Auto Rickshaw

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Auto rickshaw
1
Auto rickshaw
Auto-rickshaws around the world
India Thailand El Salvador Peru
Ethiopia China
Auto rickshaw, also called Tuk-Tuk,
[1]
tempo, mototaxi and three wheeler, carry people and goods in many
developing countries. Above are six examples.
Main article: Rickshaw
Auto rickshaws are a common means of public transportation in many countries in the world. Also known as a
three-wheeler, Samosa, tempo, tuk-tuk, trishaw, auto, rickshaw, autorick, bajaj, rick, tricycle, mototaxi, baby
taxi or lapa in popular parlance, an auto rickshaw is a usually three-wheeled cabin cycle for private use and as a
vehicle for hire. It is a motorized version of the traditional pulled rickshaw or cycle rickshaw. Auto rickshaws are an
essential form of urban transport in many developing countries, and a form of novelty transport in many Western
countries.
Overview
Daihatsu Midget Model DKA
Origin
African and Indian three-wheelers have followed the original design of
the Piaggio Ape C, from 1948, which was originally based on the
Vespa. In India, Bajaj Auto produced under Piaggio license from 1959
to 1974.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Auto rickshaws of Southeast Asia started from the knockdown
production of the Daihatsu Midget which had been introduced in
1957.
[2]
Japan had been exporting three-wheelers to Thailand since 1934.
Moreover, The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of Japan
donated about 20,000 used three-wheelers to Southeast
Asia.Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Chronological items
[3][4][5][6]
In Japan, three-wheelers went out
of use in the latter half of the 1960s.
[7]
Auto rickshaw
2
Design
An auto rickshaw is generally characterized by a sheet-metal body or open frame resting on three wheels, a canvas
roof with drop-down sides, a small cabin in the front of the vehicle for the driver (sometimes called an auto-wallah),
and seating space for up to three passengers in the rear. Newer models are generally fitted with an CNG-fueled
scooter version of a 200cc four-stroke engine, with handlebar controls instead of a steering wheel.Wikipedia:Citation
needed
Regional variations
Africa
Eastern Africa
A tuk-tuk in Nairobi
There are tuk-tuks in several Kenyan towns. Using them is somewhat
cheaper than ordinary taxis. However, tuk-tuks cannot operate in
mountainous towns, which are common in Kenya. Fierce competition
with Boda-bodas (bicycle taxis) and Matatus (minibuses) hinders
popularity of Tuk-tuks, especially within the interior of Kenya. While
they may not be widely found in Kenya, they are numerous in the
coastal regions, which are less mountainous. For example, in the town
of Malindi they offer an economical and convenient mode of
transportation.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Tuk-tuks are also common in Ethiopia and are becoming common in
Tanzania, particularly in the outer areas of Dar es Salaam. In Tanzania and Ethiopia they are known as "Bajaj" or
"Bajajis", after the Bajaj Auto company which manufactures many of them. Since 2009, tuk-tuks have become
common in Maputo, Mozambique.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Egypt
In Egypt, auto rickshaws are called toktok (Egyptian Arabic: €•‚ €•‚  pronounced [€toktok], plural: ƒ‚„…‚ tak€tek
[t•€k••tek]); they are widely used as taxis in poorer neighborhoods of the capital, and have become a popular
symbol for lower class Egyptians, although they are banned from the streets of wealthier neighborhoods. Deposed
president Mohamed Morsi (June 2012-July 2013) in his opening speech addressed the Tuk Tuk (toktok) drivers
which means a legalization of their status.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Madagascar
In Madagascar rickshaws, including auto rickshaws, are a common form of transportation in a number of cities,
especially Antsirabe. They are known as pousse-pousse, meaning push-push.
Nigeria
There are keke-marwa's in several Nigerian towns and cities. Although not as popular as the ubiquitous "Okada" in
Nigeria, keke-marwa's are embraced as an alternative means of transport by the middle and lower class citizens.
Keke-marwa is named after Lagos former military Governor, Buba Marwa in the late 1990s.Wikipedia:Citation
needed
Auto rickshaw
3
Sudan
Rickshaws are a major means of transport in all parts of Sudan, it's locally known as Raksha.Wikipedia:Citation
needed
Asia
Bangladesh
"CNGs" in Dhaka.
Auto rickshaws (locally called "baby taxis" and more recently "CNGs"
due to their fuel source) are one of the most popular modes of transport
in India mainly due to their size and speed. They are best suited to
narrow, crowded streets, and are thus the principal means of covering
longer distances within urban areas.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Earlier, auto rickshaws were colored black with a yellow canvas
topping and ran on gasoline without any meter system. However, due
to the vast supplies of natural gas in Bangladesh, the government has
since encouraged the development of four-stroke compressed natural
gas (CNG)-powered engines rather than the older two-stroke engine
petrol-running models. Two-stroke engines had been identified as one of the leading sources of air pollution in
Dhaka. Thus, since January 2003, traditional auto rickshaws were banned from the capital; only the new
CNG-powered models were permitted to operate within the city limits. The newly manufactured CNG auto
rickshaws are more fuel-efficient and have a lower center of gravity, making them safer than older models. All
CNGs are painted green to signify that the vehicles are eco-friendly and that each one has a meter built in as
standard.
Another version of the auto rickshaw can be seen in rural areas of Bangladesh, where they are called "helicopters".
"Helicopters" are auto rickshaws modified to have a large body with which it can carry more than six or seven
passengers.Wikipedia:Citation needed
At the end of the 1980s, a local company Atlas designed and built a new version of the auto rickshaw, called mishuk,
a name derived from a children's mascot of a local deer. Unlike baby taxis, mishuks have spoke wheels and a green
body, and have no meter system. Mishuks have more space than baby taxis or CNGs, which makes it more popular
with women. They are commonly found in Dhaka and elsewhere in the country due to its four-stroke engine, which
is not listed as a significant source of air pollution.Wikipedia:Citation needed
See also: Rickshaw art in Bangladesh
Cambodia
Cambodian tuk-tuk in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
In Cambodia, the term tuk-tuk (Khmer: €•‚€•‚) is used to refer to a
motorcycle with a cabin attached to the rear. Cambodian cities have a
much lower volume of automobile traffic than Thai cities, and tuk-tuks
are still the most common form of urban transport. At the temple
complex of Angkor, for example, tuk-tuks provide a convenient form
of transport around the complex for tourists. One can hire a tuk-tuk and
driver by the day.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Siem Reap tuk-tuks are generally of the style of motorcycle and trailer.
This version does not have rear brakes.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Auto rickshaw
4
Phnom Penh tuk-tuks are one piece. The one piece tuk-tuk is the front end of a motorcycle consisting of steering,
tank and engine/gearbox with a covered tray mounted at the back. The power is transferred by chain to an axle
mounted to the modified rear fork which drives the two rear wheels. Suspended upon the rear fork is an open cabin
with an in-line seat on each side. This arrangement can carry 6 people at ease, with their luggage in the leg space. It
is not unusual to see these vehicles greatly overloaded, especially in outer suburbs and around
markets.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Sihanoukville tuk-tuks are generally a motorcycle and articulated trailer without rear brakes on the trailer. A
minority of tuk-tuks are three wheeled. The rear wheel of the motorcycle is removed and the front of the bike is
melded with a trailer. Power is supplied to the trailer wheels by a driveshaft and differential. Rear wheel brakes add
significantly to the safety of this design, especially when going downhill.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Currently, Tuk Tuk in Cambodia is being developed to be more convenient and safer. It is also becoming a popular
form of transportation for Phnom Penh residents.
Gaza
Together with the recent boom of recreational facilities in Gaza for the local residents, donkey carts have all but been
displaced by tuk-tuks in 2010. Due to the ban by Israel on the import of most motorised vehicles, the tuk-tuks have
had to be smuggled in parts through the tunnel network connecting Gaza with Egypt.
China
An auto rickshaw in Haikou, Hainan,
China.
Various types of auto rickshaw are used around China, where they are called
€ • (three wheeler) or ‚ ‚ ƒ (beep beep car).Wikipedia:Citation
needed
In Hainan, the southernmost province, electric models are used in the capital
Haikou. These may be heavy, purpose-built vehicles, or simple bicycles
attached to a light chassis, with a small electric motor housed
underneath.Wikipedia:Citation needed
In rural areas, a sturdy, petrol-powered, plastic-bodied type is common,
similar to the Philippine motorized tricycle.Wikipedia:Citation needed
India
An autorickshaw in Bangalore being repaired
Overview
Most cities offer auto rickshaw service, although hand-pulled
rickshaws do exist in some areas, such as Calcutta (Now Kolkata).
Auto rickshaws are used in cities and towns for short distances; they
are less suited to long distances because they are slow and the carriages
are open to air pollution. Auto rickshaws (often called "autos") provide
cheap and efficient transportation. Modern auto rickshaws run on CNG
and are environmentally friendly compared to full-sized
cars.Wikipedia:Citation needed
[8]
It is also not uncommon in many parts of India (including major cities like Delhi) to see primary school children
crammed into an auto-rickshaw, transporting them between home and school.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Auto rickshaw
5
A very old auto rickshaw in Bhedaghat, Madhya
Pradesh. Such autos are the only means of public
transport in some parts of rural India.
To augment speedy movement of traffic, Auto rickshaws are not
allowed in the centre part of Mumbai.
Design and manufacture
The interior of an auto rickshaw in Chennai,
India.
There are two types of autorickshaws in India. In older versions the
engines were situated below the driver's seat, while in newer versions
engines are located in the rear. They normally run on petrol, CNG and
diesel. The seating capacity of a normal rickshaw is four, including the
driver's seat. Six-seater rickshaws exist in different parts of the
country, but the model was officially banned in the city of Pune 10
January 2003 by the Regional Transport Authority (RTA).
CNG autos are distinguishable from the earlier petrol-powered autos
by a green and yellow livery, as opposed to the earlier black and
yellow appearance. Certain local governments are advocating for
four-stroke engines instead of the current two-stroke
versions.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Auto rickshaw manufacturers in India include Bajaj Auto, Kumar Motors, Kerala Automobiles Limited, Force
Motors (previously Bajaj Tempo), Mahindra & Mahindra, Piaggio Ape and TVS Motors. Wikipedia:Citation needed
Legislation
Generally rickshaw fares are controlled by the government.
[9]
Indonesia
In Indonesia, Auto Rickshaws are popular in Jakarta, Medan, Java, Sulawesi. In Jakarta, the Auto Rickshaws are
similar to the ones in India but has a color of blue and orange, but the ones in other parts of Indonesia are usually
mounted by a motorcycle to a passenger seating place similar to a cycle rickshaw, and is called Bentor and called in
Jakarta as Bajaj (Bajai). They were also popular in East Java until the end of the 20th century and were know as a
Bemo. Google "Bemo" for photos.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Auto rickshaw
6
Laos
A "jumbo" tuk-tuk in Savannakhet, Laos
Lao tuk-tuks come as tuk-tuks or jumbo tuk-tuks. Jumbos have a larger
3- or 4-cylinder four-stroke engine, and many are powered by Daihatsu
engines. Jumbos' larger engine and cabin size allow for greater loads,
up to 12 persons, and higher top speeds. Jumbos are (with few
exceptions) only found in Vientiane and Luang
Prabang.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Nepal
Auto rickshaws were the popular mode of transport in Nepal during the
1980s and 1990s, till Nepal Government decided to ban the movement
of 600 such vehicles in the early 2000. Earliest model of auto rickshaw running in Kathmandu were manufactured by
Bajaj Auto.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Nepal has been a popular destination for Rickshaw Run. The 2009 Fall Run took place in Goa, India and concluded
in Pokhara, Nepal.
Pakistan
An auto rikshaw in Karachi
An auto rikshaw on Canal Bank Road Lahore
Auto rickshaws are a popular mode of transport in Pakistani towns and
is mainly used for traveling short distances within cities. One of the
major brands of auto rickshaws is Vespa (an Italian Company). Lahore
is hub of CNG Auto rikshaws manufacturers in Pakistan.The
government of Pakistan is taking measures to convert all the gasoline
run auto-rickshaws to more effective CNG rickshaw by 2015 in all the
major cities of Pakistan by issuing easy loans through commercial
banks. Environment Canada is implementing pilot projects in Lahore,
Karachi and Quetta with engine technology developed in Mississauga,
Ontario, Canada that uses compressed natural gas (CNG) instead of
gasoline in the two-stroke engines, in an effort to combat
environmental pollution and noise levels.Wikipedia:Citation needed
In many cities in Pakistan, there are also motorcycle rickshaws, usually
called chand gari (moon car) or Chingchi (after the Chinese company
Jinan Qingqi Motorcycle Co. Ltd who first introduced these to the
market).Wikipedia:Citation needed
Rickshaws are forbidden in the capital, Islamabad.Wikipedia:Citation
needed
Auto rickshaws have had a history of displaying political statements. In
February 2013, that legacy was modified to promote peace. According
to Syed Ali Abbas Zaidi, head of the Pakistan Youth Alliance, "We
need to take back this romanticized art form and use it for peace sloganeering and conflict resolution."
Manufacturers There are many companies involving in Rickshaw manufacturing in Pakistan, some of them are,
AECO Export Company, STAHLCO Motors, Global Sources, Parhiyar Automobiles, Global Ledsys Technologies,
Siwa Industries, Prime Punjab Automobiles, Murshid Farm Industries, Sazgar Automobiles, NTN Enterprises,
Imperial Engineering Company
Auto rickshaw
7
Philippines
Main article: Tricycle (Philippines)
Auto rickshaws are an especially popular form of public transportation in the Philippines, where they are referred to
as "tricycles" (Filipino: traysikel; Cebuano: traysikol). In the Philippines, the design and configuration of tricycles
varies widely from place to place, but tends towards rough standardization within each municipality. The usual
design is a passenger or cargo sidecar fitted to a motorcycle, usually on the right of the motorcycle. It is rare to find
one with a left sidecar. Tricycles can carry five passengers or more in the sidecar, one or two pillion passengers
behind the motorcycle driver, and even a few on the roof of the sidecar. Tricycles are one of the main contributors to
air pollution in the Philippines,Wikipedia:Citation needed since majority of them employ two-stroke motorcycles.
However, some local governments are working towards phasing out two-stroke-powered tricycles for ones with
cleaner four-stroke motorcycles.Wikipedia:Citation needed
A motorized tricycle in Dumaguete City
7-passenger tricycle with large sidecar, the
Province of Aklan.
Local Taxi Stand in Banaue Municipal Town
Sri Lanka
Auto rickshaw in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka
Auto rickshaws, commonly known as three-wheelers or Tuk-tuks, can
be found on all roads in Sri Lanka from the curvy roads through the
hill country to the congested roads of Colombo transporting locals,
foreigners, or freight about. Sri Lankan tuk-tuks are of the style of the
light Phnom Penh type. Most tuk-tuks in Sri Lanka are a slightly
modified Indian Bajaj model, imported from India though there are few
manufactured locally and increasingly imports from other countries in
the region and other brands of three-wheelers such as Piaggio. In 2007
January the Sri Lankan government imposed a ban on all 2-stroke
three-wheelers, and therefore the ones imported to the island now are
only with a four-stroke engine. Most three-wheelers are available as hiring vehicles, with few being used to haul
goods and as private company or advertising vehicles. Bajaj enjoys a virtual monopoly in the island, with its agent
being David Pieries Motor Co Ltd. A few three-wheelers in Sri Lanka have distance meters, and in the capital city it
is becoming more and more common, however the vast majority of charges are negotiated between the passenger
and driver.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Auto rickshaw
8
Thailand
A tuk-tuk used by the police in Chiangmai,
Thailand
The auto rickshaw, called tuk-tuk (Thai: €•‚ƒ€•‚ƒ, pronounced
"took-took") or sam-lor (Thai: „…†‡ˆ‰) meaning three-wheeler in
Thailand, is a widely used form of urban transport in Bangkok and
other Thai cities. It is particularly popular where traffic congestion is a
major problem, such as in Bangkok and Nakhon Ratchasima. The
name is onomatopoeic, mimicking the sound of a small (often
two-cycle) engine. An equivalent English term would be
"putt-putt."Wikipedia:Citation needed
Bangkok and other cities in Thailand have many tuk-tuks which are a
more open variation on the India auto-rickshaw. There are no meters,
and trip costs are negotiated in advance. Bangkok fares have risen to
nearly equal normal taxis due to uninformed foreigners willing to pay
the asking price, but leaves passengers more exposed to environmental
pollution than taxis. The solid roof is so low that the tuk-tuk is a
difficult touring vehicle. Today few locals take one unless they are burdened with packages or travelling in a big
group for short distances.Wikipedia:Citation needed
The Thai tuk tuk is starting to change from the old smoke-spewing vehicle of yesteryear. Many Thai Tuk Tuk
companies now produce low emission vehicles, and even old ones are having new engines fitted along with LPG
conversions. In an early morning of Bangkok, these same passenger vehicles can be seen busily transporting fresh
produce around the city. The new tuk tuks also have wet weather sides to keep passengers and drivers
dry.Wikipedia:Citation needed
The Thai auto-rikshaw manufacturers are, Monika Motors Ltd., TukTuk (Thailand) Co., Ltd., TukTuk Forwerder
Co., Ltd.Bangkok and MMW Tuk-Tuks Co.,Ltd. in Hua Hin. Smaller manufacturers are the Chinnaraje Co., Ltd. in
Chiang Mai and the Expertise Co., Ltd. in Chonburi which is manufacturing its models in Komaki, Japan,
also.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Vietnam
Xe lam in Vietnam (2006) with the Lambretta
mark still visible
Known locally as xe lam, the vernacular pronunciation of the Lambro
from the Lambretta line by Innocenti of Italy, these vehicles were very
popular in the 1960s and 1970s, especially the urban centers of South
Vietnam. Over time the authorities have moved to limit their use.
Xe lam with 1-wheel forward and 2-aft were designed to carry
passengers whereas other variants with 2-forward and 1-aft, used
mostly to transport goods are known as Xe ba g•c m•y. The motorized
version of cycle rickshaw is the X‚ch lƒ m•y is of the same design.
Auto rickshaw
9
Europe
Italy
An Ape C (1956‚1967)
Auto rickshaws have been commonly used in Italy since the late 1940s,
providing a low-cost means of transportation in the post-World-War-II
years when the country was short of economic resources. The Piaggio
Ape, invented by Vespa creator Corradino D'Ascanio and first
manufactured in 1948 by the Italian company Piaggio, though
primarily designed for carrying freight has also been widely used as an
auto rickshaw. It is still extremely popular throughout the country,
being particularly useful in the narrow streets found in the center of
many little towns in central and southern Italy. Though it no longer has
a key role in transportation, Piaggio Ape is still used as a minitaxi in
some areas such as the islands of Ischia and Stromboli (on Stromboli
no cars are allowed). It has recently been re-launched as a trendy-ecological means of transportation, or, relying on
the role the Ape played in the history of Italian design, as a promotional tool. Since 2006 the Ape has been produced
under licence in India, where currently it is one of the most popular types of auto rickshaws.Wikipedia:Citation
needed
Netherlands
Since 2007, tuk-tuks have been active in the Netherlands, starting with Amsterdam. They now operate in
Amersfoort, Amsterdam, The Hague, Zandvoort, Bergen op Zoom, the popular beach resort Renesse and Rotterdam.
The tuk-tuks in the Netherlands are imported from India and Thailand. They are fitted with CNG engines and have
passed the EURO-4 rules.Wikipedia:Citation needed
United Kingdom
Tuctucs booking Auto rickshaw
located in Brighton Marina.
The first Tuk Tuks to enter service in the United Kingdom were supplied and
built by MMW Imports in 1999, under the brand name MMW Tuk Tuks. The
very first Private Hire licence was issued to an MMW Tuk Tuk for tours of Bath
in the year 2000, MMW also gained full Hackney license in Weston-super-Mare.
MMW also now export Tuk Tuks from Thailand to the Netherlands, Germany,
Spain, New Zealand and Australia. All the MMW range are built in their own
factory in Thailand and are custom made for each customer's needs; hence no
two tuk tuks are the same, and they come fully customized as per required spec.
Tukshop of Southampton started the commercial importing of Tuk Tuks into the
UK in 2003, which resulted in many people being inspired to set up taxi-type
operations in a number of cities including Blackpool, Brighton and Leeds.
Tukshop failed to gain a taxi operator license for London after a number of
media appearances in 2004. The company, founded by mrsteve, are specialists in
experiential marketing using the iconic three-wheelers for street marketing
campaigns. Clients of Tukshop include many household names, such as T Mobile, Harrods, Universal Pictures, O2,
BBC, Freeview, Price Waterhouse Coopers, Tiger Beer & Grolsch lager. Tukshop have imported and put over one
hundred tuk tuks on the roads of the UK and Europe between starting the business and Oct 2010. The company
currently stocks models from Piaggio & Bajaj, including the commercial versions such as the TM
Van.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Auto rickshaw
10
A Bajaj tuk tuk is currently operated by Bangwallop of Salcombe, South Devon. Taking just two passengers at a
time, the tuk tuk has an operator's licence issued by VOSA and trips can be booked in advance.Wikipedia:Citation
needed
Auto rickshaws were introduced to the city of Brighton and Hove on 10 July 2006 by entrepreneur Dominic
Ponniah's company Tuctuc Ltd, who had the idea after seeing the vehicles used in India and Sri Lanka. They were
CNG-powered, using a four-speed (plus reverse) 175 cc engine. Under the terms of their license, the Bajas ran on a
fixed single route, and stopped only at designated stops. They are of the same design as traditional auto rickshaws in
other countries.Wikipedia:Citation needed
An investigation was launched into Tuctuc Ltd's operation of the service after complaints were raised, primarily by
the city's taxi drivers, that routes, stopping points and timetables were not being adhered to. In November 2006, the
company was fined ‚16,500 ‚ the maximum penalty possible ‚ by the South East Traffic Commissioner. After
amendments were made to the timetable to reduce delays and improve reliability, the Commissioner allowed the
company to keep its operating license. However, the company announced in January 2008 that it was ceasing
operations, citing "archaic legislation" as the reason.
In the Scottish capital, Edinburgh, there is a new street food restaurant called Tuk Tuk Indian Street Food, that has its
own branded Tuk Tuks, which are used for marketing around the town and picking up customers on special
occasions.
Central America
Bajaj mototaxis in El Salvador
El Salvador
The mototaxi or moto is the El Salvadoran version of the auto
rickshaw. These are most commonly made from the front end and
engine of a motorcycle attached to a two-wheeled passenger area in
back. Commercially produced models, such as the Indian Bajaj brand,
are also employed.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Guatemala
In Guatemala the commercial vehicles are referred to as tuk-tuks.
Tuk-tuks operate, both as taxis and private vehicles, in Guatemala City, Guatemala, around the island town of Flores,
Peten, in the mountain city of Antigua Guatemala, and in many small towns in the mountains. In 2005 the tuk-tuks
prevalent in the Lago de Atitlƒn towns of Panajachel and Santiago Atitlƒn all appeared to be from India (Bajaj
Auto).Wikipedia:Citation needed
Auto rickshaw
11
Honduras
Three-wheeled all-in-one tuk-tuks are used in the place of traditional taxis in most rural towns and
villages.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Nicaragua
As of 2011 there were an estimated 5,000 mototaxis, popularly known as "caponeras".
[10]
Caribbean
Three-wheeled Coco taxis in Havana, Cuba
Cuba
Three-wheeled Coco taxis, named for their resemblance to a coconut,
are used in Havana, Cuba.Wikipedia:Citation needed
South America
Home-made conversion mototaxi in Guayaquil,
Ecuador
Wikipedia:Citation needed
Ecuador
The mototaxi is the Ecuatorian version of the auto rickshaw. These are
most commonly made from the front end and engine of a motorcycle
attached to a two-wheeled passenger area in back.Wikipedia:Citation
needed
Peru
It is a common sight in the rural areas, towns and cities of Peru to see
auto rickshaws, locally known as "mototaxis," "motokars", "taxi cholo", or "cholotaxi" lining up to pick up
passengers as their fares are generally lower than car taxis. They are also in the capital, Lima, but they are usually
restricted to the peripheral districts. The "jungle" cities and towns in eastern Peru are famous for their prevalence of
auto rickshaws. This vehicle, usually running on regular unleaded gasoline, is the main non-private transport vehicle,
and is known as "motocarro", "mototaxi" or "tuk-tuk" (for foreigners).Wikipedia:Citation needed
Many of the jungle areas of eastern Peru can be extremely noisy as a result of poorly maintained auto rickshaws and
other 2 or 3-wheel vehicles, especially in high traffic or hilly areas. Auto-rickshaw brands such as the Indian-made
Bajaj, which use GLP [a form of liquified petroleum gas which some car taxis also use] are much quieter.
Wikipedia:Citation needed
Auto rickshaw
12
North America
United States
Tuk Tuks were introduced to the United States through Tuk Tuk North America of Swainsboro, Georgia. As early as
2006, Mr. Roy Jordan, the owner of Tuk Tuk North America, began working with both the U.S. federal government
and manufacturers in Thailand to configure a tuk tuk that was cost effective but adaptable to meet or exceed U.S.
Department of Transportation regulations. He was able to contract a manufacturer who could make imported tuk tuks
that could meet all necessary federal regulations in the U.S. Original products were imported from Thailand and
were gas propelled. Due to the changing regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency, the introduction of
imported gas-propelled tuk tuks was short-lived. Due to such changes, in 2009 Tuk Tuk North America decided to
go dormant in its importing of gas propelled tuk tuks into the U.S.Wikipedia:Citation needed
However, with the growing emphasis on sustainable ƒgreen„ energy and the recognition of the continuing rising oil
prices, in 2011 the project's short dormancy was rejuvenated being redirected towards introduction of a complete line
of all-electric tuk tuks. The line included eight models of "street legal" tuk tuks including passenger, utility, and
delivery vehicles. These were offered under the manufacturer…s new name, Electro Technologies LLC, and marketed
and sold exclusively through Tuk Tuk Transport LLC of Lenoir City, Tennessee, under the leadership of C. Phillip
Tallant.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Prior to 2013, the greatest obstacle to commercial transportation usage of the electric tuk tuks created by Electro
Technologies was addressed in mid 2013 by providing a means by which ET Tuk Tuks could be in service 24/7.
With this advancement grew the opportunity for formation of Tuk Tuk of America, a company by which partnering
affiliates across the U.S. could begin their own local niche urban mobility transportation company with guaranteed
protected territories.
Fuel efficiency and pollution
In July 1998, the Supreme Court of India ordered the Delhi government to implement CNG or LPG (Autogas) fuel
for all autos and for the entire bus fleet in and around the city.Wikipedia:Citation needed Delhi's air quality has
improved with the switch to CNG. Initially, auto rickshaw drivers in Delhi had to wait in long queues for CNG
refueling, but the situation has improved with the increase of CNG stations. Certain local governments are pushing
for four-stroke engines instead of the current two-stroke versions. Typical mileage for an Indian-made auto rickshaw
is around 35 kilometers per liter of petrol (about 2.9 L per 100 km, or 82 miles per gallon [United States (wet
measure), 100 miles per gallon Imperial (United Kingdom, Canada)]. Pakistan has passed a similar law prohibiting
auto rickshaws in certain areas. CNG auto rickshaws have started to appear in huge numbers in many Pakistani
cities.Wikipedia:Citation needed
In January 2007 the Sri Lankan government also banned two-stroke trishaws to reduce air pollution. In the
Philippines there are projects to convert carburated two-stroke engines to direct-injected via Envirofit technology.
Research has shown LPG or CNG gas direct-injection to be retrofit-able to existing engines in similar fashion to the
Envirofit system. In Vigan City majority of tricycles-for-hire as of 2008 are powered by motorcycles with
four-stroke engines, as tricycles with two-stroke motorcycles are prevented from receiving operating permits. Direct
injection is standard equipment on new machines in India.
In March 2009 an international consortium coordinated by the International Centre for Hydrogen Energy
Technologies initiated a two-year public-private partnership of local and international stakeholders aiming at
operating a fleet of 15 hydrogen-fueled three-wheeled vehicles in New Delhi's Pragati Maidan complex. As of
January 2011, the project was upon completion.Wikipedia:Citation needed
In the meantime, in October, 2011, the Department of Transportation for the U.S. approved the complete 2012 series
of American made, all-electric tuk tuks by Electro Technologies. Chassis were still being shipped in from Thailand,
but now with the inclusion of all electrical components as manufactured only in the U.S. with assembly completed in
Auto rickshaw
13
Chattanooga, Tennessee. The American made electric tuk tuks were unique in that they were charged through
common 110v outlets providing a range of 60 to 100(+) miles per charge (depending upon model and conditions)
with a recharge time between 4 to 6 hours. The Electro Technologies Tuk Tuks topped out at 40 miles per hour
which perfectly addresses the needs of their design; niche urban mobile transportation.Wikipedia:Citation needed
The greatest obstacle to daily usage in niche urban mobile commercial transportation was addressed in 2013 by
Electro Technologies when they introduced their quick-release battery pack allowing for restoration of 100% power
availability in just a few short minutes. This commercial upgrade allowed niche urban transportation businesses to
operate 24/7 with no interruption to business.
Traffic issues
Auto rickshaws have a top-speed of around 50 km/h (about 31 mph) and a cruising speed of around 35 km/h
(22 mph), much slower than the automobiles they share the road with. Traffic authorities in big cities try to
implement mechanisms to reduce the resulting traffic slowing, but none have proven effective.Wikipedia:Citation
needed
The MMW Tuk Tuk has a top speed of around 70 mph and with the introduction of the new turbo will have much
improved acceleration, to allow for increased speed these Tuk Tuks have anti-roll bars and are fitted with disc
brakes.Wikipedia:Citation needed
The triangular form of the vehicle makes maneuvering easy, with the single front wheel negotiating the available
gap, and the rear two wheels forcing a larger space. Care must be taken even at low speeds, however, because of the
stability problems of three-wheeler vehicles with a single front wheel. Such a "delta"-configuration three-wheeler
can easily roll if the driver turns while braking.Wikipedia:Citation needed
In the Philippines, 2-stroke motor tricycle such as Yamaha RS-100T can give a top speed of 55 km/h (one passenger
in the sidecar), or 30‚40 km/h (full passengers in the sidecar).Wikipedia:Citation needed
More powerful four-stroke motor tricycles such as Honda TMX & Yamaha STX & Bajaj CT-100 can give a top
speed up to 70‚85 km/h (special trip/one passenger) or 40‚50 km/h (full passengers).Wikipedia:Citation needed
Racing
Due to their relatively low top-speed, auto rickshaws have never lent themselves to conventional road or street
racing. However, their modest speed, simple construction and impressive fuel economy has endeared them to the
international amateur adventuring community, most notably with the Rickshaw Run and also the Indian
Autorickshaw Challenge, and even off-road racing with the Apecar competitions in Italy. A Tuk Tuk built by Art In
Motion, LLC competed in the 2008 Fireball Run II ‚ Back to the Track
Portrayal in media
Auto rickshaws are often portrayed in Indian films (Auto Shankar, Basha, Aye Auto, Oram Po, Hero Hiralal) as well
as some Hollywood and foreign productions such as the James Bond film Octopussy, the Canada-India film Amal
and the Indonesian movie Pembalasan Rambu. Auto rickshaws are also prominent in the fuel-poor London of 2027
A.D. depicted in Children of Men. A memorable tuk-tuk chase features in the Thai film Ong-Bak: Muay Thai
Warrior, climaxing with many of them driving off the edge of an unfinished elevated expressway. The video games
Just Cause 2, Stuntman, and Battlefield: Bad Company 2: Vietnam feature Tuk-Tuks as drivable vehicles. James
Bond (Pierce Brosnan) rides in a tuk-tuk in a Visa Card commercial.
Auto rickshaw
14
Notes
[1] History of Tuk-Tuk (http:/ / www. thailandtuktuk. com/ history-tuktuk-en/ )
[2] Dinesh.com "AutoRickshaw" (http:/ / www.dinesh.com/ india_info/ only_in_india/ autorickshaw. html)
[3] „ … † ‡ ˆ ‰ Š ‹ Œ • Ž • • ‘ ’ (http:/ / www.takaharabooks. com/ item/ 0000810000000037. asp)“ Nobuyuki
Kimura "Story of Midget", Published on November 10, 1998”
[4] [4] Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. public relations section
[5] BANGKOK SHUHO Newspaper (http:/ / www.bangkokshuho. com/ archive/ 2007/ weekly/ 07archives/ keizai1297. htm#11) „• – —
˜ ™ š › † ‡ œ • ž Ÿ ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ © ª « © ¬ - ® ¯ ° ± ² ³ ´ • µ • ¦ ® ¶
· « ¸ ¹ º » - ± ¼
[6] /index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=321:2009-11-30-05-34-59&catid=54:2009-09-09-07-52-31&Itemid=232 Royal Thai
Embassy Tokyo, Japan (http:/ / www. thaiembassy.jp/ rte1) ® ¶ ¬ ½ ¾ « ¯ ° « ‡ ¿ ž ‡ ¿ ž (Tuk-Tuk of Thailand was
born in Japan.)
[7] [7] The Japanese Government abolished the three-wheeler license in 1965.
[8] Typical fuel economy for an Indian-made auto rickshaw is around 35 kilometers per liter of petrol (about 2.9 L per 100 km, or 82 miles per
US gallon [United States], 100 miles per Imperial gallon [United Kingdom & Canada].Wikipedia:Citation needed
[9] http:/ / www. newkerala. com/ news/ story/ 12553/ maharashtra-govt-refuses-to-increase-autorickshaw-taxi-fares. html
[10] The Invasion of the Moto-Taxis (http:/ / www.nicagazette. com/ 2011/ 03/ the-invasion-of-the-moto-taxis/ )
References
External links
… Article: Hybrid tuk-tuks are coming (http:/ / www. erasmuspc. com/ index. php?id=18544& type=article)
… The India 1000 (http:/ / www. wired. com/ wired/ archive/ 15. 01/ posts. html?pg=5) ‚ an article in Wired about
auto rickshaw racing
… Dial-a-rickshaw services changing the auto-rickshaw ecosystem (http:/ / www. punemirror. in/ index.
aspx?page=article& sectid=2& contentid=201109142011091401333080224ebcfd8)
Article Sources and Contributors
15
Article Sources and Contributors
Auto rickshaw  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=607847244  Contributors: 119gh, A bit iffy, AHands, AMuseo, Aakkshay, Aarem, Abhishek191288, Acroterion, Adam Carr,
Adamstraw99, Ae-a, After Midnight, Agent 78787, Agnesknosis, Agordhandas, Ahoerstemeier, Ajcodes, Alansohn, Albert Pujols, Ambarish, AndreevAV, Andrei Stroe, AndyZ, Anetode,
Anilisanil, Anna Frodesiak, Anoop, Anton Leddin, Anupam, Aprilrain82, Apuwdm2, Arjunravinarayan, Arvindn, Ashwatham, Asnatu wiki, AtholM, Austin Hair, Autocity, Avashnirvana,
Awg97, AxelBoldt, Bagoto, BarretB, Barvennon, Battleaxe1973, Bentley4, Bernie843, Bgag, Bilsonius, Blaiq, Bluemoose, Bnreddy, Bobblewik, Bonadea, BorgQueen, BrEdWhite, Brianhe,
Brog Likes Rocks, Bruce Hall, C. Phillip Tallant, CalJW, Candleabracadabra, Carbonyte, CaroleHenson, Cavalier24601, Cgkapp, Chancemill, ChicXulub, Chirag, Chirags, Chris 73, Chris the
speller, Ckatz, ClaudineChionh, Cmdrjameson, Colonies Chris, CommonsDelinker, Copysan, Courcelles, Cptcptcpt1, Crazymapleleaf, D'pak HKadam, D22, DaGizza, Dale Arnett, Danyal2002,
Darkwind, Darvit Chandhurai, Daryona, David Gerard, De728631, DeadEyeArrow, Deepak, Deeptrivia, Degen Earthfast, Dekimasu, Demoniccathandler, Dennis Bratland, Diabolical mdog,
Diannaa, Dori, DoveOfLove, Drbreznjev, Duy†t-ph‡, EZio, Earthlyreason, Easwarno1, Ed Cormany, Editore99, Edward321, Eelamstylez77, El C, ElementFire, Encephalon, Erianna, Ethically
Yours, FahimF, Fastfission, Fences and windows, Ferrierd, FetteK, Firsfron, Foolfromhell, Forderud, Gaius Cornelius, Gandhietami, Ganeshk, Gareth Griffith-Jones, Gauravchauhan4, Gdr,
Gell075, Geni, Geniac, Geoffrey Leonard VII, Gibird, Gidonb, Giraffedata, Graham87, Gregory Dziedzic, Groyolo, Guanaco, Gulzarg, Gyrofrog, Hadal, Hadeer08, HaiNgLakbay, Hairy Dude,
Hassocks5489, Hayabusa future, Henry Flower, Hippietrail, Hmains, Howcheng, Hu12, Hvnk, Hwt4321, IFaqeer, IMpbt, IScorpio, IceUnshattered, Icseaturtles, Ijliao, Iner22, InnocentMind,
Interiot, Inwind, Iranway, IronDuke, ItsZippy, Izwalito, JR789, Jackbrown, Jainpratiek, Jal, Jeepday, Jeffrey O. Gustafson, Jeltz, Jengod, Jim62sch, JoJo, John of Reading, Johnuniq, Jongleur100,
Jorobeq, Jorran, JoshDieter, JoshyDinda, KLL Joe, KRS, Kalivd, Kaushal mehta, KayEss, Kaysov, Ke4roh, Keinstein, Keithbob, KenFehling, Kenshinflyer, Kenwarren, KevinRachel2010,
Khazar, Kimdino, Kimo4ever72, Kingsleyj, Kiran 6853, KnightxxArrow, Knipptang, Kppethe, Kwamikagami, Kzaral, L-Bit, Lanka007, LeaveSleaves, Liftarn, LilHelpa, LogX, Lorax027,
LordSimonofShropshire, LorenzoB, LostTemplar, Love Krittaya, Lupin, Maestrosync, Mahjongg, Mahmudmasri, Mandarax, Manoj 666, Mariordo, Mark Richards, Mark Zinthefer, Martzelino,
Materialscientist, Matt Crypto, Mav, Maverik, Maximus Rex, Mcarling, Mdann52, Mediaguyz, Merbabu, Mercunis, Meursault2004, Mgiganteus1, Michael Hardy, MickMacNee, MikeLynch,
Mikeblas, Mild Bill Hiccup, Miraclediver, Mkouklis, Mohsin17, Mpatel, Muhammad Mahdi Karim, Mullickprashant, Mydogtrouble, Nankai, Niceguyedc, Nichalp, Nick Number, Nikkul,
Nipunsaini2003, Nireekshit, Nolelover, Norm, Northamerica1000, Ns336, Ny512, Oldmanrallier, Omegakent, Omeiryusuf, OnePt618, Pare Mo, Parvez gsm, Patrick, PaulinSaudi, Pearle, Peeyush
maurya, Percy Meza, Peridon, Perudon, Pete.sonderskov, Philologus, PigFlu Oink, Pigkeeper, Pinethicket, Pisethinfo, Plutonium27, Pratheek, Pratheepps, Praveenindiaa, Psubhashish, Pwt898,
R6MaY89, Raghu.kuttan, Rajasekaran Deepak, Raul654, Ravidreams, Rayabhari, Rayne117, Rdhinakar, RedWolf, Reji Jacob, Rich257, Rjwilmsi, RobDe68, Robert Elliott, RobertG,
Robynireton, RoyBoy, Rrjanbiah, Rsrikanth05, RyanTMulligan, SD5, SajjadF, SameerKhan, Samsujata, Sansonic, Santamoly, Sbharris, Seba5618, Sebwite, Seth Ilys, Shashvat, Shell Kinney,
Shockosugi, Shreshth91, Shyamsunder, Signalhead, Sindhi91, Sissiak, Sitush, Skthetwo, Sladen, Slon02, Smilo Don, Snigbrook, Sonett72, Soulparadox, Speer320, Srs, Stefan Jansen,
Stephensuleeman, Stevew1, Stian, Stonebronzeiron, Suhit Kelkar, Sun Creator, Sundar, Sundarnut, Supten, Susurrus, Syiem, Takeaway, Taxman, Teabagrumon, TerraHikaru, TestPilot, Thaejas,
Thane, The Thing That Should Not Be, TheAL, TheAutoJunkie, Theoffice89, Theoneinblue, Theparties, ThomasJessica, Thought-and-Memory, Thumperward, Tide rolls, Tpbradbury, Tresiden,
Tri400, Trident13, TrojanSkin, TukTukTransport, Tuktukmike, Unisouth, Utcursch, VK35, Varghese85, Vblanton, Veggies, Veinor, Velella, Velhinho1234, VeryVerily, Victorgrigas, Vij4yd,
Viranj, Vishaltayal, Viveksinha in, Volunteer Marek, Vssun, Waggers, Wandering canadian, WarrenA, Wavelength, Well-rested, Wer900, WereSpielChequers, Westernpit, Whitetararaj, Whoosit,
Widr, Wiki-uk, Wikicentral, Wikky Horse, Woohookitty, WotWeiller, Wtmitchell, Wtwilson3, Ww2censor, Wykebjs, YUL89YYZ, Yellow-lab, Yelyos, Ynhockey, Yogesh Khandke, Zenit,
Zocky, À Á Â Ã , 525 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
File:Autorickshaw Bangalore.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Autorickshaw_Bangalore.jpg  License: unknown  Contributors: Jovianeye, Muhammad Mahdi Karim,
Roland zh
File:Tuk-tuk in Sri Racha 01.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tuk-tuk_in_Sri_Racha_01.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors:
User:Ilya p
File:Three-wheel Taxi (7185455520).jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Three-wheel_Taxi_(7185455520).jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0
 Contributors: David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada
File:March€ Chep€n.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Marchˆ_Chepˆn.JPG  License: Public Domain  Contributors: AgainErick, Bukk, Denniss, Pwin, 1 anonymous
edits
File:Tuk-tuk in Mek'ele.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tuk-tuk_in_Mek'ele.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0  Contributors:
Bernard Gagnon
File:Three wheeler in Pingyao.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Three_wheeler_in_Pingyao.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0  Contributors: Luo
Shaoyang from Beijing, China
File:1957 Daihatsu Midget 01.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:1957_Daihatsu_Midget_01.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0
 Contributors: Mytho88
File:Tuk-tuk in Nairobi 2.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tuk-tuk_in_Nairobi_2.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0
 Contributors: Daryona
File:Cngs dhaka.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cngs_dhaka.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: User:Volunteer Marek
File:Phnom Pen - Tuk Tuk (1).JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Phnom_Pen_-_Tuk_Tuk_(1).JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0
 Contributors: Remi Jouan
File:Auto-rickshaw in Haikou - 02.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto-rickshaw_in_Haikou_-_02.jpg  License: Creative Commons Zero  Contributors: User:Anna
Frodesiak
File:India Victor Grigas 2011-4.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:India_Victor_Grigas_2011-4.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0
 Contributors: User:Victorgrigas
File:Auto rickshaw antique.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_rickshaw_antique.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors:
User:Nireekshit
File:Auto Rickshaw Interior.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Auto_Rickshaw_Interior.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors:
User:ItsZippy
File:Tuk-tuk in Savannakhet 01.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tuk-tuk_in_Savannakhet_01.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0
 Contributors: User:Ilya p
File:RickshawPak.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:RickshawPak.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Original uploader was Omeiryusuf at en.wikipedia. Later
version(s) were uploaded by Tom dl at en.wikipedia.
File:Put put put....jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Put_put_put....jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0  Contributors: Waqas Mustafeez from Stanford,
USA
Image:Tricycle-Philippines-Dumaguete.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tricycle-Philippines-Dumaguete.JPG  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Wtmitchell
(talk) (earlier Boracay Bill). Original uploader was Wtmitchell at en.wikipedia
Image:Kalibo trike.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kalibo_trike.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Kaliboaklan (talk).
Original uploader was Kaliboaklan at en.wikipedia
Image:Banaue Philippines Local-Taxi-01.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Banaue_Philippines_Local-Taxi-01.jpg  License: Creative Commons
Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: User:Cccefalon
Image:Tuk-Tuk Sri Lanka.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tuk-Tuk_Sri_Lanka.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0
 Contributors: Bernard Gagnon
File:Traffic police tuk tuk Chiang Mai.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Traffic_police_tuk_tuk_Chiang_Mai.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike
3.0  Contributors: User:Takeaway
File:Xe lam M• Tho.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Xe_lam_M‰_Tho.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: Ian Armstrong
from Travelling the world at moment, Australia
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
16
File:Piaggio Ape C.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Piaggio_Ape_C.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: Original uploader was
UglyKidJoe at de.wikipedia
Image:Brighton to Newhaven along the coast 056.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Brighton_to_Newhaven_along_the_coast_056.jpg  License: Public Domain
 Contributors: Original uploader was Briantist at en.wikipedia
File:ES Mototaxi 06 2011 1973.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:ES_Mototaxi_06_2011_1973.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0
 Contributors: User:Mariordo
File:Coco taxis.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Coco_taxis.JPG  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Jongleur100
File:Guayaquil mototaxi 06 2011 1898.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Guayaquil_mototaxi_06_2011_1898.JPG  License: Creative Commons
Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: User:Mariordo
License
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