Basic Safety Awareness Training

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Basic Safety Awareness Training

Industry Recommended Practice (IRP) Volume 16 - 2003
Sanctioned 2003-05

This document as well as future revisions and additions are available from:

Enform 1538 – 25 Avenue NE Calgary, Alberta T2E 8Y3 Phone: (403) 250-9606 Fax: (403) 291-9408 Website: www.enform.ca

Table of Contents
16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 Acknowledgement ................................................................................. 1 Disclaimer ............................................................................................... 3 Purpose................................................................................................... 4 Scope ...................................................................................................... 5 Definitions and Terminology ................................................................. 6 Responsibilities ..................................................................................... 7 Actions .................................................................................................... 9 Program Development ......................................................................... 10 16.8.1 Training Method .................................................................................. 10 16.8.2 Program Content ................................................................................ 11 16.8.3 Knowledge Assessment ................................................................... 12 16.8.4 Administration ..................................................................................... 13 Reaffirmation ........................................................................................ 15

16.9

Appendix “A” - Glossary of Definitions ......................................................... 16 Appendix “B” - Legislation.............................................................................. 28 Provincial .......................................................................................................... 29 Alberta ..................................................................................................... 29 British Columbia ..................................................................................... 30 Manitoba .................................................................................................. 31 Saskatchewan .......................................................................................... 32 Yukon Workers’ Compensation Health and Safety Board...................... 32 Federal ............................................................................................................... 33 Acts 33 Codes ....................................................................................................... 33 Regulations .............................................................................................. 34 Other ........................................................................................................ 34

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Sources for Legislation ................................................................................. 35 Federal ..................................................................................................... 35 Provincial ................................................................................................. 36 Appendix “C” – Program Content Reference ................................................ 37 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 Regulations .......................................................................................... 37 Hazard Management ............................................................................ 61 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Respiratory Protection . 68 Safe Work Practices – General ........................................................... 79 Common Workplace Hazards ............................................................. 91 Oil and Gas Industry Hazards and Controls ...................................... 99 Exploration Hazards and Control ..................................................... 104 Rig Hazards and Control ................................................................... 107 Oilfield Trucking Hazards and Control ............................................. 109 Production and Plant Hazards and Control ..................................... 110 Emergency Response........................................................................ 112 Safety Communication ...................................................................... 113

Appendix “D” – Gap Analysis for Basic Safety Awareness Training ........ 116

Basic Safety Awareness Training

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16

Basic Safety Awareness Training

16.1 Acknowledgement
This Industry Recommended Practice (IRP) is a guideline, and is intended to provide industry with advice in providing Basic Safety Awareness Training. The following list of individuals participated in the review of this Industry Recommended Practice through the Canadian Petroleum Safety Council (CPSC). Chris Amos, Baker Hughes Neil Merchant, Apache Canada Ltd. Judy Hanson, ProVantage Murray Sunstrum, Canadian Petroleum Safety Council Recommended By: Association: Canadian Association of Geophysical Contractors (CAGC) Canadian Association of Oilwell Drilling Contractors (CAODC) Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) Canadian Gas Association (CGA) Petroleum Services Association of Canada (PSAC) Small Explorers and Producers Association of Canada (SEPAC)

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Government Members: Alberta Energy and Utilities Board Alberta Human Resources and Employment Human Resources Development Canada Manitoba Industry, Trade and Mines Manitoba Labour National Energy Board Oil and Gas Commission, British Columbia Saskatchewan Industry and Resources Saskatchewan Labour Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia Yukon Economic Development Workers’ Compensation Boards: Workers’ Compensation Board of Alberta Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia Workers' Compensation Board of Manitoba Workers’ Compensation Board of Saskatchewan Workers’ Compensation Board of Northwest Territories & Nunavut Yukon Workers’ Compensation Health and Safety Board

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16.2 Disclaimer
The Basic Safety Awareness Training sets out in general terms the content and considerations to be taken into account for Basic Safety Awareness Training geared towards companies working in the Upstream/Mid-stream Oil and Gas industry in Canada. The aim is to outline for companies the standard expected from the industry and thereby positively impact safety performance. It is intended to be a guideline. Every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information contained in this document and to avoid errors and omissions. The staff who prepared the document, the members who reviewed it, their companies and the organizations they represent make no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with the publication or the contents of any recommendation, and hereby disclaim liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from the use of this document, or for any violation of any statutory or regulatory requirements with which any recommendation may conflict. The information in this publication is intended for general use and may not apply to every circumstance. It is not a definitive guide to government regulations and does not exempt readers from their responsibilities under applicable legislation. Note: The name of this IRP was changed in January 2004 from: “Basic Industry Safety Orientation Program” to “Basic Safety Awareness Training”. All content for IRP 16 remains unchanged.

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16.3 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to directly contribute to the reduction of accidents and injuries that occur among contract workers in the upstream and mid-stream sectors of the oil and gas industry. Effective basic safety training programs have for years assisted in injury reduction among workers. This document is intended to provide companies in the oil and gas industry with the standard by which to assess their training to ensure appropriate information is included. By providing Basic Safety Awareness Training, repeated general safety training becomes unnecessary, streamlining the relationship between the contractor and the prime contractor. This does not preclude, however, the necessity for workers to participate in a site orientation for each and every worksite that they enter, to ensure they have been informed of the hazards specific to that site.

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16.4 Scope
This document is intended to provide companies in the oil and gas industry with a minimum industry standard to assist in program development or assessment of existing basic safety training programs. The Basic Safety Awareness Training IRP provides components for Basic Safety Awareness Training in the areas of legislation, hazards, and safe work practices associated with working in the industry. It does not, nor is it intended to, replace or reduce the necessity of each employer to conduct site and company specific hazard identification and controls that are essential to safety awareness. Companies may implement a program that meets or exceeds this standard, but that company assumes the burden to demonstrate their basic safety training program meets or exceeds this standard.

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16.5 Definitions and Terminology
A glossary of common safety definitions and terminology is included as Appendix “A”.

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16.6 Responsibilities
Each jurisdiction has specific legislation to ensure the health and safety of workers. There are many pieces of legislation that employers, workers and contractors must abide by in the process of performing work. In most provinces, the primary legislation for protecting worker health and safety is the Occupational Health and Safety Act. In British Columbia, the Workers Compensation Act provides the legislation. Regardless of the jurisdiction each legislation places obligations on employers, employees and contractors. Employers are responsible for ensuring the health and safety of not only their workers on a worksite, but of all workers at the worksite. The employer is also responsible to ensure that workers engaged in the work of the employer are aware of their responsibilities and duties under the jurisdiction’s act and regulations. Employers are also responsible to ensure that workers are informed of work site hazards, the appropriate codes of practice and safe work procedures to minimize the risk of hazards that are available and that workers are competent to perform their work safely. In the event of an accident, an employer must also be able to prove due diligence was exercised in preventing the occurrence of an accident. On work sites where a prime contractor is designated, the prime contractor assumes the obligation to ensure that all legislation and regulations are complied with, including establishing that the worker is aware of hazards. Establishing and implementing Basic Safety Awareness Training to inform workers of hazards involved in oil and gas operations would assist in proving that due diligence had been undertaken.

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Note:

The National Energy Board does not differentiate a prime contractor. The operator is responsible for all aspects of the program, and can not delegate their responsibility. The operators need to read, understand and apply the applicable Acts, Codes and Regulations. Failure to do so is a contravention leading to non-compliance.

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16.7 Actions
Companies working in the petroleum industry should provide training that meets the standard of this IRP to their employees before commencing work. Employees should be prepared to provide proof of training when accessing work sites. In the case where a company has utilized its’ own training program which does not correspond to IRP #16 standard, the owner/operator/prime contractor would be required to decide whether the program undertaken was acceptable, whether the worker could challenge a test or whether the worker would be required to attend a full orientation. Legislation dictates the minimum requirements to be met in regard to the safeguarding of workers. Regulatory requirements include all acts, regulations, policies, practices and procedures administered by government and their agencies. For reference purposes, a list of some relevant legislation is included in Appendix “B”. This list should not to be considered all inclusive.

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16.8 Program Development
16.8.1 Training Method There are many methods for delivering training. Instructional methods and media chosen should be both appropriate and practical. They should meet the training needs and objectives of this IRP and be as functional and economical as feasible. The method of delivering the program should also be based on adult learning principles. Some criterion to consider in choosing a method: How many people will require training? When/how often will they require training? Where would be the most feasible location for conducting the training? What physical facilities and equipment will be required? Will the equipment required be available at the location(s) chosen? If training is to be instructor led, will qualified instructors be available? Which delivery method would be most cost effective? Which delivery method would be the least time-intensive to create? Which delivery method would provide a program which will provide the shortest time commitment from a learner? Is a training program already available that would meet the need? The above questions should prompt consideration of whether the emphasis should be on instructor-guided training or training which is primarily guided by instructional materials such as self-teach workbook, video or computer-based training.

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16.8.2 Program Content

The content of this IRP is designed to raise worker awareness of their responsibilities in the workplace and instruct on how to recognize and work safely around hazards of oil and gas operations. Principles of hazard recognition, evaluation and control must be introduced. While it is not possible to cover all of the possible hazards a worker may encounter on a worksite, the most common workplace hazards should be introduced (e.g. pinch points, slip, trip and fall hazards) as well as hazards particular to the oil and gas industry (e.g. hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide gas, oxygen-deficient and explosive atmospheres). The overall message of the Basic Safety Awareness Training should stress that workers need to take responsibility for their own personal safety, as well as the safety of those they work with and around. It should also be emphasized that workers have the right and obligation to refuse work, if the employee has a reasonable cause to believe the work, or activity is unsafe. The employee also has an obligation to inform other employees, and management (right to know) and a right to participate in the process. This document contains a combination of general and specific sections. Some may not be applicable to your operations / circumstances.

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IRP

For Section 7.0 to Section 10 inclusive of “Appendix C”, a workers’ orientation may include only those topics relevant to the company’s operations. The record of training referred to in 16.8.4 should note which of these topics has been covered. Appendix “C” outlines the topics to be covered in Basic Safety Awareness Training. The training should be supplemented with any information that would be company specific, such as the company’s health, safety and environment policy statement, specific site hazards/processes guiding principles and safe work practices. This Basic Safety Awareness Training does not, nor is it intended to, replace or reduce the necessity to conduct site and company specific orientations.

16.8.3 Knowledge Assessment

A method is required for measuring the knowledge gained by the participants. This usually takes the form of a test at the end of the training, with questions being interspersed throughout the course. Decisions will be required on what constitutes an adequate level of knowledge (the “pass” mark), how many attempts a learner will be allowed to pass and how learners who do not pass will be handled.

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16.8.4 Administration

Record Keeping and Documentation: A system for keeping track of who has successfully completed the Basic Safety Awareness Training should be established and maintained. Also consideration should be given to providing the learner with documentation to verify successful completion of the course, such as a wallet card.

IRP

A record of training to this IRP standard must be provided; documents that the worker has completed this basic safety awareness training, and when the training was completed. The record of training must reference which hazard sections (7.0 – 10.0) under “Appendix C” were covered.

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Refresher Training: It is recommended that all employees working in the field renew their basic safety awareness training every 3 years. Program Evaluation: All training programs should be evaluated to determine the degree to which the objectives were met and how the program can be improved. Some methods for evaluating the program could include:
Measuring the reaction of the trainees to the program – this information is typically gathered after the session in the form of a questionnaire asking for feedback on the instructor, the method of instruction, the course content, the training facility, etc. This feedback facilitates assessment of how the learners received the program and whether or not they feel what they have learned is of value. Reviewing test results - if there are a significant number of “failures”, the program may require adjustment. Reviewing safety performance - the objectives of the program will be met and the program can be considered effective if there is a downward trend in the number of contractor incidents after training.

IRP

Companies are to review their orientation programs annually for completeness, updates, regulatory changes, etc.

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16.9 Reaffirmation
It is recommended that this IRP document be reviewed in 2005, to ensure that it remains functional and appropriate. Subsequent reviews should be able to be conducted every five years thereafter or earlier if the review committee deems it appropriate at the time of review.

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Appendix “A” - Glossary of Definitions
A worker-in-training: When under direct and competent supervision is allowed to perform a task or carry out a duty during that training. Accident: An undesired event that results in physical harm to a person or damage to property (DNV). ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. ANSI: American National Standards Institute API: American Petroleum Institute Approved: Refers to approval by a recognized testing agency or authority for use under existing conditions (e.g., NIOSH, CSA). ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers Blinding: Equipment used to isolate piping and prevent accidental exposure to or release of flammable or toxic liquids or gases into work areas. Bonding: A bond is an electrical tie or connection between two conducting bodies, which are usually metallic. The purpose of bonding is to prevent parking by providing a path over which stray currents and static charges may drain. BOP: Blowout Prevention CANUTEC: The Canadian Transport Emergency Center Carcinogen: A cancer-producing substance or agent.

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Appendix “A”

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CCOHS: Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety. Combustible Material: Combustible materials are ones that; either by themselves or in combination with their packaging; are highly susceptible to ignition and will contribute to the intensity and rapid spread of fire. Moderately combustible materials are ones that, either by themselves or in combination with their packaging, will contribute fuel to fire. Non-combustible materials are ones that will neither ignite nor support combustion. Competent: For the purpose of this IRP, the term “competent”, when used in relation to a worker, should be interpreted to mean that the worker is: Adequately qualified, suitable trained and with sufficient experience to safely perform the work at hand. Familiar with the intent of the applicable legislation, knowledgeable of the potential risk or actual danger to health or safety and aware of the means to control, mitigate or eliminate the hazards while performing the job. Confined Space: An enclosed or partially enclosed space having restricted access and egress and which, due to its design, construction, location, atmosphere, the materials or substances in it or other conditions, is or may become hazardous to a worker required to enter it. The escape or rescue of workers required to enter a confined space in an emergency may be hindered due to the reasons listed above. Examples of confined spaces include but are not limited to: tanks, bins, vessels, towers, furnaces, tank cars, sewers, pipeline, sumps, utility tunnels, dyed areas, excavations, boilers, silos, ventilation and exhaust ducts, vessel skirts, utility vaults, valve wells and pipe racks.

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Confined Space Entry: A person is considered to have entered a confined space when that person has sufficiently approached or passed the threshold of the confined space, to be essentially breathing the atmosphere of the confined space. Consultant: An individual hired to provide professional or expert advice or services. Contractor: An individual or company hired under contract to provide services to another individual or company. Controlled Product: A product, material, or substance included in any of the classes listed in Schedule II of the Hazardous Products Act (specified by the regulations made pursuant to paragraph 15(1)(a) of the Act). Corrosive: Having the quality to corrode or consume (e.g., acid or H2S). Critical Job/Task: A specific element of work which historically has produced and/or which possesses the potential to produce major loss (people, environment, property or financial) when not properly performed. Critical Job/Task Inventory List: A comprehensive list of critical jobs/tasks produced from a systematic survey of all jobs/tasks in the department. The list should include a statement of the criteria used to identify "a critical job/task". Critical Part/Item: An item or component part of machinery, equipment, material, structure or area that is likely to result in a major problem or loss when worn, damaged, abused, misused or improperly applied, etc. Those critical few items or parts which, when worn, damaged, abused, misused or improperly applied, are more likely to result in a major problem or loss.

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CSA: Canadian Standards Association International Detection System: A device or control to identify hazardous, potentially hazardous, or abnormal conditions and to provide a warning to people and/or prevent loss. DNV: Det Norske Veritas Inc. (DNV) Employee: Any person employed by a company, including managers, supervisors and workers. Engineering Control: Methods of controlling employee exposure to safety or health hazards by enclosing the hazard, isolating the employee from the hazard, or reducing the transmission of the hazard to the employee, without the use of personal protective equipment. Ergonomics: A rational approach to designing and constructing equipment and environments so that they allow workers to be more productive and efficient while making fewer errors and facing fewer safety hazards than in other situations. Ergonomics are used to make equipment and environments more convenient, more comfortable, less confusing, less frustrating and less tiring. Excavation: Any man-made cavity or depression in the earth's surface, including its sides, walls or faces, formed by earth removal and producing unsupported earth conditions by reasons of the excavation. If installed forms or similar structures reduce the depth-to-width relationship, an excavation may become a trench (i.e., a trench is always an excavation, but an excavation is not necessarily a trench). First Aid: One-time treatment of minor scratches, cuts, burns, etc., with possible follow-up visits for observation, but not treatment.

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First Aid Unit: Equipment and facilities for administration of necessary first aid treatment and for removal of people from hazardous areas. Flammable Liquid: Any liquid with a flash point below 200 F. Flash Point: The lowest temperature at which vapors over a volatile combustible substance will ignite when exposed to an external source of ignition (and will continue to burn after the source is removed). Fugitive Emission: Gas, solid, liquid, vapor, fume, mist, fog or dust that escapes, unplanned, from process equipment, emission control equipment or from a product. Handling: Storing, dispensing and disposing of materials or containers. Harmful Substance: A substance which by its nature, application or presence creates or could create a danger to the health or safety of workers who are exposed to it. Hazard: A hazard can be defined as physical situation with a potential for injury, damage to property or damage to the environment.
Biological Hazards: Hazards that can cause illness, such as Hantavirus, allergies, etc. Chemical Hazards: Fumes, gases, aerosols, corrosives, alkalis, chemicals, solvents, sprays, heavy metals, poisons, and pesticides, etc. Environmental Hazards: Hazards such as noise, heat, cold, etc. Ergonomic Hazards: Cramped workspaces, improperly

adjusted equipment, repetitive tasks, etc Physical Hazards: Contact hazards that can cause injury such as cuts, burns, abrasions, etc. Psycho-social Hazards: Stress, fatigue, boredom, long term effects of shift work, etc.

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Hazard Assessment: A systematic process that determines the likelihood of adverse effects to a person(s) after exposure to the hazard. Hazard Classification: A designation of relative loss potential. A system that classifies substandard practices or conditions by the potential severity of the loss, should an accident or loss occur. Hazardous Condition: Any situation which exposes workers to a physical, chemical, electrical, high energy, etc. hazard that may adversely affect their health or safety. Hazard Label: A label required on controlled products. Hot Tapping: The process of welding a branch connection onto a pressure vessel, tank, connected piping or pipeline that contains flammable or other materials. The welding is done without blinding and purging the equipment beforehand. Hot Work: Any work involving burning, welding, riveting, grinding or other similar fire - or spark - producing tools or operations, as well as work which produces a source of ignition, such as drilling, abrasive blasting, and space heating. H2S: Hydrogen Sulphide IAPA: Industrial Accident Prevention Association of Ontario Incident: An undesired event that, under slightly different circumstances, could have resulted in personal harm, property damage, or loss. In other loss control disciplines, such as security, an incident could result in a loss. Also referred to as a near miss.

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Inspection: The careful examination of people, equipment, material, and the environment; the close and critical scrutiny for comparison with standards. Isolation: A process whereby a confined space is completely protected against the inadvertent release of material or energy. Job/Task Analysis: A systematic analysis of the steps involved with doing a job/task, the loss exposures involved, and the controls necessary to prevent loss. It should be a prerequisite to the development of work procedures and practices. An important step in the analysis would be consideration of the elimination or reduction of hazards. Journeyman Electrician: An electrician who has completed a specified number of hours of practical work and training as well as classroom study and exams. The requirements vary among the provinces. Jurisdiction Provincial/Territory: A provincial/federal bodies having authority over a worksite. LC50: Lethal concentration. LC50, indicates the atmospheric concentration of a substance at which half of the group of test animals die after a specified exposure time. LD50: Lethal dose; lowest dose of a substance introduced by any route, other than inhalation, over any given period of time in one or more divided portions and reported to have caused death in half of the test animals. LEL: Lower Explosive Limit Local Ventilation: Removal by mechanical means of gases, dust, etc., at their source or origin.

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Lockout: A practice for preventing the undesired operation of equipment or power systems by the affixing of a device with a lock which prevents anyone from turning on the power or energy source. Lost-Time Accident: An accident that causes a person to be away from work beyond the day of the injury, or A disabling injury where the employee was not able to show up for his or her regular work shift the next day. Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): The minimum concentration of a combustible gas or vapor in air, expressed in percent by volume that will ignite if an ignition source is present. Manager/ Supervisor: Person who has charge of a workplace or authority over a worker. Manufacturer's Rated Capacity: The maximum capacity, speed, load, depth of operation, or working pressure recommended by the manufacturer of equipment. Manufacturer's Specifications: The manufacturer's specifications, instructions or recommendations which outline how equipment is to be erected, installed, assembled, started, operated, used, handled, stored, stopped, adjusted, maintained, repaired or dismantled. They may include manufacturer's instruction, operating or maintenance manual and drawings. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): An information sheet containing health and safety information on the handling and storage of a product.

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Medical Aid: An injury that requires treatment from a professional medical doctor or dentist. The injury is not severe enough to prevent the employee from returning to work the next day. MSHA: Mine Safety and Health Administration (of the U.S. Department of Labour) NEC: National Electrical Code NFPA: National Fire Protection Association NIOSH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Occupational Illness: Any abnormal condition or disorder of an employee (other than one resulting from an occupational injury), caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment. Occupational Injury: Any injury that results from a work accident or from exposure to environmental factors associated with employment. OH&S: Occupational Health and Safety OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USA) PPM: Parts per million Personal Protective Equipment: The equipment or clothing worn by a worker to reduce the consequences of exposure to various hazards associated with working conditions or a work site. Personal protective equipment includes burning goggles, chainsaw pants, chemical goggles, chemical suits and aprons, cold weather clothing, dust masks, face shields, fire-retardant clothing, gloves, hard hats, hearing protection, high visibility safety vests, hoods, safety goggles, safety helmets and safetytoed footwear.

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Policy: A senior management statement which guides administration, reflects management's attitudes and commitment to safety and health, and defines the authority and respective relationships required to accomplish the organization's objectives. Positive Isolation: The blinding off, plugging or the complete removal and blanking off of interconnecting piping, vessels or sewers which may contain hazardous material. Pressure Vessels: Devices designed to contain gas or vapor under pressure. PSV: Pressure Safety Valve Procedure: An established and defined method of performing specified work. Product Identifier: The brand name, code name or code number specified by a supplier, or the product's chemical name, common name, generic name or trade name. This should be the name under which the material is sold. Purge: To rid of impurities or undesirables by bleeding, venting, etc., generally with steam, inert gas, nitrogen or CO2. Qualified Person: A person designated by the employer as capable (by experience education and/or specified training) to properly fulfill the required function. Respiratory Protection: Refers to any respiratory protective device or system designed to protect the wearer from inhalation of toxic or irritating substances. It can include air-purifying respirators, supplied air respirators or self-contained breathing apparatus.

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Risk: The chance of injury, damage or loss to people, materials or the environment. Safe Work Permit: A written record that authorizes specific work at a specific work location. It identifies the known hazards and safe work practices required for the work. Safe Work Procedure: A set of written guidelines for performing a specific work assignment properly (efficiently safely - productively). Safety Equipment: Equipment used to reduce the consequences of worker exposure to various worksite hazards. Safety equipment includes oxygen and other monitors, personal protective equipment, safety belts, lanyards and lifelines. SABA: Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus SCBA: Self Contained Breathing Apparatus Specifications: The written instructions, procedures, drawings or other documentation of a professional engineer or employer. They can relate to equipment, work process or operation. Spoil: The material resulting from an excavation. Standard: The defined criterion of effective performance. Subcontractor: An individual or company hired to perform all or part of the work contracted to someone else. TDG: Transportation of Dangerous Goods (Act) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): Concentration for airborne materials which are used as guides in the control of health hazards and represent time weighted averaged concentration to which workers may be repeatedly exposed eight (8) hours per day over extended periods without adverse effects.

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Toxic Substance: Any substance that is present or has the potential to be present in concentrations which may adversely affect the health of an exposed individual, as defined by provincial chemical exposure regulations. Toxicity: The ability of a chemical to cause harmful effects in a biological system. Trench: A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground. In general, the depth is greater than the width, but the width of a trench is not greater than 4.6 m (15 ft.) Trench Shield: A shoring system composed of steel plate and bracing, welded or bolted together to support the walls of a trench from the ground level to the trench bottom. The shield can be moved along as the work progresses. UEL: Upper explosive limit, or the maximum proportion of vapour or gas in air above which propagation of flame does not occur. Vapour: Gaseous phase of a substance which is liquid at normal temperature and pressure. WCB: Workers' Compensation Board WHMIS: Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System Worker: An employee under the supervision of a manager or supervisor. Zero Energy: A piece of equipment is in a state of zero energy when all sources of energy (e.g., electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic pressure, spring tension, gravitational, etc.) are effectively blocked or isolated and physically prevented from being energized by a locking device.

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Appendix “B” - Legislation
Basic Safety Awareness Training must comply with the requirements of the provinces in which the organization operates, as well as Federal requirements. Legislative Acts and Regulations may apply in some provinces and not in others, and it is the responsibility of your company to acquire the necessary information and train your employees appropriately. Specific legislative requirements often vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Examples include requirements for formal health and safety committees, trenching requirements, harassment policies, and working alone requirements. Make sure your employees are aware that there can be substantial differences.

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Provincial

Alberta

Energy and Utilities Board Act Forest and Prairie Protection Act Occupational Health Safety Act and Regulations Chemical Hazards Regulation Designation of Joint Work Site Health and Safety Committees Explosives Safety Regulations First Aid Regulation General Safety Regulation Noise Regulation Oil and Gas Conservation Act Oil Sands Conservation Act Pipeline Act and Regulations Public Health Act Work Camps Regulation Radiation Protection Act Safety Codes Act (replaces Boilers and Pressure Vessels Act, Electrical Protection Act, Fire prevention Act, Gas Protection Act and the Uniform Building Standards Act) Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act Transportation of Dangerous Goods Control Regulations Workers' Compensation Act and Regulations

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British Columbia Electrical Safety Act Electrical Safety Regulation B.C. Electrical Code Regulation Fire Services Act British Columbia Fire Code Regulations Health Act Industrial Camps Health Regulations Oil and Gas Commission, British Columbia Oil and Gas Handbook Petroleum and Natural Gas Act Drilling and Production Regulations Petroleum Development Road Regulations Surface Lease Regulations Pipeline Act Pipeline Regulations Transport of Dangerous Goods Act Transport of Dangerous Goods Regulation Workers' Compensation Act and Regulations Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Parts 1 – 33 Occupational First Aid Regulation WHMIS and First Aid Applicability Regulation

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Manitoba

The Dangerous Goods Handling and Transportation Act The Labour Relations Act The Public Health Act Industrial and Construction Camps Regulation Rags and Other Materials Regulation The Workplace Safety Health Act Construction Industry Safety Regulations Derrick, Crane and Other Hoisting Equipment Regulation Fibrosis and Silicosis Regulations First Aid Regulation Hearing Conservation and Noise Control Regulation Sanitary and Hygienic Welfare Regulation Workers Working Alone Regulation Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System Regulation Workplace Health Hazard Regulation Workplace Safety and Health Committee Regulation Workplace Safety and Health Forms Regulation Workplace Safety Regulation Workers' Compensation Act and Regulations

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Saskatchewan

Dangerous Goods Transportation Act Electrical Inspection Act Canadian Electrical Code (Adoption) Regulations Canadian Electrical Code (Saskatchewan Amendments) Regulations Electrical Permit, Inspections and Licensing Fees Regulations Fire Prevention Act, 1992 Occupational Health and Safety Act , 1993 Occupational Health and Safety Regulations Public Health Act Radiation Health and Safety Act, 1985 General Regulations Workers' Compensation Act and Regulations

Yukon Workers’ Compensation Health and Safety Board

Occupational Health and Safety Handbook General Safety Regulations

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Federal

Acts

Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act (COGOA) Canada Labour Code, Part II (CLC) Canada Shipping Act Explosives Act Hazardous Products Act National Energy Board Act (NEBA) Radiation Emitting Devices Act Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act

Codes

Canada Labour Code Part II

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Regulations

Canada Oil and Gas Certificate of Fitness Regulations (COGOA) Canada Oil and Gas Drilling Regulations (COGOA) Canada Oil and Gas Diving Regulations (COGOA) Canada Oil and Gas Geophysical Regulations (COGOA) Canada Oil and Gas Installation Regulations (COGOA) Canada Oil and Gas Production and Conservation Regulations (COGOA) Oil and Gas Occupational Safety and Health Regulation (CLC) (Canada Labour Code, Part II) Oil and Gas Spills and Debris Liability Regulations (COGOA) Onshore Pipeline Regulations (NEBA) Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations (TDG)

Other

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)

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Appendix “B”

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Sources for Legislation For Information on Federal Legislation, Contact: Department of Supply and Services Canadian Government Publishing Center Hull, PQ K1A 0S9 (819) 997-2560 or 5362

Federal

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Provincial

To obtain companies of provincial legislation, contact the appropriate outlets listed below: Alberta Queen's Printer Bookstore 10611 - 98th Avenue Main Floor, Park Plaza Edmonton, Alberta T5K 2P7 (780) 427-4952 British Columbia Crown Publications Inc. 521 Fort Street Victoria, BC V8W 1E7 (250) 386-4636 Manitoba Government of Manitoba Statutory Publications Basement, 200 Vaughn Street Winnipeg, MB R3C 1T8 (204) 945-3101 Saskatchewan Queen's Printer 1st Floor, 1871 Smith Street Regina, SK S4S 6X6 (306) 787-6894 Yukon Workers’ Compensation Health and Safety Board 401 Strickland Street Whitehorse, Yukon, Y1A 5N8 (867) 667-5450

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Appendix “C” – Program Content Reference
The following information is provided as reference material for developing content for Basic Safety Awareness Training.

1.0
Occupational Health and Safety Regulations

Regulations

Employer Responsibilities Explain employer’s responsibilities under occupational health and safety legislation. Explain working alone implications for employers. Worker Responsibilities Explain worker’s responsibilities under occupational health and safety legislation. Explain worker’s right to refuse unsafe work. Explain working alone implications for employees.

Workers’ Compensation Legislation

Explain responsibility of workers to report all work related injuries and illnesses. Explain workers’ rights to compensation in the event of absence from work due to work related injuries and illnesses. Explain modified / light duties and return to work programs.

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WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System)

The following is intended to provide a guideline for WHMIS awareness training. An employer must train workers on the safe handling of chemicals specific to the worksite in addition to the general WHMIS training. Describe intent of the system as Canada’s hazard communication standard in compliance with the Hazardous Products Act (HPA) and associated Controlled Products Regulations (CPR). Describe obligation of employers to ensure that controlled products used, stored, handled or disposed of in the workplace are properly labeled, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are made available to workers and workers receive education and training on the use of the system. Explain balance of workers’ “right to know” with industry’s right to protect confidential business information. Describe three key elements of the system: A. Labels on hazardous materials and their containers which alert employers and workers to the dangers of products and basic safety precautions; B. Material Safety Data Sheets [MSDS] technical bulletins which provide detailed hazard and precautionary information on the products, providing supplementary data to the label, and C. Worker education programs which provide instruction on hazards and additional training in safe work procedures.

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A. Labels

Describe Two Types Of Labels: Supplier Label: Distinctive "hatch mark" border, letters, numbers which contrast distinctly from any other markings on the containers. Includes seven categories of information: Product Identifier: product name or number which will be identical to the product identifier on the MSDS. Supplier Identifier: this will include the supplier, manufacturer or importer's name and the location of the principal place of business. Reference to MSDS: will appear on the WHMIS label when an MSDS is required. WHMIS Hazard Symbols: meet the regulatory specifications with a distinctive circular border, and must be displayed in a colour that will not be confused with TDG safety marks, such as the orange explosive symbol found in TDG regulations. Prohibited colours are contained in the WHMIS Regulations. Often these are black and white only. Risk Phrases: clearly indicates the risks involved when using the product. Precautionary Measures: safe handling, use and storage information for the product. First Aid Measures: clear description of the immediate steps to be taken in the event of harmful contact with the product.

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Workplace Label: Provides the following information: The product identifier. Safe handling information. Reference to the fact that a material safety data sheet [MSDS] is available. Used for the following purposes: Storage containers of controlled products produced on-site. Storage containers intended to receive bulk shipments (unless the supplier provides a label). Portable containers into which product has been transferred by a worker where the container will be used by other workers or for longer than a work shift. Refer to Figure 1 for examples of labels.

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Figure 1 - WHMIS Labels

Source: Health Canada Website - Supplier’s Label

Workplace Label Acetone Extremely Flammable Keep away from all sources of ignition Wear butyl rubber gloves and chemical splash goggles See MSDS

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B. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Describe an MSDS as a technical bulletin which provides detailed hazard, precautionary and emergency information on the controlled product. Describe sixteen sections of MSDS. Product information: product identifier (name), manufacturer and suppliers names, addresses, and emergency phone numbers. Hazardous Ingredients. Physical Data. Fire or Explosion Data. Reactivity Data: information on the chemical instability of a product and the substances it may react with. Toxicological Properties: health effects. Preventative Measures. First Aid Measure. Preparation Information: who is responsible for preparation and date of preparation of MSDS. Refer to Figure 2 for an example of an MSDS Sheet.

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Figure 2 - Sample MSDS Sheet

MSDS Sheet Sodium Hypochlorite

ABC CHEMICAL COMPANY 123 ANY STREET ANYTOWN, ANY PROVINCE, CANADA T2T 2T2 PHONE: (111) 222-333 EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBER: (444) 555-666

Product Information Hazardous Ingredients

Product Name: 5.25% Bleach Chemical Name: Sodium Hypochlorite Product Use: Bleaching Agent And Disinfectant ACGIH Hazardous Ingredient: Sodium Hypochlorite %: 5.25 TLV: 0.5 ppm CAS No.: 7681-52-9

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Fire or Explosion Data

Flammability: No Flash Point: Not applicable Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable Fire Extinguishing Media: Use appropriate media for surrounding fire

Reactivity Data

Stability: Unstable above 40 Deg C, or in contact with metals or sunlight Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur Materials To Avoid: Acids, ammonia, oxidizable materials, urea, most metals hazardous decomposition or combustion Products: Chlorine gas when in contact acids

Toxicological Properties

Route Of Entry: Skin contact, eye contact, inhalation and ingestion Toxicological Data: Not available Irritancy Of Material: Corrosive and irritant, risk of severe damages when eye contact Effect Of Acute Exposure: May cause discomfort, irritation, chemical burns

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Preventative Measures

Respiratory Protection: Not necessary if area is well ventilated Skin Protection: Rubber gloves are recommended Eye Protection: Safety glasses are recommended Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation Storage Temperature (deg C): Between 0 deg C and 29 deg C, away from sunlight, handling procedures and equipment: Protect containers from damages. Avoid splashing.

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move victim to fresh air. Obtain medical attention if necessary Skin Contact: Flush area with water for 15 minutes. Obtain medical attention if necessary Eye Contact: Flush eye with running water for at least 15 minutes. Obtain medical attention immediately Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Give 1/2 to 1 glass of water. Do not induce vomiting. Obtain medical attention.

Preparation Information

Prepared by: John Doe ABC Chemical Company 2001-01-01

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C. Worker Education

Explain education is a two-part system. Workers will receive instruction in general information such as how WHMIS works and the hazards of controlled products. Workers will also receive education on site specific chemicals and emergency procedures. Describe six classes of hazardous materials and division of some classes to separate different groups of hazardous materials within a class. Class A - Compressed gas Class B - Flammable and Combustible Material Class C - Oxidizing material Class D - Poisonous and Infectious Material Division 1: Materials Causing Immediate and Serious Toxic Effects Division 2: Materials causing other toxic effects Division 3: Biohazardous infectious material Class E - Corrosive material Class F - Dangerously reactive material Refer to Figure 3 for pictures of symbols

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Figure 3 - WHMIS Symbols

Class A: Compressed Gas This class includes compressed gases, dissolved gases and gases liquefied by compression or refrigeration. Examples: gas cylinders for oxyacetylene welding or water disinfection. Class B: Flammable and Combustible Material Solids, liquids and gases capable of catching fire or exploding in the presence of a source of ignition. Examples: white phosphorus, acetone and butane. Flammable liquids such as acetone are more easily ignited than combustible liquids such as kerosene. Class C: Oxidizing Material Materials which provide oxygen or similar substances and which increase the risk of fire if they come into contact with flammable or combustible materials. Examples: sodium hypochlorite, perchloric acid, inorganic peroxides. Class D: Poisonous & Infectious Materials Class D, Division 1 Materials causing immediate and serious toxic effects. This division covers materials which can cause the death of a person exposed to small amounts. Examples: sodium cyanide, hydrogen sulphide.

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Class D, Division 2 Materials causing other toxic effects. This division covers materials which cause immediate eye or skin irritation as well as those which can cause long-term effects in a person repeatedly exposed to small amounts. Examples: acetone (irritant), asbestos (carcinogen), toluene diisocyanate (senzitizer). Class D, Division 3 Biohazardous infectious material. This division applies to materials which contain harmful microorganisms. Examples: cultures or diagnostic specimens containing salmonella bacteria or the hepatitis B virus. Class E: Corrosive Material Acid or caustic materials which can destroy the skin or eat through metals. Examples: muriatic acid, lye.

Class F: Dangerously Reactive Material Products which can undergo dangerous reaction if subjected to heat, pressure, shock or allowed to contact water. Examples: plastic monomers such as butadiene and some cyanides.
The overall goal is to give the workers knowledge and information which they can understand and apply to protect their health and safety every day. However, it is not enough, for example, for a worker to know that the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) suggests a particular type of respirator for protection against a certain product. The worker must know where to get the respirator, locations in the plant where its use is mandatory, how to test it for fit, and where necessary, how to maintain and store it. A successful program gives the worker the ability to use safe procedures with a controlled product and the understanding of why such procedures are necessary.

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D. TDG (Transportation of Dangerous Goods)

Anyone involved in the transport of dangerous goods must either be TDG certified, or be closely supervised by someone who is. If such work becomes a frequent part of the job, full training and TDG certification must be provided. The following information is intended to provide a guideline for providing TDG awareness. Describe the intent of program is governed by the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and is designed to protect the public, the environment and property from hazardous goods that are being transported. Describe the scope of the legislation which not only applies to anyone transporting these goods but to everyone who is required to handle these materials including; packers, shippers, receivers and warehouse workers. Explain that anyone involved in the transport of dangerous goods must either be TDG certified or be closely supervised by someone who is. Describe the nine classes: Class 1 – Explosives Class 2 – Gases Class 3 – Flammable Liquids Class 4 – Flammable Solids Class 5 – Oxidizers Substances and Organic Peroxides Class 6 - Toxic Substances and Infections Substances Class 7 – Radioactive Materials Class 8- Corrosive Class 9 – Miscellaneous Products, Substances or Organisms Refer to Figure 4 for examples of TDG symbols

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Figure 4 - Transportation of Dangerous Goods Symbols Class 1 - Explosives 1.1 - A substance or article with a mass explosion hazard. 1.2 - A substance or article with a fragment projection hazard, but not a mass explosion hazard. 1.3 - A substance or article which has a fire hazard along with either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard. 1.4 - A substance or article which presents no significant hazard; explosion effects are largely confined to the package and no projection or fragments of appreciable size or range are to be expected.

1.5 - A very insensitive substance which nevertheless has a mass explosion hazard like those substances in 1.1.

1.6 - An extremely insensitive substance which does not have a mass explosion hazard. Commonly used in mining and construction operations (example: blasting agents).

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Class 2 – Gases 2.1 - Flammable Gas. Commonly used as fuel (example: propane).

2.2 - Non-Flammable, Non-Toxic Gas. Commonly used in food refrigeration (example: nitrogen).

2.3 - Toxic Gas. Commonly used in pulp bleaching (example: sulphur dioxide).

2.2 (5.1) - Oxygen and oxidizing gases.

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Class 3 -Flammable Liquids A liquid which has a closed-cup flash point not greater than 60.5oC. Commonly used as fuel (example: gasoline, ethanol, fuel oil (diesel)).

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Class 4 - Flammable Solids Substances liable to spontaneous combustion; Substances that on contact with water emit flammable gases (water-reactive substances). 4.1 - A solid that under normal conditions of transport is readily combustible, or would cause or contribute to fire through friction or from heat retained from manufacturing or processing, or is a self-reactive substance that is liable to undergo a strongly exothermic reaction, or is a desensitized explosive that is liable to explode if they are not diluted sufficiently to suppress their explosive properties. Commonly used in lacquers (example: nitrocellulose). 4.2 - A substance liable to spontaneous combustion, under normal conditions of transport, or when in contact with air, liable to spontaneous heating to the point where it ignites. Commonly used in rocket fuel (example: diethylzinc).

4.3 - A substance that, on contact with water, emits dangerous quantities of flammable gases or becomes spontaneously combustible on contact with water or water vapour. Commonly used in heat exchangers (valves) (example: sodium).

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Class 5 - Oxidizing Substances and Organic 5.1 - A substance which causes or contributes to the combustion of other material by yielding oxygen or other oxidizing substances whether or not the substance itself is combustible. Commonly used in fertilizers (example: ammonium nitrate). 5.2 -An organic compound that contains the bivalent "-O-O-" structure which is a strong oxidizing agent and may be liable to explosive decomposition, be sensitive to heat, shock or friction, react dangerously with other dangerous goods or may cause damage to the eyes. Commonly used in automobile body shops as body filler (example: dibenzoyl peroxide).

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Class 6 -Toxic Substances and Infectious Substances 6.1 - A solid or liquid that is toxic through inhalation, by skin contact or by ingestion. Commonly used as a germicide or general disinfectant (example: phenol).

6.2 - Micro-organisms that are infectious or that are reasonably believed to be infectious to humans or animals. Commonly used in disease research (example: rabies).

Label

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7.0 - Radioactive materials Within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act with activity greater than 70 kBq/ kg. Commonly used in nuclear fuel rods (example: radioactive material - LSA (yellow cake)). There are three categories which indicate the surface radiation level for a package with Category I being the lowest level and Category III the highest. Class 7: Radioactive I

Class 7: Radioactive II

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Class 7: Radioactive III

Class 8 – Corrosives A substance that causes destruction of skin or corrodes steel or non-clad aluminum. Commonly used in batteries and industrial cleaners (example: sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide).

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Class 9 - Miscellaneous Products, Substances or Organisms A substance that does not meet the criteria for inclusion in Classes 1 to 8. This includes genetically modified microorganisms, marine pollutants, elevated temperature materials and environmentally hazardous substances. Commonly used in brake shoes (example: asbestos), in dry cell batteries (example: ammonium chloride). Fumigation Sign

Elevated Temperature Sign

Mixed Load Shipment

Orange Panel

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Marine Pollutant Mark

Small Means of Containment

or

Large Means of Containment

or

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In case of emergency Call Collect 24 hours (613) 996-6666 CANUTEC

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2.0

Hazard Management

A hazard can be defined as physical situation with a potential for injury, damage to property or damage to the environment. While a worksite may contain hundred of hazards, the risk of injury or loss can be managed by identifying the hazard, assessing the risk and implementing effective control measures, such as using equipment guarding, safe work procedures, wearing of personal protective equipment, etc.

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2.1 Hazard Identification

Identify Common Sources Of Hazards: Workplace activities Tools and equipment Workplace materials Atmospheric conditions Human error and Inattention Identify Types Of Hazards: Physical Hazards: contact hazards that can cause injury such as cuts, burns, abrasions, etc. Chemical Hazards: fumes, gases, aerosols, corrosives, alkalis, chemicals, solvents, sprays, heavy metals, poisons, and pesticides, etc. Environmental Hazards: hazards such as noise, heat, cold, etc. Biological Hazards: hazards that can cause illness, such as hantavirus, allergies, etc. Psycho-social Hazards: stress, fatigue, boredom, long term effects of shift work, etc. Ergonomic Hazards: cramped workspaces, improperly adjusted equipment, repetitive tasks, etc.

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Identify Common Sources Of Injury: Slips, trips and falls. Contact with objects and equipment: struck by, struck against, caught in. Exposure to harmful substances: chemicals, dusts, fumes, mists. Fires and explosions. Exertion: overexertion, repetitive motion. Methods Of Identification: Worker awareness. Workplace inspections. Safety audits.

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2.2 Hazard Assessment

Describe How To Assess A Hazard - Determination Of The Following: Potential exposure of worker to hazard. Whether the potential for exposure is related to the type of work being performed. Potential extent and range of the exposure. Whether adequate controls are in place and what they are.

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2.3 Hazard Control

Describe The Three Types Of Control Measures And Give Examples Of Each:
1.

Engineered controls – equipment guards, ventilation systems, substitution of less toxic chemicals, etc. Administrative controls – safe work procedures, safety training, shift schedule design, etc. Personal Protective Equipment – respirators, hard hats, safety goggles, fire retardant workwear, etc.

2.

3.

Refer to Figure 5 for a worker’s checklist for hazard management.

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Figure 5 - Health, Safety and Environment Checklist I know my responsibilities under the Occupational Health and Safety Act and General Safety Regulations. I have attended the toolbox safety meeting this morning. I know if I require a work permit before starting work. I have reviewed the work permit that I am working under and understand its content. I have discussed the work to be done with my supervisor. I am wearing the appropriate clothing and I have the necessary Personal Protective Equipment to do the work safety. I have checked this clothing and equipment to ensure it will protect me if I need it. I have the necessary tools and associated equipment to do the job. I have checked these tools and equipment to ensure that they are safe to use. I have identified the risks associated with their use and the activity I am about to perform. I have checked to see what other people and equipment are working around me and have communicated with them. I have checked my work area to identify any unsafe conditions. I will correct any unsafe conditions. Those that I personally cannot correct, I will ensure my supervisor is notified because I will not work under unsafe conditions.

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I have specifically checked for tripping/slipping hazards in my work area. I know what to do in the event of an emergency. I know what to do if I sustain an injury. I know I must keep my work area clean and dispose of debris as required throughout the day. I know that I must separate metal waste from general garbage. The material I am handling is neatly stacked and out of the way. I know that if I am required to use scaffolding for my work I must check to ensure that the scaffold is tagged. I will not use a scaffold that is not tagged. I know that the scaffold tag must be signed by a qualified scaffold builder as being safe. I know that extension cords and hoses that I may be using are in good, safe condition. I will ensure that they are not strung or laid in walkways. I have read the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the product I am using and have the right Personal Protective Equipment for the work. I also know what labels must be affixed on the container and how to dispose of any leftover product safely. I know how to report chemical spills.

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3.0 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Respiratory Protection
3.1 General Explain Personal Protective Equipment: PPE and safety equipment are to be worn where danger of personal injury exists. PPE DOES NOT eliminate the hazard - its purpose is to reduce the consequences of worker exposure to worksite hazards. PPE may need to be selected based upon legislative requirements and/or existing standards such as CSA, CGSB, ANSI, etc. Employers need to examine the applicable standards, and if the hazards match the situation, apply the PPE standard. Describe the basic types of PPE: Head protection – hard hats. Note: Rock climbing helmets are not acceptable for industrial use. Eye and face protection – safety glasses, goggles, face shields. Ear protection – ear plugs, muffs. Respiratory protection – dust masks, respirators. Torso protection – aprons, coveralls. Arm and hand protection – gloves. Foot and leg protection – safety toed boots and shoes, coveralls. Note: Steel-toed boots are not always appropriate. Explain the need to consult the employer for specific requirements. Table 6 illustrates a variety of personal protective and safety equipment and when each piece should be used. (Source: IRP 9 - Basic Safety Program).

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Explain when specialized PPE may be required: Examples could include chemical handling, welding, use of chain saws, use of all terrain vehicles, working on or near rivers, etc. Emphasize proper training - before doing work requiring use of personal protective equipment, employees must be trained to know when personal protective equipment is necessary; what type is necessary: how it is to be worn. Proper training must also include information on the limitations of the PPE, as well as the proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of the PPE. Emphasize that PPE is only effective if it is being worn.

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Table 6 - Personal Protective Equipment

Burning goggles: Oxy-Acetylene welding, burning or cutting. Chainsaw pants: Working with chain saws, rated to speed rating as required in provincial / federal regulations. Chemical goggles: Handling hazardous chemicals which may splash or leak. Chemical suits and/or aprons: Mixing corrosive chemicals. Cold weather clothing: Working in extreme conditions. Dust masks: Working around heavy concentrations of dust and other airborne particles. Face shields: Handling corrosive chemicals, inspecting fire boxes, working on pressurized equipment, using high-pressure water, arc welding or performing any operation that may put the face at risk from flying objects, extreme temperatures, splashed acid or caustic substances. Note: Face shields for chainsaw activity are made of mesh and prevent debris from injuring the face and eyes. Fire retardant clothing: Working in areas with potential for explosion or flash fire as defined by occupational health and safety regulations. Gloves: Handling sharp objects, chemicals, hot or cold objects, ropes or chains. Hard hats: Where at risk of falling objects. Side-impact rated hard hats may be required based on tasks and environment. Hearing protection: Working at sites with noise levels greater than legislated limits for unprotected exposure.

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High visibility safety vests: Working with traffic or around mobile equipment. Ground crews working at remote or outdoor sites. i.e. seismic. Hoods: Sandblasting, handling caustic acid or shutting off ruptured caustic or acid lines. Safety goggle: Welding, cuffing, drilling, grinding or perform any operation with potential exposure to chemical splash or leak, flying objects, or excessive heat or light. Safety helmets must be worn: When riding all-terrain vehicles or snowmobiles. Most jurisdictions now enforce this requirement with legislation. Safety-toed footwear: Where feet are at risk from falling objects or other hazards at field sites. Note: For chainsaw operations, CSA approved cutting boots are required to protect feet from cutting by the chainsaw blade.

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Safety equipment: Oxygen and other monitors: Working in confined spaces or in areas with potential for explosion or flash fire. Gas monitors are often used where sour oil and gas are contained in wells/equipment. Personal flotation device: Working over or on water, or near water's edge. Respiratory protective equipment: Potential for exposure to oxygen deficiency or toxic gases exceeding regulated exposure limits. Safety Belts, Lanyards and Lifelines: Working from swinging scaffolds, boatswain's chairs, suspended and lifelines cages or at heights specified by occupational health and safety regulations.

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3.2 Confined Space

Describe Confined Spaces:
A confined space is an area that is large enough to bodily enter into and perform assigned work, has limited access and is not intended for continuous employee occupancy. Confined spaces are characterized by poor ventilation and have a great potential for hazardous atmospheres. Confined spaces also restrict rescue. Examples of confined spaces include boilers, fuel tanks, pipelines, pipe chases, pumping stations, process vessels, septic tanks, sewage digesters, silos, manholes, utility vaults, vats, pits or similar enclosures. The hazards encountered and associated with entering and working in these spaces are capable of causing physical injury, illness and death. Confined space hazards can be divided into three major categories:
1. 2. 3.

Chemical: oxygen deficiency, explosive atmospheres or toxic atmospheres. Physical: temperature extremes, high noise levels, engulfment, radioactivity, electrocution, falling objects, and slick, wet surfaces. Biological: infectious agents, stray animals, insects or certain plants.

Entry into confined spaces requires appropriate safe work procedures. Employers are required to have a code of practice developed for this purpose. Proper procedures, including the wearing of appropriate respiratory protection are required. Discuss oxygen deficient atmospheres - some gases will displace the oxygen in a confined space and cause an asphyxiation hazard. If the atmosphere contains or may contain oxygen at less than 18 kilopascals partial pressure there exists an oxygen deficiency. Discuss explosive environments – when some hydrocarbons reach a certain concentration in the air they create the danger of becoming explosive by ignition. These types of gases will have Lower Explosive Limits (LEL) and Upper Explosive Limits (UEL). Gas detection equipment should be used to monitor the concentration of the gas.

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3.3 Respiratory Protection

Gases, Fumes, Dusts and Mists: Gases, fumes, dusts and mists may present health and safety hazards because many are highly toxic or carcinogenic and they may also create explosive or oxygen-deficient environments. Some of the most common hazardous gases, fumes dusts and mists encountered in oil and gas operations are: Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Sulfur Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Hydrocarbons – methane, ethane, propane, butane Iron Sulphides Ammonia Asbestos Silica Other mineral dusts Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) Reference: Canadian Association of Geophysical Contractors (CAGC) Recommended Practice – “Dust Suppression On Seismic Drilling Rigs.”

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Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S): H2S is a colorless, flammable gas found throughout western Canada. It is characterized as having an offensive odour and a sweetish taste. It is highly toxic and heavier than air, which allows it to accumulate in the bottoms of ditches, pits, etc. While having the characteristic odour of rotten eggs, this can only be detected by smell at low concentrations because the gas quickly weakens the sense of smell. The following toxicity table indicates the risks of H2S. 1 ppm: Can be smelled. 10 ppm: Occupational Exposure Limit allowable for 8 hours work. 20 ppm: Workers must wear breathing apparatus (British Columbia 10 ppm). 100 ppm: Lose sense of smell in 2 to 15 minutes. May cause headache and nausea. 200 ppm: Kills sense of smell. Burn eyes and throat. 500 ppm: Loss of reasoning and balance. Respiratory disturbances in 2 to 15 minutes. Prompt artificial respiration is required. 700 ppm: Immediate unconsciousness. Death will result if not rescued promptly. 1000 ppm: Death or brain damage may result if not rescued promptly. Ppm – parts of gas per million / parts of air by volume 1% = 10,000 ppm.

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Discuss the H2S Alive program: Workers required to work in H2S environments must have completed training on recognizing the hazards of H2S gas, the use of SCBA and SABA and rescue techniques. Iron Sulphide: Iron sulphide is produced by the corrosive action of hydrogen sulphide on the iron and steel of production equipment and tanks. It is black or dark brown material bound in a grainy, lumpy, more or less powder form. If it is dry, iron sulphide will ignite spontaneously if exposed to air. Danger exists during cleaning of the interiors of tanks or vessels where quantities of iron sulphide are allowed to dry. NORM: Raw hydrocarbon streams may contain significant amounts of naturally occurring radioactive materials known as NORM, which is considered a carcinogen. Asbestos: Without proper protection, asbestos fibres can easily be inhaled into the lungs and cause significant respiratory problems. Asbestos fibres are considered carcinogenic. Any work involving the handling of asbestos must be done in accordance with jurisdictional legislation.

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Silica: Silica dust, commonly associated with sandblasting operations, is considered carcinogenic and appropriate respiratory protection must be worn. Personal Monitors: Explain the different types of gas detection monitors and describe their use. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) and Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus (SABA) Explain that choosing a respirator is a complicated matter. Experienced safety professionals or occupational hygienists, who are familiar with the actual workplace environment, are the staff who should select the proper respirator. They can choose a suitable respirator only after they have evaluated all relevant factors. This includes considering the limitations of each class of respirator. Before the proper respirator can be selected for a job, the following must be completed: Identified the respiratory hazard Evaluated the hazard. Considered whether engineering controls are feasible to eliminate / limit the hazard.

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Discuss the difference between Air Purifying Respirators and Supplied Air Respirators (SCBA and SABA). The two main types are air-purifying respirators (APRs) and supplied-air respirators (SARs).
1.

Air-purifying respirators can remove contaminants in the air that is breathed by filtering out particulates (e.g., dusts, metal fumes, mists, etc.). Other APRs purify air by adsorbing gases or vapours on a sorbent (adsorbing material) in a cartridge or canister. Supplied-air respirators (SARs) supply clean air from a compressed air tank or through an air line. This air is not from the work environment area. The air supplied in tanks or from compressors must meet certain standards for purity and moisture content. This category of respirators includes the SCBA and SABA respirators.

2.

Respiratory Protection Programs: Discuss respiratory protection programs. Where the use of respiratory protection equipment is required, a respiratory protection program must be in place to address training, fit testing, and care and maintenance of the equipment.

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4.0
4.1 Safe Work Procedures

Safe Work Practices – General

Explain Safe Work Procedures: Step by step instructions for doing work the safest way, identifying materials, tools and equipment, including PPE. Usually contain emergency procedures Required for high-risk jobs

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4.2 Permitting Systems

Describe the different types of work permits that may be required by a site to ensure safety precautions are taken when certain types of potentially hazardous work are undertaken. Some of the most common are noted below. Workers should check with site supervision to determine if a work permit is required. Hot Work Permit – permits work involving open flames, sparks or other sources of ignition which could create a fire or explosion hazard in a hydrocarbon atmosphere. Cold Work Permit. Maintenance Work Permit – permits maintenance work. Vessel Entry Permit – permits entering any vessel which may pose the hazard of toxic or flammable vapours, oxygen deficient atmospheres or corrosive or irritating chemicals. Confined Space Permit – permits entry into spaces with restricted access or egress, such as fuel tanks, pipelines, pumping stations, process vessels, septic tanks, sewage digesters, manholes, vats, pits, etc. Vehicle Entry Permit – permits vehicle entry into an area where hydrocarbon vapours, or other flammable or explosive vapours, may be present. Excavation Permit – permits excavation. Explain that work permitting systems should be explained during a site orientation to familiarize the worker with company specific permitting requirements.

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4.3 Lock-out and Tag-out Systems

Explain that if mechanical or electrical equipment requires servicing or repair, the equipment must be de-energized, locked out and tagged to render it inoperable. This also applies to any equipment that is in the area of the equipment being serviced that would pose a hazard if it accidentally became energized, e.g. agitators must be de-energized before entering a mud tank. Workers are responsible to remove their locks when it is safe to do so – no one is permitted to remove another person’s lock.

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4.4 Equipment Isolation

Explain that all harmful substances must be removed before any repair or modification work is begun on equipment, pipes or pipelines and that a blind flange must be installed. The blind flange must be of sufficient rating according to engineering specifications to withstand the highest possible pressure that may result. Any unit in which a blind flange has been installed must be clearly marked as containing the device. Written procedures must be available that instruct the worker on the purging method and medium to be used, the use of a “blind list” to ensure placement and removal of the blinds (where suitable) and step-by-step instructions on performing the job.

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4.5 Fire Prevention and Fire Extinguishers

Precautions to Prevent Fires: Discuss precautions to prevent fires. The following is a list of some guidelines that can be presented. Gasoline, volatile solvents or any other flammable substances must be stored in containers that are clearly labeled, approved for their contents and located in a safe place away from any source of open flame. Quantities of these chemicals in excess of that needed for one day’s operation must be stored in a proper storage facility, isolated from the actual work areas. Flammable liquid containers must be electrically bonded when liquids are being transferred from one to another. Any portable container which is being used, or has been used, for storage of a flammable agent must never be left exposed to the direct rays of the sun. The fuel tanks of gasoline engines must be filled away from work areas and only when the engines are turned off. Approved safety cans and proper grounding techniques must be used when the tank is not filled directly from the storage container or other source of supply. Access to all exits, fire and safety equipment must be kept clear of obstructions at all times.

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Fire Extinguishers: Describe The Four Classes Of Fire Extinguishers: Class A - ordinary combustibles, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber. Class B - flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, solvents, oil-based paints. Class C - energized electrical equipment, such as wiring, fuse boxes, appliances. Class D - combustible metals, such as magnesium. Fire extinguishers can be multipurpose (ABC).

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The P A S S System: Can be a helpful reminder of the correct steps to follow when attempting to extinguish a fire: Pull the pin. Aim low; point at the base of the fire. Squeeze the handle. Sweep from side to side keeping the extinguisher aimed at the base of the fire. All fire extinguishers must be fully recharged and serviced after use and at periodic intervals. They must be tagged to verify that they are ready for service. Explain limitations of trying to eliminate a fire with a portable fire extinguisher: Using a fire extinguisher on a small fire, containing it until the Fire Department arrives, can save lives and/or property. Portable fire extinguishers are not designed to fight large or spreading fires. Fire extinguishers are useful under certain conditions and extreme care should be taken when attempting to extinguish any fire.

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4.6 Scaffolding

Discuss regulations - Scaffolding must be erected by a competent person: Discuss tags Green - No restrictions Yellow - Caution Red - Do not use Each jurisdiction may have specific inspection and documentation requirements.

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4.7 Excavation and Trenching

Discuss regulations, including shoring and piling: Explain hazards of working in a trench. Can collapse – do not enter Slope/sharing requirements Falling objects Depth/width consideration for risk Hazardous gases

4.8 Working at Heights

Discuss working at height legislation: Discuss Fall Protection and Fall Arrest Equipment:

4.9 Welding and Cutting

Discuss safety watch procedures: Discuss hazards of welding and appropriate PPE: Ultraviolet radiation Fire explosion Exposure to toxic gases/fumes/dusts

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4.10 Driving

Discuss journey management: The need to take the journey at this time. Pre-plan the route taking into consideration road and weather conditions; for long trips consider availability of services, e.g. where gas is available, hours of operation of service and credit card/debit card restrictions. Ensure adequate time for the trip; rushing promotes risky driving behaviours. If possible, plan to travel during daylight hours; be aware of wildlife issues if traveling during dusk or dawn, in rutting seasons or through wooded areas. Be aware of fatigue issues – never travel when fatigued; on long trips ensure rest stops are taken as needed; try to avoid travel during natural drowsy times, such as midnight to 6 a.m. and after lunch. Check vehicle systems before leaving – steering, tires (including inflation level), brakes, lights, windshield wipers and horn; also check fuel and other system levels (washer fluid, oil, etc.).

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Be prepared for roadside emergencies – carry the following emergency equipment: First aid kit Fire extinguisher Warning flares/triangles Tow straps Flashlight and batteries Cold Weather Emergency Supplies: Blankets Source of heat (candle, matches) Non-perishable food Shovel Sand, salt Let someone know when you are leaving and when you plan to arrive; check-in with this person when you arrive.

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Discuss safe driving behaviours: Observe all speed limits; lower speed in accordance with road conditions. Carry tire chains, know how to put them on correctly and how to maintain and store them. Complete a walk around circle check of a vehicle before getting in the vehicle. Buckle up. Keep your eyes moving – scan as far ahead as possible and from ditch to ditch; pay attention to what other drivers are doing as well as to road and weather conditions. Drive at speeds appropriate to road and weather conditions. Discuss safety procedures for vehicle breakdowns: Signal, slow down and move off the road. Turn on hazard warning lights. If the vehicle cannot be moved off the road, raise the hood. Set out flares or warning triangles. 4.11 Other Industry Recognized Practices Discuss Industry Recommended Practices (IRPs), Enform Guides to Safe Work and Safety Alerts. Available at no charge at www.enform.ca. Discuss other recognized practices / procedures available from industry groups: i.e. CAODC, CAPP, CAGC, etc.

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5.0
5.1 Vehicles

Common Workplace Hazards

Discuss the hazard of vehicles on site: Must be parked in safe areas away from work being conducted and in a spot that allows for quick exit in the case of an emergency. Any vehicle with restricted vision is not to be moved in the vicinity of other workers except under the direction of a designated guide; this person must be in a position to see if the path to be traveled is “all clear”. Refer to Industry Recommended Practice, Volume 12, Hand Signals for Directing Vehicles.

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5.2 Lifting

Describe proper lifting techniques: A model is listed below: Plan the lift before attempting. Never lift anything too heavy – use a mechanical lift or get help. Consider grip – would gloves or ungloved hands provide the best grip? Do a few stretches to limber up. Set position of feet close to object. This allows for better balance and keeps the center of gravity above the feet and muscles in the legs. Bend the knees, not the back. Do not bend back when squatting – try to keep the natural curve of the back. Key is to not stoop or crouch over the load. Keep shoulders back and butt out. Natural curve of back will be maintained by keeping the head up. Use legs for powering the lift, keeping object as close as to the body as possible, around waist level. Never turn until the lift is complete. Only feet should move. The best way to carry a heavy object is to grasp it with hands underneath, waist high and up against the body.

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5.3 Tools

Discuss principles for safe use of tools: Select the proper tool for the task. Inspect tools and equipment before use; if a tool is damaged or appears to be defective, do not use it. Tag it and report the deficiency. Also inspect tools after use for any change. Only use the tool for the purpose intended and be aware of any safe working practices. Ensure that tools and equipment are properly maintained. Ensure tools and equipment are properly stored. Workers should never use tools or equipment they are not qualified or properly trained to use. Be aware that some tools or equipment require certification to be able to use. Use appropriate PPE for the hazards of the tools and tasks. Do not carry sharp or pointed tools in a pocket. If there is a possibility of a flammable or explosive environment, use only intrinsically safe tools/lighting.

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Discuss hazards of power tools: Power tools should be operated in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications. Check for defective cords and have them replaced. When using an extension cord, use one long length rather than several short lengths attached together. Shut off power to tools any time they are left. In the case of pneumatic tools, release the air pressure from the air line before leaving them. Power must be disconnected from the tool and any pressure discharged before any adjustments are made. Defective tools must not be used. All guards should be properly fitted and in good condition at all times. Power supply should be properly grounded with threepronged plugs or double-insulation. Electrical tools operating at greater than 32 Volts should only be used in damp or wet locations if protected by a ground-fault circuit interrupter. Use insulating platforms and wear rubber gloves. If there is a possibility of a flammable or explosive environment, use only intrinsically safe tools.

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5.4 Ladders

Discuss safe use of ladders: Ladders should be secured. Use appropriate angles - the base should be positioned away from the top bearing point by one quarter of its vertical length. When using an extension ladder, it should never be fully extended - there should always be at least three rungs of overlap between sections The top of the ladder must extend one metre past the top point of contact that allows workers to climb on and off safely. When working around electrical equipment, choose an unpainted wooden or fibreglass ladder. Maintain three points of contact while on the ladder - have another worker hand up tools and equipment.

5.5 Compressed Air

Discuss safe work practices: Compressed air should NEVER be used for cleaning workers or their clothing. Air hoses should be properly secured to prevent accidental disconnection.

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5.6 Compressed Gas Cylinders

Discuss proper storage of cylinders: Storage areas should be located away from general traffic paths and not adjacent to vehicle paths. Storage areas should be divided and marked as areas for "Full" and "Empty". Appropriate measures must be taken to separate cylinders containing substances that could produce an explosive atmosphere if mixed. Cylinders should have valve protection caps in place whenever they are not connected. When transporting, cylinders must be secured.

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5.7 Housekeeping

Stress the importance of good housekeeping practices. Some hazard examples: Equipment, tools and materials left lying around present tripping hazards. Debris and oily rags are fire hazards. Material that is improperly stacked could topple over and injure someone. Snow and ice present slipping hazards. Guidelines for good housekeeping: Check the work area before beginning a task; get rid of anything not required. Pick up debris and clean up any messes. Keep walkways, doorways and stairway free of obstruction. Keep outside walkways clear of snow and ice. Put tools away that are not being used and store everything where it won’t fall. Lay cords and cables flat so as not pose a tripping hazard. In lay-down areas, lay materials in a way that the material won’t move or be likely to fall. Ensure the heaviest items are closest to the ground.

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5.8 Smoking

Smoking can create an ignition source and is not allowed, except in areas that have been designated as safe to do so. Workers are required to be alert at all times while on the job and be able to exercise clear judgment, without the risk of drug or alcohol impairment or physical or mental fatigue.

5.9 Impairment – Alcohol, Drugs and Fatigue

5.10 Ergonomics Discuss the principles of ergonomics: Ten basic ways to reduce the risk of cumulative trauma injury: 1. Keep Everything in Easy Reach - prioritize by frequency of use. 2. Reduce Repetition - mix tasks. 3. Work at Proper Heights - plus or minus elbow height. 4. Provide Clearance and Access - avoid constricted layouts. 5. Work in Neutral Postures - be comfortable. 6. Minimize Contact Stress - take the pressure off. 7. Reduce Exertion or Force - spread or lighten the load. 8. Provide Mobility and Change of Posture - stretch and take a micro-break. 9. Minimize Physical and Mental Fatigue - avoid overloading tasks and muscles. 10. Maintain a Comfortable Environment - lighting, temperature, noise, etc.

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6.0 Oil and Gas Industry Hazards and Controls
6.1 Rotating Equipment Explain hazards of rotating equipment: Equipment such as flywheels, drive shafts and water pumps can pose the hazards of catching ill-fitting clothing (including loose fitting gloves), jewellery and long hair. Most rotating equipment has guards – workers must ensure adequate guards are in place before using equipment. For rotating equipment that cannot be fitted with guards, then safety procedures should be in place to identify the hazard and reduce the risk. These procedures should be reassessed as equipment changes and revisited to ensure that the hazard is identified and the risk reduced. 6.2 Portable Heaters Discuss hazards and safe work practices for portable heaters: Only competent, trained workers can install, ignite and service portable heaters (gas, electric, oil, etc). All use and maintenance must strictly follow manufacturer's specifications. Ensure adequate ventilation to avoid buildup of exhaust gases. When using portable heaters in potentially hazardous atmospheres, a hot work permit may be necessary.

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6.3 Pipe Handling

Explain hazards of pipe handling: Standing/Walking on Pipe – should be avoided, a wooden platform or planking should be used. Tiers of pipe must be properly blocked and secured to control the hazard of rolling pipes. Do not use hands and feet to position pipe as this allows for great risk of crushing injuries. Never walk or work under a suspended pipe, unless load is fully secured or supported by blocking. All loads must be controlled by tag lines.

6.4 Winching / Towing

Explain hazards of winching/towing: Workers should never be between the winching vehicle and the load being winched. Always wear leather gloves when handling cable to avoid pieces of wire protruding from the cable. Use hand over hand action; the winch line should not be allowed to slip through the hands. If towing a vehicle; be aware of muddy conditions – tire chains may be required. Slack should be taken up until the line is taut, then steady power should be applied to control both vehicles. Workers must not use hands, feet or any hand-held object to guide rope/cable onto the drum. Braking must begin earlier than usual when towing a vehicle. When cornering, make sure the towed vehicle has room to negotiate the corner – be aware towed vehicles don’t necessarily follow directly in the path of the towing vehicle.

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6.5 Valves

Explain hazards of opening valves: Trying hard to open a stubborn valve can cause strains and sprains through overexertion. If the valve suddenly gives, excessive force can cause a fall. Opening a valve can change the pressure in the pipe and the release of energy can produce enough force to blow a valve or gasket. Valves should never be operated by a worker who has not been properly trained to do so.

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6.6 Overhead Lines

Safe limit of approach distances from overhead power lines for personnel and equipment. 0 – 750 v 300 mm (In B.C. this distance of approach is only permitted for specially trained or qualified workers. Section 19.27 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations). Insulated or polyethylene covered conductors Above 750 v Insulated conductors 0 – 40 kv 69kv – 72 kv 138 kv – 144 kv 230 kv – 240 kv 500 kv 3.0 m 3.5 m 4.0 m 5.0 m 7.0 m 1.0 m

A powerline does not have to be hit to cause electric contact; electricity can arc through the air between two conductors. If an energized powerline is inadvertently struck, occupants in a vehicle should remain in the vehicle and never step from the cab to the ground. By contacting the ground and an electrified vehicle, the circuit is completed and electrocution can result. Wait for the powerline to be deenergized before leaving the vehicle.

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6.7 Underground Explain hazards of ground disturbance: Facilities All underground energized lines must be marked before any ground disturbance is undertaken. Refer to Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) document regarding guidelines for ground disturbance in the vicinity of underground lines. Reference: Enform IRP Volume 17 – Ground Disturbance Guidelines. Facility owners must be notified and have their facilities marked on service prior to starting work. A pre-job meeting must be held for all personnel and contractors involved in the ground disturbance. Workers must know and understand the safe working distances for heavy equipment from exposed underground facilities in their jurisdiction. All facilities situated within the excavation and within 5m of the work area must be hand exposed prior to mechanical excavation. Only the facility owner representative can direct or permit heavy equipment to operate within 60cm of an exposed facility.

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7.0
7.1 Terrain

Exploration Hazards and Control

Explain the hazards of unfriendly environments: Discuss the hazards of walking on uneven terrain. Discuss the safe use of ATVs. Discuss the safe use of chain saws in clearing operations. Discuss ice crossings (people and vehicles). For ATVs, general awareness is part of this standard. However, given the risk, if ATVs are to be used, further training and orientation are often required. Site-specific orientations are an excellent opportunity to discuss new or site specific considerations for ATV operators.

7.2 Bear and Wildlife Awareness

Discuss bear safety: Make noise. Keep food and garbage triple sealed. Learn to identify bear signs like hair on trees, droppings, paw prints. Take note of working in areas of berry bushes and water holes – extra vigilance is required. Do not use a walkman or personal stereo – must be able to hear all around. Carry a bear-scare device. Other Wildlife Concerns: cougar, moose, wolf, fox, coyotes, caribou, deer, ungulates, livestock, dogs, buffalo, etc.

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General wildlife awareness is a component of this orientation standard. However, changes in location, seasons and habitat may require expanded wildlife orientation and/or training. Sitespecific orientations are an excellent opportunity to review worker knowledge as well as recent wildlife sightings and behaviour. Reference CPSC Safety Alert “2002-29.”: “Canada Is Bear Country.” 7.3 Heliportable Operations Discuss helicopter safety: Workers must be familiar with basic safe operations around the specific helicopter. Ensure workers are briefed on safety systems, correct approach/entry, etc. – especially before flying for the first time. Always crouch when approaching or exiting a helicopter – always be aware of the blades. Make sure landing zones are kept clear with a clearly marked perimeter. Ensure the pilot sees you. Carry objects below waist level when beneath the rotating blades. Never smoke near a helicopter.

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7.4 Explosive Handling and Detonation (Seismic Operations)

Discuss seismic detonators (no time delay). Discuss detonator cords. Discuss seismic explosives (Geo-gel, Dyno-gel, etc.). Discuss magazine security (post – September 11). Abandoning an explosive charge (Seismic Operations). Blasting safe practices (Seismic Operations).

7.5 Seismic Drilling Safety 7.6 Cold / Heat Stress and Exposure 7.7 Chainsaw Operations and Dangerous Tree Control

Reference CAGC Safety Alert 2000-16: “Shothole Drilling – Working in Shallow Gas.” Discuss potentials for overexertion, overheating, hypothermia, frostbite, etc.

Reference: Enform IRP Volume 11: “Dangerous Tree Control.”

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8.0
8.1 Drilling Equipment

Rig Hazards and Control

Refer to Industry Recommended Practice #1 – Critical Sour Drilling and Industry Recommended Practice #6 – Critical Sour Underbalanced Drilling at www.enform.ca. Highlight equipment hazards Spinning chain Drilling line Hammer unions Steam lines/de-icing Rotary Table Mouse Hole Air Hoist Boilers BOPs Cathead Drawworks Tongs Wireline

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8.2 Drilling Mud and Footing

Discuss tripping, chemical and electrical hazards. Discuss hazards of caustic, instructing on proper method of mixing. Refer to Industry Recommended Practice #14 – Non-Water Based Drilling and Completions Workover Fluids at www.enform.ca.

8.3 Service Rigs

Discuss spotting rigs: Proper hand signaling – refer to Industry Recommended Practice Volume 12 – Hand Signals for Directing Vehicles. Never stand between rig and the wellhead. Refer to Alberta Recommended Practice #2 - Completing and Servicing Critical Sour Wells at: www.enform.ca Discuss raising the derrick: Never stand under the derrick as it is being raised. Be in position to see all lines and stay clear.

8.4 Perforating

Discuss blasting hazards: All transmitters' sources must be shut off during blasting operations, including mobile radios, cell phones, monitors, etc. Refer to Alberta Recommended Practice #2 - Completing and Servicing Critical Sour Wells at: www.enform.ca

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9.0
9.1 Truck Mounted Cranes

Oilfield Trucking Hazards and Control

Discuss hazards of truck mounted cranes: Overloading equipment. Tag lines must be used. Outriggers must be used. Loads must not be dragged – lifted only. Loads should be kept close to the ground. Discuss crane operator certification for various jurisdictions.

9.2 Opening / Closing Boomers

Proper method for using boomers and snipe.

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10.0 Production and Plant Hazards and Control
10.1 Emergency Systems 10.2 Plant Hazards Explain common plant emergency systems, such as emergency shutdown systems, alarms, etc. Some common plant hazards: High pressure lines (including steam). Ignition sources, including static electricity. Tank gauging (sweet and sour). Noise. Confined spaces.

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Discuss hazard of gauging tank and proper methods: Be aware of escaping gases when opening hatches – wear proper protection. Do not walk on roof of tanks. When lowering a plumb into the tank, maintain contact between the plumb line and the hatch-rim throughout the operation – static discharge must be prevented. Discuss Pigging: A “pig” is an instrument that is inserted into a stretch of pipe and shot to the other end by compressed air or with product to clean the inside of the pipe, clear possible obstructions or provide information on condition of the pipe. Workers should not be at the ends of the pipe or in the immediate vicinity of the pig catcher when the pipe or pig catcher is under pressuring during pigging or testing.

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11.0 Emergency Response
Discuss Emergency Response Plans: Each work site must have an approved emergency response plan specific to the site. Workers should be made aware of emergency alarms, systems and course of action in the event of an emergency during a site specific orientation. Emergency Response plans should be supplemented and reinforced with drills. Emergency Response phone numbers should be verified for accuracy and that they are current.

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12.0 Safety Communication
12.1 General With the potential of many hazards on a work site, clear communications are vital. Information needs to be exchanged between supervisors, workers, contractors, sub-contractors – everyone on the worksite. It is very important that everyone on the worksite is aware of work to be undertaken, hazards and control measures to be taken and procedures to be followed. It should never be assumed that communications have been understood without receiving some affirmation. Following are some general guidelines for clear communications. Speak clearly. Maintain eye contact. Obtain a positive response to what was said and encourage listeners to ask questions. If several instructions are required, give them one at a time and get a positive response before going onto the next. If a worker does not understand instructions, they must speak up and ask for clarification. 12.2 Site Orientation Workers entering a petroleum site or camp facility should expect to receive an orientation specific to the hazards, procedures and emergency response plan for that particular site. They may also expect to be quizzed to ensure that they have understood the information presented. It is common that completed orientations are documented and filed by the company.

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12.3 Pre-Job Meetings

It is a valuable safety practice to hold a meeting of all workers involved or impacted by a job or task before beginning work. The purpose of the meeting is to review hazards, precautions and roles and responsibilities for the upcoming work. Some jurisdictions require meetings to be documented. These meetings are usually held daily to ensure that all workers remain aware of hazards and to raise awareness of new hazards if conditions or procedures change. Safety meetings are usually held on a regular basis, e.g. weekly or monthly. This is an opportunity for all workers to gather to discuss general safety concerns which can result from incidents or changing conditions or to introduce improvements to maintaining safe work conditions.

12.4 Tool Box / Tail Gate Meetings 12.5 Safety Meeting

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12.6 Reporting

Hazard reporting: If a worker encounters a hazard that cannot be immediately corrected, it is expected that the worker will report the hazard to site supervision. Some sites will have a formal process for documenting reporting hazards. Incident and near miss reporting: All incidents involving injury, property and equipment damage or loss and spills must be reported immediately to site supervision. In the case of injury or work-related illness, information must be submitted by the worker, the employer and the attending physician to the Workers’ Compensation Board. Spill and release reporting: All spills should be reported immediately. Some spills require reporting to government agencies. Be aware of spills creating slipping hazards. If safe to do so, clean up spill immediately.

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Appendix “D” – Gap Analysis for Basic Safety Awareness Training
Purpose: The purpose of this gap analysis is to allow organizations, producers, contractors and subcontractors to quickly measure existing basic safety programs against the IRP 16 standard. In Appendix C, IRP 16 defines topics for basic safety awareness training. In the case where your existing program meets or exceeds the topic outline, you have met the IRP 16 standard for that topic. In the case where an existing program does not meet the topic outline, that is an opportunity for improvement. If your program meets or exceeds all of the topic outlines, (including one of the optional topics in Sections 7 -10, Appendix C), your program is IRP 16 equivalent. To assist in evaluating programs, the topics have been listed in a checklist-style document. Note: The Gap Analysis Checklist and Gap Analysis Declaration have been converted into interactive forms. As such they appear on this document as attached files. To open and save forms select the “Attachments: View file attachments” commands on the left hand of screen.

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