to do so. Time Magazine, 07 April 1930.

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Futurize: "When set in an global context, the development of a vision requires two important skills: the abilities to culturize and to futurize." Futurizing Business Education an article by Paul Bracken in "The Futurist Magazine", July-August 2008.

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Gadgetization: Gadgetization has even invaded the airline-mag category of "executive" selfimprovement and motivational tools. In the ad for Successories, "your complete source for workplace motivation, inspiration and recognition," the magazine features the "Power of Attitude Pen Holder."

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Gallonizer: "These gallonizers have done a great deal of mischief by bringing their trash before the public and calling it wine." Quoted by Paul Collins in "Banvard's Folly".

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Gawkerization: the debasement of people into gawkers, through the development of a culture based on the constant observation of celebrities. In an article in the online Slate magazine for 27 June 2005, called "Tom Cruise, Inc", Edward Jay Epstein begins: "The total 'gawkerization' of Hollywood, entertaining as it may be to the public (and journalists), blots out much of the reality underlying the movie business."

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Genderize: Why Do We Need to Genderize?. Women's Literature in High School.

The name is parsed first. Then the given name is genderized. Why do people genderize relationship issues? How do you genderize a cat? A really fluffy, long-haired cat. "What we're seeing is the genderization of the category," said Kevin George, a general manager at Unilever, whose brands include Degree and Axe. The New York Times, 17 August 2009.
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Genericize: to make something generic; to generalize. The process by which a brand name works free from its original usage and is applied to an entire class of items; the creation of a generic version of a drug. Also, an object-oriented coding technique. "I started out trying to genericize without gimplification, but it turned out to be rather complicated, largely because you still sometimes need to generate temps. You could just add them directly to the outermost BIND_EXPR, but that doesn't work if we haven't already genericized. So I'm punting for now."

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Georgianized: It was not possible to wheel the trolley into the honeymoon suite for the proper silver service on account of a two-step difference in level between it and the corridor, a consequence of poor planning when the Elizabethan farmhouse was Georgianized in the mid-eighteenth century. Ian McEwan, "On Chesil Beach"

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Gevaltize: "In certain precincts of the Jewish community, a person who insists that the sky is falling, despite ample evidence to the contrary, is said to gevaltize - a neologism derived from the famous Yiddish cry of shock or alarm." The New York Times Sunday Magazine, 14 January 2007

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Ghettoize: "One wonders, reading them, whether their troubled men have been created as a form of homage to writers like Roth, Updike, and Bellow, or whether they betray a certain anxiety of seriousness: that up-and-coming and even established female authors, fearful of their work being ghettoized, place male characters at the center of their works."

The New York Times Book Review, 20 May 2007.
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Gitmo-ize: to do things like they do at the US military base at Guantanamo, Cuba. "Another agent sent a colleague an e-mail message saying he had seen reports that a general from Guantanamo had gone to Abu Ghraib to 'Gitmo-ize' it." The New York Times, 06 January 2005.

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Glamorization: "Bruce Kobrin runs the site Touch of Glamour, with his wife, Natalya, an artist who trained in painting natural scenes on porcelain in St Petersburg. They specialize in glamorization, a process that includes standard effects like cleaning up the skin or trimming a few inches from the waist, as well as less obvious effects like reshaping parts of the face. They will enlarge lips, straighten teeth, rebuild eyelashes, whiten eyes and fix the shape of eyebrows." The New York Times, 26 April 2007.

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Glocalization: ..."glocalization", the official respect for (or colonization of) local cultural ecologies that is one of the contemporary features of international business. The New Yorker, 26 December 2005/02 January 2006:

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Googlization: The Googlization of Everything: Life in an Algorithmic Age A lecture given at Virginia Tech, 1 February 2008, by Siva Vaidhyanathan. "The Googlization of Everything (and Why We Should Worry)" a book by Siva Vaidhyanathan, published in March 2011.

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Grammaticalization: "In this case, a 'content word' (one that means something) has become a 'function word' (one that has a grammatical function but little actual meaning). Academics call the process grammaticalization. It's one of the ways language changes." Patricia O'Conner, The New York Times Sunday Magazine, 15 July 2007.

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Guantanamo-izing: How "enemy creep" is Guantanamo-izing the U.S. A headline in Salon online magazine, 29 March 2011.

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Haitianization: Haitianization is what Dominicans call the negative influence that poor Haitians bring to their side of the island. The New York Times, ? September 2007.

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Halliburtonize: to emulate the romantic traveler and explorer Richard Halliburton: "Look, Al, you and I had a going concern. We could take almost anything that happened and turn it into a personal adventure, like comic book heroes. Birdboy and Superboy playing at life. We just Halliburtonized our way through everything." William Wharton, "Birdy".

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Hamletize: to hesitate; to delay; to prefer not to act He belonged to the majority. Later, it was his Hamletizing friends who turned out to have been in the majority. Andrez Szczypiorski, "The Beautiful Mrs Seidenman"

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Hamptonization: I started scooping [ice cream] at Big Olaf in 1985. Sag Harbor, on the East End of Long Island, was still early in its Hamptonization. The New York Times Magazine, 17 July 2006.

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Han-ize: culturally absorbed into the dominant Han culture of China. A Chinese diplomat was quoted: "We don't have an Inner Mongolia problem. Most of the Inner Mongolian population has been Han-ized." The New York Times, 26 November 2004.

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Hannibal Lecterize:

Gretchen is the foxy killer who Hannibal Lecterizes her way through a derivative, sadistic book that somehow aspires to the debonair. The New York Times, 03 September 2007.
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Hamsterize: a business practice in which, rather than paying top dollar to have a job done right, it is given to a group of low-paid and poorly-regarded employees who are expected to be able to hash it out somehow; the deployment of aboveground pedestrian walkways that look like the plastic tubes used for hamsters: Prepare for the hamsterization of South Tryon Street. In case you were optimistic that the sidewalks at the southern end of uptown might finally start to blossom with pedestrians and the attractions that sprout where pedestrian traffic is high, instead we get - hamster tunnels.

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Harrodizing: to shop at Harrod's: She never bought more than two at a time, and would have preferred to buy one by one, so as to have additional occasions for Harrodizing, only pillow-slips were as inevitably paired as kippers. Margery Sharp, in "The Sun in Scorpio".

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Harvard-ize: in an article in the New York Times, Cornel West is quoted as saying: When Charles Hamilton Houston takes over the deanship in 1929 at Howard, he tries to Harvard-ize it.

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Hemingwayize: David Remnick, in an article titled "The Translation Wars", quotes a translator named Pevear: "Garnett breaks things into simple sentences, she Hemingwayizes Dostoevsky, if you see what I mean." The New Yorker, 07 November 2005.

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Herborize: I am making an English garden on the grounds of the palace at Caserta, said the Cavaliere, ever eager to herborize, as soon as the poet had finished. Susan Sontag, "The Volcano Lover"

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Hierarchize:

"The reign of these non-writers makes our newspapers read like the food in The New York Times cafeteria tastes. It was as if, in football, only bad players were allowed to become coaches. Indifference to language thus becomes hierarchized." Nora Sayre, "On the Wing".
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Hindu-ized: It [Islam] is but one element of Bangladesh's rich, heavily Hindu-ized cultural stew. Robert Kaplan, The Atlantic, January/February 2008.

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Hollywoodization: in an article in the New York Times, the playwright Oren Sadie remarked: Now, every city hoping to attract tourists goes shopping for the most famous, most up-to-date architect, who gets carte blanche to do whatever he or she wants. It is the Hollywoodization of architecture. (...with extra points for the redundant repetition of "carte blanche".) An article in the online magazine SLATE discusses the Sundance Film Festival: Prompted perhaps by Peter Biskind's gossipy history of indie film, which focuses on Sundance and Miramax, many commentators noted the Hollywoodization of the festival.

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Hooverize: the implementation of a volunary program of rationing or reduced eating, intended to make more food available for soldiers and relief operations; this program was established by Herbert Hoover during the First World War, and despite his objections, became colloquially known by his name. Thereafter, it came to mean any kind of scrimping or economizing on food. Horribilize: When we continually horribilize, awfulize, etc. about small or big situations it will eventually lead one to be dysfunctionally depressed.

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Howard Johnsonization: Prole drift is another term for what [Paul] Blumberg calls the Howard Johnsonization of America. Paul Fussell, "Class".

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Iconized:

It would be cool to be able to iconize pictures of friends (for free or a modest price) and send it to them. Anyone know of other graphic conversion programs? When the user clicks on an iconized (minimized) form in the taskbar, Windows sends that form a WM_QUERYOPEN message, and inspects the value returned.
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Immanentize: a term from philosophy and theology meaning to make something real or substantial that was previously implicit or potential. A mocking slogan by William F Buckley, pleading that we stop people who wish to bring about Heaven on Earth, was: Don't let THEM immanentize the Eschaton.

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Incentivize: used in an NPR report on a Massachusetts program in which a public mental health care program was carried out by private companies, and in the promotional brochure of a large British law firm: We also believe that tax rules can play a positive role in incentivizing investors. Of course, this must be a word now that disincentivized has shown up!

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Indigenization: used in an article in Harper's Magazine about Zimbabwe: Robert Mugabe called for the indigenization of the economy.

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Insectivize: to study dispassionately, as though an insect: Having had his way with the American male, Kinsey now insectivizes the American female.

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Insiderization: The China lessons suggest that when MNCs seek to dominate in a market that contributes 10% or more to its global sales, profit or assets, they need to move beyond local responsiveness toward strategic insiderization, characterized by the aforementioned value chain localization, adaptive diversification and local competence building.

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Interdigitization: used, by analogy with the interlocking of the fingers, to describe situations in which groups of people live in close proximity without mingling. Then used by bastardizing vulgarization to mean any mixing of anything, losing the point of the analogy. His set of observations on the interdigitization of law, technology, and culture disrupted a pattern of laying the onus of responsibility on technology.

Finally, as a strategic matter, the discussion of interdigitization among SUNY institutions should arise from negotiations with SUNY Central and not be offered unilaterally.
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Ipodization: referring to Apple Computer Corporation's attractively designed iPod music player: The Apple spin, however, involves the iPodization of the flash player. The New York Times, 13 January 2005; Devotion to just one music form, like punk music, was increasingly a thing of the past. "It's the iPodization of culture," Ms Stellin said. The New York Times, 17 July 2005.

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Iraqization: the delusory strategy that there is an Iraqi army to which the responsibility of containing the current insurrection can be handed. With Iraqization comes the implied promise of U.S. troop withdrawal that never quite happens but calms discontent back home.

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ironize: to treat with irony; to convert to iron; to paint or treat in such a way that something looks like iron If such Jews could ironize and repudiate their heritage, why should the outsiders not do so? George Steiner, "My Unwritten Books"

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Issueize: to turn a complaint or grievance into an "issue", that is, an item to be actively debated. Northerners keep trying to issueize culture, but it just doesn't work.

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Japanize: used in an New York Times article about the General Association of Korean Residents of Japan, in which one official stated: The younger generation have been Japanized.

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Johnsonised I have Johnsonised the land; and I trust they will not only talk, but think, Johnson. James Boswell, happily remarking on the sales of his "Life of Samuel Johnson".

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Journalize: can mean "to write regularly in one's personal journal"; but in a BBC interview, former hostage John McCarthy described his current life as "just journalizing", meaning acting as a journalist, and writing for publication. Kittenize: (I was expecting the meaning of turning a piece of software into a "pet", but I half think we're talking here about making something into a "kit", not a "kitten"...) For example kittenizing SHARE turned out to be very pointless waste of RAM and disk space (hardly any messages anyway). I would suggest to kittenize tools which are interactive and which are used more than once per boot only.

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Kosherization: the conversion of something dirty, repulsive, or objectionable into something that can be regarded as wholesome: - suddenly he's Abe Lincoln and Chaim Weizmann in one! Could this be what he wanted, this kosherization, this stenchlessness? Philip Roth, "The Counterlife", page 219.

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Kurdicize: used in a quotation in a New York Times article about ethnic unrest in Kirkuk, Iraq: The Kurds are trying to Kurdicize Kirkuk.

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Lebanon-ization: the disintegration of a country into feuding religious sects, used as a subtitle in an article: The Lebanon-ization of Iraq continues, with a few interruptions. The New York Times, 22 August 2004.

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Letterize: to convert a numeric sequence to a literal mnemonic by choosing letters from the telephone dial. Levelize: to group students by ability levels; to make things even; to adjust content for a particular level; Want to levelize payments on your energy bills? The problem that I faced, then, was that I wanted to start writing essays, but didn't know enough about the dependencies to levelize the essays

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Lexiconised: Thirdly, that they [fingerprints] admit of being so classified or lexiconised, that when a set of them is submitted to an expert, it would be possible for him to tell,

by reference to a suitable dictionary, or its equivalent, whether a similar set had already been registered. Francis Galton, quoted by Martin Brooke in "Extreme Measures".
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Literalize: clumsily misformed to mean "embodies" or "makes concrete". This is from a review of a television show: "Kevin Hill", a show that literalizes the problem faced by ambitious New Yorkers who have migrated from out of town. The New York Times, 29 September 2004.

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Literalization: to create a thing out of what is really only a figure of speech; "Untitled" is not a literalization of what is, in fact, a very old metaphor, that selling art is prostitution. Andrea Fraser, modern artist whose latest work allowed a patron to be videotaped having sex with her for an hour, for $20,000. Literalized in the movie, the material is closer to a high-toned ghost story. The New Yorker, 04 January 2010.

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Lobsterizing: "You're in hot water! You're lobsterizing!" Capitol Hill intern Chad, in "In the Loop".

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Los Angelization: the replacement of meaningful historical architecture by bland modern structures; Other Meier critics have lamented the Los Angelization of Rome. Smithsonian magazine, October 2005.

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Lunarized: An hour later, as the full moon was rising, the Cavaliere arrived in a village on a lower slope which lay half silted up under black scoriae and dust, shriveled with heat. The moon rose higher. The dark, dented, scaly village turned pale lunarized. Susan Sontag, "The Volcano Lover".

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Lutheranize: But whilst any Protestant can Lutheranize in this way now, not many would attempt to Bunyanize in the following manner:-... From Robert Philip's introduction to John Bunyan's "The Greatness of the Soul", 1846.

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LVMH-ization: Call it the LVMH-ization of cooking. Truffles have become a luxury brand, one that connotes a way of life as much as a style of cooking. The New York Times, 16 May 2007.

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Macro-ize: In C, the mere problem of squaring is hard enough. You will sometimes see us macro-ize the operation as #define SQR(a) ((a)*(a)) Preiss, Teukolsky, Vetterling, Flannery, "Numerical Recipes in C".

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Macyize: But protests now seem remote as company officials prepare, in their words, to Macyize 400 stores on September 9. The New York Times, 26 August 2006.

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Mansionized: of houses ludicrously overbuilt for the purpose of ostentation: Should houses be built three stories high, so water can rush through a ground floor devoted to storage and garage space? It could result in mansionizing everything in the area. The New York Times, 17 October 2005.

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Marbleized: James Wilson's name is not usually mentioned in the same breath with some of the more marbleized of the Constitution's Framers. Kenneth Davis, "America's Hidden HIstory".

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Marketization: the transformation of an economy into one in which goods are freely offered for sale and prices are bargained for: It speaks to the marketization of North Korea, especially since economic reforms were implemented in 2002. The New York Times, 19 October 2006.

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Masterize: DrStein99 uses cutting edge technology to record, edit and masterize the art of real life performances, into a recorded down and edited work.

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McDonaldization: used in the title of a book, The McDonaldization of Society by George Ritzer. McNuggetized: We Gap victims, on the other hand, fast-forwarded to an entirely McNuggetized world of dweeb-free, standardized consumable units. Douglas Coupland, "Microserfs".

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Medicalize: to dilute or erase the moral or criminal stigma of an action by casting it as the result of an illness or medical condition: Rule 1 of rehab, as you may recall, is to take "full responsibility" so you can make excuses without explicitly doing so...Rules 4, 5, and 7 are to call yourself an alcoholic (since it sounds better than pervert, bigot, or felon), duck into rehab, and medicalize your sins. From an article in Slate magazine on Congressman Mark Foley.

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Mediocritize: Because it can't afford better, Berkeley (like Harvard, like hundreds of other libraries) is paying OCLC not to improve but to denature and often to mediocritize its records of old and out-of-print material. Nicholson Baker, "Essays and Other Lumber".

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Memoization: A simple algorithm called HashLife, invented by William Gosper, combines quadtrees and memoization to yield astronomical speedup to the Game of Life. Dr Dobbs Journal, April 2006.

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Meteorize: Reverend Wesley's phrase about overdressed style-wigs "Like Hairy Meteors glimm'ring through a Cloud" may supply a hint as to what Pope is doing: he's snipping Garth's locks in The Rape of the Lock, but because he is writing a better poem than The Dispensary, Pope's appropriations will immortalize and meteorize the wiggy victim (Garth) who would otherwise be forgotten. Nicholson Baker, "Essays and Other Lumber".

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Metricize: "...The loss was ascertained to be three-fourths of an ounce." Which is, yes, twenty-one grams. Hollywood metricized its reference to the event for the simple reason that 21 Grams sounds better. Who's going to go see a movie called Point Seven Five Ounces? Mary Roach, "Spook: Science Tackles the Afterlife"

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Millionize: Millionize your lashes for a Mega, Maxed-out look! Advertisement for "Voluminous Million Lashes" cosmetic.

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Minoanization: John Pendlebury, describing Crete as a world power, wrote of the extension of her empire to the North, over the Mainland and islands, and of the Minoanization of the Mainland. Dilys Powell, 'The Villa Ariadne'.

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Missionize: Eastern Apaches in what is now Texas were even missionized briefly in the eighteenth century.

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Modelize: mathematically, to form a simplified or abstract model of some process or object, which more easily admits of analysis. From the mathematical point of view, one can modelize this distribution by supposing that it is a periodic one. From "An Introduction to Homogenization", by Doina Cioranescu and Patrizio Donato, ...but surely model would be superior and more fluent.

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Modelize: in the demimonde, to seek out the company of brand-name fashion models. Jay McInerney piously distanced himself from his image, "A coke-snorting, modelizing, nightclubbing bad boy..." The New York Times Sunday Magazine, 05 February 2006. The happy hand-modelizing prankster with a heart of gold had morphed into a Blackberry-wielding deal maker. "Fast Company", February 2008, in an article about Mike Rowe, who apparently spent some time socializing with hand models, people hired to hold or display merchandise, whose hands were neat and attractive.

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Monsterization: a process in which tabloid newspapers destroy the hitherto glamorous image of a celebrity, producing a cascade of reports that portray the person as a lunatic, a pervert, a fiend, or some other "monster". It can also refer to the process in which a Hollywood script is savagely rewritten, with subtleties replaced by caricatures, to appeal to a mass audience. Heather Mills is now undergoing what is known as the monsterization process. The company that purchased the script then put it through the monsterization process and that is where it has remained for the past six years.

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Montanize: to adhere to the tenets of Montanus, an early heretic. Again, when Tertullian, together with such as were his followers, began to Montanize, and, pretending to perfect the severity of Christian discipline, brought in sundry unaccustomed days of fasting, continued their fasts a great deal longer, and made them more rigorous than the use of the church had been; the minds of men being somewhat moved at so great and sudden novelty, the cause was presently inquired into. Richard Hooker, "Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity".

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Motherize: It has even been argued that many of the practices that the Bible enjoins upon men are precisely intended to motherize men: to limit or dissolve their mastery and their activism lest it swallow up and destroy the world. For example, it may be that the biblical command that fathers circumcise their boy children was intended to motherize both the father and son.

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Musical Theaterize:

Presley sang every imaginable kind of music, from gospel and rock 'n' roll to blues and novelty tunes. This is not an attempt to musical theaterize Elvis, but to capture his adventurous musical spirit.
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Musicalize: The best reading he ever attended for a musical, for instance, was for 'The Goodbye Girl', which he produced on Broadway in 1993 and which flopped. "We had not musical-ized the story," he recalled. "It didn't have transition. It didn't have dancing." The New York Times, 27 May 2007.

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Museumize: Several chapters make strikingly clear how the children of indigenous peoples have to cope with state policies that tend to museumize the culture of their parents.

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Muzak-alized: a process in which raw musical material is prettied up and made bland so as to appeal (weakly) to a wide audience. Ben Brantley reviewed a musical: This drippy version of his [John Lennon's] life, written and directed with equal clunkiness by Don Scardino and featuring a Muzak-alized assortment of Lennon's non-"Beatles" songs, suggests that he was just a little lost boy looking for love in all the wrong places until he found Ms Ono and discovered his inner adult. The New York Times, 15 August 2005.

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Napsterization: Given the importance of "Napsterization" to copyright today, it is hard not to feel cheated by this tease of a conclusion. Adam Cohen, reviewing a book by Lawrence Lessig.

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Narrativizing: Life before the narrative takes over is life. They try to fill with their words the enormous chasm between the act itself and the narrativizing of it. And you listen and rush to write it down and ruin it with your rotten fictionalizing. Philip Roth, "Deception".

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Naturalized: as heard on an NPR radio discussion of the video exchange website YouTube: Youth are more naturalized to network technology I want to respond, quoting the Princess Bride, that "I do not think that word means what you think it means!"

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Non-decisionize: Facing the issues of collective act, human beings tend to stabilize or nondecisionize them, especially when this issue is the presumption and foundation of other issues..

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Nuggetize: I've been Nuggetized! The slogan on boxes of McDonald's Chicken McNuggets.

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Noodle-ize: Only with tissue harvesting, which often includes leg and arm bones, does the body take on a slightly altered profile, and in this case, PVC piping or dowels are inserted to normalize the form and make life easier for mortuary staff and others who need to move the otherwise somewhat noodle-ized body. Mary Roach, in "Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers."

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Obituarize: They don't just obituarize the outstanding citizens of the United Kingdom and the big world figures. Marilyn Johnson, in "The Dead Beat."

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Operationalize: to carry out, to implement, or, in short, to "do": "That's a good goal," said Senator Hillary Clinton recently about the Bush doctrine to rid the world of tyranny, "now how do you operationalize that in a sensible way?"

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Oprah-ization: "I don't even recognize the British anymore, wailing in the streets like that," my mother said. She called it the Oprah-ization of the entire world.

Siobhan Darrow, "Flirting with Danger".
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Oprah-tized: Mind you, some things really are different in our Oprah-tized, confessional, postfeminist cultural landscape. Andrew O'Hehir, Salon Magazine, 11 November 2010.

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Otherize: None of this was true, but it had the desired effect. First, as the post-colonial theorists would say, it "otherized" the Muslims. Joan Acocella, reviewing two books on the Crusades in The New Yorker, 13 December 2004.

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Over-Missionised: Anyhow, I am not set on Ararat, which is a disagreeable mountain, and will be infested with Seventh Day Adventists waiting for the Coming. For all we know, they will be holding services too. Armenia - perhaps the whole of Anatolia - is over-missionised, and I shall say so in my report. Rose Macaulay, "The Towers of Trebizond"

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Over-paradigmize: Still, Latin Americanists will welcome this addition to the scholarly literature on Colombia, and will forgive its author's tendency to over-paradigmize elements of an exceedingly complex national history.

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Oysterize: "Oysters for everyone!" he boomed expansively. "I promise to oysterize all of South London." The New York Times, 01 April 2008.

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Packagize: to organize and standardize a set of objects so that they form logical units of a package. The image gallery software is written and functional. I need to finish writing the interface documentation and packagize it though.

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Packetize:

Never in the annals of business have so many great enterprises raced their wheels so violently in the cause of a vision: video beamed over telephone wires; telephone calls digitized and packetized over television cable; data and interactivity everywhere. James Gleick, "What Just Happened".
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Palestinianization: THE END OF PAX AMERICANA? We're seeing the Palestinianization of Sinai, and the Lebanonization of Egypt. Slate.com, 14 February 2008

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Palestinization: ...the revival of that war in the late nineties has, until now, resulted only in - as Russians say - the 'Palestinization' of Chechnya. David Remnick, The New Yorker. While Arafat favors the palestinization of guerilla operations - meaning Palestinian fedayeen conducting armed raids inside Israel and Israeli-occupied territories only - Dr Habash supports international attacks, often in collaboration with other terrorist groups. George Jonas, "Vengeance".

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Palletize: You should coordinate with us the time you palletize so that we have a commitment for a pick-up so you do not have a pallet sitting in your garage or at the location that has donated space for too long.

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Palomaization: At one point, Mr [Ray] Johnson announced that he had emblazoned images of Paloma Picasso on some collages, and that "Palomaization" meant, of course, that he would have to double his prices. The New York Times, 11 February 2007.

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Paperize: printed on paper; documented; processed into a paper-like form; printed

The new provision permits the MOF [Ministry of Finance] to have any other paperized (i.e., certificated) instrument designated as a security under item 11, unless the transferability of the instrument is restricted or, for instance, the instrument is governed by a different statute concerning investor protection (typically administered by a different ministry). What most people possess outside the West is not represented (or paperized) in such a way as to produce capital. Examples of removable stabilizer material include, but are not limited to, water soluble plastic, heat soluble cloth and paperized fabric. Even though every comic in The Story of Eh is a brand new Mojo adventure, here are some past Mojo cartoons for those of you who want to browse outdated, unpaperized comics! Even his one suit, old and dirty, comes back from the cleaners paperized: "The process of cleaning had so shocked the fabric that it was now broken on the creases, papery and crumbling in his hand like the wing of a dead butterfly."
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Pathologization: But there are other reasons for what one might call the pathologization of Sylvia Plath. Cristina Nehring, in a bookreview, The Atlantic Monthly, April 2004. But the marketing of the 'mommy makeover' seeks to pathologize the postpartum body, characterizing pregnancy and childbirth as maladies with disfiguring aftereffects that can be repaired with the help of scalpels and cannulae. The New York Times, 04 October 2007.

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Pedestrianisation: A pedicab borrowed from a friend for a conference on pedestrianisation in 1990 got Steve Meyer pedaling what is now a fast-moving business. The Economist, 21 April 2007.

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Peopleization: inhabitation; privatization; humanization; the degeneration of magazines towards the model of "People": In Sri Lanka, the term peopleization is popularly used to describe the popular participation process in privatization.

You also come away with an appreciation of how destructive the peopleization of Florida is to the natural resources. The basic idea of peopleizing your web is to humanize the net and recreate the sense of doing business with people you know something about, rather than faceless computers.
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Permanentize: to make something permanent Japan and the United States should permanentize the strategic dialogue for jointly analyzing the military-oriented threats and risks by sharing the strategic intelligence, and researching the strategy and military readiness to deter and respond to these threats. Across the street, there is a subdivision of off-white, permanentized double-wides that, rather obviously, began its career as a trailer park. Dave Hickey, Harper's Magazine, September 2006.

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Persianize: During my first years abroad - when I was in school in England and Switzerland, and later, when I lived in America, I attempted to shape other places according to my concept of Iran. I tried to Persianize the landscape and even transferred for a term to a small college in New Mexico, mainly because it reminded me of home. Azar Nafisi, in "Reading Lolita in Tehran"

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Petascalization: the adaptation of computer algorithms and programs to the availabilty of clusters of processors which can, when used properly, produce numeric performance measurable in PetaFLOPS. Some Remaining Challenges: Efficiency Petascalization. From a scientific presentation by Roger Ghanem, 16 August 2007.

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Petrarchizing: Herself an irreproachable spouse, she never took lovers, heard Petrarchizing gallants with indifference, refused to take part in the cabals the former mistresses of the Viceroy formed amongst themselves, and singled out from among her entourage neither confidantes nor favorites. Marguerite Yourcenar, "Two Lives and a Dream"

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Physicalize: to add gestures, actions and physical humor to an acting part. Interviewed in a short feature about the Prairie Home Companion movie, Kevin Kline said: Garrison was very generous in allowing me to physicalize in any way I saw fit.

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Pillarization: With the emergence in the 1880's of a Socialist party that sought to control the growing industrial working class, the pillarization of Belgium into liberal, Catholic and Socialist "families" was complete. Tony Judt, "Reappraisals".

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Plastic-Surgerize: to have a doctor slice, dice and resplice you so that you can imagine you're beautiful. The urge to plastic-surgerize (that work exists in my dictionary, ok?) is back again and I want a new face. A tummy tuck, lipo here and there, and even boob enhancements doesn't sound too bad as well. Somebody stop me!

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Platformization: means that when you can't sell first-rate hardware, you sell combinations of your second-rate hardware that do something together: Platformization "means the convergence of computing and communications" says chief technical officer Patrick Gelsinger. Technology Review, February 2005.

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Pornographized: Pop in 2010 is thoroughly pornographized and tattoo-demented. James Parker, The Atlantic, June 2010.

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Porno-ize: whose meaning must be inferred from a remark by Judith Regan, publisher, on why she expects a good deal of attention from the respectable press for a book she's publishing on the life of a porno star The culture has become much more porno-ized.

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Pop Culture-ization: With the pop culture-ization of the fragrance aisle, it's hard to make a hit scent linger.

The New York Times Magazine, 22 October 2006
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PowerPointized: How do professors think? They think in highfalutin abstractions. They think in footnotes and references. Some think in hypotheses and theorems; some are always critiquing. Others don't think at all: They just read old notes that they have PowerPointized. Philip Davis, SIAM News, January/February 2010.

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Pre-canonicalize: in computer science, there are cases where there are essentially many ways of "spelling" the same object, although a standard or "canonical" form has been chosen. To "canonicalize" data is to examine it, and replace each nonstandard item by its canonical representation. To "pre-canonicalize" data is to do this in advance of the main computation. In that case, it would be worthwhile to pre-load and pre-canonicalize the entire dictionary.

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Problematize: a current academic fad of reading a text in a new (and unnatural and tendentious) way that opens up unharvested fields of idle speculation. This word came up and was defined in the consideration of an analysis of "The Great Gatsby" in which it was argued that Jay Gatsby was a black man trying to pass himself off as white. Productize: which I've frequently heard, used in the sense of turning something into a commodity; I listed to a lecturer who declared: IBM has not found a reason to productize this utility.

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Prussianize: Now he would have the entire Russian army submitted to such drill masters, and so Prussianized in good earnest. Gladys Scott Thomson, "Catherine the Great and the Expansion of Russia".

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Pubertize: Aaron's expectations for the future are basic. At Abingdon High he can opt out of gym for all but one year, giving him the opportunity to pubertize before again subjecting himself to locker room scrutiny. Myla Goldberg, "Bee Season".

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Punditize: used by A O Scott in a New York Times Magazine article:

The Sundance Film Festival offers a yearly opportunity to punditize on the death of the independent film in America.
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Pushtunization: to replace people by ethnic Pushtuns. From a profile of Afghan president Hamid Karzai: Afterwards, Tajiks angrily accused him of having "Pushtunized" his administration by removing Northern Alliance men from their government jobs. The New Yorker, 06 June 2005.

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Putinization: the hollowing out of the formally liberal political structure of a state: South Africa was becoming a de facto one party state, at great risk of what he called "Putinization".

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Re-Bacherlorize: Corzine won't re-bachelorize us if court says 'I do' to equality

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Rectangularization: in reference to human mortality. Historically, the survival curve was a rounded S shape. With improvements in health and safety, it is now roughly true that everyone stays alive until a certain age, when they all drop dead. As this becomes closer to the truth, the mortality curve becomes rectangularized. Rectangularization of human survival curves is associated with decreasing variability in the distribution of ages at death.

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Reliabilize: Is there any other options I can do to reliabilize the router's wireless connection to the Internet and reduce the invisible connection drop? risk of what he called "Putinization".

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Researchize: In Australia, there are too many conferences at which education practitioners researchize their practice. This is the sort of thing that does not impress our traditional physics colleagues who prefer to give credence to research-based work than to practice-based work.

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Resecretization / Desecretization:

Today, conversations with nearly two dozen historians point to a worrisome tightening that has kept key archives closed and subjected others to unpredictable re-secretization. The New York Times Book Review, 22 April 2007. As someone who has worked with the documents of both countries, I can attest that Washington has never de-secretized. important and historical holdings in the first place. The New York Times Book Review, Letter to the Editor, 06 May 2007.
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Retrodigitization: is a marvelously manufactured word, which refers to the scanning, digitization, and posting on the web of books, newspapers and journals that were printed before the age of electronic publishing. Imagine you publish a mathematical journal (your local Mathematical Society very likely does and, surely, you accept some responsibility for that MS's actions). It seems the in thing to produce electronic versions of journals, and more, to go back and retrodigitize pre-TeX issues.

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Revirginized: Sure, Madonna, revirginized, popped out of her wedding cake in 1984. Virginia Heffernan, New York Times, 1 August 2006. Can you re-virginize your hair?

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Rigidize: to make something rigid; this word was used in a presentation on the development of antenna structures that were made of a flexible material, folded up into a canister, shot into space, expanded, and then rigidized into a permanent configuration. An implantable penile prosthesis comprising: at least one elongated cylinder adapted to be implanted within a patient's penis, said cylinder having a flexible distal end section for implantation within the pendulous penis which is constructed to rigidize upon being filled with pressurizing fluid, and a proximal, rear end section adapted to be implanted within the root end of the penis.

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Robotization: The robotization of humans for medical purposes is in some respects already highly advanced. Ben McGrath, The New Yorker, 30 July 2007.

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Romanianize: The project to get rid of the Jews was intimately tied to the long-standing urge to Romanianize the country in a way that was not true of anti-Semitism anywhere else in the region. Tony Judt, "Reappraisals".

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Routinize: to make a thing part of one's routine; to make a thing seem unremarkable. There is a general need to routinize offering of HIV testing within the context of ongoing prenatal services.

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Royalize: "Ere you were queen, ay, or your husband king, I was a pack-horse in his great affairs; A weeder-out of his proud adversaries, A liberal rewarder of his friends; To royalize his blood I spilt mine own." Shakespeare, "Richard III".

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Rubblize: to reduce to rubble; "We don't want to rubblize this town", said Colonel McCoy. ...of the insurgent Iraqi town of Falluja.

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Salvadorization: referring to the US using tactics last employed in El Salvador, or to journalists using tactics last employed in El Salvador, the New York Times Sunday magazine had a front page headline: The Salvadorization of Iraq?

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Sardanopolized: He had renovated and Sardanopalized Johnson's truth, which had itself become so true that it lay bedridden in a multivolume collection of passe eighteenthcentury moral essays. Nicholson Baker, "Essays and Other Lumber".

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Saudization: the pretended effort by Saudia Arabia to induce its already heavilysubsidized citizens, via cash awards, to take the jobs that are now done by foreign workers. The goal is 70% Saudi workforce participation by the end of the decade, although the Saudization of some industries has been accelerated.

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Scientificize: The desire to scientificize connoisseurship was therefore as much about the desire to democratize it, to wrest it out of the hands of art experts. David Grann, The New Yorker, 12/19 July 2010. Simpson imagined a conference in the year 1500 trying to scientificize the production of art masterpieces, attempting to specify the criteria for creation of the Mona Lisa, and establishing an institute to promote the more efficient production of great paintings. Scott Rosenberg, "Dreaming in Code". So rather than give us the straight stuff, the CDC and Anderson Cooper and all the experts tiptoe around the inconvenient truth by medicalizing and scientificizing the topic, perhaps trying to induce a high school science class type stupor. Ken Sepkowitz, Slate, 6 June 2011.

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Scientized: It is unknown, at this time, whether social decisionmakers are more persuaded by aggregated, scientized knowledge-claims.

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Scissorizing: an intellectually invested term for the simple feat of clipping something out of the paper. See Ellen Gruber Garvey's essay Scissorizing and Scrapbooks: Nineteenth Century Reading, Remaking and Recirculating in the MIT Press book "New Media: 1740-1915", edited by Lisa Gitelman and Geoffrey Pingree.

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Selectorized: to be equipped with a dial that allows one to select the setting of a machine. Spotted on a banner advertising a gymnasium's new exercise machines: "Now with Selectorized machines!"

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Shiitization: In Syria, rumors abound of Sunnis adopting Shiite Islam. What would Shiitization mean for the Middle East? The New York Times, 29 April 2007

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Siliconized: There was John Wayne Bobbit, dressed in Tommy Hilfiger, like a Microsoft employee, standing amid all of these siliconized inhabitants of the planet Temptron 5. Douglas Coupland, "Microserfs".

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Sinisterize: used by Tony Hiss in a letter to the New York Times Book Review: White seeks to sinisterize the rest of my father's life.

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Sloganize: This is just like the Brown students I knew when I was there. Quick to rally and sloganize against the establishment, but slow to accept responsibility for their own actions or those of others (in this case, the man who refused to show ID).

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Snickerization: "We don't need all this garbage from the West. The television is filled with it. Nothing but advertising, sex, and violence. How does the Snickerization of the economy improve our lives?" Ingrid Bengis, "Metro Stop Dostoevsky".

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Snippetization: Alarmed by this brave new world? Go back and reread John Updike's essay in the Book Review lamenting Google's snippetization of literature. The New York Times online.

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Softwarize: to simulate; to represent via software. In a sequencer, programming is done assuming the device actions are realized by a circuit. This means that the automated machine is controlled by a relay circuit and that the sequencer was developed to softwarize this.

I am a final year electrical engineering student and am doing the under-graduate project using JAVA where I plan to softwarize the Machine Lab.
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Sonatasization: THE SONATASIZATION OF PHILIP ROTH'S 'EVERYMAN' The New York Times, 25 October 2007.

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South Americanization: In the ongoing South Americanization of political culture north of the border, what has been dubbed the Revolt of the Generals is one of the feebler effusions. The New Yorker, 01 May 2006.

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Southernize Now that hockey has been thoroughly Southernized, the sport's routines and rituals are bound to change. Mike Bianchi in his sports column in the Orlando Sentinel, 21 June 2006, discussing the recent winning of the Stanley cup by the Carolina Hurricanes. The increasingly-Southernized American Right has transferred the fundamentalist Protestant mentality from the sphere of religion to the spheres of law and the economy. Michael Lind, Salon, 05 July 2011.

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Spaghetti-ize: to create, concatenate, or modify computer code in such a way that the underlying logical structure is utterly obscured. In fact, it is possible to make more use of subroutines than is appropriate, and to spaghetti-ize your code by losing all sense of what is going on by sending execution through level after level of unnecessary subroutine calls.

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Spamize: to mark an email address as the source of spam that should be ignored; Spamize his email address right away. PM me for help doing this. With phone, caller id from London, don't answer.

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Stationize: Nowadays, the best Material Handling practices enable shipyards to stationize personnel and minimise the use of less efficient material handling schemes.

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Statisticization: Whatever outlandish sexual act you could imagine, someone somewhere was doing it. This led to the charge that Kinsey was perpetrating what we might call the statisticization of morality. The New York Times Book Review, 21 January 2007

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Stepfordize: to replace an independent or unruly wife by a docile sexually submissive automaton. Bette Midler, a costar of the remake of "The Stepford Wives", is quoted in "Entertainment Weekly" as saying: I don't believe guys who say they wouldn't Stepfordize their wives for a second!

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Studentize: a statistical procedure related to something known as "Student's T test". "Student" was the pseudonym used by William Sealy Gosset when he introduced the test in "Biometrika" in 1908. We studentize primarily to determine the scale of the test statistic.

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Subitization: the rapid, automatic determination of the number of a small group of objects, from Latin subitus, meaning "sudden", coined by a psychologists Kaufman, Lord, Reed and Volkmann in 1949. Overall, we found that children who were classified as low math skill did not appear to subitize arrays of 2-3 objects.

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Subvehicularization: In a campaign that has made common practice of subvehicularization, also known as 'throwing under the bus', even the smallest impropriety is cause for concern. Christopher Bearm, Slate Magazine, 13 July 2008.

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Sundance-ize: in a review of New York's fringe festival: The professionalizing, or Sundance-izing of the Fringe has been a concern for the entire life of the festival. The New York Times, 11 August 2006.

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Surgerize: to carry out surgery on; His take on allergies, which often leads to chronic sinus issues, was to treat with prescription medications and then surgerize the area. Once in the surgery suite,

he would irrigate the sinuses because as he said, 'Dilution is the solution to pollution'.
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Surgicalized: to have undergone so much plastic surgery as to be noticeably artificial, perhaps even repulsively so; Women who never felt they had ugly breasts or unsightly vaginas before are increasingly disgusted with themselves as they measure themselves against surgicalized, airbrushed bodies. Thus, my aversion to the misnomer "uncircumcised." It is a sneaky word. This particular label implies a deference to the unnatural, surgicalized state.

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Surroundize: to modify an audio signal in such a way that it can be used in a "surround-sound" system: Also, there's a plug-in for WinAmp that can surroundize your stereo music. It processes the sound, and outputs it through all your channels

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Tabloidize: to make a sensational or lurid story suitable for a tabloid newspaper. Salman Rushdie was quoted on 09 March 2003, moaning: The tabloidization of my life has been a very ugly thing.

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Talibanize: to implement the reactionary policies favored by the Taliban in Afghanistan. The MMA's unexpected victories intensified fears that Talibanization was creeping its way across the land. The New York Times Sunday Magazine, 07 December 2003. The Talibanisation of Somalia? The Economist, 12-20 October 2006.

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Targetization: Policy makers have described the program as a rationalization or targetization of Iran's vast and inefficient subsidies system, but some analysts fear it could increase living costs for millions of middle and low income households. The New York Times, 20 December 2010.

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Techno-scientized:

I begin by considering how lifelong learning has been conceptualized in a techno-scientized information society.
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Teflon-ize: Writing about Sarah Palin in Newsweek last month, I pointed out the crude way in which she tried to Teflon-ize herself when allegations of weird political extremism were made against her. Christopher Hitchens, Slate, 07 December 2009.

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Tenementized: "Dawn's building had been tenementized and was dilapidated," said Trembath. Edward Ball, "Peninsula of Lies".

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Terribilize: MISHLOVE: Musterbation is when we tell ourselves, "I must do this," or, "Things must be this way," even though they're not. ELLIS: Because of the must. If you didn't musterbate, then you wouldn't awfulize, terribilize, catastrophize, say "I can't stand it," and put yourself down. Jeffrey Mishlove, interviewing psychologist Albert Ellis.

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Theatricalize: to rework or rethink a story in a way that will make it suitable for presentation on the stage, something like what happens when a play becomes cinematized, so to speak. "Under the Sign of the Hourglass"...seeks to theatricalize the lulling rhythm and the lush, vibrant images of Schulz's work. The New York Times, 17 June 2006.

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Theaterize: The place is still used for worship services, so no attempt has been made to theaterize it.

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Therapize:

Everything about "Jenniemae & James" is moist and listless, including its therapized tone, sloppy editing (egregious repetitions) and canned historical filler. Dwight Garner, The New York Times, 01 April 2010.
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Ticketize: to control by requiring tickets. To all of you who would object to having Hajj ticketized, I say this: 1) No one needs to actually make money (sell) tickets, merely book individuals with specific numbers on those tickets. 2) The fact that you have to ticketize this process shows the success of Islam, in so far that it has so many followers.

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Tivoization: Over the following 15 years, some members of the FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) community came to believe that some software and hardware vendors were finding loopholes in the GPL, allowing GPL-licensed software to be exploited in ways that were contrary to the intentions of the programmers. These concerns included tivoization (the inclusion of GPL-licensed software in hardware that will refuse to run modified versions of its software);

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Toasterize: Embedded computerization will become ubiquitous to the point where all new technology in the daily environment will be intelligent. You won?t talk to your hairdryer, but close. The trend to toasterize computers is unstoppable.

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Totalize: Democrats must of course have the courage of their convictions to run aggressively, but they must also totalize the campaign ideologically and geographically, turning it into a referendum on the failed policies of Bush and all those on the right.

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Transvestized: "Up, my comrades! up and doing!" yodels John Greenleaf Whittier in "The Lumbermen" - an unintentionally funny poem, now that Monty Python has transvestized forestry. Nicholson Baker, "Essays and Other Lumber".

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Trapezoidalization:

A horizontal trapezoidalization of a polygon is obtained by drawing a horizontal line through every vertex of the polygon. Joseph O'Rourke, "Computational Geometry".
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Trendize: I love you sis and sorry we didn't get to spend more time together, but while she was here she did re-trendize my music selection. She introduced me to "The Postal Service".

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Trojanize: to modify a web page, program or email message to hide a "Trojan Horse", that is, computer instructions that will be secretly carried out by the victim computer. You use the mail server on your desk as a workstation from time to time. One day, Mr Cracker finds a vulnerability in the imapd on your box. He crawls through it, and proceeds to trojanize /bin/login and /usr/sbin/imapd.

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Ukelelization: the headline in an article in Utne Magazine, about a Japanese wood carver who buys wood from historic buildings about to be destroyed, and creates a ukelele with special touches that recall the building. UN-ized: I once met someone who knew His Holiness the Dalai Lama. "He's terribly nice," she said, "but he's been a bit UN-ized. The New Yorker, 11 December 2006.

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Vaginalized: Her theory was that because of African free sexuality and possibly because of the prevalence of clitoridectomy, African women might be better vaginalized, as she expressed it, and thus more feminine than European women. UN-ized. Bodil Folke Frederiksen, "Jomo Kenyatta, Marie Bonaparte and Bronislaw Malinowski on Clitoridectomy and Female Sexuality"

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Valorize: meaning, one supposes, to put forth as a hero. The TV critic John Leonard, writing in New York magazine: "The Pentagon Papers" not only valorizes Daniel Ellsberg... but also celebrates the New York Times. However, the word may already have been further debased to mean merely "to regard positively":

[The authors] coin a word to describe their enemy, "therapism", defined as the tendency to valorize "openness, emotional self-absorption, and the sharing of feelings". The New York Times, 01 May 2005.
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Vanitized: Americans love these plates; 9.3 million motor vehicles have them, which puts a tremendous burden on motor vehicle departments that must screen all applications. Deciphering, evaluating and potentially rejecting a vanitized message because it could be construed as offensive places department officials in an awkward position. The New York Times, 05 July 2008.

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Vegetize: Deb regularly appears on her discussion board to help guests vegetize/veganize their favorite recipes and to give many kinds of food advice.

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Ventriloquize: Morris has a good time weaving his tale of vice and squalor in 1860s Russia, and your appreciation of his handiwork will depend on your fondness for the sort of ventriloquized fiction in which a writer dons the voice and manners of another culture, another century. The New York Times Book Review, 20 May 2007.

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Verticalization: The latest trend in business telecom these days is verticalization or the vertical market segmentation of business customers.

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Vietnamization: the technical term for Richard Nixon's still secret plan to get people to stop protesting the Vietnam war. Nixon and his top adviser on foreign affairs, National Security Adviser and later Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger, devised three main strategies to Vietnamize (or de-Americanize) the Vietnam War. The anti-war liberals who see America as the source of many of the world's problems have been trying their best to Vietnamize this war.

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Village-peopleize:

But could some of you talk to the folks wanting to village-peopleize the children, in the same show that will feature crotchless-chaps-wearing leather-men?
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Violentization: Dr Lonnie Athens's concept of how serial killers are created by a series of external factors. It is these features of video games that have led writers like Dave Grossman to suggest that they violentize their players, making it easier for them to overcome psychological barriers to violence in real life, in the same way that US Army training helps soldiers to overcome psychological barriers to killing. Richard Rhodes "Why They Kill: The Discoveries of a Maverick Criminologist".

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Virginize: This implies replication of how an end-user would experience a brand-new product. Before beginning the test, be sure to virginize your system.

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Virtualize: in computing, a process of abstraction, particularly one in which an interface is created between a program and the underlying computer, so that the program can run on a wide variety of computers by relying only on the intervening abstract operating system. Sun takes a comprehensive approach to virtualization that spans the datacenter to significantly increase resource utilization and reduce costs.

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Voucherize: used during a debate on school vouchers, and referred to students who had received a voucher to subsidize tuition at a private school. With all deliberate speed, the Republican Congress should send President Bush a bill to voucherize Washington, D.C.'s government schools.

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Wal-Martization: occurred in an editorial headline in the New York Times: The Wal-Martization of America

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Weaponization: used in reference to the development of biological warfare agents such as anthrax. The pariah state of North Korea is trying to weaponize the bird flu virus, making it the ideal threat for al-Qaida, the British intelligence agency MI6 has learned.

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Wiki-ize: We could Wiki-ize such a list and collect wishes.

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Willy Hortonize: So now Mitt Romney is seeking to Willy Hortonize Rudy Giuliani. The New York Times, 24 August 2007.

OONERISM Words that go OON!
There's a small collection of (multisyllabic) English words and names that end in -oon. Although it's hard to assign them a common linguistic origin or etymology, they nonetheless seem to constitute an uncommonly colorful and garish subset of the language. If you were going to have a party, this is the set of words to invite! I am sorely tempted to Croon a Tune to Oona or Mourn a Rune to Lorna Doone using only these words as rhymes.
• • • •

• • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • •

baboon balloon bassoon Brigadoon: a musical play by Lerner and Loewe about a mythical Scottish village that appears one day every hundred years; the name is thought to be derived from the Scottish landmark, the "Brig o' Doon" or "Bridge of Doon". buffoon Cameroon cartoon cocoon doubloon dragoon: a light cavalryman. The name is thought to have arisen from the firearm carried by the first mounted infantry, called a "dragon" because of the image of a dragon's head on the barrel. festoon harpoon Kowloon lagoon lampoon Laocoon macaroon maroon monsoon Muldoon musketoon octaroon

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pantaloon Pantaloon patroon platoon: comes from the French "peleton" for "little ball" which then began to be used for "small group of men." poltroon: a coward pontoon quadroon raccoon Rangoon saloon Saskatoon Siegfried Sassoon simoon spittoon spontoon: a "half-pike", a medieval weapon. tycoon typhoon vinegaroon: an insect related to spiders, sometimes called the "whip scorpion" because of it has pincers and an arching tail. As a defense, it can spray a solution of acetic acid. Walloon Witherspoon

Oafly Folly
There's nothing wrong with the word "brotherly", and of course the word 'sisterly" sounds right and makes sense, and then there's "friendly" which is OK (except in Texas where the license plates said "Drive friendly!") but the next thing you know, everyone's realized that you can make a new word out of almost any noun by tacking an ly on the end of it, and no one bothers to look at the frequently freakish result and ask whether you should have done that, and whether it's too late to just sit on the thing and smother it before the children awaken and are frightened by it! As my friend Debra N. pointed out, I have been practicing sneering since I was childly, and find many opportunities to pedantly lecture in my parently role. "Rocket scientistly"?!! Surely you act jesterly. (Oh no! it's getting easier to do! I feel myself moving sliderly down a slippery slopely path.) Co-conspiratorly, Deb

On the other hand, I think the wealth of examples presented here, mostly culled from the Internet, suggest that even informal writing (let alone speech!) is vastly richer than the standard vocabulary preserved in the archives. I have tried to avoid some of the cheaper compound coinages, such as browserlychallenged or penisly-endowed Herewith, some gangly dangly new-fangly words you may find hardly to swallow!
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A posteriorily: Moreover, complex patterns elicited a posteriorily distributed negativity at 350 ms.

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A priorily: The plant, and the external environment and representations as well as state concepts utilized were a priorily determined and fixed without flexibility. We know a priorily that this function is bounded. as reported by Steve Hou.

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Acceptantly: Margaret, watching me, knew this bitter streak in me and knew it more acceptantly that I did myself. C P Snow, "The Sleep of Reason"

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Accountantly: My accountant said something very accountantly when he saw that I worked for them.

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Actorly: "Beckett, for his part, has no use for this or any kind of actorly showboating - at least that was his attitude from Play (1962-3) onward....If actorly denial is false or absent, if comfort or vanity are obviously held more dear than artistic sacrifice, then the whole operation collapses." From an online review of "Beckett/Albee" by Jonathan Kalb.

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Ad-hoc-ly: Andrew Majda, in a talk on stochastic modelling of weather, 27 January 2005, said:

Maybe you should include, ad-hoc-ly, more barotropic modes.
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Ad hominemly: And that means he did it only for the money, because he was a Nazi and thus just wanted to harm people? Is that what you're trying to ad hominemly imply?

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Ad infinitumly: I didn't know my clandestine life had anything to do with what I write or what I say or what I do, but then again people seem to ad infinitumly make an assortment of political retribution with emotional retaliation.

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Ad nauseumly: Like many of you, I'd heard the George Foreman infomercials on this product ad nauseumly and I was just about at the point of throwing darts at dear George.

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Addictly: We need another news site. Only one isn't enough for our big KDE project and all of us who addictly and unconditionally love KDE. I first was a "Rent" stage fan, owning the original cast album and addictly seeing the play. The following is a list of Crack-Addictly funny journal entries:

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Agently: However, she is asking 25% instead of the usual agently 15%, saying that this is normal for gift books.

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Air-humpingly: T, for instance, is so air-humpingly hypersexual that you suspect you're witnessing a manic episode every time she's out in the world. Troy Patterson, Slate Magazine, 15 January 2009.

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Americanly: Though I don't know if it's proper to use British spelling when referring to a picture that's so Americanly nationalistic.

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Angstly:

She grabbed a cup and held it close as she chewed angstly on the straw.
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Aproposly: It is mentioned about town that 'H.B.', who has aproposly appeared at the twelfth hour, is a lady domiciled under Mr. Croker's own roof. Thomas Carlyle, Fraser's Magazine, Volume 53, May 1856.

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Astronautly: I'm not completely sure what specialty Tony may've pursued when not doing astronautly stuff.

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Auntly: Octavia appears not unaffected by the scrutiny, and even less unaffected when Servilia pulls her into an embrace that is more than an auntly one. My mother had eight sisters, and there were usually several auntly invasions.

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Authorly: "Authorly arrogance here, sorry, but I don't believe anyone writes a character better than the originator."

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Bakerly: I was very pleased with this little quick bread. It has good color and taste, and some holes that are large enough to be respectable. The only concession to "bakerly techinique" is the fold, yet the bread comes out pretty good.

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Bankerly: Bank of Canada governor David Dodge offered a bankerly rebuke to the United States on Monday for its borrow-and-spendthrift ways. that is more than an auntly one. As part of a plan by the new Democratic majority to create the impression of frenzied hard work, the House has also boosted its workweek from a bankerly three days to five. (The Atlantic, March 2007).

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Barberly:

He never talks to me about football, which either means he doesn't like it himself, or some barberly sixth sense, (perhaps innate, perhaps bestowed by a device concealed in the chair) lets him know I'm not really bothered myself.
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Bardly: "Perhaps I should start at the beginning." Putting on her best bardly voice,Gabrielle told him the story of Melosa and Valesca, of Eriphyle's quest for revenge - she kept checking to make sure he was awake and engaged in her story - of Eriphyle's attacks on the towns, her abductions, her meddling with Otus, and finally of Ephiny's journey to the centaurs and Gabrielle's own trek back to the Amazon Village.

• •

(Batterly): (No examples found, thank goodness!) Beefly: It's not my favorite cut, but this one - Illinois corn-fed beef, bone-in, wet-aged 21 days - is superb, with more texture than you usually get with a filet, and a subtle flavor that seems the essence of beefly goodness.

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Bishoply: This past year has been somewhat overly full with these bishoply concerns. This has. meant a great investment of time, prayer and presence.

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Bitchingly: "This is going to be the most bitchingly fast bicycle in all of Orange County!" From the TV series "Arrested Development".

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Blasely: I merely point out, in his own words, that Brando lumped the average business man and capitalists in with mafia dons as casually and as blasely as if he was ordering fish off a menu and I'm spewing vitriol?

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Blue-collarishly: We work in what we blue-collarishly refer to as "shifts," during which the goal is to edit what the last person wrote and, knock on wood, to add new text on to it.

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Bookly: SANS SERIF: Reading recommendations, Bay Area Lit Life, Writing Exercises, and Bookly Ephemera.

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Bouncerly: Then, to show his gratitude to the bouncer who had acted very humanely and not very bouncerly at all, the guy spit an entire mouthful of water in his face.

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Boxly: Well... We've achieved at least one element of the American Dream - a mortgage. And, with that, a boxly quiet has descended upon us i.e. I look left in my office and I see boxes; I look right and I see boxes.

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Boyfriendly: Having discharged his boyfriendly duty, Bruce switched gears. Jennifer Weiner, "Good in Bed"

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Boyly: He let me know that bows were for girls and weren't very boyly.

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Brickly: Definition of bricks: bricks made of clay, other human-made building blocks of a brickly shape and cinder blocks.

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Browserly: If you read this lush, cofee-table format book in a linear, rather than browserly way, it becomes a rise-and-fall narrative. The New York Times Book Review, 03 December 2006

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Burgherly: In many ways, though, Mr Updike was an unlikely man of letters. He lived a quiet, burgherly life in a seaside Boston suburb and seldom went to literary parties. The New York Times, 31 January 2009.

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Businessmanly: DeStefano's act struck me as stiff, arch, unnatural, businessmanly.

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Butcherly:

He is butcherly, true, but his knives were all sharpened by you. He slew with his own hands King Henry the sixth, being prisoner in the Tower, as men constantly say, and that without commandment or knowledge of the king, which would undoubtedly if he had intended that thing, have appointed that butcherly office to some other than his own brother. Thomas More, "The History of King Richard III".
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Caesarly: That said, both the pasta salad and its Caesarly companion were mediocre simulacra of the real thing.

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Calculusly: (from "The Web as Ideal Pedestal for Negotiaion and International Mediation: A Critique" by Prof Earle Taylor: Full cognizance of its tremendous speed and flexibility need underscores the need and urgency to calculusly integrate the Web as an exogenous asset to coporate planners and officials engaged in the design, maintenance and service of incountry and bilateral relations, as well as for international and corporate negotiations.

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Cancerly: We got into our rented convertible and from day one started to burn to a welcomed cancerly crisp.

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Captainly: Speaking of captainly paranoia, it soon became obvious that, since I was the only decent pilot on board, I was not going to be allowed to go over to the wreck with any of the exploratory teams.

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Carpenterly At least she didn't do too much damage, Tara points out, before Xander goes on a carpenterly riff about the cost of the repairs, then becomes appalled at his joboriented reaction to the situation.

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Catcherly Mr. Maddux had some issues with Javy's ability to perform his catcherly duties.

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Catly

Sometimes Jasper and I didn't know what they had just said to us, but we smiled with our "moon eyes" (slits of catly ecstasy), lowered our heads for rubbing and urged them to scratch our tummies anyway.
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Cell-phonely If you ever do need to "save this message, press 9", talk to my brilliantly cellphonely adept darling husband.

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Chairly: Sara has come out of chairly retirement to help with protocols, forms, and experience.

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Chairmanly: Rep. John Conyers Jr. (D-Mich.) banged a large wooden gavel and got the other lawmakers to call him "Mr. Chairman." He liked that so much that he started calling himself "the chairman" and spouted other chairmanly phrases, such as "unanimous consent" and "without objection so ordered."

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Chaufferly: I got there as quickly as chaufferly possible.

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Chefly: Any place in town can serve you a grilled T-bone, but Suzanne Tracht's snazzy steakhouse is strictly postmodernsville, man, chefly riffs on the strip steak.

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Chessly: The pieces are beautiful, though I have argued with my brother over which one is black and which is white. The squares are frosted and clear and also difficult to chose which is which, but I'm not too chessly oriented, and having not played on a glass set before, I just close my eyes and choose.

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Chicly A friend called to tell me that Prince was giving one of his chicly innovative exclusive concerts on Friday night, at a venue yet to be disclosed. Bruce Wagner, The New Yorker, 06 August 2007.

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Christly; analogy can take you only so far in grammar. While bemoaning her time at an Irish Magdalen convent, a woman complained that:

"I felt nothing godly; I felt nothing Christly there."
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Climberly; In fact, the general tone of the book recalls a campfire give and take, with the easy humor, climberly adjectives, and anecdotal style familiar from Long's other writings evident here.

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Cliquey: Sylvia turns to her mother-in-law. "Were they always like this, Mrs Hampton? So, so ... cliquey?" Penelope Lively, "Moon Tiger".

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Clonely: It would mean losing their individuality - entering a life of clonely conformity with others who have joined the Christian club.

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Clownly: In the bathroom, Homer, still in clown attire, attends to clownly matters, applying a fresh coat of paint to his face.

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Coachly: A little over a year ago I was doing my coachly duty at a high school speech tournament when a fellow coach announced that she wanted the pull tabs from our empty soda cans.

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Collegely: After that, we took a couple years off to pursue collegely interests, but now we're BACK and how!

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Comedianly: He apparently usually (or only often, I'm not sure) makes up his bits live on stage, which I know from being a minor student of comedianly arts is something no one ever does, because if they do, they suck.

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Commentatorly: Oddly enough, your commentatorly absence (as far as my stuff on the site was concerned) coincided exactly with this here posting and its LG fanfare.

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Composerly: These ideas are developed progressively, a feature not often found in Fine's music, and her statement about composerly rigor is accurate. LA STPO's "Slices Of Thrown Time" is like a Van Der Graaf arc between the bombast of Blurt/Ex/Dog Faced Hermans/Contortions/Birthday Party and the subtle, avant-composerly moments of Henry Cow/This Heat/Univers Zero/Faust.

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Computer-Sciencely: Is it one of those computer-sciencely-correct things that won't ever actually affect my code's performance in a material way or will the evil actually manifest itself in a way that the user will dislike?

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Computerly: Throughout, emphasis will be placed on types of analyses appropriate to particular kinds of marketing data; however, the course will be neither statistically nor computerly intensive. Over five years ago he became interested in solving the underlying problems of computer based fine art. He attempted addressing issues centering on what is computerly about fine art, much in the same way people enjoy paintings that are painterly.

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Conductorly: of, or as, a conductor. In past years, the program has featured a broad spectrum of spooky music and an assortment of bizarre costumes and conductorly\ antics. For anyone interested in Boulez's conductorly contributions to the postserial world, this is a surefire collection that opens the window on the great one's magic with difficult, thorny music.

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Contactly: While in the group uninfected with RAV-49 but contactly infected with MDVKekava there were only 11 out of 102, (10.7%) incidences. This probe is non-contactly held in the optical trap.

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Cookly: And I can't be a housewifely cookly creature, either. I hate sewing and dusting, and when Susan couldn't teach me to make biscuits, nobody could.

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Coply: I try to do something coply every day - talk to cops, listen to the radio...

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Cornly: Of course, corned beef hash contains extreme amounts of cornly goodness which has been packed into the tender slices of beef.

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Corpsely: Fox execs so detested the brutal, scabrous movie they exited the screening room a corpsely shade of white.

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Cousinly ...no, that cousinly litle interview must remain a perfect secret. Jane Austen, "Persuasion".

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Crackerly: During the '70s I fought my nature and developed a rather crackerly style in an effort to distance myself from criticism about "trying to sound like a black guy" but that didn't last

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Creditly: Since finding this site, my whole world has changed (creditly speaking that is). I rail on Geneon for their lack of extras, and Pioneer became Geneon, so here's what you can expect. Clean and Creditly openings and endings, and previews. Although, the nice little surprise inclusion is a music video for the series featuring The Indigo.

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Cricketly: I've had enough of seeing Australia beat us not only cricketly but mentally also.

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Crimely: The average male in the island is becoming full of sloth and laziness and crimely instincts as addiction to drugs and incest since the females have begun to fly abroad and bear the financial brunt of the family by washing the pots and pans of the sheikhs's palaces.

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Cross-browserly: For no other reason, it's proof-of-concept (because I needed to prove it to myself) that client-side DOM recursive traversal could be reasonably achieved crossbrowserly, like.

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Crotchly: And such knowledge spans generations, as when Sue Carol recalls something her mother used to say regarding her father's crotchly attentions: "Some nights, I do just want to bite it off."

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Czarly: My first Czarly decree would be the following:

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Dancerly: An article in the online magazine Slate, posted 04 May 2006, by Michael Agger Cruise proves again that he's eminently watchable, gliding through the mayhem with a dancerly efficiency. This shows what happens when you try to emulate your superiors, who laughed when you said "masterful" and told you "You must say masterly instead! Check our style guide! Speak to our resident usage gnome! And go now, and write writerly!"

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Dealerly: My only other dealerly pursuit is recruiting salesmen. This dealer was always interested in having a first look at my latest works ahead of my gallery and would give me either strong encouragement or offer some dealerly advice.

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De Factoly: By making them sympathetic and understandable, you're sort of de-factoly making them human. There is opposition to this bill among part of the Hawaiian population since it will, if only de factoly, have the Hawaiians recognize and to a certain sense legitimize the conquest of their islands.

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Deputyly:

I pointed out that there was no way that merely taking movies could possibly interfere with anybody's deputyly duties. Bill Merritt, "A Fool's Gold"
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Detectively: And let's not forget the detectively McGruff, teaching children to bravely "take a bite out of crime" since the late '70s.

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Directorly: Clicking through to the site's main page brings you to a black-and-white slideshow of Ratner in various directorly poses.

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Documently: (although a heap of people seem to think that this is how you spell the name of a non-fiction movie!): We could not use the term "illegal aliens" so I decided to change it to "Documently Challenged Non-Immigrant."

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Doctorly: I guess the question I would ask is, is that a doctorly deed?

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Dogly: If members of the dog pack were to sit around discussing (pardon the conceit) whether a cornered human could get away via some undogly exploit, an argument that there was no known way for a human to get away in any dogly understanding of the situation would not be a correct argument that the human could not, in fact, get away, as we know.

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Double-trackly: They looked for a new bass player this time and I have got in at them so that I have driven double-trackly for a while.

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Dressly: Girly! We are having a "dressly niced" gathering this fine evening, or so a couple of us decided this afternoon at the pool.

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Drummerly:

...in some gross way that makes it a challenge to use musically, to go beyond the drummerly aspects of percussion and get into pure music or pure sound.
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Dukely: "He sings for a traveling troupe, the Eagles, I believe they're called. Anyway, that's when he can get away from his Dukely duties," she said.

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Editorly: The photo, incidentally, is my mugshot for "Ahora Si", where I need to look all serious and editorly.

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Educatorly: Then a very educatorly speech was launched about just because we paid tuition and passed the ACET didn't mean that we were Ateneans or worthy of the Ateneo.

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Engineerly: You must have electro-mechanical buying experience and extensive experience of purchasing electro-mechanical components from the Far East as well as being familar with the full life cycle. Ideally with a background from a small electromechanical company and be engineerly minded. Located in Cambridge.

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Estrogenly: I've had friends that were predominantly female ever since elementary school and my girl / guy friend ratio is drastically estrogenly swayed . (And one wonders about the phrase "friends that were predominantly female"!)

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Facely: The vision of her facely sorrow was clear in Fr. Errico's mind. Finally, the sculptor got it right and Fr. Errico exclaimed, "It is so!".

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Fanly: "Trees Lounge," by contrast, opened and disappeared in a nanosecond in 1996, leaving only a handful of fanly conservators to recall Steve Buscemi (who wrote and directed it as well) as a shaky alcoholic slowly driving an ice-cream truck around Valley Stream, Long Island, and making out with the junior-teen Chloe Sevigny.

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Farmerly:

Our neighbor didn't say exactly why he farmed; it's just not farmerly to talk about such things. Shot in Alberta but set in Idaho, nearly every image is the very picture of bucolic American farmerly beauty.
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Fartly: And if you've ever heard the fartly Behr Vampire buzzfest when you crank, you know the value of solid, tight, buzzless bottom end.

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Fauxly: Green is more or less playing the same fauxly-oblivious chucklehead that he does whenever he makes public appearances.

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Feastly: He was not in the mood for another family's feastly hilarity with its specific rituals like charades or Monopoly. Ward Just, "Echo House"

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Feministly: Either it's the father and eldest brother, and feministly the hijab must be torn off, or it's the girl herself standing by her belief, and laically it must be torn off.

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Filmly: The Canadian Filmmakers Festival filled my weekend schedule with filmly goodness.

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Firemanly: Firemen should put aside a little of their firemanly "I'm just doing my job" selfdeprecation for the sake of the real heroes that they themselves often are.

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Fontly: Fontly goodness once again in Emacs 21: I had been holding out upgrading from emacs 20 to 21 because my favourite fixed width font, 7x14b (or 7x14bold) wouldn't display with the specifier I used in emacs 20.

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Footly:

We have more calls than we will ever return I fear, sometimes four or five a day. I am heartily tired of it and I guess by the time I return them all I shall be footly tired.
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Foreskinly: There are websites for the foreskinly challenged male.

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Fortranly: To my tastes, Lisply written Fortran is no better than Fortranly written Lisp.

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Frenchly: There are people who express themselves 'Frenchly,' while others have forms of life that are expressed 'Koreanly' or 'Icelandicly.'

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Freshmanly: His un-freshmanly maturity is another encouraging facet of this already young Sagehen squad.

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Gainly: "She throws as a catcher would, snapping it by her ear in a gainly way, on a tape-line into the shadows." Richard Ford, "The Sportswriter".

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Geekily: If you're geekily inclined, you can recreate some of these software robots using the Mac's own AppleScript language. The New York Times, 24 January 2008.

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Geniusly: Some good-looking, geniusly gifted dude has been crazy enough to put a ring on my finger and proclaim his love.

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Governorly: It's not so much the words, which aren't exactly governorly, but it's that he said it at a sit-in at Bush's executive office suite.

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Grocerly: as used by Benjamin Franklin: ...but the grocerly argument of tea and sugar, is not inferior to the lawyerly argument with which he demonstrates, that, "by a fiction between us and the colonists, Connecticut is in England, and therefore represented in the British parliament."

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guestliness Doyle inclined his head, as if acknowledging a palpable hit. But that was enough play-acting and guestliness. Julian Barnes, "Arthur & George"

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Gumly: The history of boy bands takes many a wayward turn beyond even the most generous definition of bubblegum. But be patient, I'll keep it brief and on point and you'll see how Boy Bands partake of the gumly wafer while staying something less than devout.

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guttingly When he came into the room, she stood and turned, but slowly, in order fully to compose herself, and found herself mysteriously, guttingly, faced with the Murry Thwaite she had known for years... Claire Messud, "The Emperor's Children"

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Hackerly: On this view, it may be one of the highest forms of hackerly courtesy to (a) break into a system, and then (b) explain to the sysop, preferably by e-mail from a superuser account, exactly how it was done and how the hole can be plugged acting as an unpaid (and unsolicited) tiger team.

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Hatly: Can a child be any cuter??!! Behold my nephew in all his hatly glory. More info about the hat here.

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Headachingly: The bar was headachingly noisy. Karen Joy Fowler, "The Jane Austen Book Club"

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Hebrewly: He doesn't feel he can use it like he should, but his Hebrew is very good and he has a broad vocabulary and he can think Hebrewly very often.

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Helicopterly: In the back garden a couple of carrots thistle-down-floated, fronds whirring helicopterly in evening sunlight.

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Hitlerly: Terrific web page against the Hitlerly practice of year-round school!

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Hokily: From a discussion of faucet fixtures: So the aim is to find excellent faucet sets in chrome or polished nickel that are not too, too modern or too hokily traditional. The New York Times, 09 April 2006.

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Horsely: Hilary Swank somehow landed a job for Guerlain. I'm not sure how, but she did it. The photoshop artists didn't do their job right, because instead of looking decent she looks even more horsely.

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Horsily But success had rendered Tanya, while more expensively dressed and coiffed (with the result that she looked less of a pinhead, her horsily narrow face now balanced by a brown bubble), no less of a lemon;... Claire Messud, "The Emperor's Children"

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Hostly After Ferguson did a little hostly vamping in response, Milch added, "And if God were trying to reach out to us, and teach us something about the deepest nature of matter, he might use some drugged out surfers. Nancy Franklin, The New Yorker, 25 June 2007.

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Humdrumly

Known humdrumly as the "founding father of metabolic balance studies", Sanctorius coined the term "insensible perspiration" in 1690. Mary Roach, "Spook: Science Tackles the Afterlife"
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Illy "To borrow one of your inelegant but colorful phrases, Paul, most people simply 'hated his guts', his insufferable affectation of superior virtue, his apparently illy disguised cock-of-the-walk attitude that he was a sort of superman who could outshoot, outfight, outlove, out-anything any three men in town." Robert Traver, "Anatomy of a Murder"

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Inchoately All these stories - Life with Mother, sentimental grandma, inchoately longing Young Homemakers, unrequited flirtation - they, after all, add up to the perfect magazine fiction for suburban women. Tom Wolfe, "Lost in the Whichy Thickets: The New Yorker"

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Indianly: ...to say nothing of the low-rise architecture, both traditional and modern, which by and far is nothing less than exceptional and uniquely Indianly.

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Insiderly: Picking up the baton already pioneered by masterly and dancerly, Ben Brantley goes for the gold, reviewing the musical "The Drowsy Chaperone": And now here is a musical that frankly sets itself up as a short (1 hour, 40 minutes), happy exercise in escapism, adorned with just enough postmodern footnotes to make you feel all insiderly. The New York Times, 02 May 2006.

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Inspectorly: I had my daughter shoot about 100 shots of me just walking around my own home doing inspectorly type stuff.

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Internetly: Web apps could be deployed intranetly, extranetly, internetly and RCP/RMI.

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Internly:

It was my internly task to call independent booksellers across the country to find out what and whom they thought we should publish.
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In Vitroly: Look! it's taking a sex cell from you - and now me, Now it's picking our infertile lock, So our sexless babe will, in vitroly, Be a chip off the old cell-block.

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In-your-facely: Would you say that that's in part because Spain is perceived as less Western (or, at least, less in-your-facely Western) than Britain and the US?

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Jetly: They will import whatever you want upon request and bring it to your room as soon as humanly/helicopterly/jetly possible (ie. That Champagne from a local family in France that does not export a la other mainstream brands).

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Jewishly: "It's more than an ethical good," he says. "It's a tool for survival. The emphasis on telling a story - that's one way to express yourself Jewishly." A J Jacobs, "The Know-It-All".

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Jobly: I also can't update my blog at work (I forgot the password - not any jobly prohibition).

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Judgely: While I disagree with his un-Judgely tactics and his religious views, I support his Constitutional Right to indeed have a piece of rock in his Courthouse.

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Julius-ly She'd expected, given the history, that Julius would kowtow to his lover, focus, above all, on David in this gathering of friends that didn't include him, but Julius proved refreshingly, Julius-ly, callous on that score... Claire Messud, "The Emperor's Children"

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Knowitallishly "Herbert," said the archdeacon, knowitallishly. Joanna Trollope, "The Choir"

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Lawyerly: Listed below are web links that reference lawyerly attire.

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Librarianly: "I love your innocence. It's so librarianly." Jane Smiley, "Duplicate Keys"

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Loserly: But unlike the selfish curmudgeons of "Seinfeld," the squirmy, idealistic dreamers of "Friends" or the lazy, self-centered schleps of "Everybody Loves Raymond," the loserly nature of the losers on today's comedies makes up the entire joke. Heather Havrilesky, Salon Online Magazine, 26 October 2008.

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Macaberly I read it, as one sometimes macaberly reads the obituaries of complete strangers. Robert Traver, "Anatomy of a Murder"

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Magazinely: It's not quite 10 years later and on this night, at Polar TV Berlin, May 2002, there was not one plumber's shirt with "Bob" written above the pocket to be seen, rather the single most gorgeous and magazinely well-dressed 90% lady audience I have ever seen at a gig.

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Majorly: "When people didn't buy it, we were majorly depressed." Stephen Levy, "Insanely Great"

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Malely:

As far as self-understanding in terms of gender goes, it would be a matter of exploring what it means to understand oneself living malely or femalely. A cigarette dangles, malely, from her mouth.
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Managerly: And of course, if we aren't feeling managerly, we don't check that account. Backup your databases regularly and store them compliance managerly.

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Marriagely: Don Ivey played drums with Naked Letus and then went to Denver where he was very successful musically, less so marriagely.

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(Masseurly): (No examples found, thank goodness!) Mathematicianly: If this WERE a real constructed response question (to the best of my knowledge, it is not), the highest score would go to the test taker who mentions that the area formula is needed and uses it correctly with labels, who then finds a deeper relationship between the numbers - that is, a pattern - as Lardygeezer did, and who can develop a rule (which CAN be informally stated rather than all gussied up in mathematicianly trappings) to predict the other numbers.

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Methodly: referring to "The Method" school of acting. Since Dean spends most of his other scenes mumbling and muttering Method-ly into his collar, his character's valedictory ramblings - delivered as they are from the bottom of an empty barrel of gin - sound suddenly too full-throated and articulate. Jessica Winter, Slate Magazine.

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Miragely ...she sees that Blondie knows he has made a mistake: that Lettuce miragely reflected what he wanted, but now he has carried out his five-fold investigations, he knows it's not there. Tibor Fischer, "The Collector Collector"

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Mirrorly: The difference between "Christ Jesus" and "Jesus Christ" is mirrorly the reverse.

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Missionly: It's important missionly because it takes us into areas that we otherwise wouldn't be.

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Mobsterly: But at a glittery preview screening Tuesday night at New York's Museum of Modern Art, dressed in a moderately mobsterly pinstrip suit, Chase looked fit.

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Momentumly: It bounds and rebounds equally so that I can momentumly swing into the corner without losing any speed.

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Mousely: Buttons on the microphone can change tempo, correct off-key notes, transform human crooning into a mousely squeak or a dragonish roar.

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Museumly: My allusion to the irony of Mathematica now being classed as an historical artifact, and therefore worthy of inclusion in a museum, when in its original form was a collectionless exhibit (and therefore judged by David's argument as unmuseumly), was directed at illustrating that such exhibits never really are collectionless.

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Narratorly: "But it chooses dramatic re-creation to deliver much of its material: actors protraying Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt and their various lieutenants stride into meetings, have whispered conversations, and so on, with a narrator propelling the tale along in that overwrought narratorly voice so popular in such programs." The New York Times, 06 May 2009

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NASCARly: The hull was flyin' all apart, it swang and swerved NASCARly.

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Neckly: With your hands being all full and shit, you can't possibly remove the phone from its neckly nook.

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Netscapely: Might try 6.1, which is supposed to be very fast and quite stable (Netscapely speaking...)

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Noirly: This film sucked me in. I thought everything noirly realistic such as dialogue and settings. The set's jewel in the crown is the title cut, a noirly cinematic, emotionally overwrought jazz-soul ballad that makes fame and friendship seem like wars nobody wins.

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Nosely: I love this nosely tone of the oboe - wonderful!

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Numberly: Off-line, she teaches accounting and other numberly subjects to students at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University in South Africa.

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Nunly: That is a very hard road when you aren't the nunly type.

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Nursely: Myra sometimes went through the motions of a reasonably normal life, performing normal nursely duties and keeping company with her normal boyfriend.

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Oafly: Mozilla is in the process of being a Good Thing, but I also think it's big and oafly.

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Operaly: I like singing operaly. It's fun and challenging. Although contemporary is a little difficult at times.

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Orphanly: Here is my sister Tiffany, all dressed up and looking very orphanly, because me and my sister were both orphans in the Homeschool Production of Annie!

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Out-and-outedly: "Yes," he said shortly. "Anybody would think it happened every day." Which, of course, it did but not, he was certain, as definitively, as out-andoutedly, as altogether epically as this. Alan Bennett, "The Clothes They Stood Up In"

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Oysterly: The acid cuts right through the salt and mineral flavors, keeping the underlying wine flavors intact while supporting the oysterly nuances.

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Painterly: Supposedly a "literal" translation of the German word "malerisch", a painterly painting is one in which, for instance, the brush strokes are intentionally visible. In computer graphics, the word applies to effects which take an image or photograph and distort it as though it had been somewhat crudely painted. Paperly: Invite students to get maximums by mentally (or paperly) totalling the values on the chart.

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Pawnbrokerly: But to me the passage was of interest mainly because it proved, as none of the other concordanced lumber-quotations directly did, that Pope as (like Samuel Butler before him) consciously aware of the pawnbrokerly undermeaning of lumber. Nicholson Baker, "Essays and Other Lumber".

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Peer-Pressurely: I'm straight (everyone's a little curious), but I'm very eccentric and outwardly affectionate, which is peer-pressurely confused with "gay".

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Philosopherly: DiChiara - a nice "philosopherly" page. Oh, just that you have a philosopherly kind of devilish way with you, dear!

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Phone Whorely: Oh, you didn't bore me. I got busy doing my phone whorely duties.

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Pickily: Then he looked at Wani, who was eating pickily (coke killed the appetite) and entirely without expression. Alan Hollinghurst, "The Line of Beauty".

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Pilotly: The "one-stop" model of providing services is being pilotly launched in three Labour Offices.

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Pissly: After hearing him trying not to laugh at me I realize what I did and pissly I kick him in the shin as I leave the room.

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Plumberly I have the highest regard for their plumberly smarts. The problem is the plumbing, which is bizarre.

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Pocketly I really have to prepare myself mentally, physically and pocketly because the car was consuming gas like 2 Mercedes's cars when I drove in town.

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Pokerly: CELEBRITY POKER TOUR, 8 PM, Bravo: Come for the card-playing and the ability to laugh at Robert Wagner over-acting even while playing Hold 'Em, and stay for the chance to watch Lacey Chabert ply her pokerly wares.

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Policely: His real favorite, perhaps, is Officer Ozzie (Ned Beatty) who, in between his policely duties, doubles as Santa Claus at the local department store.

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Popely: The Pope deserves his eternal rest after the last few years of being very sick and frail but still doing his Popely duties.

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Pornly:

At the helm the last two seasons for the Hurricanes was none other than the pornly-named Brock Berlin.
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Printerly: Printerly newspapers look bookish and homemade; Victorian papers seem crowded.

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Prisonly I did such prisonly things as talking with the career counselor, playing checkers, and checking the lunch menu.

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Pro bonoly However, they will be there with their expert opinion to assist with the dismantling of your sideboard pro bonoly of course.

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Producerly In between these two, Fiske places what he calls the 'producerly' text (and I will now stop using the word 'text' because I don't want to support the notion that all art, and indeed all perception, can be collapsed into language; I will now simply refer to 'art').

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Programmerly: Besides, while what you propose is certainly a workaround, is this the most elegant or programmerly solution?

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Prostitutely Inside Shibuya there are prostitutely painted girls with big shoes and funny scowls.

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Protestantly So, Gottlieb Georg, 1850, and Robert, 1862, were baptized protestantly 1850 in Sankt Mariae zur Wiese, Friederica, 1855, and Adolph, 1857, were baptized catholicly 1855 in Sankt Patrokli,

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Pully: "I see," said her father. He looked down at his bacon, which, she noticed, he had uncharacteristically not complained about as being too pully.

Cathleen Schine, "Alice in Bed."
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Queen of Heartsly "Off with her head!" she said Queen of Heartsly.

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Rangerly: A gently used Mad River Outrage X solo whitewater canoe was bought and was painted and outfitted for more "Rangerly" purposes.

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Readerly: See Alice Sebold's recent novel "The Lovely Bones" and the readerly and critical response to it for an example of this phenomenon. Brock Clarke, The Believer, September 2004.

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Ruffianly: We hope that the perpetrators of the wrong may be apprehended and punished, for it is no way to redress one evil to allow a ruffianly gang to take the law into their own hands. Scientific American, September 1858.

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Rumply: Indented below the bottom of that garment, a sliver of white waist; then the rumply roominess of bandana-patched jeans, which made him think of tackling and tickling.

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Quarterbackly: ...and my arm's not all that strong, so I really wouldn't mind letting someone else rip a run while I stand back there looking quarterbackly.

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Readerly: Fiske builds a new concept on top of Barthes's idea of readerly and writerly texts.

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Rocket Scientistly: The most important part is to be a rocket scientist, feel like a rocket scientist, be the damn most rocket scientistly that you can.

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Rocketly: From the graph, we conclude that from 1950 to 1990, transportation by car increased rocketly.

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Sciencely: Even though I am not a sciencely oriented person, he made biology an understandable class and helped me through.

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Semesterly: The Semesterly Blood Drive hosted by Alpha Phi Omega will take place on April 20th in UC 107. Prorating semesterly pay is necessary if an instructor is hired after the semester begins or if an instructor resigns before the end of the semester.

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Seatly: The flight crew wasn't having any of it, though, and promptly ordered him to move back to his original seat. Why in earth's atmosphere would someone punish such a display of seatly selflessness, you might ask? Tracy Clark-Flory, Salon Magazine, 25 June 2010.

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Senatorly: Anyways, on a similar vein: can anyone tell me that this guy does not look like a true born Senator? Moreover, can we not expect this guy to get himself up to all kinds of unsorted Senatorly activities?

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Seniorly: It's possible that I'm just too seniorly or ethnically challenged to fully appreciate this film.

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Sharkly: Truly this ought to have been a favoured vessel, but it seems to have escaped sharkly attentions.

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Sheriffly:

In nature, it is omnicompetent and needs no authorization to hear a case, although for specific reasons, such as sheriffly inactivity, the king might order it to hear a case.
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Sinnerly: You can drop them off while you do sinnerly adult things, but you have to pick them up in less than four hours, not when they are eighteen.

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Situationally: "Your premise is a little too complicated," Mr Chindamo said. "What works well on the Internet is character-based humor, or physically based humor, or situationally based humor." The New York Times, 19 July 2007.

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Skirtly: Thank you for the conversation, free exchange of skirtly garments, and the sharing of spirits (the kind in liquid form, of course).

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Skunkly: I don't see this (very well-supported) claim as involving any more hubris than the claim that squirting possible predators with foul-smelling ethanthiol is a uniquely skunkly trait.

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Sky rocketly: Somehow, being in a team boosted up her spirit sky rocketly.

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Slantly: at an angle; Here is the title of a paper published in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America: Electroacoustic transducer with magnetic flux directed slantly across a diaphragm

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Soap operaly: In the one scene I caught, this couple had just professed their mad love for each other in a soap operaly way.

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Soccerly:

I was more jazzed about the possibility of meeting a lonely, homesick Irish fisherman looking to score, soccerly speaking of course..
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Soft-pornly: In the last scene, she taunts Macy by revealing her half-naked body to him from a soft-pornly curtained window.

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Soldierly: It is a self-inflicted wound caused by officer careerists FRAGGING the military's soldierly values.

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Songwriterly: This album comes out broadly as a songwriterly rock record.

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Sopranoly: These girls sang very VERY sopranoly.

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Speakerly: Because of this shift in point of view, Gates describes Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God as a "speakerly text". As I mentioned above, it's all about the speakerly versus the writerly.

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Spongely: I spongely absorbed the picturesque of the old, old city; and I was often found reading or writing poetry, near a harbour here, or over there. Green olives have properties in them that actually melt deep spongely fat.

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Spudly: I didn't say it was a perfect plan, but I do look forward to the day when I can eat my own meal in peace, undisturbed by those tiny hands that jam themselves into my mashed potatoes to create some kind of spudly terra cotta design.

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Squirely: New York Times Crossword Puzzle, 08 July 2006, 16 Across: Noble and Chivalrous: squirely.

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Steakly: As an anti-Luger choice, we recommend midtown Manhattan's steakly optimal Sparks, which has a remarkable wine list and won't sniff at your plastic.

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Stripperly: Like Cody's choppy cropped hair and visible body mods, her gait is even less stripperly than her media studies degree.

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Studently: Bedsitter - apartment complete 74 sqm - 1 female flatmate - mid 30 - for sharing: living room, eat-in kitchen, bath with tub and toilet, terrace and garden. Studently and modernly furnished From an apartment renting web site in Cologne, Germany. I suspect however that the PM is really annoyed by two notions: firstly, that recent movies and plays and lyrics - "rubbish" - (Clueless, Gattaca, the songs of Paul Kelly) are just as worthy of sustained studently attention as the "traditional texts", which we have to assume is Shakespeare and the Great Tradition. I am looking for a cheap apartment near the SMFA, Fenway, in a studently atmosphere.

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Suitly: If you discover one publisher that suitly meets your learning needs, chances are you wouldn't go wrong buying from the same publisher to meet your other needs.

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Surgeonly: I remember thinking what wonderful hands they were, true indexes of the man's character; broad, white, surgeonly hands.

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Sweaterly: And you did look lovely from your first unkempt sweaterly appearance to the final frost-bitten exit.

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Swimmerly: You have adopted all these swimmerly ways. All those mannerisms of your kind. You adjust your cap and goggles between laps. You blow water from your nose.

So far, the fishes in the back pond are surviving - only lost two and neither of them looked very swimmerly when we got them home.
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Synechdochally: Moose fixed his eyes on the sliding glass door, beyond which lay his small balcony, the autumnal grounds of Versailles, Rockford, Illinois, and the world, whose immensity the glass door thus synechdochally invoked. Jennifer Egan, "Look at Me".

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Tablely: Thinking "Tablely": Thinking in terms of ITOP is more than just storing data, it is using tables to organize programs and program logic. One good thing that happened was that we were talking about Locke and Berkeley's epistemology during KI class and Mr Burge (aka God, because He is) was talking about adverbial theory (adverbial realism?) - "I perceive greyly", "I perceive tablely", "I perceive squarely" - and Siewch and I started cracking up, punderfully, and he was like, oh, all right then ... "I perceive Karen Lee".

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Tailorly: from "The Lifeboat" by RM Ballantyne, The "circumstances", which were easy to her, would have proved remarkably uneasy to many, but she possessed the rare and tailorly quality of being able to cut her coat according to her cloth.

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Teacherly: I decided I'd asserted my teacherly authority enough for one day.

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Techishly: The Valley thinks the City is snobby and decadent, and the City thinks the Valley is techishly boring and uncreative. Douglas Coupland, "Microserfs".

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Technicianly: In that case, I would most likely shim the cracks, because it would be the technicianly thing to do.

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Tennisly:

Tennisly, as well, I am in good condition.
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Termly: For years I had been free of official business: this was no tax at all, it did not distract me from my work: occasionlally, as in those for the next day, the termly agenda contained a point of interest. C P Snow, "The Sleep of Reason"

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Testosteronely: Really, it's about four couples: the owner of the house (Gregory), who's a famous dancer-choreographer, and his blind lover (Bobby); an accountant and a lawyer who have been together so long that they're role models; a rather unpleasant Englishman and his current boyfriend, a testosteronely active Hispanic dancer fascinated by the blind lover; and a musical-comedy aficionado with AIDS and a giggle like Judy Holliday's who falls in love with the evil Englishman's good twin brother, who also has AIDS.

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Theaterly: He is an actorly, theaterly, workshoppy kind of actor, Hoffman. Does Julie Andrews's theaterly habit of holding the top of her sensible hairstyle at the high notes bother anyone else?

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Thick Skinly: Since my shirt is wet and the school didn't even own an automatic hand dryer, I had to thick-skinly go to the general office to get a blouse.

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Tinkerly: Shaft is a well-acted, tinkerly-written action film.

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Toasterly: My own Powerbook regularly becomes toasterly hot and that is a low freq G4.

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Trainerly: Unfortunately, for most trainers, doing Level 3 and Level 4 evaluations are the "trainerly equivalent of flossing your teeth."

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Trouserly:

...the slouching boys who have reversed the old feminist revolution in clothing by wearing the trouserly equivalent of hoop skirts and other items that you can't do any hard work in;
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Truckerly: Evening shadows fall across my fine truckerly physique.

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Un-Canadianly: In his heyday, Pierre Trudeau ran his country with a panache that was aggressively and un-Canadianly immodest.

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Un-Indianly: I thought the food was un-Indianly spiced.

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Unixly: If you are sure your m3u files have good paths (i.e. unixly pathed, with relative paths relative to the directory the m3u is in), then you can turn on m3u processing by setting this directive to 1.

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Un-Toothly: The truth: Even star constellations look more like what they are supposed to resemble than the building does to a molar. A model in the lobby of the building shows the unique, but un-toothly appearance of the structure.

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User-Co-Workerly: A monstrosity whose meaning I haven't the heart to imagine: Our website is both user-co-workerly and well organized, allowing visitors to participate in polls and more.

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Videoly: Yes indeed she is pregnant. Plus she assures us she will keep us posted, videoly, throughout the bump growing process.

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Virusly: With Datavim CSM, the operation will not be affected and can run efficiently even when the computer or individual staff is virusly infected.

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Waffly: (that is, like a waffle, that is, indecisive, or worse yet, ambigucisive):

Mr Tusk used humour, calmness and command of the facts to flatter Mr Kaczynski, allegedly flu-ridden, who came across as bombastic and waffly. The Economist, 27 October 2007.
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Waiterly: They grudgingly do this on request, but the white roses on the table almost wither beneath the weight of waiterly contempt.

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Waterly: All digged soil was waterly filtered by using a wire gauze with a mesh width of 1.5 mm. Bones from herrings and other fishes were discovered

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Weaponly: Her roasted, toasted fare is served on our finest silver; she holds and uses the sharp and glittering pieces of cutlery with a weaponly dexterity. Iain Banks, "A Song of Stone".

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Weddingly: My wife got married in Pumas; we bought two pairs and decided on the other ones, which were more weddingly.

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Welcomely: If I told my mom and dad we were moving to New York, they would take us both welcomely into their arms. Professional drone Scott Disick, on the artificial celebrity show "Keeping Up With the Kardashians".

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Whorely: The word's gotten out that Angie whorely slept with some other man before she got pregnant so the kid may not be Brad's.

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Workly: Tsup? Life a li'l hectic at home, not socially but workly.

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Workerly:

Workerly homosociality is particularly conducive for staging a strike... New alliances must be sought on the basis of workerly solidarity.
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Writerly: "Austen's History of England of 1791, 'by a partial, prejudiced and ignorant Historian' is a little comic masterpiece, which displays an assured feel for irony, a talent for understatement, and a very writerly capacity to simultaneously postulate and subvert." Stuart Kelly, in "The Book of Lost Books". "Writerly" writing abounds in the early chapters, especially at the very beginning of the novel. Here's another gem from page 1: "Two empty hours were a sinus in which infections bred." This is as "writerly" as even DeLillo could ask - the sort of overwriting English professors love.

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Zenly: This picture causes me to feel zenly. The longer I look at it the more zenly I'm feeling all over. Zenly should not be confused with tingly.....Zenly would be that moment when you sink into a bubble bath that's just the perfect temperature. That first moment of "ahhhhh." Now, that's feelin' zenly! Tingly is a totally different feeling. So whatever Zen means to anyone else doesn't really matter to me....I'm too busy feeling zenly!

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Zen-masterly: Let's just say that I'd read Kerouac the year before, and had conceived the usual picture of myself as an outlaw-poet-pathfinder, a kind of Zen-masterly John C. Fremont on amphetamines with a marbled dime-store pad of lined paper in the back pocket of my denim pants. Michael Chabon, "The Wonder Boys".

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Zoot-Suitly: ...racist stereotypes about black people: the curly hair, the pearly teeth, the ready smile, dressing in the latest zoot-suitly style, etc.

Alibi
In Arabic, the word "al" means "the". In Arabic, the "the" tends to stick more closely with the nouns it precedes. Words and placenames borrowed from Arabic often include the

initial "al", and, conversely, words with an initial "al" often have an Arabic origin. Purists sometimes are dismayed at the repetition inherent in calling something "The Alhambra", for instance. Note that this kind of confusion can work both ways. The city of Alexandria, in Egypt, became in Arabic al-Iskandariyya, taking the first part of Alexander's name to be "the"!
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albacore, Arabic al-bukr, the young camel; albatross, Spanish alcatras, Arabic al-gattas, the white-tailed sea eagle; Alcatraz, Spanish alcatras, Arabic al-gattas, the white-tailed sea eagle; alcaide, (the governor of a Spanish fort), Arabic al-qa'id, the commander; alcalde, (mayor of a Spanish town), Arabic al-qadi, the judge; alcazar, (a Spanish palace), Arabic al-qasr, the castle; alchemy, Arabic al-kimiya, the chemistry; alcohol, Arabic al-kuhl, the kohl, the powder of antimony; alcove, Spanish alcoba, Arabic al-qubbah, the vault; Aldebaran, Arabic, al-dabaran, the follower (of the Pleiades); alembic, Arabic, al-ambiq, the still; alfalfa, Arabic, al-fasfasah; algarroba, Arabic al-Kharrubah, the carob; the Algarve, Arabic al-gharb, the west, the southernmost region of Portugal; algebra, Arabic al-jebr, the rejoining; Algeciras, Arabic al-Jaza'ir AlKhadra, the island that is green; Algeria, Arabic al-Jaza'ir bani mazghanna, the islands...of the tribe of Ait Mazghanna; Algol, Arabic al-gul, the ghoul; algorithm, Arabic al-Khwarazmi, the native of Khwarazm, a nickname of a 9th century Arabic mathematician; alguazil, Arabic al-wazir; the Alhambra, Arabic al-hamra, the red (house); Alicante, Arabic, city of lights; alidade, Arabic al-idadah, the revolving radius; alizari, Arabic al-acarah, the juice pressed out; alkali, Arabic al-qaliy, the ashes; almacantar, Arabic al-qantarah, the bridge; The Almagest, Arabic al-majist, the greatest; almanac, Arabic al-manakh,the calendar; Altair, Arabic al nasr attair, the eagle flying; apricot, French abricot, Spanish albaricoque, Arabic al birquq, possibly derived from Latin praecoquus or "precocious", because the apricot blooms and ripens early; artichoke, Italian articiocco, Spanish alcarchofa, Arabic al harshaf or al karshuf, meaning...the artichoke. (The plant called "Jerusalem artichoke" gets its name from a misunderstanding of the Italian girasole or "turning-to-the-sun"; also, it's not an artichoke.)

Impostors
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aliquot, meaning whole parts; thus, when considering division, 3 is an aliquot part of 21 because it is contained exactly 7 times. Here the roots are alius for "other" and quot for "how many". alkahest or alcahest, is a name for the Philosopher's Stone or the universal solvent, a hypothetical material that could dissolve all materials, including gold. This name is supposed to have been invented by Paracelsus (the name taken on by the alchemist Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim), on the model of words with a true Arabic past such as alchemy, alcohol and alkali.

200 Words and Expressions That Tick You Off
When invited to submit expressions that ticked them off, readers responded enthusiastically--with clichés, usage errors, redundancies, misspellings, mispronunciations, and specimens of slang, jargon, and textspeak. Here (with readers' comments in parentheses) are 200 pet peeves submitted by some very ticked-off defenders of the English language. 1. @ (instead of "at") 2. actually 3. added bonus 4. ain't 5. aks (instead of "ask") 6. all I’m saying is 7. all-new 8. alot (instead of "a lot") 9. appropriate and inappropriate 10. asterick (instead of "asterisk")

11. ATM machine 12. at the end of the day 13. at this point in time 14. awesome! 15. baby bump 16. back in the day 17. back to you at the studio 18. basically (as a sentence adverb) 19. beautiful (a favorite of real estate agents, writers of travel brochures, and Martha Stewart)

20. been there, done that

21. between you and I 22. birthing 23. bling and bling-bling 24. boots on the ground (News readers, politicians, military men, congressmen, bureaucrats--they’re all guilty of this idiotic tautology.) 25. bottom line 26. breaking news 27. breaking weather 28. buy one, get one 29. cain’t 30. change (political talk)

31. comprised of 32. couch potato (favorite phrase of the woman whom my husband left me for) 33. could care less (instead of "couldn't care less") 34. crisis 35. cruisin’ for a bruisin’ 36. cutting edge 37. decimate (to mean the total annihilation of something, rather than a tenth) 38. defensing 39. definly, defaly, and definally (misspellings and mispronunciations of "definitely") 40. devastated (as in "I was devastated," meaning I was very upset)

41. different than (instead of "different from") 42. dog do-do 43. dress it up and dress it down 44. drill down (as in "look further into a situation or document") 45. dude 46. due to the fact that 47. efforting (instead of "making an effort to find") 48. empathetic (instead of "empathic") 49. end result 50. Enjoy! (as used by waiters and writers)

51. estate homes (when describing new housing developments with 1/4-acre lots) 52. exact same

53. ex cetera (instead of "et cetera") 54. executive driven (when referring to used cars) 55. expresso (instead of "espresso") 56. facilitate 57. fire me off one 58. fixin’ to 59. folks 60. fresh baked bread

61. from day one 62. from now (redundancy after time phrases, as in "The game starts in 20 minutes from now") 63. future plans 64. give 110% 65. Give it your best. 66. going forward (as in "We will adopt the new policy going forward”) 67. go out there (sports talk) 68. got (using "they’ve got" instead of "they have") 69. graduated college (instead of "graduated from college") 70. ground zero (for the shabby start of any project or idea, as in “I’ve been hungry for pizza from ground zero, dude”)

71. guesstimate 72. guys 73. harm's way 74. has (for "have," as in “There’s been two accidents”) 75. Have a good one. 76. Have a nice one. 77. healthy food (instead of "healthful food") 78. hisself 79. hopefully (and other so-called sentence adverbs) 80. *Hugz!*

81. hunker down 82. I (as in “The gift was given to Tom and I”) 83. ID (for "identify" and "identification") 84. I’d like to be perfectly honest 85. If we don’t have it, you don’t need it! 86. I mean 87. I’m going on break now (instead of "I’m going to take my lunch break now")

88. I’m just saying 89. I’m not gonna go down that road 90. I’m not gonna lie

91. impacted (instead of “affected,” as in "The delay impacted our project") 92. incent (an example of corporate-speak) 93. infer (instead of "imply" when the meaning is "to suggest") 94. In my opinion I believe 95. irregardless 96. irrespective 97. I seen 98. issues 99. iteration (used in ways that have nothing to do with math) 100. It is what it is.

101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. rope)

It’s heavenly. I’ve came just as soon keep everyone in the loop keepin’ it real lab-ul (for "liable") Leave it be. like (as abused by the young) likely (as in "The senate will likely spend tax dollars on . . .) literally (as in "I was literally at the end of my rope!” when there is no

111. load shedding (instead of "blackout") 112. LOL 113. make no mistake 114. market basket of goods and services (when used to calculate the consumer price index) 115. me and him (as in "Me and him are going to the movies") 116. mitigate (instead of "militate") 117. momentarily (instead of "in a moment," as in "The plane will land momentarily") 118. move forward 119. must have 120. my bad

121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130.

near miss next steps and best practices (examples of corporate mindshare speak) no problem (instead of "you're welcome") nucular (for "nuclear") Nuff said. of (for "have," as in "I should of . . .") oh (instead of "zero"--especially in telephone numbers) okay on accident (instead of "by accident") one less (instead of "one fewer")

131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140.

OMG on the same page over-achiever paradigm shift parent (as a verb) PIN number preggers prioritise/prioritize proactive Punxatawney Phil (a phailed attempt at alliteration)

141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150.

pushing the envelope raising the bar reach out reiterate repeat again return back sackerfice fly (sportscaster-speak for "sacrifice fly") shoulda situation so . . . (instead of a period at the end of a sentence)

151. 152. 153. 154. 155.

spend the night stand on line (instead of "stand in line") stood in bed (“I shoulda stood in bed,” instead of "stayed in bed") Sup? (instead of "What’s up?") supposibly

156. 157. 158. 159. 160.

team player temper (as in "He has a temper") temperature (instead of "fever," as in "I have a temperature") there, their, and they’re (commonly confused) That’s what she said.

161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170.

thing (when used instead of something more specific) think outside the box think the unthinkable This tastes refreshing. those that (instead of "those who" when speaking of people) to be honest with you tolerance tons (as in "tons of stocks") troops (when referring to individual soldiers) 24/7

171. uhhh 172. umm 173. Understand what I'm saying? 174. undocumented workers (instead of "illegal aliens") 175. unique 176. unsweet tea 177. up or down vote 178. upmost (instead of "utmost," as in “I have the upmost confidence in your abilities") 179. utilize (instead of "use") 180. veggies

181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190.

very (as in "very overwhelming") very unique vision (political talk) vow (instead of "say") wait on (instead of "wait for") whatever whatever it is What were you thinking? whenever (instead of "when") Where are you at? (instead of "Where are you?")

191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200.

Where is it at? without further ado would of (instead of “would have”) yell-o (instead of "hello") You feel me? You follow me? You got gas? you know You know what I’m saying? your and you're (commonly confused)

10 Words for Categories of Words
ntonym, homonym, pseudonym. Do nyms make you numb? Here’s a handy guide to words, familiar or unfamiliar, for classes of words: Acronym: An abbreviation, pronounced as a word, consisting of the initial letters of a multiword name or expression. It can consist entirely of uppercase letters (NASA) – thought British English has adopted an initial-cap style, which is employed in American English for longer acronyms like Nasdaq — or lowercase letters (radar); the latter are also known as anacronyms. Anepronym: A trademarked brand name now used generically, such as aspirin or kleenex. Antonym: A word distinguished from another with an opposite meaning, such as large, as compared to small. There’s also a class of words called autoantonyms, contranyms, or contronyms, single words with contrasting meanings, like oversight, which can mean either “responsibility for” or “failure to be responsible for.” Eponym: A proper or common name deriving from another name, as San Francisco (in honor of St. Francis) or many scientific terms, such as watt (named after James Watt) and volt (from Allesandro Volta). Heteronym: A word spelled the same way for different meanings, such as wear (to clothe oneself) as opposed to wear (to atrophy); sometimes, as in this case, however, they have the same origin. A heteronym can be pronounced differently depending on meaning, such as bass, the musical instrument, and bass, the fish; this type of word is also called a heterophone. Homonym: A word pronounced or spelled the same but different in meaning, like hi and high (also called homophones). Bass, referred to above, is both a heteronym and a homonym. (Does that make it a binym or a duonym?) The homonym sow, which can

mean a female animal such as a pig or can refer to planting seeds, is also a homograph, meaning that not only its pronunciation but also its origin and definition can differ. Metonym: A term that identifies something by its association: Articles about Microsoft often used to refer to the company metonymically as Redmond, the city in Washington State where its headquarters are located, just as Washington stands in for the U.S. government. Pseudonym: A name adopted by an author, such as Charles Lutwidge Dodgson’s use of Lewis Carroll. In a literary context, this is often referred to as a nom de plume (“name of the pen”). A related term is nom de guerre (“name of war”), originally in reference to French Foreign Legion enlistees who masked their identities but since then employed by guerrilla fighters to avoid reprisals against their families. Other examples of pseudonyms include stage names (performing arts), ring names (professional wrestling), and handles (computer hacking, or CB or ham radio operation). Synonym: A word with the same meaning as another, such as small, as compared to little. Toponym: A place name, whether it retains capitalization, or is lowercased in generic usage, such as burgundy. Dozens of other -nym words exist — many for, as you might imagine, obscure classes of words.

200 Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs (A - B)
Definition: Two or more words that have the same sound or spelling but differ in meaning. Adjectives: homonymic and homonymous. Generally, the term homonym refers both to homophones (words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings, such as which and witch) and to homographs (words that are spelled the same but have different meanings, such as "bow your head" and "tied in a bow"). Note that some dictionaries and textbooks define and distinguish these three terms in different ways. Some equate homonyms only with homophones (words that sound the same). Others equate homonymns only with homographs (words that look the same). See the observations by Tom McArthur and David Rothwell, below. Also see Homophones

and Homographs: An American Dictionary, 4th ed., by James B. Hobbs (McFarland & Company, 2006). See also:
• • • • • • • • •

200 Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words Confusables Heteronyms "A Misspelled Tail," by Elizabeth T. Corbett Polysemy Pun Quiz on 20 Commonly Confused Words Review Quiz: Commonly Confused Words

Etymology:
From the Greek, "same name"

Examples and Observations:
•

"Do the Dew" (advertising slogan for Mountain Dew)

•

"His death, which happen'd in his berth, At forty-odd befell: They went and told the sexton, and The sexton toll'd the bell." (Thomas Hood, "Faithless Sally Brown")

•

"'Attend your Church,' the parson cries: To church each fair one goes; The old go there to close their eyes, The young to eye their clothes."

•

"'Mine is a long and sad tale!' said the Mouse, turning to Alice, and sighing. "'It is a long tail, certainly,' said Alice, looking down with wonder at the Mouse's tail; 'but why do you call it sad?'" (Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

•

"Your children need your presence more than your presents." (Jesse Jackson)

•

I enjoy bass fishing and playing the bass guitar.

•

The group's lead singer carried a lead pipe for protection.

•

"There are three kinds [of homonyms]: those that sound and look alike (bank a slope, bank a place for money, and bank a bench or row of switches); homophones, that sound alike but do not look alike (coarse, course); and homographs, that look alike but do not sound alike (the verb lead, the metal lead). . . . There are over 3,000 homographs in the Concise Oxford Dictionary (8th edition, 1990)." (Tom McArthur, Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford Univ. Press, 1992)

•

"The reason that there is confusion and a lack of clarity over homonym is that it is closely related to two other words, homograph and homophone. I shall, therefore, define these words first. 1. A homograph is a word that is spelt identically to another word but none the less has a different meaning and probably a different origin. You will doubtless be annoyed if you tear your trousers while climbing over a fence. Indeed, you may be so upset that you shed a tear. As you can see, 'tear' and 'tear' are spelt identically, but they are pronounced differently and have entirely different meanings. They are good examples of a homograph. Many homographs are not even pronounced differently. Thus the word 'hide' sounds exactly the same whether you are talking about the skin of an animal, a measure of land or the verb meaning to conceal or keep out of sight.

2. A homophone is a word that sounds exactly like another word, but has a different meaning and a different spelling. If you stand on the stair and

stare at the picture, you have a good example of a couple of homophones. . .. It is possible for a word to be a homograph or a homophone. However, whatever the word may be, it is also, by definition, a homonym. In other words, homonym is a conceptual word that embraces both homographs and homophones. . . . [H]omonym is just the collective noun for homograph and homophone." (David Rothwell, Dictionary of Homonyms. Wordsworth, 2007) Pronunciation: HOM-i-nims

Homonyms, Homophones, & Homographs
One thing that sometimes makes English spelling and pronunciation very challenging is often-confused words called homophones, homonyms, and homographs. Homophones are two or more words with the same pronunciation but different spellings, meanings, or origins. Here are a few very common examples: homophones ail ale brake break close clothes doe do dough [ klóuz ] clothes [ dóu ] pronunciation [ éil ] [ bréik ] meanings be sick a kind of alcoholic drink stop by using a brake shatter; disconnect; free time opposite of open apparel; things to wear female deer or rabbit first note of the musical scale (do, re, mi, fa . . .) mixture of flour, water, etc. used for making bread

aye eye I feat feet hay hey in inn leased least mail male pain pane rain reign rein sane seine

[ ái ]

yes (in the navy and in meetings) you see with it

[ fíyt ]

first person singular accomplishment or achievement plural of foot dried grass used to feed animals informal word used to get someone's attention within; inside small hotel rented superlative of less

[ héi ]

[ In ]

[ líyst ]

[ méil ]

letters, packages, etc. opposite of female

[ péin ]

ache piece of glass in a window

[ réin ]

kind of precipitation rule, govern (formal) thin piece of leather used to control a horse

[ séin ]

showing good mental judgment; not "crazy" fishing net

to too two

[ túw ]

toward also; "negative very" one plus one

In addition to homophones (words with the same sound, but different spellings, meanings, or origins), there are also homographs (words with the same spellings, but different meanings, origins, or pronunciations. There are two large subgroups: Subgroup 1: These common words have the same spelling and pronunciation, but very different meanings and/or origins. Common examples: homographs bear (N) bear (V) date (N) date (V) fast (Adj) fast (V) hide (N) hide (V) net (N) net (Adj) pick (N) pick (V) differences* bear (N): a kind of animal bear (V): to carry date (N): a kind of fruit; a calendar time date (V): to determine the age; to "go out" fast (Adj): quick fast (V): to abstain from (choose not to eat) food hide (N): animal skin hide (V): to conceal net (N): woven trap made of rope or cord net (Adj): amount remaining after deductions pick (N): a kind of tool pick (V): to choose

* Check an English-English dictionary or an etymological dictionary to see the different origins of many of these words.

Subgroup 2: These words have the same spelling, but different stress. The stress changes for the noun and verb forms of these words. Examples:

homographs* áddress (N) addréss (V)

differences address (N): where one lives address (V): to give a speech; to write an address compress (N): medicine put on a cloth and worn next to the skin compress (V): press together

cómpress (N) compréss (V)

éxport (N) expórt (V)

export (N): something that is exported export (V): to send a product outside a country (to be sold) ínsult (N): insulting action or words insúlt (V): to say or do something which is offensive or rude convert (N): someone who has changed from one group (for example, a religion) to another convert (V): to change from one form to another

ínsult (N) insúlt (V)

cónvert (N) convért (Adj)

désert (N) desért (V)

desert (N): dry place desert (V): abandon

There are also homographs with the same spelling, but different pronunciations and meanings. Here are a few examples: read (present tense--pronounced [ ríyd ] / read (past tense--pronounced [ red ] lead (verb--pronounced [ líyd ] / lead (noun [Pb]--pronounced [ led ] do (noun [music]--pronounced [ dóu ] / do (verb--pronounced [ dúw ]

In yesterday's Hint we learned that homographs are words with the same spelling, but different meanings, origins, or pronunciations. In the Hint for two days ago, we learned that homophones are words with the same pronunciation, but different spellings, meanings, or origins. What, then, are homonyms? Answer: Some references say that homonyms are words with the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings (like top meaning "highest surface," top meaning "a kind of spinning toy," and top meaning "to be better or more than"). Other references use homonym to mean both homographs and homophones. It's confusing!
These charts--which list some of the most common homonyms, homophones, and homographs--should help you to recognize the differences between many commonly confused words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. accept/except to buy/by/bye (below) capital/capitol to eminent/imminent (page two) fair/fare to lie/lye (page three) meat/meet/mete to role/roll (page four) scene/seen to whine/wine (page five)

Homonyms, Homophones, & Homographs (A - B)
accept - take in ad - advertisement advice - guidance aid - assist, assistance ail - to suffer poor health air - atmosphere aisle - a passage allusion - an indirect reference altar - table in a church except - other than add - join, combine advise - recommend aide - one who gives assistance ale - a beverage heir - one who inherits property I'll - contraction of I will illusion - false appearance alter - to change isle - island

ate - past tense of eat eight - the number 8 bail - to clear water band - a ring, something that binds bare - uncovered bases - starting points beat - to strike, overcome blew - past tense of blow bread - baked food item buy - purchase bail - release of a prisoner band - a group bear - large animal bases - four stations on a baseball field beat - exhausted blue - the color bred - produced by - near, through bye - goodbye bale - a large bundle banned prohibited bear - support, yield basis - a basic principle beet - a plant with red roots

Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs (C - E)
capital - punishable capitol - building where capital - chief city by death legislature meets ceiling - top of a room cell - small unit cent - a penny sealing - setting, fastening sell - to give up for money scent - an odor sent - past tense of send

chews - gnaws with choose - to select teeth cite - mention, quote sight - vision coarse - rough course - path, procedure site - place

complement - make compliment complete praise conduct - behavior council - assembly conduct - to lead counsel - advice, to advise deer - the animal

days - plural of day daze - stun dear - loved one,

valued desert - to abandon desert - dry land die - expire discreet - tactful dual - double elicit - draw out eminent distinguished dye - color discrete - distinct duel - fight illicit - illegal imminent - soon dessert - after-dinner treat

Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs (F - L)
fair - pleasing, impartial find - locate fir - a pine tree flea - insect flour - milled wheat for - (preposition) foreword - preface grate - to irritate groan - moan hall - auditorium, dormitory hear - listen higher - taller, more advanced hoarse - rough sounding its - (possessive pronoun) jam - to force or block know - to fair - gathering, exhibition fined - charged (past tense of fine) fur - a coat or covering flee - to escape flower - plant fore - front, forward forward - related to direction grate - a frame grown - matured haul - to carry here - this place hire - to employ horse - the animal it's - it is jam - jelly no - negative jamb - part of a door or window great - large, superior four - the number 4 fare - fee for transportation

understand lead - the metal lessen - to decrease lie - to recline lead - to direct lesson - an example or unit of instruction lie - tell an untruth lye - used in making soap led - past tense of lead (directed)

Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs (M - R)
meat - food meet - to encounter mete - to give out miner - a worker in a minor - someone under minor - lesser or mine legal age smaller missed - past tense of miss one - the number 1 pail - a container pair - two of something mist - a light rain won - past tense of win pale - not bright or colorful pare - remove, cut back pear - the fruit past - (preposition)

passed - past form of past - a previous time pass patience - endurance peace - absence of conflict plain - treeless land poor - lacking possessions principal - main, most important profit - gain raise - lift rap - knock patients - people under medical care piece - a portion plain - simple, unadorned pore - to read carefully principal - head of a school prophet - someone who foretells events rays - beams of light rap - hip-hop

plane - aircraft pour - to cause to flow principle - rule

raze - demolish wrap - cover, conceal roll - a portion of bread

role - character, part roll - to move forward

Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs (S - W)
sail - fabric used to move a ship sale - the act of selling

scene - setting or a part seen - past participle of a play of see seam - a line formed by joining two pieces shear - to cut soar - to rise or fly stair - step stake - pointed piece of wood stationary - unmoving tail - rear part team - group threw - past tense of throw seem - to appear sheer - transparent sore - hurt stare - gaze steak - a slice of beef stationery - writing materials tale - story teem - to be present in large quantity through (preposition)

tide - rising and falling tied - fastened of water vain - conceited, fruitless vane - device for showing wind direction vein - a blood vessel, streak, or crack

waist - mid-section of waste - to spend, wear the body away way - a course or manner weigh - to measure

weak - frail, not strong week - seven days weather - atmospheric whether - if conditions whine - complain wine - an alcoholic drink

Heteronyms
The words homograph, homogram, homophone, homonym, and heteronym are frequently confused, sometimes even by permissive dictionaries eager to reflect common usage rather than proper meaning. Homograph and homogram, which are synonyms, refer to

words that are spelled the same but differ in meaning, derivation, or pronunication. Homophones are words that are pronounced the same but differ in meaning, derivation, or spelling. Homonyms are words that are both homographs and homophones: words that are spelled and pronounced the same but differ in meaning or derivation. Heteronyms are a type of homograph. They are words that are spelled the same but differ in meaning and pronunciation. All heteronyms are also homographs, but not all homographs are heteronyms. Many heteronyms are similar in meaning (especially a related noun and verb are spelled the same but pronounced differently), while others are wholly unrelated. Here is a list of some of the most common heteronyms in the English language:
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

affect - (ah-FECT) to change; (AF-fect) feeling or emotion alternate - (ALT-er-nit) another choice; (ALT-er-NAIT) switch back and forth appropriate - (ap-PROPE-ri-ATE) to take possession of; (ap-PROPE-ri-it) suitable are - (AIR) 100 square meters (a hundredth of a hectare); (AHR) plural present tense of "to be" arithmetic - (a-RITH-me-tic) a branch of mathematics; (AIR-ith-MET-ic) characteristic of arithmetic attribute - (at-TRIB-ute) to ascribe; (AT-trib-ute) characteristic axes - (AX-ez) plural of axe; (AX-eez) plural of axis bass - (BASE) a stringed instrument; (BASS) a fish bow - (rhymes with "how") to incline the head in greeting; also, front of a ship; (rhymes with "tow") weapon that shoots arrows bowed - (rhymes with "how'd") inclined the head in greeting; (rhymes with "towed") bent buffet - (BUF-fet) to hit; (buf-FAY, boof-FAY) a meal at which guests serve themselves from dishes on display close - (CLOZE) to shut; (CLOHSS) nearby combine - (COM-bine) threshing machine; (com-BINE) put together conduct - (CON-duct) behavior; (con-DUCT) to direct or manage conflict - (CON-flict) disagreement or fight; (con-FLICT) to be in opposition console - (CON-sole) upright case; also, computer terminal; (con-SOLE) to comfort consort - (CON-sort) companiobn or partner; (con-SORT) to keep company construct - (CON-struct) something constructed; (con-STRUCT) to assemble content - (CON-tent) substantive part; (con-TENT) satisfied contest - (CON-test) competition; (con-TEST) to dispute contract - (CON-tract) agreement; (con-TRACT) to shrink or to agree on a project convert - (CON-vert) one whose belief was changed; (con-VERT) to change one's belief converse - (CON-verse) opposite; (con-VERSE) to talk convict - (CON-vict) prisoner; (con-VICT) to find guilty crooked - (CROOKD) bended; (CROOK-ed) bent

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

deliberate - (de-LIB-er-ate) carefully considered; (de-lib-er-ATE) to consider desert - (DES-ert) arid region; (de-SERT) to leave; also, something deserved digest - (DIE-jest) collection of published material; (die-JEST) absorb nutrients do - (DOO) to accomplish; (DOE) musical note does - (DUZ) performs; (DOZE) multiple female deer dove - (rhymes with "love") a bird; (rhymes with "hove") jumped off drawer - (DROR) compartment that is opened by pulling out; (DRAW-er) one who draws ellipses - (ee-LIP-sez) plural of ellipse; (ee-LIP-seez) plural of ellipsis entrance - (EN-trance) entry way; (en-TRANCE) to captivate evening - (EVE-ning) the time of day between afternoon and night; (EVE-en-ing) making even excuse - (EX-cuze) to let someone off; (ex-KYEWSS) justifying explanation house - (HOWSS) building that serves as living quarters; (HOWZ) to provide with living quarters incense - (IN-cense) substance that produces a pleasant aroma when burned; (inCENSE) to anger intern - (IN-tern) a worker in training; (in-TERN) confine to a prescribed area invalid - (IN-val-id) someone who is sick or disabled; (in-VAL-id) not valid laminate - (LAM-in-it) a layered construct; (LAM-in-ATE) to construct by layering lather - (hard "th") foam or suds; (soft "th") one who installs lath (lattice) lead - (LEED) to guide; (LED) a metallic element minute - (MIN-it) sixty seconds; (my-NOOT) tiny moderate - (MOD-er-it) not excessive or extreme; (mod-er-ATE) to preside over mow - (rhymes with "cow") pile of hay stored in a barn; (rhymes with "tow") to cut grass multiply - (MULT-i-PLY) to perform the mathematical operation of multiplication on; (MULT-i-plee) in a multiple manner number - (NUM-ber) a discrete value or quantity; (NUM-mer) more numb nun - (NUN) women in a religious order; (NOON) the fourteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet object - (OB-ject) thing; (ob-JECT) to protest overhead - (OVE-er-head) operating expenses; also, an overhead projector; (over-HEAD) high; above the level of the head pasty - (PAY-stee) like glue; (PASS-tee) meat pie pate - (PATE) top of the head; (PAT) porcelain paste; (pa-TAY) a minced food perfect - (PER-fect) flawless; (per-FECT) to make flawless periodic - (PEER-ee-ODD-ic) occasional; (PURE-eye-ODD-ic) an iodine compound permit - (PER-mit) document giving permission; (per-MIT) to allow present - (PREZ-ent) gift; (pre-ZENT) to introduce primer - (PRIHM-er) elementary book; (PRY-mer) undercoat of paint produce - (PRO-duce) vegetables; (pro-DUCE) bring forth project - (PRO-ject) task; (pro-JECT) to forecast; also, to show a movie protest - (PRO-test) an objection; (pro-TEST) to object

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

pussy - (PUHS-ee) having pus; (POOH-see) kitten raven - (RAY-ven) a black bird; (RAV-en) hungry rebel - (REB-el) one who refuses allegiance or opposes (re-BEL) to refuse allegiance or oppose record - (REC-ord) a documented account; (re-CORD) to set down to preserve recreation - (REC-ree-A-shun) entertaining or relaxing pastime; (REE-cree-Ashun) something that is remade, recreated refuse - (REF-yoos) garbage; (ref-YOOZ) to deny relay - (REE-lay) a race in which members of a team take turns racing; (ree-LAY) to lay again; (rih-LAY) to pass along repeat - (RE-peat) repeated television show; (re-PEAT) to perform again rerun - (RE-run) repeated television show; (re-RUN) to run again resign - (re-ZINE) to quit; (re-SIGN) to sign again resume - (ree-ZOOM) to restart; (REH-zoom-ay) document of professional experience row - (rhymes with "cow") a fight; (rhymes with "tow") a series of objects; also, to propel a boat with oars sake - (SAKE) purpose; (SAH-kee) alcoholic drink secreted - (SEE-cret-ed) placed out of sight; (see-CREET-ed) emitted separate - (SEP-ar-ATE) to set apart; (SEP-ret) not joined together sewer - (SOE-wer) one who sews; (SOO-wer) channel for human waste slough - (rhymes with "tough") outer layer or covering that is shed; (rhymes with "cow") a hole filled with deep mud or mire; (rhymes with "through") a marsh sow - (rhymes with "cow") a pig; (rhymes with "tow") to plant seed subject - (SUB-ject) the theme; also, one ruled by another; (sub-JECT) to force upon suspect - (SUS-pect) one suspected of a crime; (sus-PECT) to have suspicion tear - (TARE) to rip; (TEER) a drop of the clear liquid emitted by the eye unionized - (YOON-yon-ized) belonging to a union; (un-I-on-ized) not converted into ions wind - (rhymes with "find") to coil up; (WINNED) moving air wound - (WOOND) to injure; (WOWND) coiled up

Sometimes a word changes meaning and pronunciation based on whether the first letter is capitalized or not. Since the only difference in the way the words are written is capitalization, these words are also heteronyms:
• • • •

Ares - (AIRS, lower case) multiple units of 100 square meters; (AIR-eez, capitalized) the Greek god of war August - (au-GUST, lower case) important; (AU-gust, capitalized) the eighth month of the year Embarrass - (em-BAR-rass, lower case) mortify; (AUM-bro, capitalized) a river in eastern Illinois Ewe - (YOO, lower case) a female sheep; (AY-way, capitalized) a member of a people inhabiting southeast Ghana, southern Togo, and southern Benin.

• • • •

• • • • • •

Job - (JOBB, lower case) task or position of employment; (JOBE, capitalized) the author of one of the books of the Bible Lima - (LIE-ma, lower case) a type of bean; (LEE-ma, capitalized) the capital of Peru Magdalen - (MAG-da-len, lower case) a reformed prostitute; (MAUD-len) a college in Oxford Male - (MAIL, lower case) of, relating to, or designating the sex that has organs to produce spermatozoa for fertilizing ova; (MAH-lee, capitalized) the capital of the Maldives Natal - (NATE-al, lower case) relating to one's birth; (na-TAHL, capitalized) a region of southeast Africa; also, a city in northeast Brazil Nice - (NICE, lower case) pleasant; (NEECE, capitalized) a city in France Polish - (PALL-ish, lower case) shine; (POE-lish, capitalized) from Poland Rainier - (RANE-ee-er, lower case) more rainy; (ray-NEER, capitalized) a volcanic peak in Washington Reading - (REED-ing, lower case) observing and comprehending written words; (RED-ing, capitalized) a borough in south-central England Worms - (WERMS, lower case) plural of worm; (VORMS, capitalized) a city in southwest Germany