1 !hat are the "our ma#or elements "oun$ in the chemicals that comprise the hu human man bo$y% a nitrogen& o'ygen& calcium& so$ium b hy$rogen& h y$rogen& carbon& phosphorus& calcium c carbon& hy$rogen& o'ygen an$ nitrogen $ o'ygen& nitrogen& potassium& calcium e potassium& phosphorus& so$ium& hy$rogen Ans(er: c )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.1 $enti"y the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
2 The three types o" subatomic particles pa rticles that are important "or un$erstan$ing chemical reactions in the human bo$y are a neutrons& 5uarks& an$ muons. b protons& neutrons& an$ electrons. c muons& positons& an$ neutrons. $ electrons& 5uarks& an$ protons. e positons& protons& an$ neutrons. Ans(er: b )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
6 !hich o" the "ollo(ing subatomic particles has a neutral charge%
a neutron b electron c proton $ 7oth neutron an$ electron. e All o" these choices. Ans(er: a )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
4 !hat region o" an atom contains the protons an$ neutrons% a clou$ b nucleus c element $ ring e shell Ans(er: b )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
8 The number o" protons in an atom is represente$ by an element9s a mass number. b atomic number. c atomic mass. $ -alence number. e None o" these choices. Ans(er: b )i""iculty: *asy
+earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
The nucleus o" unstable
o" an element (ill $ecay lea$ing to emission o" ra$iation.
a compoun$s b cations c anions $ isotopes e molecules Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
; This re"ers to a (eighte$ a-erage o" the atomic (eights o" all naturally occurring isotopes o" an element. a mass number b atomic number c atomic mass $ ionic mass e co-alent mass Ans(er: c )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
Question type: *ssay
< )escribe a bene"icial use o" ra$iation. Ans(er: )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$ olution: a$iation can be use$ "or me$ical imaging& as tracers to "ollo( che chemicals micals in the bo$y& an$ as treatments "or certain types o" cancers. can cers.
= 7rie"ly $escribe the octet rule. Ans(er: )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.1 )escribe ho( -alence electrons "orm chemical bon$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 6: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.2 Chemical 7on$s olution: ,ne atom is more likely to interact (ith another atom i" $oing so (ill lea-e both atoms (ith eight electrons in their -alence shells.
Question type: Multiple Choice
10 !hich o" the "ollo(ing subatomic particles are share$ by t(o atoms to "orm co-alent co- alent bon$s% 1. neutron 2. electron 6. proton a 1 only b 2 only c 6 only $ 2 > 6 only e 1& 2 > 6 Ans(er: b
)i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.1 )escribe ho( -alence electrons "orm chemical bon$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 6: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.2 Chemical 7on$s
11 This is the name gi-en to a negati-ely charge$ atom. a supero'i$e b isotope c catalyst $ anion e cation Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
12 A chemical that can con$uct co n$uct electrical current (hen $issol-e$ in (ater is calle$ a?n a isotope. b isomer. c compoun$. $ electrolyte e -alence molecule. Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
16 This type o" chemical bon$ in-ol-es the sharing o" -alence electrons bet(een t(o atoms.
a co-alent b ionic c hy$rogen $ atomic e electronic Ans(er: a )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.1 )escribe ho( -alence electrons "orm chemical bon$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 6: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.2 Chemical 7on$s
14 The chemical bon$s "orme$ bet(een the atoms in a (ater molecule are calle$ a nonpolar co-alent bon$s. b polar co-alent bon$s. c hy$rogen bon$s. $ ionic bon$s. e atomic bon$s. Ans(er: b )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ho( -alence electrons "orm chemical bon$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e ,b#ecti-e 2: 6: +, +, 2.2.1 2.2.2 )escribe )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.2 Chemical 7on$s
Question type: *ssay
18 )escribe a hy$rogen bon$. Ans(er: )i""iculty: Me$ium
+earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.1 )escribe ho( -alence electrons "orm chemical bon$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 6: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.2 Chemical 7on$s olution: 3y$rogen bon$s "orm bet(een a hy$rogen atom that has partial positi-e charge an$ another atom& like o'ygen or nitrogen& carrying partial negati-e charge. Question type: Multiple Choice
1 This relati-ely (eak type o" bon$ helps h elps stabilie the three $imensional structure o" large molecules like proteins an$ )NA% a nonpolar co-alent b polar co-alent c hy$rogen $ ionic e atomic Ans(er: c )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.1 )escribe ho( -alence electrons "orm chemical bon$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 6: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.2 Chemical 7on$s
1; A chemical reaction in-ol-es interactions bet(een the a neutrons b protons c isotopes $ -alence electrons e ions Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: *asy
o" t(o $i""erent atoms.
+earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.1 )escribe ho( -alence electrons "orm chemical bon$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 6: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.2 Chemical 7on$s
1< This is $e"ine$ as the capacity to $o (ork. a metabolism b electrolytes c chemical reaction $ concentration e energy Ans(er: e )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.1 )escribe ho( -alence electrons "orm chemical bon$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 6: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.2 Chemical 7on$s
Question type: *ssay
1= )escribe the la( o" conser-ation o" energy. Ans(er: )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.1 )escribe ho( -alence electrons "orm chemical bon$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 6: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.2 Chemical 7on$s olution: *nergy cannot be create$ or $estroye$ but it may be con-erte$ "rom one "orm to another "orm.
Question type: Multiple Choice
20 This type o" chemical reaction (ill absorb more energy than it releases. a e'ergonic b en$ergonic c potential $ kinetic e acti-ation Ans(er: b )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.6 Chemical reactions
21 An enyme acts to a raise the acti-ation energy nee$e$ to start the reaction. b lo(er the acti-ation energy nee$e$ to start the reaction. c con-ert the acti-ation energy into potential energy. en ergy. $ con-ert the acti-ation energy into kinetic energy. e stop a chemical reaction. Ans(er: b )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" in energy e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts theseto reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.6 Chemical reactions
Question type: *ssay
22 +ist three "actors that increase the rate o" chemical reactions. Ans(er: )i""iculty: 3ar$
+earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.6 Chemical reactions olution: Three "actors that increase reaction rates are the presence o" enymes ?catalysts& increase$ concentration o" reactants& an$ increase$ temperature.
Question type: Multiple Choice
26 This type o" chemical reaction combines reactants to pro$uce larger pro$ucts. a synthesis b $ecomposition c potential $ e'change e acti-ate$ Ans(er: a )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.6 Chemical reactions
24 This type o" chemical reaction breaks larger reactants into smaller pro$ucts. a synthesis b $ecomposition c potential $ e'change e acti-ate$ Ans(er: b )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.6 Apply the properties o" (ater& inorganic aci$s& bases an$ salts to the properties o" solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions an$ the role o" p3 in bu""er systems. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.6.8 )escribe synthesis& $ecomposition& e'change& an$ re-ersible reactions. ection e"erence 1: 2.6 Chemical reactions
28 This is the most abun$ant an$ most important inorganic compoun$ in the bo$ bo$y. y. a (ater b o'ygen gas c carbon $io'i$e $ glucose e )NA Ans(er: a )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.4 Apply the properties o" (ater& inorganic aci$s& bases an$ salts to the properties o" solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions an$ the role o" p3 in bu""er systems. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.4.1 )escribe the properties o" (ater an$ those o" inorganic aci$s& bases& an$ salts. ection e"erence 1: 2.4 norganic Compoun$s an$ olutions
2 A solute that rea$ily $issol-es in (ater is a hy$rophobic. b hy$rostatic. c lipophilic. $ hy$rophilic. e hy$roone. Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.4 Apply the properties o" (ater& inorganic aci$s& bases an$ salts to the properties o" solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions an$ the role o" p3 in bu""er systems. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.4.1 )escribe the properties o" (ater an$ those o" inorganic aci$s& bases& an$ salts. ection e"erence 1: 2.4 norganic Compoun$s an$ olutions
2; n the bo$y "lui$ compartments co mpartments "oun$ in the human bo$ bo$y& y& the sol-ent is a glucose. b lipi$s. c carbon $io'i$e. $ (ater. e electrolyte.
Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.4 Apply the properties o" (ater& inorganic aci$s& bases an$ salts to the properties o" solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions an$ the role o" p3 in bu""er systems. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.4.1 )escribe the properties o" (ater an$ those o" inorganic aci$s& bases& an$ salts. ection e"erence 1: 2.4 norganic Compoun$s an$ olutions
Question type: *ssay
2< )escribe the "unctions o" (ater in the bo$y. Ans(er: )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.4 Apply the properties o" (ater& inorganic aci$s& bases an$ salts to the properties o" solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions an$ the role o" p3 in bu""er systems. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.4.1 )escribe the properties o" (ater an$ those o" inorganic aci$s& bases& an$ salts. ection e"erence 1: 2.4 norganic Compoun$s an$ olutions olution: !ater is a sol-ent that allo(s transportation o" solutes. !ater acts in hy$rolysis reactions to split reactants. !ater can transport heat in the bo$y an$ can be use$ to release heat "rom the bo$y as occurs in s(eating. !ater is use$ as a lubricant& particularly in serous "lui$s like those surroun$ing the lungs an$ on mucosal membranes like those lining the gastrointestinal tract.
Question type: Multiple Choice
2= A solution (ith a p3 -alue less than ; is a basic. b neutral. c aci$ic. $ alkaline. e concentrate$. Ans(er: c )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.4 Apply the properties o" (ater& inorganic aci$s& bases an$ salts to the properties o" solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions an$ the role o" p3 in bu""er systems.
+earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.4.6 )e"ine p3 an$ e'plain the role o" bu""er systems in homeostasis. ection e"erence 1: 2.4 norganic Compoun$s an$ olutions
60 A chemical compoun$ that helps control the p3 o" a solution by a$$ing or remo-ing hy$rogen ions is a?n a electrolyte. b salt. c cation. $ colloi$. e bu""er. Ans(er: e )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.4 Apply the properties o" (ater& inorganic aci$s& bases an$ salts to the properties the properties o" solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions an$ the role o" p3 in bu""er systems. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.4.6 )e"ine p3 an$ e'plain the role o" bu""er systems in homeostasis. ection e"erence 1: 2.4 norganic Compoun$s an$ olutions
61 !hich o" the "ollo(ing is a proton $onor% a aci$ b base c salt $ organic compoun$ e colloi$ Ans(er: a )i""iculty:,b#ecti-e Me$ium 1: +, 2.4 Apply the properties o" (ater& inorganic aci$s& bases an$ salts to +earning the properties the properties o" solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions an$ the role o" p3 in bu""er systems. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.4.6 )e"ine p3 an$ e'plain the role o" bu""er systems in homeostasis. ection e"erence 1: 2.4 norganic Compoun$s an$ olutions
62 peci"ic arrangements o" atoms (ithin an organic molecule that con"er characteristic chemical properties upon that molecule are calle$ a hy$rocarbon chains. b polymers. c carbon skeleton. $ "unctional groups.
e isomers. Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.1 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
66 @lucose an$ "ructose both ha-e the chemical "ormula ?C312, so they are consi$ere$ a isotopes. b polymers. c monomers. $ isomers. e isogenic. Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
64 !hich o" the "ollo(ing is a monosacchari$e monosacch ari$e that is use$ by cells to pro$uce energy% a glucose b sucrose c lactose $ glycogen e maltose Ans(er: a )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
68 !hich o" the "ollo(ing is a polysacchari$e pol ysacchari$e that ser-es as a storage "orm o" energy in muscle m uscle an$ li-er cells% a cellulose b ribose c lipi$s $ glucose e glycogen Ans(er: e )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
6 This type o" "atty aci$ contains more than one $ouble bon$ in its hy$rocarbon chain. a saturate$ b monounsaturate$ c polyunsaturate$ $ -olatile e short chain Ans(er: c )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
6; This type o" lipi$ is the bo$y9s primary longterm energy storage molecule. a steroi$ b phospholipi$ c cholesterol $ triglyceri$e e lipoprotein
6< This lipi$ is use$ by the bo$y as a precursor "or the pro$uction o" steroi$ hormones. a arachi$onic aci$ b phospholipi$ c cholesterol $ triglyceri$e e lipoprotein Ans(er: c )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
6= !hich o" the "ollo(ing is N,T true about phospholipi$s% a They contain a glycerol backbone. b The hea$ group is polar. c The molecule is an important part o" cell membranes. $ The tail groups are nonpolar. e They are a ma#or "orm o" energy storage. Ans(er: e )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
40 Prostaglan$ins an$ leukotrienes are 1 synthesie$ "rom cholesterol. 2 lipi$s. 6 eicosanoi$s. a 1 only b 2 only c 6 only $ 7oth 2 an$ 6 e 1& 2 an$ 6 Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
Question type: *ssay
41 )escribe the structural characteristics o" an amino aci$. Ans(er: )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s olution: Amino aci$s contain a central carbon atom (ith 1 a hy$rogen atom& 2 an amino group& 6 an aci$ic carbo'yl group& an$ 4 a si$e chain attache$ to it.
42 +ist the si' ma#or "unctions o" proteins. Ans(er: )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s.
46 The primary structure o" a protein consists o" a alpha helices. b betapleate$ sheets. c three $imensional "ol$e$ con"ormation. $ a se5uence o" amino aci$s linke$ by pepti$e bon$s. e the o-erall "ol$e$ con"ormation o" the protein9s subunits. Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
44 !hich o" the "ollo(ing is N,T a property o" enymes% e nymes% a *nymes are catalytic proteins. b *nymes are highly speci"ic. c *nymes are e""icient. $ *nymes are sub#ect to a -ariety o" cellular controls. e *nymes are irre-ersibly change$ by the reactions that they catalye. Ans(er: e )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
Question type: *ssay
48 )escribe (hat happens to a protein9s structure structure an$ "unction (hen it is $enature$. Ans(er: )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s olution: )uring $enaturation& the "ol$e$ con"ormation o" a protein unra-els an$ loses its uni5ue shape. +oss o" that shape $estroys the protein9s pro tein9s ability to accomplish its "unction.
Question type: Multiple Choice
4 !hich o" the "ollo(ing is a purine base% a cytosine b guanine c thymine $ uracil e None o" these choices. Ans(er: b )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.6 )escribe the structure an$ "unctions o" $eo'yribonucleic aci$ ?)NA& ribonucleic aci$ ?NA& an$ a$enosine triphosphate ?ATP. ?ATP. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
4; !hich o" the "ollo(ing is a common co mmon "unction o" NA% a pro$uce electrical impulses b storage o" energy c trans"er in"ormation "or protein synthesis $ longterm storage o" in"ormation "or protein synthesis e transport o" "lui$s
Ans(er: c )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.6 )escribe the structure an$ "unctions o" $eo'yribonucleic aci$ ?)NA& ribonucleic aci$ ?NA& an$ a$enosine triphosphate ?ATP. ?ATP. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
4< !hich o" the "ollo(ing is the ma#or "unction o" )NA% a catalyes metabolic reactions b storage o" energy c trans"er in"ormation "or protein synthesis $ longterm storage o" in"ormation "or protein synthesis e transport o" electrolytes Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.6 )escribe the structure an$ "unctions o" $eo'yribonucleic aci$ ?)NA& ribonucleic aci$ ?NA& an$ a$enosine triphosphate ?ATP. ?ATP. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
4= !hich o" the "ollo(ing $escribes the ma#or "unction o" ATP ATP in cells% a buil$ing block "or the synthesis o" proteins. b trans"ers energy "or cell "unctions "unctions c trans"ers in"ormation "or protein synthesis $ stores in"ormation "or protein synthesis e transports "lui$s Ans(er: b )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.6 )escribe the structure an$ "unctions o" $eo'yribonucleic aci$ ?)NA& ribonucleic aci$ ?NA& an$ a$enosine triphosphate ?ATP. ?ATP. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
80 !hich monomer is use$ to buil$ NA an$ )NA% a "atty aci$ b amino aci$ c monosacchari$e $ glycerol e nucleoti$e Ans(er: e )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.6 )escribe the structure an$ "unctions o" $eo'yribonucleic aci$ ?)NA& ribonucleic aci$ ?NA& an$ a$enosine triphosphate ?ATP. ?ATP. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
81 n the $iagram (hich particles are negati-ely charge
%$a A b 7 c C $ All o" these choices. e None o" these choices. Ans(er: c )i""iculty: *asy
+earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
82 n the $iagram& (hich particles are "oun$ in the atom9s nucleus%
a A b 7 c C $ 7oth A an$ 7. e None o" these choices. Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
86 n the $iagram& remo-al remo- al o" one or more o" this type o" subatomic particle (oul$ result in the "ormation o" a cation%
a A b 7 c C $ All o" these choices. e None o" these choices. Ans(er: b )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$ Question type: *ssay
84 )escribe the basic chemical principle that is sho(n in this $iagram%
Ans(er: )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.1 )escribe ho( -alence electrons "orm chemical bon$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 6: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.2 Chemical 7on$s olution: This $iagram represents the octet rule in chemical bon$ing. The octet rule states that t(o atoms (ill ten$ to bon$ i" $oing $o ing so means that they (ill both be le"t (ith eight electrons in their -alence shells.
88 !hat type o" molecule is sho(n in the $iagram% !here in a eukaryotic cell (oul$ this type o" molecule be commonly "oun$% "oun$ % !hat special chemical properties $oes this molecule possess
that allo(s it to accomplish its "unctions%
Ans(er: )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s olution: This is a phospholipi$ "oun$ in the plasma membranes o" eukaryotic cells. t has a polar hy$rophilic hea$ group an$ a nonpolar hy$rophobic tail group making it amphipathic. This chemical property allo(s it to "orm the lipi$ bilayer o" the membrane (ith its polar group oriente$ on oriente$ on the sur"ace o" the membrane an$ its hy$rophobic tails oriente$ a(ay "rom the surroun$ing (ater in the interior o" the lipi$ bilayer.
8 )escribe (hat is happening at places 1& 2 an$ 6 in the $iagram.
Ans(er: )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s olution: This "igure represents ho( an enyme en yme (orks. At number one& the enyme an$ substrate come together at the acti-e site o" the enyme "orming the enymesubstrate comple'. At number t(o& the enyme catalyes the reaction an$ trans"orms the substrate into pro$ucts& (hich (h ich are then release$ "rom the enyme. At number three& the reaction is complete an$ the enyme remains unchange$ an$ "ree to catalye the same reaction again on a ne( substrate.
Question type: Multiple Choice
8; n the $iagram& (hich labele$ structure is a purine base%
a A b 7 c * $ 7oth A an$ 7. e All o" these choices Ans(er: b )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.6 )escribe the structure an$ "unctions o" $eo'yribonucleic aci$ ?)NA& ribonucleic aci$ ?NA& an$ a$enosine triphosphate ?ATP. ?ATP. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
8< n the $iagram& (hich labele$ structure is $eo'yribose%
a 7 b * c B $ None o" these choices. e The entire structure is consi$ere$ a $eo'yribose molecule. Ans(er: b )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.6 )escribe the structure an$ "unctions o" $eo'yribonucleic aci$ ?)NA& ribonucleic aci$ ?NA& an$ a$enosine triphosphate ?ATP. ?ATP. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
8= n the $iagram& (hich labele$ structure is a pyrimi$ine base%
a A b 7 c * $ B e None o" these choices. Ans(er: a )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.6 )escribe the structure an$ "unctions o" $eo'yribonucleic aci$ ?)NA& ribonucleic aci$ ?NA& an$ a$enosine triphosphate ?ATP. ?ATP. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
0 !hich o" the labele$ structures are "oun$ in )NA but not NA%
1A 27 6C 4* a 1 only only b 2 only c 6 only only $ 4 only e 1 an$ 4 Ans(er: e )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.6 )escribe the structure an$ "unctions o" $eo'yribonucleic aci$ ?)NA& ribonucleic aci$ ?NA& an$ a$enosine triphosphate ?ATP. ?ATP. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
Question type: *ssay
1 !hat is the $i""erence bet(een atomic mass& mass number an$ atomic number% Ans(er: )i""iculty: Me$ium
+earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$ olution: Atomic number is the number o" protons "oun$ in the nucleus o o"" an atom. Atomic mass is the (eighte$ a-erage mass o" all naturally occurring isotopes o" the atom. Mass number is the sum o" protons an$ neutrons "oun$ in an atom.
2 n the $iagram& (hat p3 -alue represents an aci$ic solution%
a 12 b 10 c < $ e None o" these choices. Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.4 Apply the properties o" (ater& inorganic aci$s& bases an$ salts to the properties the properties o" solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions an$ the role o" p3 in bu""er systems. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.4.6 )e"ine p3 an$ e'plain the role o" bu""er systems in homeostasis. ection e"erence 1: 2.4 norganic Compoun$s an$ olutions
6 n the $iagram& (hat (oul$ happen to the concentration o" C i" the concentration o" A increases%
a increases b $ecreases c no change Ans(er: a )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.4 Applyan$ thesuspensions properties o"an$ (ater& inorganic bases an$ salts to the properties the properties o" solutions& colloi$s the role o" p3aci$s& in bu""er systems. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.4.6 )e"ine p3 an$ e'plain the role o" bu""er systems in homeostasis. ection e"erence 1: 2.4 norganic Compoun$s an$ olutions
Question type: Multiple Choice
4 !hich o" the "ollo(ing illustrates the use o" a ra$ioisotope as a tracer% a monitor bloo$ "lo( through the heart b shrink a tumor by killing tumor cells (ith emitte$ ra$iation c $estroy o-eracti-e thyroi$ glan$ $ treat prostate cancer
e treat a$-ance$ cer-ical cancer Ans(er: a )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
8 !hich o" the "ollo(ing $escribes the ma#or signi"icance o" the element carbon in the human bo$y% a ionie$ "orm makes bo$y "lui$s aci$ic ac i$ic b constituent o" (ater c "orms backbone o" all organic molecules $ re5uire$ to har$en the structure o" bones an$ teeth e ionie$ "orm is the part o" hemoglobin he moglobin that carries o'ygen Ans(er: c )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.1 $enti"y the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
!hich o" the "ollo(ing $escribes the ma#or signi"icance o" the element iron in the human huma n bo$y% a ionie$ "orm makes bo$y "lui$s aci$ic ac i$ic b use$ to generate ATP ATP c "orms backbone o" all organic molecules $ re5uire$ "or bone an$ tooth structure e ionie$ "orms are part o" hemoglobin hem oglobin Ans(er: e )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.1 $enti"y the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
; !hich o" the "ollo(ing $escribes the ma#or signi"icance o" the element chlorine in the human bo$y% a ionie$ "orm makes bo$y "lui$s aci$ic ac i$ic b ionie$ "orm is most plenti"ul anion in e'tracellular "lui$ "lui$ c "orms backbone o" all organic molecules $ re5uire$ "or bone an$ tooth structure e ionie$ "orm is most plenti"ul cation in e'tracellular "lui$ Ans(er: b )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.1 $enti"y the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
< !hich o" the "ollo(ing $escribes the ma#or signi"icance o" the element magnesium in the human bo$y% a ionie$ "orm makes bo$y "lui$s aci$ic ac i$ic b ionie$ "orm is most plenti"ul anion in e'tracellular "lui$ "lui$ c ionie$ "orm is nee$e$ "or action o" many enymes $ is a component o" all proteins an$ nucleic aci$s e ionie$ "orm is most plenti"ul cation in e'tracellular "lui$ Ans(er: c )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.1 $enti"y the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
= !hich o" the "ollo(ing $escribes the ma#or signi"icance o" the element nitrogen in the human bo$y% a ionie$ "orm makes bo$y "lui$s aci$ic ac i$ic b ionie$ "orm is most plenti"ul anion in e'tracellular "lui$ "lui$ c ionie$ "orm is nee$e$ "or action o" many enymes $ is a component o" all proteins an$ nucleic aci$s e ionie$ "orm is most plenti"ul cation in e'tracellular "lui$
Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.1 $enti"y the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
;0 !hich o" the "ollo(ing chemical elements present p resent in the bo$y is N,T consi$ere$ a lesser element% a sul"ur b o'ygen c magnesium $ potassium e calcium Ans(er: b )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.1 $enti"y the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
;1 !hich o" the "ollo(ing chemical elements present p resent in the bo$y is consi$ere$ a lesser element% a phosphorus b o'ygen c nitrogen $ aluminum e copper Ans(er: a )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.1 $enti"y the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
;2 !hich o" the "ollo(ing chemical elements present p resent in the bo$y is consi$ere$ a lesser element% a nitrogen b o'ygen c calcium $ io$ine e chromium Ans(er: c )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.1 $enti"y the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
;6 !hich o" the "ollo(ing chemical elements present p resent in the bo$y is consi$ere$ a trace element% a chlorine b o'ygen c iron $ io$ine e nitrogen Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.1 $enti"y the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$ ;4 !hich o" the "ollo(ing chemical elements present p resent in the bo$y is N,T a trace element% a chlorine b inc c selenium $ io$ine e boron Ans(er: a )i""iculty: 3ar$
+earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.1 $enti"y the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
;8 !hich o" the "ollo(ing can lo(er the amount o" "ree ra$icals in the bo$y% a 'rays b ultra-iolet ra$iation c o'ygen $ carbon tetrachlori$e e antio'i$ants Ans(er: e )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
; !hich o" the "ollo(ing is N,T an antio'i$ant% a selenium b inc c supero'i$e $ -itamin C e betacarotene Ans(er: c )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.1 /n$erstan$ ho( the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals an$ compoun$s are relate$ to the main chemical elements o" the human bo$y. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.1.2 )escribe the structures o" atoms& ions& molecules& "ree ra$icals& an$ compoun$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.1 3o( Matter is ,rganie$
;; !hich o" the "ollo(ing substances has a p3 closest to ;.0% a lye b -aginal "lui$
c gastric #uice $ cerebrospinal "lui$ e milk o" magnesia Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.4 Apply the properties o" (ater& inorganic aci$s& bases an$ salts to the properties the properties o" solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions an$ the role o" p3 in bu""er systems. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.4.6 )e"ine p3 an$ e'plain the role o" bu""er systems in homeostasis. ection e"erence 1: 2.4 norganic Compoun$s an$ olutions
;< !hich o" the "ollo(ing substances has a p3 closest to ;.0% a lye b -aginal "lui$ c semen $ gastric #uice e milk o" magnesia Ans(er: c )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.4 Apply the properties o" (ater& inorganic aci$s& bases an$ salts to the properties the properties o" solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions an$ the role o" p3 in bu""er systems. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.4.6 )e"ine p3 an$ e'plain the role o" bu""er systems in homeostasis. ection e"erence 1: 2.4 norganic Compoun$s an$ olutions
;= !hich o" the "ollo(ing carbohy$rates is a $isacchari$e% a ribose b lactose c galactose $ glycogen e cellulose Ans(er: b )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
<0 !hich o" the "ollo(ing carbohy$rates is a polysacchari$e% a ribose b lactose c glycogen $ maltose e galactose Ans(er: c )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
<1 This type o" lipi$ is use$ by the bo$y "or insulation. a phospholipi$s b triglyceri$es c bile salts $ se' hormones e carotenes Ans(er: b )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
<2 This type o" lipi$ is in-ol-e$ in bloo$ clotting. a phospholipi$s b cholesterol c bile salts $ se' hormones e eicosanoi$s Ans(er: e
)i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
<6 This type o" protein is in-ol-e$ (ith shortening o" muscle cells to pro$uce mo-ement. a contractile b structural c regulatory $ catalytic e transport Ans(er: a )i""iculty: Me$ium 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to +earning ,b#ecti-e the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
<4 This type o" protein protects against pathogens. a contractile b immunological c regulatory $ catalytic e transport Ans(er: b )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s <8 ur"ace tension o" an a5ueous solution is generate$ by the presence o" (ater molecules. a co-alent bon$s b ionic bon$s c hy$rogen bon$s $ ester links
e None o" these choices. Ans(er: c
bet(een )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ho( -alence electrons "orm chemical bon$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e ,b#ecti-e 2: 6: +, +, 2.2.1 2.2.2 )escribe )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.2 Chemical 7on$s
Question type: *ssay
< )e"ine mi'ture an$ then $istinguish bet(een the three types o" mi'tures calle$ solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions. Ans(er: )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.4 Apply the properties o" (ater& inorganic aci$s& bases an$ salts to the properties o" solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions an$ the role o" p3 in bu""er systems. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.4.2 )istinguish among solutions& colloi$s& an$ suspensions. 1ection e"erence 1ection e"erence 1: 2.4 norganic Compoun$s an$ olutions olution: A mi'ture is a combination o" elements or compoun$s that are physically blen$e$ together but not boun$ by b y chemical bon$s. A solution is a mi'ture (here the solutes are e-e e-enly nly $isperse$ among the sol-ent molecules. olutions ha-e a clear appearance. Colloi$s are like solutions e'cept the solutes are big enough enoug h to scatter light. A colloi$ appears translucent or opa5ue. uspensions are mi'tures (here the suspen$e$ material (ill e-entually settle out.
Question type: Multiple Choice
<; Brying an egg causes c auses the clear runny part o" the egg to turn to (hite. T This his process is calle$ a emulsi"ication.
b $enaturation. c hy$rogenation. $ hy$rolysis. e $ecomposition. Ans(er: b )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
<< Cellulose is a a protein. b lipi$. c monosacchari$e. $ polysacchari$e. e nucleic aci$. Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
Question type: *ssay
<= !hy is the human $igesti-e $i gesti-e system unable to $igest cellulose% Ans(er: )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.2 $enti"y the buil$ing blocks an$ "unctions o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& an$ proteins. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s
olution: 3uman $igesti-e system lacks the enyme to recognie the structure an$ break the bon$s that hol$ this polysacchari$e together.
Question type: Multiple Choice
=0 A triple co-alent bon$ is "orme$ bet(een atoms sharing
-alence electrons.
a one b t(o c three $ si' e eight Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" in energy e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts theseto reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.1 )escribe ho( -alence electrons "orm chemical bon$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 6: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.2 Chemical 7on$s
=1 n a polar co-alent bon$& the atom that has the most electronegati-ity (ill ha-e a a "ull negati-e charge ?1. b "ull positi-e charge ?1. c partial negati-e charge. $ partial positi-e charge. e neutral charge. Ans(er: c )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.1 )escribe ho( -alence electrons "orm chemical bon$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 6: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.2 Chemical 7on$s
=2 !hich o" the "ollo(ing is a general gen eral term use$ to re"er to the sum o" all the chemical reactions occurring in the bo$y% a anabolism b catabolism c metabolism $ catalysis e homeostasis Ans(er: c )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.6 Chemical eactions
=6 The energy store$ in the bon$s o" the molecules in the "oo$s that humans eat is 1. a "orm o" kinetic energy. 2. a "orm o" potential energy. 6. re"erre$ to as chemical energy. a 1 only only b 2 only c 6 only only $ 2 an$ 6 e All o" these choices Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.6 Chemical eactions
=4 !hich o" the "ollo(ing is N,T a common characteristic ch aracteristic o" the en$ergonic chemical reactions that occur in the human bo$y% a They absorb more energy than they pro$uce. b They o"ten re5uire ATP ATP to mo-e to(ar$ pro$ucts. c They are o"ten couple$ to e'ergonic reactions.
$ 7reak$o(n o" nutrients is a goo$ e'ample o" this type o" reaction. e *nergy o" reactants is lo(er than energy o" pro$ucts. Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.6 Chemical reactions
=8 The initial energy Din-estmentE nee$e$ to start a chemical reaction in a cell is calle$ the a energy o" pro$ucts. b energy o" reactants. c potential energy. $ @ibb9s "ree energy. e acti-ation energy. Ans(er: e )i""iculty: *asy +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.6 Chemical reactions
= All o" the "ollo(ing are characteristics charac teristics o" anabolism *FC*PT: a t in-ol-es synthesiing ne( biomolecules. b t primarily in-ol-es en$ergonic reactions. c t releases large amounts o" energy. $ An e'ample o" anabolism is linking amino aci$s together to "orm proteins. e An e'ample is the "ormation o" t(o ammonia molecules "rom one nitrogen molecu molecule le an$ three hy$rogen molecules. Ans(er: c )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.2 Apply an un$erstan$ing o" chemical reactions an$ the -arious "orms o" energy to e'ergonic an$ en$ergonic reactions an$ the role o" acti-ation energy an$ catalysts in these reactions.
+earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.2.2 )istinguish among ionic& co-alent& an$ hy$rogen bon$s. ection e"erence 1: 2.6 Chemical reactions
=; A7 C) G A) 7C is a general e'ample o" a?n
reaction.
a $ecomposition b synthesis c e'change $ re-ersible re-ersible e catalye$ Ans(er: c )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.6 Apply the properties o" (ater& inorganic aci$s& bases an$ salts to the properties o" solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions an$ the role o" p3 in bu""er systems. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.6.8 )escribe synthesis& $ecomposition& e'change& an$ re-ersible reactions. ection e"erence 1: 2.6 Chemical reactions =< !hich o" the "ollo(ing statements is true (ith regar$ to a one molar solution o" NaCl% ?atomic mass o" chlorine is 68.48 an$ atomic mass o" so$ium is 22.== a The number o" grams o" so$ium an$ chlori$e in the solution is i$entical. b *ach liter o" this solution (eighs 8<.44 grams. c NaCl (ill not $issol-e in (ater so a suspension (oul$ result. $ The number o" so$ium atoms an$ chlorine atoms in this solution are e5ual. e This solution contains 8<.44 kilograms o" NaCl in each liter o" (ater. Ans(er: $ )i""iculty: 3ar$ +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.4 Apply the properties o" (ater& inorganic aci$s& bases an$ salts to the properties o" solutions& colloi$s an$ suspensions an$ the role o" p3 in bu""er systems. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, +,2.4.2 )istinguish among solutions& colloi$s& an$ suspensions. ection e"erence 1: 2.4 norganic Compoun$s an$ olutions
== !hich o" "ollo(ing "unctional groups commonly "oun$ on organic molecules in the h human uman bo$y carries a positi-e charge ?1 at the p3 o" most bo$y "lui$s% a sul"hy$ryl b phosphate c carbo'yl
$ ester e amino Ans(er: e )i""iculty: Me$ium +earning ,b#ecti-e 1: +, 2.8 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules an$ apply to the structure an$ "unction o" carbohy$rates& lipi$s& proteins an$ nucleic aci$s. +earning ,b#ecti-e 2: +, 2.8.1 )escribe the "unctional groups o" organic molecules. ection e"erence 1: 2.8 ,rganic Compoun$s