Basic Safety Training
Content
PYKOBO.QCTBO
no
.QEI1CTBVlflM CVlTY /\I...lVI.R X
B J\B/\PI1I1HbIX
H/\ CY.QHE
ME>K,QYHAPOAHAf\ KOHBEHI..lIl1~ nO,QrOTOBKE 111 ,Q1I1nJ10MII1POBAHII1I11 MOP~KOB 111 HECEHII1I11 BAXTbl1978 rOM
o
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON STANDARDS OF TRAINING, CERTIFICATION AND WATCHKEEPING SEAFARERS, 1978
FOR
(U36nelleHUR)
PE30JlIOI..l""~ 1
npMnolKeHMe nPABIIIJlO VI/1 06H3aTenbHble MMHMManbHble Tpe60BaHMSl no 03HaKOMlleHl'lIO, Ha'lanbHOM no,qrOTOBKe no BonpocaM 6e3onacHocTM 1'1MHCTPyKTaJKy .qnH Bcex MOpHKOB
MOpgKH rraCHOCTH 1I0IDKHLI HJIH npoMTH 03HaKOMJIeHHe HHCTllYKYHH COOTBeTCTBYJOIIIHM B II Haqam.HYIO COOTBeTCTBHH roe60BaHHlIM nOlIfoToBKY C pa3lIenOM no BOnpOCaM 6e30-
nOmHTb
A- VI/I
KOlIeKca
IIllMHB
peHHhlM
H OTBeqaTh
K KOMneTeHTHOCTH
npeJ!YcMoT-
B 3TOM pa311eJIe.
PE30JlIOI..lIl1~ 2
Pa3.qen A-VI/1 03HaKOMKTenbHaH 1 Bce
JIHUa, He gBJIglOIIIHeCg 06g3aHHOCTeM naCC3)f(HpaMH, HJIH pa6OT,
no,qrOTOBKa
Ha CY.LlHO 11M BbInOJIHeHHji 03HaKOMH,llOCTa-
110 Ha3HaqeHHji npOMTH
CJl)')Ke6HhIX TenbHOM TOquylO
){OnlKHbI
0.Ll06peHHh1M
KypChI
nO){fOTOBKJoI B OTHOUleHHH HH<pOpMauHIO MOfJIH HOCTH 06IIIaTbCg
cnoc060B
JIH'lHOro OHH:
BhllKHBaHHg
HnH nonyqHTb
H HHCTpYKT3)f(, C ,llPYfHMJoI
C TeM qTo6h1 JIIO,llbMH
.1
Ha cY,llHe
no
OCHOBP-bIM BOnpOCaM npe){CTaBneHuylO
6e3onacB BHlIe
11 nOHHMaTh
HH<p0pMal\HlO
no
6e30nacHoCTJoI,
CHMBOJIOB, 3HaKOB H CHfHanOB
aBapJoIMHO-npe){yrrpe){HTeJlbHOM
cHfHanH3auHH;
.2
3HarrH ){eMCTBHlI
B cnyqae: 3a 60pT; HJlH ){h1Ma; HnJol CYlIHa; 3BaKyaUHH; Cl1aCaTenhHbIM 3HaHHg 06 )J(HJIeT; nepe-
.1 .2 .3 .3 .4 .5 .6
na./leHHji
qeJIOBeKa
o6Hapy)J(eHHlI rro){a'!H
nOlKapa
CHfHana
0 nO)J(ape MeCTa c60pa
HJIll OCTaBJIeHHH
MOrJIll 3HanH YMeJIH
onpe){eJlHTb
H rrOC3,ljKH H nyrH
MecToHaxO)J(.LleHHe 110){HHMaTb rpeBory
H YMeJIH HCrrOJlh30BaTb H HMeJIH OCHOBHhle
HCnOJIb30BaHlofH
HOCHbIX OfHeTyUlHTeneM; MOf;rn .LlpyrflX qeM npe.LlnpHHHMaTb 06CTonenbCTBax, 3a HeMe){JIeHHble Tpe6YIOIIIflX nocJle){ylOIIIeM ){eJ1:cTBHlI npH HeCqaCTHOM crryqae JoInH B I1pelK){e Ha
Me.LlHUHHCKOfO Me.LlHI.\HHCKOH
BMeIIIaTeJIbCTBa,
o6paUJaTbCg H 3aKpbIBaTh
nOMOIIIblO,
HMelOIIIeil\::g
CYlIHe;
.7
MOfJIH
H OTKpbIBaTh npH qeM
BO){OHenpOHHl\aeMble, MOpg .LlBepH, tiJIg
npoTHBonolKapHbIe YCTaHOBJIeHHble OTBepCTHM
){BepH
H HerrpoHHI.\aeMble HOM cY.LlHe, HHbIe
B03){eMCTBHH
Ha KOHKpeTB Kopnyce
npe.nHa3HaQeHHble
3aKpbITHli
cy.nHa.
Types of emergencies Fire/Explosion can arise due to railure or faulty operation of equipment, by scll~ignitioll caused by carelessness with open fIre or smoking in the bunk. Collisions can be caused by failure of machinery or rudder, insufficient watchkeeping or navigation faults. Grounding or stranding, like collision, can be caused by navigation faults, failure of machinery or rudder, bad weather or the ship dragging its anchor. Leakage occurs, when the ships hull, deck or hatches are damaged. . Man-over-Board. If a person fulls overboard, it is important for his possibilities of survival that he is rescued on board again as fast as possible. The most frequent cause of death is not drowning but death caused by cold. Drills and instructions In order to cope with an emergency situation in the best way it is necessary having planned ahead. The plans are called the muster lists, and comprise: - General alarm; - the Boat muster list; - the Fire muster list; and in certain ships there may also be a _Man-over-Board (MOB) muster list The muster list specifies in detail the general alarm signal, the action of passengers and crew when such signal is heard, the muster positions and by whom the order «abandon ship» is given. Muster lists are displayed and conspicuously posted in the navigating bridge, the nfficers and crew's mess/smoking rooms, (It tll' control stations of the enginc room And lit III othcr position that the Master cOl1sicl 'n< 1\ • '\". sary tor crew to s··. nOll(ap/B3pblll MO)l(CT 1I031HlKH)'Tb H33a IICII'p1l01'O 11'11\)!lI,'IOUUllHlI 060pyJl,OBa1IHlI, CIlMOII031'OPUII~1l1 1I1,1'JmUIIIOroHeocropO)l(llOC1'l,IO (; OTKphl'l'I,IM 01'1ICM I1JII1KypeHJoUI IJ KOI1KC. CTonKHoBeHIII9 - MO)KCTlIPOI130I1TH 1133a OTKll3a MexaHH3MOll HJlH pyJIlI. 1Iel-laJJ,ne)Kamero HeCeHJoUIlJaxThl I1J1H 1IaO~lI'allI10HHbIX 0llm60K, nOCCJAlGlHa Menb Knit KaCaHlte rpyHTa, MOlyr npoIDOHrn H3-3a HaBHraIJ.I10HHbIX OIllH6oK, BbIXOJl,a113CTpOHMexaHIi3MOBHnI1 pynH, TIJloxoil:noroJl,bI HnI1,lI;pCHljla cy.mm Ha HKope. BoAote'lHOCTb B03HlIKaeT,np1l. nOBpe)KJ],eHlIlI.KOpnyCa, nany6bI HnI1JIIOKOBblX 3aKpbITi1l1. 4enoseK 3a 6op-roM. ITPH na.neHllll. '1enoBeKa 3a 60PT BllJKHOKaK MO)I(HOcKopee nOAHJITb ero Ha 60PT cy;ma HaH60JIee '1aCTOH npll.'!HHoil: rn6eJIll. lIBIDICTCSI He YTOTIJleHRe,a CMepTb 0'1'XOJIoJl,a TpeaorM M ,qeIllCTaHA no TpeaoraM QT06b1 CnpaBlITbCSIC aBapHi1HoR cmyaw;:eil: HlllIJI)"IlllHM 06pa3oM, Heo6xoJl,RMO cnnaHHP0BaTh Jl,eil:crBHH3apanee, T aKRe TIJlaIIbIHa3bIBlllOfCSIPacITHcaHIDIMJ{ no -rpeBOraM H BKJIIO'llllOT: - PaCnitcaHMe no 06u.\ecy,QOBOMTpeBOre; - PacnMcaHlte no WmOnO'lHOM TpeBore; - PacnMcaHMe no 6opb6e c llOlK3pOM; aHa HeKoTOpblXCYJl,axTaIOKe - PaCnMCaHIIIe4enOBeK 3a 6OPTQM; B PaCllHcaI-Ilffi 110 'rpenornM jlCT,UlblIO OITHChIBlllOTClIClot f'III1J1 hi 'Iop 1101', )lci1CrBHH nacCaJl(HPOO 11 'UI 11011') IoII10K(]1I0CJle Toro Kill(01111 ')'f11 '111111 11.1 Y' 1I.llIlfrt',Mccra c60pa H KCMIII)Nl 1'l'11 OMllllj\lI«110111 llyn. CY.lIH0l1. I' ~IIIWIIl1l1' 111)'1)'I~)IUM OI.IBCIllJ1BllefClI Ha 'IMUM 11111\11111\'1 1\'1\I 1111 XO)\OIJOM MOCfHKe,B 1111\11 I<IlMlIlIlIlIl. l'I\)JIOI~)l-1:ll<J-trlll)Kll Ii MCCUlX II III II,,11 II I\' IIIJll1j 1I.1I0MIIOCry ynpaBJIeIDIlI B 1\'111111I11111111\'1 H1Jl\UII"11I111 11IJJU06blX HHbIXMCCUlX 1/11 IIl1llfll(, II/\IIMO )U1l1 113y'IelllilI3IGIIIIDKeM.
Out of consideration for your shipmates and yourself it is your duty to acquaint yourself thoroughly with the muster lists think especially of: - What is my task? - Do I understand what to do? - Where do I have to appear? -Where is the equipment to be used? - Who gives the orders? - To whom shall I report? - What are the alarm signals of the ship? Your place on the muster list is either given by your profession, name, ship's number or room number. The alarm signal can vary from ship to ship, therefore, always check your ships signal on the posted lifeboat muster list. Remember! Ask - while there is time to answer! During an emergency there is no time to answer questions. Rememberllt is Your duty to participate in the Life Boat (Abandon Ship) and Fire Drills and Musters. General alarm On hearing such signal you must put on your lifi:jacket and proceed to the muster station. unless you have been given specific duties i.e. closing watertight doors, screwing down ports etc. Even if he has not any specific duty, his responsibility will be to gather at a muster station and make himself availahle to the Master or the officer in charge, Boat Alarm as the boat signal has been sounded, immediately muster at your station, put on a lifejacket do it property and start to canyout the assigned jobs as described on the posted lifeboat muster list and trained during drills.
As soon
He npIDlliMall BOBHHMaHHe MHeHReBanrnx Ha'laJIbHHKOBH Barne, Tlliare.IIbHOe H3yqeHHe PacllHcaHHl1 no lpCBOraM BXOJl,Hf B BaIllH 06SI3aHHocrn H oco6eHRO YSICHllTC CJIe.uyJOIIlee: - KaKOBbIMOH06113aHHOCfI1? - I10HlIJI JIll.1I.'!TO lIeJIlITb? - [He Mecro c60pa? - [lIe HaxolIHTClIo60pYJloBaHJo!e? - KID OTJlaeTnpHKa3bI? - KoM)' R 1I0JI)KeHllOKJIarrhIBlITb? -rJle pacnOJIO)KeHbInOCThICIlI1l!lJIH3aUliH? BamH 06J13aHHocrn B PacllHCllIIIDI no -rpeBOraM onpe.!leJIllIOTCHJIlI.60 Bameil: Jl,0JI)KHOCfbIO, <1>.11.0., CYlIOBbIM N~,lI.JIHN~ KllIOThI. BHll cll.rHana TpeBom Ha Pll3JlWIHblXcY.llax MO)KCTH3MeHlITbCH,n03TOMY BcerJl,a CJleJJ,yCT yro'lHHTb BHll cll.rHana Ha BaIlleM cy;me, nOMHlIIl CnparnHBaH TorlIa, KOr.lla CCfb BpeMH OTBerHIb! B aBapRHHoil: cmyawrn HCT BpeMellll OTBC'IlITbHa BOnpoCbI. nOMHIt' Y'IaCTHe B IllJIIOnO'IHOR TpeBOre (I10KRH)'Tb cy;mo) H £opb6a c orneM llBIDleTCJI BameR 06J13aHHOCfbIO. 06~ecy,qoBaH l'peBora Y CJIblIIIaB 3TOT CHrHan, BbI llOJIlKHbI OllCTb cnacaTeJIbHblil: )K1I.nCTH cneJ!OBaTh B Mecro c60pa, eCJlH BbI He 1I.MeeTe J!pyrl1X 061I3aHHocreil:, TaKHX KaK: 3aKpbITHe BOJ!OHenpoHJi!IIaeMblX llBepeil:, 3aapaRBaHHe HJIJIIOMHHaf0POB H T.J!. EcJrn: Jl,3)Ke nepcoHaJIbHbIe 06113aIIHOCfI1 He npeJJ,yCMOTpeHbI, 'lJIeH 3Kl1.llalKa .llOJl)KeH npH6bITb Ha Mecro c60pa 11. 6bITb rorOBbIM BbIDOJ!HIITb pacnoplDKeHRH KamrraHa lI.JIH KOMaH)UIpano 3aBeJl,OBaHHIo. W",OllO'lH~
t
l'peBora
i.
ITo clI.rHany lllmonO'lHoil: meBOm, HeMeJ!JIenno Iw,irre Ha Mecro c60pa onpeJ!eJIennoe mrn .BiIe, OJ!eHbTe lKHJ!CT (cJIemn:e 3a reM, 'IT06b1 lKHJ!e'f 6bill OJ!CT npaBlI.JIbHO) H npHCTVilaHTe K BbIDOJIHeIDfiOJ!eil:crBlm, orrpeJ!eJIeHHbIXPaCITHcaHHeMno IllJIIOnO'IHOHTpeBOre, TaK, KaKBbll1X oroaOOTbmlIJIH Ha yqeHHllX,
FireAlann
lifesaving alOflb\
40nO(lOK 3D 6oproM
equipment
CnaCaTeI1bHbl9
CpeACTBa
All to attend their station bringing their assigned fire fighting equipment
Man.Qver-Board
Each person shall be sure to which survival craft he or she is assigned. 3KJo1mUK e)1< 1I0t-\IIIJl1()lII<JoI HeMe J1eHHO C06!ffiaeTClI, 1I0JollIaJllot'lHH110)\1I0CllTCll JlerKOBOll0J1a31-l0eCHapllJKCIII-lC. OCTlUlhHOJ;\3KJo1naJK OJKHl!aeTllOnOJlHJoI"rCJlhl-lhIX JoIIICillYKI!HH.
Clo1nt3nbl 101 HaAnlo1CIo1 no 6e30nacHOCTIo1
The rescue boat crew to muster immediately carrying immersion suits if available. The rest of the crew awaits further instruction
Safety notices and signs
If the boat to which you are assigned is damaged other intact survival craft will be used according to given order.
Bce, HaxOD:llll\Hecjl Ha 60pry, )(OjDKHM TOqHO 3HaTb Ha KaKHe cnacareJ1bHble cpellCTBa OHHpacl1HCaHbl. ECJ1HcrracareJ1bHOe CpeJ\CTBO,Ha KOTopoe Bbl paCnHCaHbl, nOBpeJKLleHOcne.n:yeT !lcnOJ1b30Barb )(pyrne, He nOBpeJKJ\eHHble, B nopJl)(l<e, onpelleJ1eHHOM COOTBeTCTB)'IOll\HMJl pacnopjj)f(eHHllMH.
Cnacarel1bHblE! wmonKM
For the benefit of safety various notices and signs are placed at various locations on board; there can be notices about various rooms contents or the contents of various containers and the like. portable fire extinguishers nepeHocHble OrHe-I)'IDHTeJUI
)J..rui l.\eJ1eH 6e3onacHocTH B pa3Jrn'IHblX Mecrax no cy.n;Hy pa3Mell\aIOTClI CWHaJU,1 H HaD:I1HCHno 6e30nacHoCTH; OHH MO\)'T RHtlJOPMlipOBaTb 0 Ha3Haqemrn HeKOTophlX noMell\eHliH HJlH CO)(epJKHMOM pa3.1lWIHh1XlIIUHKOB!IT.n. l,cl= ~" oddihoodi clothmg wKa<!Jc .uonOJlHIITeJlbHOil3aWHTHoil o.ue)J{)loil secondary means of escape BTOpOCTeneHHble nyrH JBlIKyaUllIt
Lifeboats Lifeboats are numbered from forward to aft. Odd numbers to starboard and even numbers to port. A plughole is provided and a conspicuous mark is made on the side-bench to indicate its position.
Boat Handling (e) One short Signals
p"""",,,
I~ I
CrracaTeJ1bHble IUJUOTIKH HYMepYJOTClJH3 Hoca B KOpMY. HeqeTHMe HOMepa Ha upaBOM 60pry, a 'ieTHble - Ha neBoM. QT06b1 nOKaJaTb paCII0J10JKeHHe npe,nyCMOTpeHHbIXnpo60K, Ha 6oKOBbIX CKaMeHKax HaHOCllTCjI3aMeTHble 3HaKJoI.
CMntarlbl ynpaaneHIo1fI UUllOnKaMM.
primary means of escape OCHOllHble nyrJolJBlIKyaUlm
EJ
_ ••.
blast means
to lower the
lifeboats.
C•• ) Two short blasts means to stop lowering the lifeboats. A muster will always take place at the boat stations before any boarding to ensure all hands at their stations. Launching of lifeboat must be canied out in accordance with the launching procedure trained during boat drills.
wheeled fire extinguishers OrHe-I)'WHTeJlJol Ha KOJleCHOM XOllY
closing appliance for exterior ~ ventilation inlet or outlet 3aKpbIBllIOweeyC1poilcTBO HapYJK- ~ Hoil BeHTJoIJIJIUHH international shore connection nepexo.llHocCOC.!lHHeHHe MelKJIYHaPO.llHoro06pa3ua
r-.-...:l
HaqaTb CoyCK IUJUOIIOK. (e e) ,I:{BaKOpoTIGIX CHrHarra - npeKpaTHTb CoyCK llllllOnoK. nepell HaqarrOM noCll,!J.KH JUOJ\eHB IUJUOIIKIl He06xoJ\HMo rrpoBeCTH nepeKJIl:l'IKy, 'IT06b1 y6e)(HTbCjI B TOM,'ITO Bee JUO)(HHa Mecrax' COYCK lliJUOnOK Hll BO.n:yllOJUKeH rrpoll3BO)(JoI"rbCli B COOTBeTCTBHH C nOp$l)(KOM,KOTOPhIH mpa6aTbIBaeTClJ B npOl\ecce npone.n:eHHll lliJUOIIOqHblXyqeHliH.
(e) O)(RH KOPOTKHll.CHrHaJI -
fire control plan ~ cxeMa nomapHoil 6e30naCHOCTH
FIRE PLAN
lashing
Hai1moB
.
tricing pendants
fire nOma~HalI 3aCJlOHKaB llelfI"lilIJlUJoI-,
_~d'","""
[~
OHHOJolTPy6e
I
•
aumc/s (npWKuMHafl OmmflJKKa)
hose box With..spray I jet lire IIOU.leB wKaQJJ],JIll lIIJIBllrllC py'lIl1,IM110map"'blM CTIJOJI()M
locker with additional breathing apparatus lllKa<!J C .uonOJlHHTCJlhlfblM ,!lhIXaTCJlhllblMannapaTOM
[It]
elll rHI'lI'
I kpholl
It'l Oil
"" 1l1l1l1l1l.lfl ll'III'IIKIII embarkation ladder
nOCaOO'lHb/U wmOPM-mpan-.......
lifelines to help way in. Try to boarding ladder canopy, which weight.
you pull yourself all the Ha HanyBHOM 6opTe, H)'JKHO B311TbCli 3a pull yourself in with the BHYTPeHHHH cnaCaTeJIbHbIH KOHeQ Ii c ero and lifelines rather than thl;:" , nOMOIIIbID BTlIH)'Tb ce6H Ha illIOT. THHHTe 3a could be tom by your Iioca,n:oqHYID rreCTHHQY Ii crracaTerrbHbIH KOHeQ, a He 3a TeHT, KOTOpbm MOlKHO nopBaTb c06cTBemibIM B~COM.
n<>,£\HJlT\IIepatleifHoro Ha MOT
Getting an injured man into the raft
Hold injured so he is facing the raft until you get his-upper body aboard. Pulling him in with his'back to the raft coule,! harm him if he has a back injury. Once his hips are resting on the buoyancy tube, gently turn him until he is on his back and pull him into the raft. Keep him lying on his back until you have determined the extent of his injuries.
Y)lepJKHBaHre paHeHHOI'o JIHl.\OMK nrr01)', rrOKaHe nO,LlHliMlrreBepXlUOIDqacTb 'TyJIOBHIIIa Ha 6opT. Bbl'I'llrnIlaHHe paHeHHom CIlliHOH K IIJ101)' Momo 6bI nOBpe)llITb eMY, ecJIH y Hem TPaBMa CllHHbl. KorJ\a em 6eJlPa 6y.nyr Ha HaJlYBHOM 6opre, llKKYParno nepeBepHHTe em TllK, 'IT06bI OH OKa3aJ1Cll JIClKaIIIHM Ha CIlliHe Ii JmIHHTe Ha IIJ1OT.OH J\OJ1Jl.(eH JIClKltfL Ha CIlliHe, rrOKaBM He Onpe1leJIHJIHcreneHb norryqeHHbIX HMTpaBM.
19
HapYlKHoe OCBeIIIeHHe(1), CrracaTeJIbHoe KOJIbOutside illumination (1), rescue quoit with QO C JIHHeM(2), BeHI'llJIlIIIIDl(3), HHCfPYKline (2), ventilation aperture (3), instructions UHH: (4), HarHeTaTeJIbHO / (.'1pllBlllIBllIOIIIHH plate (4), reinflating/deflating valve (5), survival KJIanaH(5), aBapHHHbIH IIlIKeT(6), c60pHHK pack (6), rainwater tapping point (7), instruc)lOlKJ\eBOHBO)lbI(7), HHCfPYKUHH: (8), !1plicnotions (8), rainwater catching gear (9), entrance co6JIeHHC MH c60pa J\OlKJ\eBOHBO)lbI(9), rroclosing covers (10), paddles (11), bag with KpbIBaJIa MH 3aKpbITHHBxo,ll.a(lO), aecrra(ll), bellows and repair kit (12), outer grab line(13), MelliOKc HacocoM Ii peMOHTHbIMHa60poM (12), battery activated by water (14), pressure gas CrracaTeJIbHbIH KOHeQ(13), 6arapeH BO,lI.cylinder with tear-open valve (15), boarding Hble (14), lU'IJIHHtIpC ra30M C KJIarraHOMOTKpbIladder (16), painter(I7), anti-capsize bag(18), THlI(15), noca,n:OqRI,IH Tparr (16), ljlaJIHHb(17), drogue (19), drogue retrieving line (20), KapMaHbI !1pOTHBonpoKH)lbIBaHHJI(18), rUlallYoverpressure valve (21), inner grab line (22), »KOpb (19), JIHHb IIJ1aBy'.cl'O lIKOP"(20), arch (23), inflatable double roof(24), inflatable - ~ npe)lOXPaHHTeJIblfbIH KJI<lfIllJl (2 I), CIlf\Cl:f1'CJlI,double bottom (25). buoyant knife (26). inside HbIH KOHeQ(22), apKa (2 ), IIIlOI~lIoc 1I!\J(yBIIOC light (27). rroKpbJI'He (24),1\110"" 1Ii\!(yIlIlOC I\IIHII\C(25), I1JIaBalO!UJ'f" 1101 ( 6), ( " 11\'11I1C (27). n \ u. MOT 1013 aOAbl Boarding the raft from the water Boarding a liferaft from the watcr without help is hard. Pull yourself in hcad first using the boarding ladder and lifclin', at the raft entrance to gct your uppcr bod aboard. Once your uppcr body is Oil 1111 buoyancy tubc, Ih 'r' should b' Inl 'III II 111)1\11111'1, II III 1I0)ll.1 IIn 1IJ10T 6e3 rro-l'l)pOllllt I 11I1MlIlIl" 'I'PYllIIO, CHaqllJla, 11('11111110' " 11111 1l1\1I'llIyIOJlCCTHHQYH cnacaII 111.111,1 111I11\',' IIXOI\<L, BTlIHHTe Ha 60pT 111111111 ItllI 111011)'111\:'1"1, TyrroBliIIIa, Kor,ll.a II II 111111 '1111 II. 1YJIOIIHLUa 6Y,ll.eT HaxOJ\HTCH
Righting a capsized raft
nepeBopa<fHBaHMe
onpoKl4ttyToro
MOTa
Swim to the side marked Right Here. If there is no marking, go to the side with the CO2 cylinder. Maneuver the cylinder side of the raft so that it is downwind, then reach up and grab the righting strap. Start by pulling yourself up onto the raft. It may help to Ifick your fe~t out as if swimming. If this doesn't work, try putting your feet or knees into the external lifelines to help you pull yourself up on the raft. Some rafts may right while you are climbing onto them. If not, stand on the very, edge, where the CO2 cylinder is located. Lean back with all your weight and pull on the righting strap.
Ilo)lIlJIbmlITe K 60JYIY 0603HaQeHHoMY «IlpaBbIH». EcJrn HeT MapKHpoBKH,TO K 6oJYIY, me HaxO,ll;I1TCli 6arroH C(h. IloBepHlrre IIJ10THa BeTep, ,n:OTllHlITCCb Ii 3lIXIlaTIfre Crref\HaJIbHO rrpe.nyCMOTpeHHbIH MH nepeBOpOTa MOTa peMelfb. BTlIHIITe ce6H Ha IIJ1OT.MOiKHO' IIOMO% ce6e TOJIqKaMHHor, KaK /5y;nTOI1JIbmqe, nOI1brraHrecb IIOCTaBHThHOm HJ1HKOJIeHH'iIa BHelllmrn cnacarem..HbIH KOHeQ, IIrrO'I' MOlKeT nepeBepHYJ'bClI, Kor,n:a BbI IIO)lHHMae:recb Ha Hem. Ecmt HeT, BCTaHbTeHa ~6M Kpaio, me pacnorrolKeH 6aJIOH CO2, YJ\eplKHBallCb 3a peMelfbOTIilloHlfreCb BceM' TMOM RiiK -MOxrno' )laJIblile HlI3a.n H PbrBKOM'ITCfrsn.rnnj" niI6tita ce611.
Jump with your legs first and body straight. Press your elbows to your sides and take a grip at the top of the jacket front and pull down to prevent the jacket from hitting your chin or neck when you hit the water Avoid jumping from heights greater than 10 meters. If the canopy is clear of the water, the raft will begin to follow you. If the raft is large, it will land on top of you unless you spring backwards just as the raft begins to right. If the raft does land on top of you, don't panic. The bottom of the raft is soft and flexible and your head will form an air pocket. Stay face up, catch a breath of air and pull, yourself out from underneath.
Rescue boat
ECllH TCHf 'He 3llI10IDIeHBO~OH,WI<Y1' Ha'1Her cnC)lyjj BarueM)' ycHIDllO nepeoopa'lHBafbCll. ECJJH IUI<IT6oJThllIoH, OH MO)[(er HaKpbITb Bac, CCIDI BbI He ompblIIDlTC Ha3all, KIll< TOJIJ,KOIUI<IT Ha'IHer nepeBOpa'IHJllITJ.,Cjj. EcnH nepeBepHYBmHHCjj nnOT HlUCPblJI Bac, He naIrnKyHTe. )]:HO WIOTa MjjrKOe H 3naCTWIHoe H BOKpyr rOJIOBbl 06pll3yeTcli B03~llIHJ.,JH MellIOK. IIepeBepHHTecb JIHUOM BBepx, ClIeJIaHTe B~Ox' nO~TjjHlITecb H BblHblpRlne H3-1I01IIInOTa.
,QelKypHCUI
WI1IOf1Ka
IIpbIraihe HOraMH Bnepell H c IlpliMbIM KOprryCOM. CO)[(MHTe KOJIeHKH, yxBaTHTe BepXHHe nepelIHMe qaCTH. )I{HJleTa pyKaMH H npIDKMHTe HX BHH3, lIAA H36e)[(aHHlI' yllapa 1I0 tjeJIIOCTHHn", B llIelO B MOMeHT, KOrDa BbI CTOJIKHerecb C BO1I0H. y136eraHTe npb(')f(KOB C BblC<Yrbl 60nee '1eM 10 MeTOOB.
CnacarenbHble HqlyrM
Lifebuoys
The lifebuoys must be ready for being rapidly cast off. They must by no means be permanently fastened. Be aware of the placing of the lifebuoys! To enter the buoy in water, place it in front of you and press the near part down and away from you, causing the far end to pivot up and towards you, over your head.
- Immersion suits
CrracaTCJlbHbIe KpyrH i!0JI)[(Hb16blTb raroBbl K HeMe~JleHHOMY BbI6pacblBllirnlO. OHM He ,lI,OJI)[(Hbl HMerb HH KlIKHX,lI8)[(e BpeMeHHbIX, Cpe,llCTB Kpel1JIemrn, 113yqme, paJMeIUeHHeKpyroB! .ll:JllI TOro, 'lT06bl O,ll,eTb cnacaTCJIbHbIH Kpyr B BO,lle,~ep)[(Jol1'C ero lIepe~ co6oH, Ha)J(MlI1'e'1aCTb l<pyra B03JIe MC BHH3H 01' ce6l1, rrpocyHbTe roJIOBy H PYKHB <YrBepCTHe, K<ITOpoe <ITKpoeTclinepe~ BaMH.
rlllAPOKOCTIOMbl
As the name implies the rescue boat is primarily meant for rescue actions, be it persons from own ship or other persons in peril. During such actions the boat will normally be manned by 3 persons wearing immersion suits. One person manoeuvres the boat and the other two retrieve persons from the sea.
KaK cne~er H3 Hll3BaHHlI, ~e~HalI llIJIIOnKa, B nepBylO Oqepe~b IIpe~Hll3Ha'leHa ~AA cnacaTeJIJ,HbIX onepaUHH , 6y~ JIH 31'0 qneHbI CY~OBOHKOMaH~bl HITH~yrHe JIIO~H, TepllllillHe 6e,llCTBHe. B rrpouecce ocym.ecTBneHHll 31'0H ,llejjTeJIbHOCTH B UIJIIOIIKe06b1qHO HaxO~HTCjj '£PH qeJIOBeKa, O,llerble B rH,llpOKOCTIOMbI.O,llHH tlenOBeK yrrpaBAAer llIJIIOIIKOH, a ~pyme .llB3 H3BJIeKaIOTJIIO,lleHH3 BO,llbl.
CnaearenbHble
)[(MJleTbI
The suits are provides for the rescue boat crew and for persons who way possibly have to jump into the water during ship abandonment. If all persons evacuate the ship simultaneously the suits should be taken onboard the survival craft for use against cold and wetness. If you jump into the sea with the suit, the air in the suit will be pressed out through the face lining. This may cause a dislocation of the lining and some water may enter the suit. It is thus important to press as much air out of the suit as possible before you jump. Although the suit itSelf is well insulated, the use of warm clothing underneath will increase survival time. The suit will float a person on his back and swimming is best performed by backstroke.
Lifejackels
Lifejackets are located in each cabin and at the muster-station for lifeboats and Iiferafts. There are also Iifeiackets forward and in the radioroom. Make sure that you tighten the straps well, otherwise they may slide causing the Iifejacket to be dislocated when you !:If floating in the sea It is very difficult to tighten the straps when yOll tie in the s . I.
,
CnacaTenbHble lIUlJleTbI H8XOJ\HTCH B ~OH KllloTe, a T8K)[«())lR MCCTRX c60pa y ClIaCaTeJlbHb'X (1IIJ11II\)K H CIlUCaTCJlbHblX IlJIOTOB. lIil flTCJI !>II "I )f(HJICTbl HMelOTClI
H3 6l:l!(c ~I 1\ PIIi\11oPY II "
IlpUII 1110'111. \'11(11110 JIH Ubi 3aTlIHynH 'IIIIIWI ~I. l'l~)n' 11'1', nllH MOlyI' ocna6uyTb, '1'1'(1 IIpltlU J\\'," 'MCIt\CIIHIO Harpy~mlKa UIJIll 1111HllIHlI\ I 'el. II 1l0JIe. 3aTlIHyTb 38IIt1'l' 'I, \ Jill 111.1 IIUXo)UneCb B Bo~e, OqeHb
'11l1'\I Jill
r~OKOCTIOMbl npe,ll,Hll3Ha'leHbI Will 3KHn8)[(a lIC)J()llHol1 IIImollKJoIH Will molIeH, K<ITOpbIe6y,nyr Bb~eHbl rrpbIraTb B BO~ Will OCTaBJIemrn cY,ll,Ha,ECJIH ace nO~lll<IT 60pr CY,ll,H8O~HoBpeMeHHo, rn.upOKOCTIOMbI 6ePYTClI Ha 60pl' CllacaTCJIbHOro Cpe,llCTBa~nll 3lllII,I1TbI <ITxono~a H BJIarH. ECJIH Bbl rrpbIraere B BO~ B fHlIPOKOCTIOMe, B03~ H3 Hero 6y~er BbIXO,ll,HTh 'lepe3 OTBCpCTHe AJIlI JIHUa 3TO MO)[(er Bb13BaTb cMem:eHHe JoIOCJIa6neHHe rrpIDKaTJoIjj KpaCB H 1I0nMaHHe BHYrpb BO,llbl.O'1eHb IlIDKHO BbIlIaBHThH3 KOCTIOMa KaKMO)[(HO 60JIblIIe B03~a ,lI,0TOro, KaKBbI 6y~ere nPbITlITb B BO~. X<ITjj ~POKOCTIOM caM no ce6e XOpOllIO H3oJIHPyer, ecrn Bbl o~eHere no,ll Hero TenJIYIOO,ll~, 3TO yBeJIH'lHTb BpeMjj BbDKHBaHHlI.
'.
r~pOKOCI10M 6y~er nO,lllIep)[(HBaTb qenOBeKa Ha Bo~e B nOJIO)[(eHHHHa crnme, H IUlaBaTb B HeM JJY'IIlle acero Ha crnme.
Escape
3BaKYaLlMSI Ha CYlllIC06cCIlC'll1lXlerClI CIlCTeMa nyreH 3BaKyllll;ID1113KIDI()\Oro IIOMeU\eHlIlI II OTCeKa CY,ll.Ha 3T1l nyI'll 06<,3I1a'laJOTclI 3HaJ(aMH 3eJleHoro UBeTa IIoLJ.LJ.eplKIDllliITe 6e3onacHhle YCJlOBIllIHa oopry H CJle.zurre, '1'1'061,1nym 3BaKylll.\IDI He 3arpOMO)l(,ll.aJIHCb. ,QeiiiCTBMSI no KOMaHAe <(OOKIIIHYTb CYAHO» Ha,lI.eHbTe KaJ( MOlKHO 60JlblUe TenJlOH O,ll.e)l(,ll.bl,nOCTapaHTeCb 3aU1IITHTb rOJlOBY, lUelO, pyKH H HorH. ECJlH eCTb rHLJ.POKOCTIOM Ha,lI.eHbTe ero nOBepx TenJlOH o,ll.e)l(,ll.oH. ECJIH rnLJ.pOKOCTIOMHe HMeeT C06CTBeHHoH nJlaB)"leCTH Ha,lI.eHbTe cnaCll'rem,HbIH ,lKHJleT H y6e,ll.lITeCb, 'lTO 3aJ(penHJlH ero Ha,lI.JlelKaU\HM06paJOM. BceM J1ID.\aM,CTpaLJ.aJOU\HM MOpCKOH60Jle3HbIO CJleAYeT npl1HllTb peKoMeHAYeMble Ta6JleTKH HJlH ,lI.pyrne JleKapCTBa B ,lI.03a )'Ka33.HHbIX H3roTOBlITeJleM. He,ll.oMoraHHe BbI3BllHHoe MOpCKOHOOJle3HbJOCHHlKaeI: lUaHCbl Ha BblJKlfilllHl1e; BMeCTe C pBOTHbIMH BbJ.l\eJleHI1lIMH TeplieTCli Heo6xo,ll.HMali opranmM)' )I(H,lI.KOCTb, KpoMe TOro MOpCKalI 5oJle3Hb ,lI.eJIaeI: Bac 50Jlee nO,ll.BeplKeHHbIM rnrrOTepMl1l1. PelUeHHe 06 OCTaBJIeHHHcy,ll.Ha npHHHMaeT KamrraH .. KOMaH,lI.a«nOKMIfYTbCYAHO»OT,lI.3CTClI KallIlTaHOM ronocoM, no 06111ecyllODOHlpaJ-ICJlllI.\HOHHOHcem HJm C nOMOn~f>IO )Uo6oro lIOCTYfIHOro rpoMKOf'ODOplllUCI"O YClpol1cma. CIIIl-IaJl (<I 10Kllnyn, 50pT CYi.\Ha»- Be Menee M KOp<)'I'I(WX CllllUlJlOIl II Cne.ID'lOmHH33 BWMW WII "PO)\()JI1/(IfI'CJ.hnbrn CllrHlIJI CY,ll.OIlhlM '1111'),(1M (l111)()UOll()(8CMf>le aJ-IlIJIOill'lHbIM CI1II1 II)M, 1I\)i1l1'UI 'MI,IM no CHCTeMe 06wecyilllllO' II1I('l1 \J II,I101.1 '1~lllaJllI3<llJ,illI. (' MIlM III I III)illl'IH CHrHlIJIa CnyCK Ha BO'1111\'111 1I,'IOIt) cpei~crBa JI'BJIlIeTCli 06113aH110 11.1(11\1~) KOMaJ1ill1pa
A system of escape routes is arranged from all rooms and sections of the ship These escapes are marked by green signs. Maintain the safety on board and keep the escapes free. Abandon ship instructions
Put on as much warm clothing as possible, making sure to' cover head, neck, hands and feet. _ If an immersion suit is available put it on over the warm clothing. If the immersion suit does not have inherent floatation, put on a lifejacket and be sure to secure it correctly. All persons who know that they are likely to be affected by seasickness should take some recommended preventive tablets or medicine in a dose recommended by the manufacturer. The incapacitation caused by seasickness interferes with your survival chances; the vomiting removes precious body fluid, while seasickness in general makes you more prone to hypothermia. The master of the ship makes the decision to abandon the ship. The «abandon ship» order is given verbally by the Master through the public addresser and any available loudspeaker. The abandon ship signal shall pe ~ short blasts followed by one long blast on the ship's whistle followed by the same signal sounded on the general alarm.
Avoid entering the water if possible. IIocrapaMTeCb M36clKaTb norpYlKeBHlI B Use over-side ladders, or if necessary lower BO,ll.Y·YIcnonb3yihe ,lI.JIlI IIOClIJ\KM 3a60pTyourself by means of a rope or fIre hose. Hbrn Tpan, aepeBKY HnH nOlKapHbIH mnanr. After abandoning the ship it is best to row nocne OCTaBJleHllllCYLJ.Ha, cneAYeT OTOHTM or start engine and, when well clear of the ship, . oT 50pui Ha BeCJlllXHJlH 3an:ycr:lfTh ,lI.B1ffiITeJII, search lor-any survivors. H npHcrymtTb K nOHcK)' cmu:lIIOIIJ;l1Xcli. Then join up with and make fast to any 3aTeM cneLJ.YeTnpHCOel\HHHTbCJIII 3aI<peother survival craft and remain in the vicinity IlHI1>C1I K LJ.PyrnM CIIaca-rem,HbIM cpe,ll.CTBaMH of the disaster area for at least 24 hours, as OCTllllllThCJIB paii:oHe lIBllpIDI He MeBee 24 rescue vessels and planes will proceed to the 'lacoB, TaJ(-KaJ( cnacaTeJIbHble CY,ll.aH caMonedistress call position. Thl 6yLJ.Yfcne).\OBll'rb K MCC1)'H3 KOTOporo 6bIJI nO,ll.aHCHrHlIJI6e).\CfBIllI. Action in the water ,QeMCTBMH B so,qe If necessary to jUll1P into the water before boarding the boat or raft,
Remember:
ECJIl1 HeOOXO).\HMO npblraTh B BO).ly IIepe,ll. TeM KaJ( BbI rrona,ll.ere Ha lUJiIOIlKyHJII1llJIOT,
nOMHKTe:
1). Never jwnp head first into the water 2).Jump legs first 3).Hold tight on to your life preserver ner. 4). Do not jwnp into the boat or raft While afloat in the water, do not attempt to swim unless it is to reach a nearby craft, 3 fellow survivor, or a floating object on which you can lean or climb. Unnecessary swimming will pwnp out any warm water between your body and the layers of clothing, thereby increasing the rate of body heat toss. In addition, lUIDecesSaIy movements of your arms and legs send warm blood from the inner core to the outer layer of the body. This results in a very rapid heat toss. Hence it is most important to remain as still as possible in the water, however painful it may be. Remember, pain will not kill you, but heat loss will!
I). HHKoflla He npbJTaih'e BHH3roHODOH. 2). IIpr,JTaih'e B BOllYBrrepell HOfaMH. 3). KpellKo npIDKMH:J:eCnacare.m,HbIH lKI14). He npbII'aiiTe B WJIIOllKVHJlHHa llJIOT. ECJ1IlBbI HlIXOLJ.HTeCb B DO,lI.e, He llbrraiiTecr, IlJIaJlaib, KpOMe CJIy'laeB, KOr,ll.a HeOOXO.u:HMO ,lI.OC'l'WIb HlIXO,ll.lIIl.\eroeJl Pll,ll.OMllJIOTlI,LJ.Pyroro CnacaJOllleroeli HJII1 llJIllBlIIOlllero omeKTa 33 KOTOpbIHBbI CMOlKeTe,lI.eplKllThCll HJlHHa KOTOpbIH CMOlKeTe B306plITbCli. nOllbITKll IlJII,ITb npHBO,ll.llT K TOM)', '!TO y,ll.aJIlleI:Cll HarperaIl BOlla, HaxO,ll.lIIl.\alICliMelKA)' IlllIillIM TeJlOM II CJlOJlMI1 O,ll.C)I(,lI.J,i, TlIKHM06p1l30M )'BeJiIf'IHBaeTCJI rrOTepli Tenna TeJlOM. KpOMe TOm, JII1lUHHe ,lI.BHlKeHllll P)'K H Hor Bbl3bIBl1IOT OTI'OKTellJIOH KpOBH li3 BIl)'IPCHHI1X TKlIHeH opraHKIMa K HlIp)'lKHbIM. B PeJYJIbTIITe llpOHCXO.mrr OqeHb 6bICTpllll nOTepli TellJIa HaH60nee BalKHO coxpllIDlTb B BO,lI.e HenO,ll.BHlKHOCTI>, XOTlI3TO MolKer 6bITb 6one3HeHH&IM. 3anOMIDITe, 6oJrr, Be y6heT Bac, a IIorrepli TellJIa y6heT! ECJ1Il B03MOlKHO,co6epHreCb B rpynny C LJ.PyrllMM cnacaI-Ol1lHMHClI, HlIXO.LlllIl.\HMHCJl B DO,lI.e. B rpynne 6e3orracHee, ee JIeNe 06Hl1pylKHI'b H B rpyrme neNe nOMeplKHBllTh 6o}{poCTb A)'Xa KpoMe TOro TeCHO npIDKlIBiimCb ilPyr KLJ.PyryMOlKHO YMeHbIIiHIb nOTepH TellJIa
The master of the survival cmft i li'OIlI now on responsible for the launchin or 111 survi val craft.
If possible, form a group with other survivors in the water. There is safety in numbers, and a group is more easily located and more likely to maintain morale. Hudding together will also decrease heat loss.
The body position you assume in the water is also vm important in conserving heat Float as still as possible with your legs together, elbows close to your side and arms folded across the front of your lifejacket This position minimizes the exposure of the body surface to the cold water. Try to keep your head and neck out of the water, Try to board a lifeboat, raft, or other floating platfonn or object as soon as possible in order to shorten the immersion time. Remember, you lose body heat many times faster in water than in air. Since the effectiveness of your insulation has been seriously reduced by water soaking, you must now try to shield yourself from wind to avoid a wind-chill effect. If you manage to climb aboard a lifeboat, shielding can be accomplished with the aid of a canvas cover or tarpaulin, or an unused gannent Huddling close to the other occupants of the lifeboat or raft will also conserve body heat.
nOJIOJKCI'IJ1e,KOTOooe BhI npHMI1TCIUilllJe, T"dKJKe OtIeHh BllJKHO .wIll coxp'~lHeHHlI TelUla CoxpaHllKl'(:: HenOl!8I1JKJIQCI1" no.n;rllIII1TC KOJleH!'! K ?KHBQ'D1, JIom rrpJ1JKMJ1Te K 6oKaM, a lJ)'l(]:I cKpeCTHTe BnepeJ!l1 Ha cnacarem,HOM JKHJICTC.B TaKOM nOJIOJKeIll1J1 IUIOIl!alJ,hreJIa KOHTlU<TI!jJYIOIllaJI c xOJIO,llHoa BOlloa MilllliMaJIhHa IIonbrraiITecb MPJKaTh roJI0l1Y.J1 IIIelO HM BOlloa. IIOIlbrraiITecb nO,llHJlThCli Ha IIIJIIOm<y, IUlOT, KaK)'IO-JllI6o lUlaBa!OUJ.Y!O TIJIarQJoPM)' IfJIIiI06beKT KaK MOJKHOCKOpee, 'IT06hI COKpaTIITb opeMli HaxOll<.QeHHllB BOlle. 3anoMHlITC, nOTepli TeIUIa B BOlle BOMIloro pa3 6hIcrpee tIeM Ha B03.n;yxe.IIoene HaxOJKl!eHHllD DOJJ,e, 3ljJqleKTIDlHOCTh TeIUI0H30JIlllJ,illlcepbC3HO yMeHhllleHa npoIIl'lTllllIIIeif OllC)lGly BOllOH, Tenepb Heo6xoJlHMO nOIlbmrJ:hCli )'KpbIThCli OT nerpa, '!T06hl H36eJKarb ero OXJIa>K.lJ:aJOIllero ~4K:KTa EcmI HaM YllaJIOCh no)J,HllTbCJl. Ha cnacarem,H)'!O lllJIIOm<y, 31'0 MOlKl-IO cllerurrh )'KphIBIIIHCb napycHI-IOH, 6pe3emoM IfJIIiI HeHCnOJlb3ODaHHoif oJJ,CJKJloa.COXpaHIITb TelUlO TCJlaTaKJKeMOJKHO TecHO npIDKaDUlliCb K 1!P)'illM lllOl!lIM HaXO)J,llIllHMClIHa lllJIIOIlKe1fJIlil1Ul0l)'.
BbllKMBaHMe
clothing, etc. If your clothing is wet, remove it, wring it out as dry as possible and put it back on.
In general, clothing should among survivors, but take special sick and injured. Waterproof or clothing should be made available lookout duty in the open.
be shared care of the windproof to those on
Assign one-hour watches in pairs, with one man on duty outside and one man on duty inside.
Outside
H3 KOMIUIeKTa cnacaTeJIbHOrO cHa6lKeHlill, JUIIIIH!OIO0.n:CJKJ!Y, H T.rr. ECm1 BaIIIa oJJ,ell<.Qa HaMOKJIa,BbIKpy:rHTe ee HacKOJIhKOCMOlKeTeH H8,lJ,eHhTeOllllTb. l1MelOJlJ,alICli o~ell<.Qa JJ,OJJJKHa 6bITb pa3lleJIeHa epC,llH cnacaJOIllHXClI, 0006)'10 3a6Ol)' cJIeJJ,yeT npOJIDHTb 0 60JIhHhIX Ii paHeHHhIX. BOJJ,oHerrpOlrnuaeMali Ii Henponyn8eMali o)],eJKl!a JJ,oJIlKim 6bITb nepe)J,lilia TeM, no BeJJ,eT HapyJKHoe Ha6JI!OJJ,eHlie. YCTllHODHTenaxTJ,1, B retIeHHe tIaea naxry HecyT )J,Ila tIeJIOBCKa O,ll,liH tIeJIOBCKBCJJ,eTHapyJKHoc Ha6lllO.n:eHHe,JJ,pyroif JJ,e>KypKf·BHYTPH.
3aAa'f11 HapYJKHoro Ha6nIOA8HMSI
a Look for ships, useful wreckage.
survivors,
aircraft
and
b. Flash the signalling mirror all around the horizon when there is sunshine. Someone else can see your mirror before you can see them.
a I1cKaTb cYJIa, .n:pyrnx cnacaJOIllHXClI, CaMOJIeTbl Ii rrJIaDaJOIllHe npeJ!MeTbr/06JIOMKH, KOTophIe MOlyI' 6bITb nOJle3HhIMH. b. KorJJ,a cocrnr COJIHlIe, BblCI1lBJlllTbCRrHaJIhHOC 3epKaJIO Ii rrOCblJIlITh orpalKeHlffl, MeHllJI HarIpa!lJIeHHll.Bani CIirHaJI MOJiCeT 6bTIb J8MC'ICH llIDKeTeM3, KOro BM caMH He DIi)J,J1Te. C. I1CKarb 3eMlllO. Ho'lblO, npHCJJYIIlIiBarhCli K 3B)'K)' npH60lI. 3aAa'fM AelKYpCrBaBttyTpl1
Inside
Surviving Inventory and shelter are high priorities. You must be sure that all survivors have found the liferaft or lifeboat, and make it a real shelter by insulating it against the cold. You must treat serious injuries and seek to prevent seasickness. And, you should examine the equipment and supplies carried aboard the liferaft, and read the' instructions for their use.
IIepnootIepeJJ,iIbIe 3Ma'lH - KOlITpOJIb3a HC110Jlb3ODaHHeM cnacar'eJn,Horo cHa6JKeHHlI H 06ecnetIeHHe )'KpbTmll. BhI llOJIJKHbIy6e.zum,c1l, '!TO 60JIbIIIe HHKOro He OCTaJIOCbD BOlle, a 3aTeM 3aKphITb IUlOT IfJIIiI IIIlllOllK)', 'IT06hI YRphIThCli OTXOJIo.n:aOKaJKJ1TenOMOlI.{hcepbC3HO paHeHHhlM H nocrapaifrech npeJJ,OTBparHTh MOpcKYJO6oJlC3HI>.llponcphTc o6oPYJJ,oBaHHe H' c!fcl6JKelme, KOTOph'C HaxO).(lITCli Ha IUIOl)', H3YtIHTCH1ICIPYKI (HHno HXIiCnOJlb30BllIDl!O.
npeAOTopal1\eHl1e nepeoxnaJIfAeHMSI
a Maintain the liferaft (bailing, ventilation, etc.) b. Attend to injury victims. c. Maintain equipment. d. Keep rations.
Water use
drying,
a 06CrryJKHBaTh IUIOT (DhItIepIlbmaTh DOJJ,y,OCYIIIaTb,DeHfHJIHP0BaTh, Ii T.n.) b. OKa3bIBarb I1OMOIllbpaHCHhlM. C. 06cJIYlKI'lBaTb o60pyJJ,oBaHHe. d. CJICJ!HTh3a PaIUfOHOMTIHTaHHlI.
P3CXOAOBaHMe nMTbeBOH BOAbI
Preservation
of body heat
Remember that cold is the greatest killer. Every attempt should be made to pump or ball out, and to dry out the interior by using thc sponges provided in the survival pack, exlnl
IIOMllI1"I'C 0 TOM, '/TO caMali rJlaDHali onacII 1'1. I\.IUI )I(H3111i- XOJIOJJ,.Heo6xOJlHMO lip' \IIPI1IUrIl, IJCC D03MOJKHOe,'IT06hI BbIKa'111'1'1. oW 01 IJhl'ICpllaTI> BOJJ,y,HCnOJIb3Yll ry6KH
Remember that water is a higher priority than food. You can probably live for weeks without food, but your survival will be measured in days if you have no water. Because the digestion of food drains needed water from your'body, don't eat if you have no water. Survival experts recommend that you begin drinking rationed quantities of water soon after boarding the liferaft, the amount depending upon how much you have been able to bring aboard. They suggest drinking one half of the daily ration at a time, rather than sipping very small quantities.
3anoMHHTC - Do.n:a IlIDKHee, tIeM npo.n:oBOJIhCTDHe. BpeMli B TetIeHHe KOTOpOro BhI CMOJKCTC DhiJKHTb6C3 ellbI COCTaBJIlieTHe,ll,eJIH, a 6e3 BO.n:bI- Deero HecKOJIbKO,lI,Heii. EcJIH y Bac HeT BO,lJ;bIrro(''Tapaifrecb .n:8lKe He =1>, 1l0T0M)' '!TO Ha I1]JollCCC llepenapHBaHHlI bcTlITKOBnHll(Ii 0PraIDl3M pacXOJJ,yeT DOJJ,y .. l1HcrpYKTOpbl no DhIlKlfllllHHlO peKoMeHJl.Y!OTHa'laTb nHTh HOpMIIpOBaHHbie KOJIlitIeCTBa BOt(L! IlCKope 1l0CJIe noC3J!KH, IIOplJ,HJI 3aDliCIiT OT Toro, CKOJIbKOBOJJ,bIHMeeTCli Ha IUI01Y Olm COBeTy!OT3a pa3 BhIIDlDlITbCpa3Y 1l0JlODHHYcyro'IHoif nOpllHli, a He llHTh MeJIKliMIi lJacTlIMli.
Thirst may be reduced by chewing on gum, or practically anything else. Drinking sea water will exaggerate thirst, promote water loss through the kidneys and intestines, and shorten your survival time. Under conditions of lack of water, urine is too toxic to drink and win also cut down your survival time. Alcohol will promote heat loss through the skin and water loss through the kidneys.
Use of the sea anchor or drogue
YyBCTBO)I(IDI(l.lhl MOlKHO YMeHbIilllTl>,ecJIlf )I(~BaTI,pe3RHK)', Hill! B006ute 'ITO-1IH6y.nh. Ynarpe6JleHHe MOpCKOi1 BO.L{hITOJIhKO YCWGmaeT JKliJI(.L{Y, yBeJM'IRBaer IJ<YrepHBO)l.b1 qepC3 110qKl1 Ii KHl1IeqHIDc.Moqa npH .ne<lJHwrre BO.L{h1 crdHOBIITCli CJIHIllKOMMOBIITOR, 'IT06hi ee IDlTh. AmcoroJlh YBeJlHqHBaeT I1OTepH Tel1Jla qepe3 KO)I(J H IJOTeplO BO.L{h1 qepC3 IJOl{KJ1. Bce :rro TOJlliKOCHH)I(aeTBanrn IlHlHChi Ha BLDKllilllHHe.
IIIcnanb30BaHMe I1IlaBY'lero f1KOPRMnM AJ)aot
Fire prevention and nature of fire
Good housekeeping
npeAOTBpauieHMe nO)KapOB "I npMpoAa OfHSJ
Tpe60BaHMfI no nOAAeplKaHMIO nOPRAKa
Your liferaft should have a sea anchor or drogue which is used to redllce the rate of drift away from the distress position, and thereby reduce the likely search area.
By varying the point of attachment, the drogue can be used to alter the position of the raft openings relative to the seas. The drogue can thus help you gain more shelter, or better ventilation.
Distress signals
IlrrOT .nOJDKeH6hITh oooPY.!lOBaH l1JlaBY'IHM lIKOpeM HJIIf .!lparoli, HX HCIlOJlb3)'1OT, qro6hl 3llMe;:I,JIIITI,.npei1!lJ Ii CJle.lloaarem,HO paCCTollHHe npoi1.D.eHHoeOT Mecra aBapHH, 3TO 06J1ePlaeT IlOHCKCJ)I(alI BepOllTHyIO 06JIacTh 110HCKa MeHllll TO'l:KYKpel1JlellHll l1JlaByqero lIKOpll, MOlKHO110BOpa'l:HBaThITJIOT,qro6hi H3MeHHTh IlOJIOlKeHHeBXOnOBI1J1OTaOTHOCHTeJlhHO MOpJl. TaR MOlKHO3lllltIrrIIThC»: 01' BeTpa HJII1, Hao60poT, yrryqIlMTh BelITHJIlIl{HIO.
CMfHanbl 6eACTBMfI
- Oil rags should be placed in covered metal cans and thrown away as soon as possible. - Oil-soaked clothing should not be worn by crew members. - Discarded packing materials should be disposed of immediately. - Flanunable should not be stored in crew quarters. - Oil soaked clothing or other flanunable should never be stored in crew lockers. - Paints, varnish and so forth should be stored in the paint locker when not in use, even if you'll need them again the next day. Containers should be inspected frequently for damage and leakage. - Leaks in fuel oil or tube oil piping, and spilled oil or grease, should be cleaned up immediately. Oil in bilges or on floor plates should be kept to a minimum. - Kerosene and solvents should be stored in proper containers and in approved spaces. The containers should be inspected frequently for damage and leakage. - Grease filter and hoods over galley ranges should be cleaned regularly.
The nature of fire (OXidation)
Sooner or later a ship will pass close to the survival craft and therefore it is important to keep an intense look-out day and night in order to attract attention at the night time by using the survival craft detection equipment.
>;;
In the daytime you should use the buoyant smoke signals, the daylight signalling mirror and the whistle. By night you should use the rocket parachute flares, the hand flares, the electric torch suitable for Morse ~ignalling, the whistle and the searchlight For all the detection equipment instructions are available, read them carefully.
PaBO HJIIf l1oonHO B6J1H3H Cl1acaTeJIhHoro cpe.n;crna 6yneT rrpoXO.ZJ;Irrhcy.ZJ;HO,HMeHHO 1103TOMY OqeHb BalKHO BecrH TutareJIhHOe Ha6JI1OneHHeKaR .ZJ;HeM, TaK H HOl{£,1O ,1J.JIlI TOro, qro6h1 npRBJIel{£, BHHMaHHe B HYJKHblli MOMeRT, licnoJIb3Yll cpencma 06HapJ)l(eHMJI, HMelOIUHecliHa cnacareJlhHhIX Cpe.llCTBlIX. B .ZJ;HeBHOe BpeMli 113McJIe.l\YeT HCn0Jlb30BlITh l1JlaByqHe .lJ.hIMOBhlelllaIIIKl1, CBeTOCHrHaJIhHOe 3epKlll10 H CBHCTOK. B HO'lHoe BpeMli crre.l\YeTHCn0Jlh30BaTh naparmanllile paRerbI, !lJaJllilll!lJeliephI, 3JIeKrpHqecKl1e 410HapH, npe!\H~HaqeHHble,!1illl nOnal{J1 Cill1laJJOBMOp3e, CBI1CTOK 11IlOHCKOBhle OI1ll1. l1Jm BceX cpe.ucrn 06Hapy?KeHMJIHMeJOTCJl B )lOCraTO'IHOM KOJIHqecTBeP)'KOBOllCrBa 110 HX l1CnOJlh30Bill1l110, npo'ooali HXBlIHMare.1IhHO.
- ITpoMacJleHHalI BeTOllIh .lIOJDKHa xpamm.CliB 3aKpLIBlIJOIUHXCJl MeTaJJJlHqecKHX eMKocrJIX H yotJIH3HpOBaThClI,KaRMOlKHO CKopee. - lJJIeHbI KOMaH.L{h1 He .lIOJIlKHbI HOCl1Tb npoMacJIeHHYlO onClK.l\Y. - CJle.l\YeT HeMeJUIeHHO H36aB.rnm.CJI OT HeHYJKHbIX YIlaKOBOqm,IXMarepHaJJOB. - OrneorraCHhle BeutecrBa He nOJIlKHbI XPaHHTbCJIB )I(HJlOHqacTH HaLlCTpoliKH. - 3anpeutaeTCli xpamrn, B PYH.l\YKaxllpoMaCJIeHHYlO O.llClK.l\YHJII1 KaKHe-JlH60 orneonaCHble BelI\ecroa. - KpacKl1, JlaKH H T.n. 110CJle OKOH'l:aHI1lI pa60Thi .lIOJIlKHbI 6hITb B03BpanreHbI B MaJIJlPHylO KilaLlOBYIO, .lIalKe, ecJIH BbI 6Y.llere HJ)I()laThCli B HHX CHona Ha cJle.l\YlOIUHli .lIeHb. EMKOCTH.lIOJDI\lIbIperymlpHo OCMarpHllln'bCJl Ha Ilpe.ZJ;MeT nOBpelK.l\eHHli HJII1npOTeKaHHH. - ITpareQKl1 B TOITJIHBHbIXH MacJIillIhIX TPy60I1poBO.n;ax, a TaKlKe Pa3JIRBhI TOI1JIHBa HJIIf MaCJIa nOJIlKHbI HeMeJUIeHHOy6HpaThCJl. YpOBeHh B C60pHHKaX npareqeK 11nOMOHax nOJDKeHnOMeplKHBlIThCli Ha MHHHM)'Me. - KepocHH H PacTBOPHTeJIH 1l0JIlKHbl coXPaHllThCJlB HanrrC)l(auteH Tape H B pa3pellleHHhIX Mecrax. EMKOCTH .lIOJIlKHbIperyJlllpHO oCMaTpHBlITLCJl Ha Ilpe.ZJ;Mer nOBpelK.l\eHHliHJIH npoTeKaHHH. - <l>11Jlli TPLI H BLITJIlKKH Hall KaM6y3HhIMH I1JlIITaMHnOJIlKHbIperyJlllpHO OqHutaThCli.
npMpOAa nOlKap&(OKMcneHMe)
Fire or combustion is rapid oxidation in which a fuel turns to vapor and mixes with oxygen at a very high rate of speed. Byproducts of the process are heat and light, or flame.
The fire· tetrahedron
ropeHHe HJIH83phlB )TO 6blC:rpoe OKHCJleHI1e npl1 KOTOpOM roplOqee I1cnapJleTCli H pearnpYeT C KHCJlOP0.llOM OqeHb 6hICTpO. ITo60QHble fIjJ0.l\YKThlPeaK1IIDl - TeI1JlOH CBeT, HJII1l1JlaMll.
nl-tpaMMAa ~OpeHMfI
A tetrahedron iSa solid figure with four triangular faces. It shows the four things required
f111paMH.lIa- )I(ecrKaJ! !lJwypa C qeTblpLMlI TpeyroJIhHhIMH rpaHllMl1. OHH CHMBOJIH3H-
for combustion: fuel (to vaporize and bum), oxygen (to combine with the fuel vapor), heat (to raise the vapor to its ignition temperature) and the chain reaction (the chemical reaction among the fuel, oxygen and heat).
pYJOT 'lCTbl]Je KOMllOHeHTllHe06xo):(I'IMble ,llJllI ropeHIDl: TOnRimo ('IT06bl ItcnapJITbCR H ropCTb), KHCJIOpOJ\('!T06bl pearnpolllITb C Hcna· peHHbIM TOnJlliBOM), BblCOKIDI TeMneparypa (tff06bI J\OBeCTH napbl .l\O TeMneparyphl B03ropaHIDl)It~~IDIP~H(~~ec~ peaKUID! MeJK1IY TOI1JllIBOM H KHCJl<>pOJIOM, npOHCXOID!lllIDI npH BbICOKOM: TeMneplfIYPe).
caMonpoM3BonbHoe BOCnnaMeHeHMe
Charging
storage
batteries
3aPfl,[\Ka aKKYMY1UITopoB
Spontaneous
ignition
Spontaneous combustion is often overlooked as a cause of fire aboard ship, yet it can occur within many common materials. Oil-soaked rags in a wann, unventilated comer are all it takes to cause a fire. When electrical equipment wears out, is misused or is poorly wired. Numerous vessel crew member left a quarters. As the ship combustible material with the hot bulb and fires have started when a lamp lit in unoccupied rolled, curtains or other came in direct contact ignited.
CaMoB03ropaHHe 'lacro CUIHOBHTCIInpH'lIffiOH nO)J(llJ)a Ha 6op1Y CY.l\Ha, caMOBOCIlJIllMeHHTbClIMOI)T MHorne 06bI'lHble MarepHaJlbI. TIP~IDlOH nOlKapa MOlKCT CTlITbBeTOIIlb B TefIJIOM,HeBeHTHJ\ItPyeMoM yrny. Koma 3J1eKlpH'lecKoe o6opY.l\oBaHHe H3HaIIlliB3efClI, HenpaBHJlbHO 3KCIlJI)'lITItPyercR HJIHnpoBO)\Ka He COOTBeTCTBYCT rpe6oBaHIDlM. roPRlI\alI JIaMna, OCTaaJIeHHalI'lJIeHOM3KHnaJKa B nyCTOHKaI<>Te, CTaJla npH'lIffiOH MHornx CY.l\OBblXnOlKapoB. TIplt Ka'lKe, 3llH3BeC ItJIH '!\pyroH roPJO'IIlli Marepl'I!lJI npHKOCHYJICR HenocpeJ\CTBeHHOKJIaMne Ii BOCflJlaMeHHJIClI.
MaWMHHoe OTA&Jl&HMe
When storage batteries are being charged, they emit hydrogen, a highly flammable gas. Amixture of air and between 4.1% to 74.2% hydrogen by volume can be explosive. Hydrogen is tighter than air and will rise as it is produced. If ventilation is not provided at the highest point in the battery charging space, the hydrogen will collect at the overhead. Then, any source of ignition can cause an explosion and fire.
Smoking
TIplt 3apll.l\Ke aKKYMyJlllTOpOB Bbl.l\eJIllCTClI 'IpC3BbI'laM:HO orneonacHbIH ra3 - BOJ\OPOJ\. CMecb B03nyxa!oJ 4.1-74.2% BOJ\op0.l\a MOJKCT 6brrb B3pbIBoonacHoH. Bo.l\0p0.l\ ner'le B03.l\Yxa JolnOJlHJolMaerCR,KaK TOJIbKO npOH3BeJ\eH. ECIm B CaMOH BbICOKOM: TO'lKe aKKYMYJIlITOPHOM:He 060pYllOBaHa BeHrl1JIllI{liJl, BO.l\0P0.l\ 6YJ\CT HaKa.rIJIHBaTbCSI. Tor.l\a, mo60H HCTOqHHKorHll MOlKCT BbI3BaTb B3pbIB H nOlKap.
KypeHHe
Careless smoking is a key fIre hazard. Ashtrays should be emptied into metal containers with lids, not cardboard boxes used as trash containcrs. In hazardous areas, no smoking warnings should be posted and observed. Smoking in bed should ~ prohibited.
IlpH'lJolHOR MHorl1X nOlKapoB CTaHOBIITClI He6pelKHoe ~HHe. IleneJIbHJolllbI llOiIJl(HbI OnOpOlKHRTbClI B MCTa.J1JlliLlecKHe 6aKR C KpbnnKaMJol, a He B KapTOHHble Kop06KH. B 1l0JKapOOnaCHbIX MeCTax CJle.l\YCTYCTllHOBHTb npeJ\OCTepClKeHIDI H KOmpOIDl:pOBaTb I1X CO6mo.l\eHHe. KypeHHe B nOCTeJJlIJ\OJllKHO6bITb 3anpemeHO. CKpblTble nO>Kapbl
Engine rooms
Cylinders used to contain gas or other hazardous substances (whether full, or empty) should be stowed on open decks. Valves, pressure regulators and pipes leading from the cylinders should be protected from damage.
liaJIJlOHbI no.l\ .lIaBJIeHHeM C ra30M IDlli .l\pyntMH onacHblMIi BemecTBllMH (KaK 3arI0JIHeHHble, TaR It nycrble) CJle.l\YCTxpaHHTh Ha OTKpbITbIX nally6ax. KJIanaHbl, peryJIllTOPbI ,L\aBJIeHIDI Ii IIlJIaHrn OT6mOHoB Heo6XOJIHMO <Jgeperarb OTnoope)J()\eHHii.
Before a compartment or bulkhead door is opened to check for fire, the door should be examined. Discolored or blistered paint indicates fire directly behind the door. Smoke puffing from cracks at door seals or where wiring passes through the bulkhead is also an indication of fire. The bulkhead or door should be touched with the back of a bare hand. If it is hotter than normal, it is probably hiding a fIre.
Do not open a door hiding a fIre until help and a charged hoseline are at hand. Fire extinction Upon outbreak of fire immediately the nearest fire alann button and call: press
ECJIH eCTb nOJ\03peHHe Ha 1l0lKap, npC)J()\e qeM OTKpbITbrrepe60poLIHYJO .l\oepb JolJIH llBepb B nOMemeHHe ee He06xo,URM:0OCMOrpCTb. 06eCUBCQeHHalI HIm ny3bI]JRmallCSI KpacKa roBOpHT 0 TOM, '!TO orOHb HaxO.l\HTCSI npSIMO 3a llBepbJO. ):{I.IM Kny611mHi1:cSIH3 .l\BCpHbIX meneH liJIH B Mecrax rJ\e 3neKlponpOBO)\Ka rrpoXO.l\HT CKB03b nepe60PKY TaKlKe llBJUlCTClI npH3HaKOM nOlKapa. CJle.l\YCTllOTp0HYTbCJIllO nepe60pKI1 I1JHI llBepH TbJJlbHOH crOpOHOM: nazroHH. ECRif OHa ropJlLJee qeM 06bI'lH0, eCTb BepOllTHOCTbnOJKapa. He OTKpbfBaiITe .l\Bepb 3a KOTOPOHHaxO.l\IITClInOlKap, nOKa He npli6y.l\CT nOMOII.{b11He 6Y.l\eT nO.l\roToBneH nO:>KapHbIH IIIJIiIHf. TyweHHe nO>Kapa 06Hap}?KHLl B03ropaHlfe HeMellIJeHHO HalKMH6JlJ1)I{ai-imylo KHOnK}'nOlKapHOH rpeBorn 11co06u!I1 06 3TOM: - BaxTeHHoMy Olf!Huepy Ha MOCl'HKe - BaxTeHHoMy o(fll1l~epy B MaIlllffl)'. TIpoMellIJel-lJoleC CH.rHaJIOM rpeBorn 06bI'l-
- the duty officer on the bridge - the duty officer in the engine room. A delay in sounding the alarm usually a1-
When you sound the alarm, be sure to give the exact location of the fire, including the compIDtment and deck leveL It confirms the location (or the vessel's fire, p,arty and gives them information regarding the type of fire to expect. Tj1e exact location may indicate the need to shut down certain fuel, electric, and ventilation systems, and it indicates what doors and batches must be closed to isolate the fire. Steps shall be taken to ensure that all persons near the scene of fife are warned and if necessary assisted to a safe position.
Basic rules: - limit spreading ofthe fire, - cool the material aflfe, - cut off airsupply.
Destroying the fire tetrahedron
HO npl1BOlurr K TOMy, 'lTO MaJleHbKHH rro)f(ap CTaHOBIITCJr60JJ1,UII1M. 06MIRllJIli TPeBOry Bbl .ll.OJDKHbl C006LUIITb TO'lHoe MecTO ITO)f(apa, BKJlIO'lali ITOMelIlelllle H nany6y. Bbl. co06LUaere MCCTO B03ropaHllil nOlKapHoH naPTillt H .ll.aere l1Hcj!OPMa1U'!IO 0 TOM, 'lero 11McJIeD.)'eT OJKJ1J~aI'b.BblJlCHllercJI, eCTb 00 Heo6xo.ll.HM0CTbB BhIKJlIO'leHIDIKaI<HX0060 yqacTKOB TOllJIHBHbIX, BeHTllJIllUHOHHbIXCI1CTeM 11:meKTjXJ06opY.ll.omUIIDI11KaKl1e ,!IBep1111 KpbUllKl1.ll.OJI)I(ffi,I 6brrb 3aKpbITbI, 'fro6bI 1130OOpOBaI'brrO)f(ap. CJIe.ll.yer ITpe.ll.ITpHHlITb MepbI K TOMy, 'lT06bl y6e.ll.I1TbCli B TOM, '11'0 Bce JIlIl\a B6JII1311 oqara ITOlKapa OITOBeLUCHbl11, ecnl1 31'0 He06xOll11M0, OKa3aTb 11MITOMOIllbH BblBeCTH B 6e30ITaCHOe MeC'l'O. OCHOBHbIe npaal1JIa: - orparIl1'lb pacnpoCTpaHeHllC OfHll, - OXJIillKllaHropJILUl1e npe.ll.MCTbI - orpelKb llOe:ryn B03.nyxa
Pa3pyweHlIIe nlllpaMIIIAbi ropeHIIISl
CpeACTBa TYweHlIISl
Fire in:
rOp~utl11i1 MATEPl1AIl A. Solid materials such as wood fabrics, ropes accommodation
Is normally best extinguished
flYlfWEE
using:
CPEJ,lCTBO TYWEHl1~
Water(Foam may also be used)
BOlla (MO)f(CT HCn0JIb30BaTbCJIneHa)
A. IlJI01'Hble MarepHaJlhl TaKHe KaKllpeBecl1Ha, TKaIrn, rpOCbI, BepeBKH, ITOMeLUeHllil
B. Inflammable liquids such as oil, petrol and fatty substances Foam, carbon dioxide (C02), dry powder or sand. If the fire is not too serious, water fog (fog nozzles) may be used.
B. BOCnJlBMeHJIJOIlllfeCJI:JKI1.ll.KOCTI1 TaKHe KaK MaCJIa, rOpIOqee 11npoMacJleHHble MaTepl1aJ1hl
neHa, yrJIeKHCJI01'Hble (C02) 11nopomKOBble orneT)'llJ= HJIHnecoK. ECJIlI BOCI1J1BMeHeHlIe He BCJIlIKO,MO)f(]1O I1CITOJIb30BaTb .paCITbIJIeHHyIO BOD.)'(BOllopacITbIJIlITCJIlI)
C02, dry powder or Halon.
C. Electrical installations
3JleKrpWleCKHe Marnl1Hbl 11npl160phI
D. Inflammable Vapours
CO2, ITOPOllJKOBhleHJIHXJlB.QOH.
C02, dry powder or Halon.
BOCTUlBMeHJIJOIl.\l1ecJI lIaph[ Portable fire extinguishers
CO2, 1I0POllJKOBbieI1JIlIXJIa,uOH. nepeHOCHble orHeTywMTellM IIepeHocHble omeryurn:reJIl1 MOryl' 6bITb JIerKO 1l0craaneHbI K MeCT'j nO)f(apa, '11'0 no3BOJIJIeT 6bICTPee Ha'laTh TYllJeHlle, HO OHI1 COlleplKar JII1llJb orpaHl1'leHHOe KOJll1qeCTBO cpellCTBa llJIJI TyuIeHllil. OHO 6b1CTPO pacxoD.)'CTCJI,npO.ll.OJIlKHTeJIhHO(''1'b .ll.ei1CTBllilnepeHOCHbIX orneryurn:reneli OKono 8 ceJ<YHll. IT03TOMY, BlI:JKHO nOllroTOBlITb 1l01l0JIHJITeJIhHble orHeTyuIlITeJIH HJIH ITO)f(apHbrn WJlaI!r. Toma, eCJ1I1np01130H.nCT OTKa3 ITepBOrO orneTYlUHTeJIli I1JIl1cpellCTBa .ll.JIJl'I)'llJeHllil B HeM OKB)f(erCJI Hellocra:rOqHO, 1l0nOJIHJITeJIhHble omcrywl1l'eJIH I1UH110lKapHbID llJnaIIf MO)f(HO 6YlleT I1CnOJlh30BaTb, qT06bl 3aKOH'IlITb pa60TY. TlIInbl OrHeTYWKTeneH
A fire can be put out by destroying the fire tetrahedror.. If the fuel, oxygen or heat is removed, the fire will die out, if the chain reactions is broken, the reduction in vapor and heat will put out the fire.
IIo)f(ap MOlKHOITOT)'llllITb, pa3pyrnl1B IllIpBMHJJ.Y ropeHllil. Ecoo yllaJJllTb TOnJIl1BO I1JIlI ITpeKparl1Tb nocryruleHHe KI1CJIOP0.ll.a,I1JII1nOHH311TbTeMITeparypy nJIaMJI noraCHer, ecoo ueITHali peaKl\I1lI pa30pBaHB, YMeHbllJeHHe l1CnapeHllil H Clffi)f(eHl1e l'eMITeparypbl npHBe.ll.cr K TOMY, '11'0 TUlaMJIHoracHCT.
lfeT1blpe cnoco6a nOraCKTb oroHb:
Four ways to put out a fire:
- remove the fuel; _ remove the air with a smothering agent like CO2 or foam; - remove the heat with water; - or break the· chain reaciion with dry chemical'or Halon.
- Y.ll.aJll1Th fOpIOqee; - npeKparHTb 1l0C'l)'n KHCJIOpOlla l'yumIllI1MHareHTBMl1, KaK CO2 HJIHneHa; - nOHl13HThTeMnepaJ-ypy BOllOH; - pa3PYllIlITh ueITHYIOpeaKiu-oo cyxoi1 XliMl1eiiiI1JIHXaJlOHOM.
Portable extinguishers can be carned to the fire area tor a filst attack, but they contain a limited supply of extinguishing agent. The agent is quickly used up, and continuous application can exhaust the extinguisher in as little as 8 seconds. For this reason, it is important to back up the lead extinguisher with additional extinguishers or a hose line. Then, if the first extinguisher fails or does not have enough agent to put the fIre out completely, the additional extinguishers or the hose line can be used to finish the job.
Classes of fire extinguishers
~
Every portable and semiportable extinguisher is classified in two ways, with one or more letters and a numeral. The letter or letters indicate the classes of fires on which it may be used. These letters correspond to the four classes of fires. For example, Class A extin-
Bce n0p11\TI1IlHhle 11 ITOJIynOpTal'l1BHble omeryUII1TeJlI1 MapKl1pYl<Yrcll.ll.BYMJIrpynnaMIf CI1MllOJlon: O.ll.HOI1 I1JIl1J~BYMlI6yKBBMI1 11 lll1cj!pol1. E)'Klla I1JIH 6yKBb[ nOKa3hIBlU01' llJIJI TYllJeHHlI KaKHx KJIaCCOB nO)f(apOB npellHa3Ha'leH orHC'IYI.lIl1TeJlb. 3TH 6)'KBbI COOTBerCTBy-
guishers may be used only on Class A fires those involving common combustible materials. Class AB extinguishers may be used on fires involving wood, diesel oil or both.
The numeral indicates the relative size or efficiency of the extinguisher. For example, a 4-A extinguisher will extinguish twice as much Class A fire as a 2-A model.
C02 Extinguishers
IOf "IeThlpeM KJlaCcaM nOlKapOB. Hanpl1Mep, OfHe1YUIlrrellll nll1a A npemm3Ha"leHhI .n.llH TYllleHIiSI nOlKapoB KJlacca A ropelllie 06hfllHhIX roplO"IIiX MaTepmlJlOB. OrHeryulIiTellll nma AB MOlKHOHCnOnh30BaTh, KaK .n.AA TyllleHIDlllepeBa, TaK 11.n.H3enhHOrOTOnllllBa. Umppa nOKa3hIBaer OTHOCl1TenhHhlHpa3Mep I1lll1 3epepeKTl1BHOCTb ofHerYIlurreAA. Hanpl1Mep, npH T)'llleHHl1 nOlKapa KJlacca A orj-1e1YIJ.llfiCJIh nlIla 4-A 6y.n.er pareH IIO 3epepeKTI1BHOCHI.uBYM THIIa 2-A.
OrHetywKTem" C CO2
the propellant gas, which forces the extinguishing agent up to the nozzle. The flow of dry chemical is controlled with the squeezegrip On/Offnozzle at the end of the hose. Test the discharge momentarily before you approach the fire - extinguishers don't always work. Stay low and direct the discharge at the seat of the fire, starting at the near edge. The stream should be moved from side to side with rapid motion, to sweep the fire off the fuel. On a weather deck, the fire should be approachcd from the windward side jf at all possible.
The extinguisher is carr:ied to the fire in an upright position. Its short mnge means that the operator must get fairly close to the flTe. The extinguisher is placed on the deck, and the locking pin is removed. The discharge is con~ trolled either by opening a valve or by squeezing two handles together. The operator must grasp the hose and not the discharge horn. 11le CO2 expands and cools very quickly as it leaves the extinguisher. The horn gets cole enough to frost over and cause severe frostbite (3). Remember that CO2 displaces oxygen. When a CO2 extinguisher is used in a confined space, the operator must guard against suffocation by wearing breathing apparatus, or by immediate evacuation.
CartridglH>perated Dry Chemical Extinguishers
OfHe1Yllll1TCJIh yJIeplKI1Bae"rcll B nepcaepHYTOM1I0nOlKeHHl1.Ero Manhrn Pa.n.HYc.n.eM.CTBHlI 03Ha"laer, 'ITO 'iCJIOBeKOCYIllCCTBAAIOIllI1H lyrneHI1e .n.OJIlKeHnpOOJIl13HThCSI K orHIO KaK MOlKHO6lll1JKc. OrnefYllll1TCJTh 1I0MelllaIOT Ha naJly6y H YllaJIllKH npeAoxpamrre.jlbH)'1O 'ieKY. Hanop pcryllllpyercll npl1 IIOMOI.WIKllarraHa, IDl.M CTeneHhIOCJKlmISI.uByxpY"!eK. qenoBcK ocyw:ecrBJISIIOW:11H TYIlIeHRe JIo.1J.JKeH .n.eplKaThcSI3a lllIJaHr, a He 3a pOlKOK. CO2 BbIXomrr H3 orneTYllll1TeAA H O"leHh 6blCTpO oxnalKllaerCSI npR paCllll1peHHl1. P:)lKOK CTaHOBI1TCll.n.oCraTO'lHO XOnOJIHhIM, 'IT06hl npl1Becrn K Cepbe3HoMY 06MOpOlKeHI11O (3). llOMIDfI"e0 TOM,'iTO CO2 3aMelllaer Kl1cnopo.n.. Korlla CO2 IiCnOnh3YercSIB orpaHI1'ieHHOM npocrpaHcrae, 'lenOBeK ocymecrBnlllOIllI1H T)'llleHfle, 'iT06bi fl36elKaTb YJIYllIbSI,.n.OJllKeH BOCn0nh30BaTbClI llbIXaTeJIhHhIM armaparoM IDl.M HeMenneHHO noKJ1HYTbnOMew:eHI1e.
OrHelYWI'ITeml C CYXI'IMI'I XI'IMI'lKaTaMI'I C naTpOHOM
6aJmOHa BbIXO.n.HT ra3, 06pa30BaBllleecll BH)'TPfl ornC1YJinrrenSI .n.aBneHHe Bbffil.JIKlffiaer 'iepe3 corum TylllaIuee Bew:ecrno. CrpYSI CyxHXXHMRKarOBBKJlIO'laercSI,BhIKJllO'iaeTCllH ynpaBJllIeTCSI peryJllip)'IOlUl-IM ycrpOHCTBOM c connOM, KOTOpoe Hax01UlTC1IHa KOHUellIJJaHra. I1CIlbITaHTe OrHe'JY!flliTenh rrepe.n. flCn0nh30HaHflCM BKnIO'iI1Bem Ha MrnOaeHI1e - orneryllll1TClII-I He BCerJIa pa6oTaJor. IIpHcll.ll.bTC 11 HanpaBTe crpYlO K OCHOBaHHlO nnaMeHl1, Ha'iaB err 61lIDKHeM. Kpall. DhI<''TphIMl1JlBHlKeHHllMRnepeMelllaHTe CTpYlO ill CTOPOHhIB croPOH)', "IT06bl c6i1Tb nnaMSI. Ha OTKpbITOM. nany6e JlY"Illle T)'I.IlliTh omHh c HaaerpeHHOH cropoHhI, eCllll TIO Bo06111eB03MOlKHO.
OrHetyWKTelll'1 C CYXI'IMIIIXI'IMI'lKaTaMI'I nOA AaB11eHl'leM
Stored-pressure Dry Chemical Extinguishers
Stored-prcssure dry chemical cxtinguishers come in the same sizes as cartridge-operated types. They have the same ranges and durations of discharge and are used in the same way. The only differences are that the propellant gas is mixed in with the dry chemical in the storedpressure type, and the extinguisher is COr'.trolled with a squeeze-grip trigger on the top of the containcr. A pressure gauge indicates the condition of the charge.
Halon extinguishers
OfHeTYlllHTellll C Cyxl1MR XI1MHKaTaMI-I no.n. .n.aBneHHeMl1MelOf Te lKe pa3Mephl, '1TO 11 Mo.n.enH c nlrrpOHoM. OHI1 l1MelOf TaKOH JKe panf:\Yc .L\CM.CTBHlI, npo.n.OJIlKHTeJIhHDcrbpa60Tbl 1-1npRMeHlllOTcSI aJla.nOrl1'iHO. Pa31lliLJl-le 3aK1lJO'iaerCSIB TOM, LITOnn C03.uaIOIUHH.n.aBneHI1e HaxO.n.I1TCliBMeCTe C cyxmrn XRMHKaTaMIl H npOR3Bo.n.HTCJIhHOCfh ynPaBnlIercSI pcrynHPylOlll11M ycrpoHCTBOM B BepXHeH 'iacTI-I orHeTyllll1TenSI. MaHOMerp nOKa3hrnaer COCTOlIHI1e 3aPSI.!l.Kl1.
OrHetyWKTelll'1 COAeplKaU(l'Ie XaIlOH
The extinguisher is carried aJ}d used at an angle slightly forward of the veJ1ical:The ring pin is removed, and the puncturing lever is depressed with a blow from the palm of the hand. Be sure the screw-cap at the top of the extinguisher is pointed away from you when you activate the extinguisher in case it has been improperly secured. It could blow up in your face. .Depressing the puncturing lever releases
OrHeTylllHTCJIh .n.eplKaT BepTI1KanhHO, HeMHOro,HaKJIOHI1B Bnepe.u. npe.n.OXpaHl1TeJIhHalI 'ieKa YllaJlel-Ia H nyCKOBOH phl'iar onYllleH y.n.apOMnanOHI1. llepe.n. TeM KaK aKTlffiHPOBaTb OfHeT)'llJRTenb, y6e.mrreCb, 'ITO KOllila'lKOBall rafiKa HaXO.!l.lllllallCllcBepxy, HanpllBJIeHa B CTOpOH)'0'1' Bac, Ha C'lYLIaH,eCllll OHa nJlOXO 3aKpefIJleHa. OHa MOlKer BblJlereTb BaM B nHilO. nocne HalK~rrflll Ha. nyCKOBOH phfllar H3
The extinguisher is carried to the fire, and the locking pin is removcd. The discharge is controlled by squeezing the control valve carrying handle. The Halon should be directed at the seat offire and applied with a slow, side-toside motion, it should be directcd at the source of an electrical fire.
Foam extinguishers
OfHerYIllHTCnh npI-IHOCSIT K Mecry nOlKapa fl y.uanlllOT npc.n.oXpaHflTeJIhH)'lO qeKY. IlpoH3Bo.n.HTeJlhHOCTb peryJIlipYlOT ClKI1MalIPYKOlITK)', CB1l3aI-lH)'IO c ynPaBJISIIOW:HM KJlarraHOM. XanOH CJlCllyer HanpaBJlSITh B OCHOBaHI1erlJlaMeHH, Mc.n.Jlel-IHO rrepeMelUalI C1'PYIOfl3 CTOpOHbl,B cropOIly" rrpH T)'llleHIfJ-I 3neKl'Poo60py.n.OBaHlill-lia IiCl"OLIHI1K BOCnnaMeHeHflSI.
neHHble OfHetyWI'ITelll11
Foam extinguishers are carried to the fire right" side up, then inverted to mix the solution and fonn liquid foam plus CO2 gas. The CO2 acts as thc propellant and fills the foam bubbles, and the liquid foam expands to about 8 times its original volume.
IIeHHhlC orllcrYWI1TCJll-I .n.eplKar BCpTflKaJIbHO, :k1TCMIIcpclJOpa411 Ilillor, Lrro6bl cMelliarb lKI1.!l.KOCIH)JJHI 06P<tlOIk'UII111 )KlilJ.l(OH neHbl fl CO2. C~ C03J.\aerIlc06XO)~I1Moe )~aruleHl1efl 3all0JIHlIeI 11Y3hipbl01 nCllh~ lKl-!J.(KlIlIneHa YBeJll-ILll1BaeTClI .n.o 8 pa3, omOCHTCJlhllOlIaLlaJlhHOroo6beMa
To avoid scattering the foam or the liquid, foam should be applied gently on burning liquids by «bouncing» it off a nearby surface and allowing it to run down onto the liquid until the entire surfaces covered. If the fire involves ordinarywmbustibles, apply the foam as a blanket, or use the force of the stream to cover the seat ofthe fire.
Fixed fire extinguishing systems
41'061,1 M36elKa1'b pm6pb13rnBaHllil neHbI illIH ropllIlleH lKH,UKOCTH, neHy cJle.llYeT HaHOCHTb OcrOpOlKHO, mmpaamlll crpYJO Ha 6J1M3JlelK3lIl)'IO nOBepXHOCTh Tal<, qT06hI OHa creKana c Hee Ha ropllIllYJO lKillIKOCTbnOKa He nOKpOeT Beeb oqar nOlKapa.EcJIM roPllT 06bJqHble rOpIOqHe MaTepHaJJbl, HcnoJlb3yme neny lOll! c0311aHIDInOKpoBa HJIMCHny CrpYH, qT061>IC6HTbOroHb. CraLlMOHapHble CIIICTeMbl TYweHI1Sf
4) An examination has been made to see if the vessel has been damaged by the fire. High temperatures can cause decks, bulkheads and other structural members to warp or become structurally unsound. 5) Any necessary dewatering procedures have been started. 6) A muster has been conducted to account for all personnel. Medical emergencies at sea - First of all check for airway, breathing and circulation (heartbeat). - Gently shake the victim's shoulders and shout to see if he is conscious. - If you are alone, call for help. - Position the victim on his back on a hard, flat surface. A victim with suspected neck injuries who is lying on his stomach needs his neck stabilized as you roll him on his back.
4) Ol\eHKy nOBpeJi\l1eHHli nOJ1y'leHHbIX CyllllOM B pe3YJlbTaTe nOlKapa I10ll 11eHCTBMe BblCOKOH TeMIlepaTYIJbI nany6bl, nepe60pKH 11 llPyrne CTPYKTYPHbIe3JleMeHThl MOfyT lle<jJOpMHpOBa1'bCJI I1J1H nOTepllTb Ha,u,elKHOCTb. 5) ITpe.unpHHIITbl He06xonHMble neHCTBHJI no oCYUIelrn:Jo. 6) KarntTaH npOBeJI nOBepI<)' Bcero 3KHnaJKa. 3KcTpeHHbie MeAMl.\MHCKMe cny'faM B Mope - B nepByIO Oqepellb npOBepbTe npoxollHMOCTh JlbIXaTeJlbHbIX nyreH, .ubIXaHHe 11 KpoBo06pameIDIe (cep11l\e6HeIDIe). - 110TpYCHTe nocrpa,u,aamero 3a nne'll1 H nOIlbITaRreCb nOHIITbB C03HaHHI1JIMOH. - ECJIMBbI OllHH,n030BHTe Ha nOMOmb. - y JlOJKHTenocrpa,u,aBIDerO Ha CnHHY Ha lKeCfK)'lO npllMYIO nOBepXHOCTh. [loC'rpallaBmeMY, Y KOTOpOro MOlKeT6bITh nOBpeJi\l1e~IHe IDeM 11 Koropbrn JleJKHTHa lKHIIOTe,.Hco6xol~HMO3a¢HKcHpoBaTb UICIOnepc.u TeM, KaKero nepeBOpa'fMBaTb Ha cnHHY.
IIIcKYcCTBeHHoe AblxaHllle
Engine rooms and other high risk spaces should be fitted with carbon dioXide or Halon 130 I fixed tire extinguishing systems.
MamHHHble O1'lle.ileHIDIHllpyrne onacHble B nOlKapHOM o1'HOllieIDIH nOMemeIDIJl ll0JIlKHbI 6bn'b 060PYllOBaHbI CTaIlliOHaplIbIMH CHCTeMaMH 'I)'llIeHIDI C yrJleKHCJlbIM fll30M HJIH XanoHOM 1301.
BOAl!
Water
The ability to absorb huge amounts of heat and the ready availability of water at sea make it an ideal extinguishing agent for use aboard ship. There are some additional side benefits that water has as an extinguishing agent When water flashes to steam it expands approximate~y 1,700 times its original liquid volume. The expanding steam acts to reduce the oxygen content in the flame area This steam smothering effect is temporary since the velocity of the gases in the flame area tend to pull thc steam upward with the escaping ga'>Cs. When the fire is out Before a fire can be considered out, the onscene leader must ensure that certain essential steps have been taken. These include: 1) A thorough examination of the fife area to ensure that all potential paths of fire spread have been examined. 2) All smoke and combustion gases have been removed through ventilation. 3) A reflash watch has been established.
Cnoco6Hocrb nOrnOmaTb orpoMHoe KOJIHqCCfBOTenJlOTbI H HaJJHqHCBcerlla Ha roTOBC MOpCKOMBOllbI 11CJlaIOT ee l1llealbHbIM cpellcr80M lOll! 'I)'llIeHIDI Ha 60pry cynOB. B KaqeCfBe Cpell'-"TBa lOll! 'I)'llIeHIDI BOlla HMeeT pJlll nOJlC3HbIX CBoMem. Kor.a.a BOlla npeBpamaeTCJI B nap, OHa paclliHpJleTCJI npH6JlH3HTeJlbHO B 1700 pm, OTHOCHTeJIbHO HCXOllHOro 06beMa 80111,1.I1pHCyTCrBHe BOllJlHOro napa CHHlKaeT cOllepJKaHHe KHCJlOpOlla B oqare nOlKapa. flOT 3¢¢eKT raIJleHIDI napOM BpeMeHHbrn, nOKa CKOpOCTh YXOllllmHX fll30B B O'fare nOlKapa He cra.HeT llOCTaTOqHOH, '1T06bl YBJleqr, nap 3a C060H. KorAa nO>KapnOTYweH ITepell TCM,KaK nOlKap MOlKHO6YJleT C'II1TaTb nO'I)'llIeHHbIM, '1enOBeK, KOTOPblHPYKOBOllHJllyUIeHMeM ll0JllKeH y6ellHTbClI, qTO BbmOJlHeHplill 8a)l<HbIX npOl\C11YP.OHMI3KJ1IOqaIOT: 1) TmaTeJlbHbrn OCMOTp MeCfa nOlKapa, qT06hl y6e11HTCJI,'ITO Bee B03MOJKHbIe nyrM pacnpoCTpaHeHHJI nOJKapa npOBepeHbI. 2) Becb llbIM H npO.llYKTblropeHIDI YllaneHbI qepC3 BeHTHJUlUHIO. 3) YCTaHOBJleHa BaxTIl, cne,llllmAA, qTo6bI He npOH30UIJlOnOB1'opHoe B03rOpaHHe.
- If the victim is not breathing, clear the mouth and throat of any foreign matter. - Seal the victim's mouth with yours.
- ECJlH nOClpaaamuHi1 He llblUIHT, OqHCTlITe eMYpOl' 11IlhlflhTe Bce nocropomIHe npellMeThL - rIpHJKMl1TeCh CBOHMprOM KO pry nocrpa,u,aawero.
- Give two successive full-lung breaths ("huffs") into the victim's mouth within five seconds. - Check to see if the victim's chest rises or falls. - Check the victim's carotid pulse at the neck. If there is a pulse continue rescue breathing at the rate of 12 times per minute (once every 5 seconds). - If there is no pulse, remove obstructive clothing from the victim's chest. - Feel for the lower end of the breastbone. - Place the heel of one hand just above your fingers, so that the heel rests on the lower half of the breastbone. Place the other hand on top of the fi:"st. Keep your arms straight. - Compress the breastbone 112 to 2 inches (for adults). - Call for help.
Bleeding
- Cnemllire nBa pC3KHX BblJlOXa ("xy") B pOT rroCTpaJlaBllIero B TeqeHHe 5 ceK)'HJl. - TIpocHenlITe rrOnlillMCTCli Jill H onycKaCTClirpynb nOCTpaJlaBllIero. - TIpollJYIllllire y rroCTpauaBlllerO nyJIbC Ha llIee Ha COHHOM aPTeplili. ECJill nyJIbC l1MeeTCJl rrpOnOJDKlolTe HCK)'cCTBeHHOe nbIXaHHe co CKOpOCTblO12 pll3 B MHJ-l)'ry (OllHO KIDK1\ble5 ceK)'HJl). - ECJlli nyJIbC OTC)'TCTByCT, CHI1MHTCC rpynH rroCTpaJlaBIIlerO MelllaIoJUYlO o.nelKJl)'. - HallIyrrlllire HIDKHlOIO qaCTb rpy.nHoli K-'leTKH. - TIoIlO))(l1"re HaJlOHb onHOM PYKH qyTb Bbnne BallIHX naJlbueB TaK, 4T06bl JIauOHb OKlI3aJIacb Ha HIDKHei1'laCTli rpYllHOM KJlCTKH. TIOJIO))(l1"fe BTOpylO PYKY nOBepx nepBoli. llJIOTHO npIDKMlITe Ballie PYK!1· - HaJKl1Mlllire Ha rpyllHYIO KJlCTK)'BejJTMKaJIbHOBHH3OT 1/2 no 2 JlIOHMOB(IVU! B3pOCJlbIX). - TI030BHTe 1Ia nOMOlllb.
KpOBOTe'leHI1JI
- Raise injured arms or legs to a level higher than the heart unless movement will cause further damage (in the case of fractures, for example). - A pressure bandage can replace direct hand pressure on most body parts. Center the bandage over the dressing, wrap the ends around the body part and tie the knot directly over the dressing.
Applying pressure bandage
- llpHflO1lH\1MlITe IlOBpClKJleHHYJO PYKY W1HHOry BbillIe YPOBHJIcepnua, npll yCHOBIlIl, 'ITO :ITO He npHBeneT K npH'IliHe1lHI0 Bpena (ecJlli, Harrpl1Mep, l1MelOTClinepeHOMbI). - .D:aBlIlllaJI rrOB1I3Ka MOlKeT 3aMeHlITb rrp\1)/(arne paBbI PYKOMI1a 60JlbWliHCTBe 'lacTeli TeHa. HaKJIa]lbIBlllirC nOB1I3KY rrOBepx onelKllbl, 060pa4HBal!Te ee KOHUbI BOKpyr 'laCTH TCJla H 3aBlI3bIBlllire KOHUbIHenocpellCTBeHHOnOBepx onelKllbl.
HanolKeHLle AaIDlll.\eiil nOIDl3KI"I
Pressure is always wound and the heart.
applied
between
the
,lIaBJIlIl)'IO nOB1I3K)'Bcerlla CJIe.nyeT 1IaKJIanblBaTb MClKJl)'ceplIUeM H pmmli.
straight down
Arterial bleeding can cause the victim to death. Rapid loss of as little as I quart of blood can cause shock. It is important to be able to recognize gross bleeding.
APTepHaJlbHble KpOBoTeqeHHJI MOlKCT OKlI3aTbClIIIpH'IliHoli cMePTIi . .6blCTpaJI nOTCpJl KpOBHB KOJIH'ICCTBe rrpeBbnnaIOlUeM 4eTBepTb ee KOJlH'IeCTBaMOlKeTCTaTb rrpH'IHImli 1lI0Ka. OqeHb BaJKHO 6bITb B COCTOJlHHlipacno3HaTb 3Ha'lHTCJlbHble KpOBOTCqeHHJI.
- After bleeding has been controlled with a pressure bandage, check frequently tor swelling and other indications of excessive pressure. Be sure the pressure bandage has not become a tourniquet. Warning signs for excessive pressure include swelling next to the bandage site, numbness to touch, sensation of pins and needles, the limb becoming white or purple, and pain beyond the site of the injury.
• DOCIle TOro KaI<KpoBOTeQeHHe 6ynCT ocTllHOBJIeHO C 1l0MOlllblO naBJl:lllei1 nOB1I3KH, nOCTOllHHOnpOBepJlliTe RCT JI.Il.onyxaHHli HJlli HHbIX npIl3I1aI<OB QpC3MepHoro llepellaBJIlffiaHHlI. DpH3I1aI<aMIl, 1l0Ka3blBaIOI.IU'Il'IJ.! HaJlH'IHe QpC3MepIlOro llaBJIeHHJI nOBJl3KH, JlBJIJIlOTCli pacnyxmlJ.!e 4acrn TeJIa, pacnOJIOlKeHHOHrrocJle nOBJl3KH,OTC]'TCTBHe0IIIYIUeHHll IIpHKOCIIOBeH:Hi1, )'KOJJOB, 4acTf, TeJIa CTllHOBHTCli 6eJloli WIJ.I <PHOJIeTOBOi1, nOllBJlJl1OTCli 60JIeBbie OIuyuICHlili 3a npelleJIaMIl nOBPClKJleHHoroyqacTKa
TO'lKI"I nepelKMMaHI1JI aprepKiiI
Pressure
points
(1)
- arterial blooding (1) - blooding from veins (2) - capillary blooding (3)
Treabnent of bleeding
(2) - apTCp"aJIb1l0e KpOIIOTCQeHHe (1) - BeH03Hoe KpOBOTeqeHHe (2) - KanWlJ1lIpHOe KpOBOTeQe1lHe(3)
OCTllK:>BKa KP0BOTe'leHMiiI
(3)
Using pressure points is a temporary means of controlling gross bleeding until a pressure bandage cail be applied. Pressure points are specific areas where an artery passes over a bone and a pulse can be felt.
Use pressure points in combination direct pressure and elevation.
with
_ Use the your hand pressure over the wound.
to
apply
direct
- J.1cnoJIb3yHTe PYKYnJIJI OKlI3aHHl1 npmlOro HalKl1MaHa paIlY·
TIpl1MeHeHI1C MCTOna nepenaBJIHBllHJ1lI KpOBeIlOCHbTX COCYllOBB onpeneJIeIlHbIX T04Kax lIBJ1J1eTCll BpeMel-U\OHMepoM JlJIJIIIpl1oCTaHOBKIiCIlIlhHbIX KpoBOTeqeffilii: no HaJlO)KeHI1lI nOBJl3KI1. T04KaMlI nepelKl1MaHI1lI JlBJJJl10TCli onpeneneHHhle MeCTa, B KOTOpbIX apl"epHH IIpOXOl\llT Ha.n KOCThlO 11 B KOrOpbIJ( MOlKHO npowynaTb rryJlbc. J.1cnoJl1>3yliTe nepelKl1MaHHe apTepi1H BMeCTe C HenocpellCTBeHHbIM 3alKaTHeM pllHhl Il nOllHJlTl1eMnOBpelKlleIlHoro MeCTa.
._--...I
,
- Place the tourniquet above the wound, if it is in a joint, put the tourniquet above the joint. - Use a wide band so it doesn't cut into the tissue. - Apply a pad over the artery to be compressed. - Take two tight wraps around the limb and tie an overhand knot. - Place a short, strong bar on the overhand knot and tie a second overhand knot above it. - Twist the bar until the bleeding stops, no tighter. - Secure the bar in place. - Record on the victim's forehead the time when the tourniquet was applied. Remember: a tourniquet is NEVER put on unless the bleeding is so severe that it cannot be stopped by any other means.
Internal bleeding
- HaJ10llurre lKJYI' BbUlie paJlhl, CCJll1pllHa Ha cycfaBe, HaJ10lKHTeJKryf BblIlIe cyCTaBa - I1cnoJ1b3yiiTe lIDIpOK)'IOnOBSl3KY .llJlSI TOro, 'lT06bl OHa He BPe3aJ1acb BTeno. - LVrn 3IDKl1MaapTepl1l1 HcnoJ1b3yifre noBepx Hee nOll)'llJe'lKY. - ClleJ1aHre lIRa ITJ10THh1X o60para BOKpyr KOHe'lHOCfHH 3aBIDKIITeKOHlibIB YJen. - IToMeCTHTCKOpOTKIlliKpenKHR 6pyCOK Ha yJe..1H 3aBIDKIITeBTOPOH )'3C.l1 nonepx 6pycKa - IToBOpa'lliBaHre 6pyCOK .no rex nop, nOKa He OCTaJIOBHTCSI KpoBOTC'leHHe,He 6oJ1ee roro. - 3aKpenHTe 6pyCOK B :ITOMnonOlKeHHH. - HamrnJlire Ha n6y nocrpa)laBUlero BpeW! HaJ10lKeHIUIlKIyra. nOMHKTe: JKIyfbl HlItKOrAA He muaia)lblBaJOT, eCJ1l1TOJ1hKOCI1JlbHOeKpOBOTe'leHHe He YlIaJ10CbOCTlIHOBHTb I1HhIMI1 Cpe»CfBaMH.
BHYTPeHHMeKpoBOTe~HM~
I'
~
I
Internal bleeding is not always obvious. Direct pressure is effective in stopping the bleeding from nearly all wounds. It almost always eliminates the need for a tourniquet. Only compress the carotid artery in dire emergencies, where all other attempts at controlling severe bleeding nave tail<¥i (Usually only necessary in a neck wOlll1d causing disruption ofthe artery itself) HenocpellCTBeHHoe 3IDKa:me SlBJlS1erCSI J<\>lfJeKfIiBHhlM.il.M OCTllHOBKHKpoBOTe'leHIUI nO'lTH H3 BCex pllH. OHO nO'lTH BCeflla ycrpaHSIer He06xOlll1MOCTbI1Cn0J1b30BlIHHSIlKIyra. DepelKHMa:rb coHH)'lo apTepmo MOlKHO TOJ1hKO B CJ1Y'l!lSlX,npeJlCTaBJ1SIlOll.l.l1X CMepTeJ1bHYI~onaCHOCTb, KOflla Bce I1Hhle nOIThITKI1 OCTaJlOBHTb KpOBOTe'leHHe OKa3aJ1I1Cb6e3ycnellJHhIMH. (06bl'lHO, :ITOHe06xOlll1MO TOJ1bKO npM nOBpeJKlleHIDIX llJeH, npHBellllli1X K pIDpbmy CaMORaprepHH.) Hrn<Oflla He nepelKHMaHre COHH)'IOapTepillO OJlHOBpeMeHHoHa o60HX CTopOHax llIeH.
Symptoms
BHyfpCHH\'le KpOBOTC'leHIDl He BCCfllaJIBHM.
CltMnTOMbl
- Vomit that looks like "coffee grounds"; - Cooghed-up blood that is bright red or bubble; - Paleness; - Rapid, hard-feel pulse; - Lightheadedness and restlessness; - Thirst; - Confusion; - Dizziness, weakness, fainting.
Immediate treatment
- PBOTIl, nOXOlKaJIHa KolfJeiiHyJo rymy; - OrKalllJ1lmaeMaJI KpoBb, SlpKO KpaCHaJI 1100 nYJblpHTCSI; - ])J1C)ll-lOCrb; - 4aclbrH, XOPOlliOHpOllJYIThmaeMhIH nyJ1hC; - Epell 11paCCJJa6neHHOc.Th;
- )l{alKJ.la; ,
- 3aMellla:renbCrBO; - fOnOIlOKpYlKeHI1e, nm'nHBOCTb,06MopoKl1.
nepBaR nOMO~b
Never exert pressure on carotid arteries on both sides of the neck at the same lime
- Treat for shock; - Seek medical advice; - Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink;
- TIPI1MI1TCnpaumOUJOKOllhle Mep"'; - 3anpocI1'rc cOller Bpa'la no Pa)l110; - He JlaBaihe IlOCTpa)laBUIeMy nHTbSl H.ID TII1llJI1;
- LOok for injuries such as broken which may have caused the bleeding;
bones
- OnpeLlemrre rioBpC)KlleH.Hll, TaJilie , KaK nepeJ10Mbl KOCTeR, KOTopble Moryr 6bITb npHqilliOR KpOBOTeqeHilll; - £YLlbTe crrOKOMHbIH ycrrOKaHBaifre rroCTpaIlaBwero. ll10K :ITO cephe3HOe COCTomrn.e, KOTOpoe MOlKCT Bb13BaTh CMeprb. OHO lIBJlJleTCll pe3YJlbTaTOM YMeHbllleHI1lI KOJ1HqecTBa KpOBI1, 06ecrreqHBalOmeR TKaHH. >K\il3HeHHble nOKa3aTen\il l1MelOTClI KJUOqeBble rrOKa3<rreJ1H, KOTOpble nOMoryr MeJlHUHHCKoMYnepcoHMy OlleHHTh COCTOllllile nOCTpaIlaBlIJero. ECTh qCThlpe lKH3HeHHbIXrrOKa3aTeJIlI: - qaCTOra Il)'J1bCa; - qac-rora LlhlXaHIDI.; - reMrreparypa; " KpoBliHoe ,llaBJ1eHJ1e. RruJ TOro, 4T06hI J13Mep!1Tb lKH3HeHHhre rrOKa3<rreJ111 BaM nOHaIl0611TcJl 4aCbI c ceKYHLlHOMCTpCJ1KOM, TepMoMCTp, CTCTOCKonH IlpH60p )lJIJII13MepeHllil Kp0BJlHOrOLlaBJ1eHilll. nynbC. TIYJ1bCOM rrOKa3bIBaeTqaCTDTy cepLle'lHbIX cOKpruueHHii. JIel'qe Bcero npomynaTb nyJ1hC Ha COHHOHaprepIDI C moooM CTOPOHbI meJ1. I1OCKOJ1bKYCOHHall ajJrepl1lI lIBJIlICTCJI CaMOR 6oJ1bIlJOR H pacrrOJ1OlKeHa 6J11l3KO K cePllUY, rryJ1bC Ha HeR 06hl'fllO llpeKpaIUaer npocJIYllII1Bll1bclI B rrOCJleJlHIO]() 04epeJjb. Y nocrpauaBllIHX, HaxOJlJlIUl1XCli B C03HaIDllf, H3Mepellile rryJ1hca Ha nepmpepIDI Ha 3aDlICTbe MOlKerlIBJ1l1CTCli (5(lJ1eeHO.llXOJl.llll.lHM: - 110J10lK!1TeYKa3aTeJ1bHbIR HaJlell na apTepmo, HaxOJlllIll)lJOCll Ha BnyrpeHHeR CTOpOHe 3anllCThll nOCTpaIlaBlIJero. - I10Jl.IlI1raifre naJlhlleM 11CJ1erna npHlKHMal! ero nhmU1Tech 06Hapy)K!1Th 6Hellile cepJlUa - He nOJ1h3yMTech 6oJ1bIlJHM naJlhueM, noCKOJ1hKYOH l1MeCT rry.lJhCamno BallIY co6cTBeHHylo. - Coc4!1Taifre KOJ1HqCCTBO YLlapoB 3a MHH)'IY·
Temperature. Body temperature measures the balance between heat production and heat loss. You can use an oral thermometer if the victim is conscious and alert. Use of a rectal thermometer is more accurate and gives medical professionals a better indication of what is wrong with the victim in certain cases.
Shock is a serious condition that may cause death. It is caused by reduced blood supply to body parts and tissues. The vital signs These are key indicators that will help medical professionals evaluate the victim's condition. There are four vital signs: - pulse rate; - respiration rate; - temperature; - blood pressure. To take vital signs, you need a watch with a second hand, a thermometer and a blood pressure cuff and stethoscope. Pulse. Pulse measures the heart ratc. Pulse is most easily felt at the carotid artery on either side of the neck (illustration). Because the carotid artery is large and close to the heart, the carotid pulse is usually the last to disappear. On a conscious victim, the radial pulse at the wrist may be more convenient:
Respirations. Respirations mea~ure the number of breaths per minute. The normal respiration rate is 14 to 20 breaths per minute (count one breath each time the victim breathes in and out). To get an accurate rate, it is best to count respirations when he is unaware that you are doing so. Blood pressure. Blood pressure readings measure the force blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels during each heart-beat. A reading of 120/80 is generally considered normal for a healthy adult. The first figure represents the pressure when the heart is pumping, and the second figure represents the pressure when the heart is at rest. Transporting the injured
TeMnepalypa rena. TeMlleparypa Tem noKa3bIBaer pC3YJ1bmr MelKJly rrpoH3BO.LlCTBOM Terum H HOTpe6JleHl1eM 1'erma BhI MOlKere HCflOiIh30BaTh OpaJIbHbrn TepMoMCTp, ecJ1H nocrpauaBlli!1H HaxOJll1TCllB C03HaIDrn 11xopoWCM COC'fOllllilH. I1crroJ1h3oBaTh peKraJlhHbrn TepMOMCTp c.neJlYCT C OC'f0POlKHOCThIO, B OTLlem,HbIXCJ1Y'laJIX OHLlaer Bpaqy GoJlee IIOJ1HY]() HH<jJOpWIllI1]() 0 TOM,'lT0 CJ1Y'fill!OCb C nocrpaLlaBIllHM. 4aerora AblxaHIolH. qacrora JjhlXaH!1lI 03HaqaeI' KOillr4ecroo LlhL'{aTeJ1bHbIX LlB!1lKeHHiiB MI1II)'TY.06hNHal! qaCl'OTa JlbIXaH!1llCOCTIlBJIJIer ar 14 LlO 20 B MI1H)'TY(C'l!1TaeTCJIO)lllilM KalKJlbIR BLlOX-BblJlOX). ,l1.nlIroro, '!T06hI HOiI)''I!1Tb T04HbIe LlaHHhle, J.I)"Illle Bcero C4HTdTh BJjOXl1H BhU~OX!1 TOilla, Korlla nocrpauanlli!1H He 3Haer 0 TOM,'!TOBbI 3TO)leJlaeI'C. KPOBSlHoe AaBneHllle. L(llHHble 0 KpOBlIHOM LlaBJ1ellilJ1nOKa3blBaIOTcmJY JlaBJIeHHJIHa C'feHKI1 KpoBllHhIX COCyLlOBB rrpouecce KalKJloro cepLle4Horo coKpaIllellilll. fIOKa3<rreJ1b 120/80 06hNHo CqHTaeTCllHOpMaJlhHbIMlLfjJIroPOCJloro 3LlOpoBOro qeJ10BeKa l1epBall 1111<jJpa nOKa3hIBaer llaBJIellile B MOMellT cepLle4HOIu ClK<rr11lI 11 Bbl6poca KpOBI1B COCYLlbI, a BTOpal! nOKa3bmaer llaBJIeHHe B MOMellTpaccJla6JleHHJI. TpaHcnoprlllpoBKa nOCTpClA3BWIllX B KalKL\OMcJ1Y4ae, Koma rrpe)lCTaBJ1llercJI B03MOlKHOCTb, nOJli>3yMTeCh HOCI1JlKaMI1LlJ1l1 nepeHOCKI1. cephC3HO rpaBMHpoBaHHhlX J1]()Llei1, oc06eHHo rex, y Koro npeJ!nOJlaraIOTCll HOBpe)!(JleHl1l1wel1 11J1.11 CIImll>I. l1epeHocKa Ha PYKax MOJKer ocymecrBJIJITbClI TOJlbKO B CJ1Y4aJIX H.36elKru~l1J1 HenocpeLlCTBeHHoi1 onaCHOCTI1, HaIlpl1Mep, On-IJI, I1J1I1LlJ1llTOro, '!T06bI nepeMeCTI1Tb nOCrpaL1aBlllero i·m He60J1blllOe paCCTOJlHl1e. I1pHBe).lI1Tc HOCJ1J!hUIHKOB C HOCH.JIKaMH K nocrpauaBllleMY, a He HeCI1Te nOCIlJauaBllIerO K HOCHJII(aM. Y npOR"l'C ero C YJIo6cTBOM 11 HaKpoi1Te. EYJ.lbTC npeJ;yrrpellHTCIlhllhI. OcymeCTBwre He06xOLll1Mbre nepBH4!1h1e MepbI LlO TOro, KaK Ha<IHCTenepeHOC~IT nOCTpaIlanll1ero.
- Place your middle finger over the victim's artery on the thumb side of his "'Tist. - Move your finger and press lightly until you fmd the pulsebeat. - Don't use your thumb because it has its own pulse.
Whenever possible, use a litter, stretcher or backboard to transport seriously injured victims, especially those with suspected neck or back injuries. Manual carries should be used only to gel a victim away from immediate danger such as fire, or to move a slightly injured victim a short distance.
Take the stretcher to the victinl, don't move the victim to the stretcher. Make him comfortable and cover hinl. Be gentle. Perform essential first aid before moving the victim.
~
•
2
Stokes litter: excellent for shipboard use and may be equipped with floatation gear and hoist attachments for air evacuation.
Using the Stokes litter: Place two blankets lengthwise so that one extends down each leg. Use a third blanket folded in half in the upper part of the stretcher to pad the head and shoulders. Center a fourth blanket across the litter to use for covering t.'J.evictim. Lower the victim into the litter gently. Cover him and secure him in place using web straps over the chest, hips and knees.
Improvised litters: If you have to improvise a litter, always test it before you place the victim on it and try to raise him.
Chair litter: This' method requires two people and a chair. It is valuable for transporting victims through narrow passageways or srnWI doors. On command, all bearers lift in unison. On level surfaces, the victim is always carried feetfirst so the person at the head can watch for breathing complications or other problems.
HOCMllKMCrOKca: npeK]JacHoe epeJJ.CfBO llIDI IfcnOJIh3OBaHl1llHa cynHe, MOIKeT CHa6IKarbCli nplfcnoco6neHlfllMli, 06ecne'llillaIOIUI1Ml1 ITllaByqCCThIi nOJl1>eMHhIMlf ycrpoHCTBaMIf ll.Il1l3BaKyaI~ nOC1panaBillero no B03JlYXY. f1opI\AoK I4CnOllb30B3HItR HOCWlOK CToKCil: ITonoJKl1TC Ha HOCliJlKl1)lBa OneliJIa BnOJlb Tal(, 'IT06bl OJlHO113IDIX 6billO HIDKecrynHei1 Hor. TpeThC OnellllO, cnolKeHHoe nononaM, nOJl0/Kl1'Ie B BepXHei1qaCrM HOCHllOK KaK110JlYIlIKY non ronoBy H nne'lli. qerne]JToe onelillo )'KJIll,1lbIBaeTClinonepeK HOCHllOK JllllI roro, q-r06bl YK]JbITb HM nOC1panaBillero. Y noJKl1TC aKKYjJaTHOnoC1panaBlliero Ha HOCHllKl1.Y KpOHTe ero M 3a<pI1KCH]JyiiTe B OilHOM 110nOIKeIDlli,HCI10JIh3Yll peMHM'lepe3 rpyJlb, 6enpa H roneHM. V1MnpoB1'I311poBaHHble HOCMIlKlI:ECJlH Bbl BblHYJKJleHbllf3rOTaBJ1HIlaTb HOClfJlKlflf3 nonpyqHbIX cpenCfB, Bcerna HCl1bITbIBaHTeI1X nepen TeM, KaK nOJlOlKlfTb Ha HI1XIf nOnIDITb nOC1panaslliero. HOCMllKM CTyn:,lI,m! npHMeHeHHll noro MeTOna 'lpe6yeTcli )llIa qenOBeKa If \.."1)'JI.3"1'0 OqeHb l~eHHbIi1MeTOn nJlll 3BaKyaIDlli 1I0C1panaslUero 'lepe3 YJKHenpoXOJlbI HJIlfYJKHeJlBepM.
~3
~4
Fireman's Carry (1) - This one rescuer carry is the easicst way to move an unconscious victim.
Pack-Strap Carry (2) - The victim's arms are brought across the shoulders. His arms are then crossed in front and grasped firmly. Drag Carry (3) - First the victim's hands are tied, then placed behind the rescuer's neck. Blanket Drag (4) - The victim is placed on a blanket and moved by pulling on one end of the blanket. This method is used when the victim is unconscious and has injuries which for bid handling or lifting by a single bearer.
nOJKapHasl TpaHCnOpTlilpOBKa (1) - 3"1"01' THn cnacaTeJIbHoH T]JaHCnOpTHpoBKHlIBJIlIeTcllHaH60Jlee np0\..'1'bIMcnoco60M T]JaHCnOpTHpOBKH nOCTpanasllil1X, HaxOMlI.\I1XC» B 6ecC03HaTeJlbHOMnOJlOlKeHlflf. TpaHCnOpTHpOBKa naKeTOM (2) - PyKH 1l0crpanasillero uepeKpelllHBaIOTCli co cropolIbl llJleqeH. CnaCaTeJlb CKpelI.\l1BaeT pyKH rrepen co60H R K]JellKo CIKHMaeT11X. TpaHcnOpTlIpOBKa nepeTaCKMBaHlIeM (3) - CHaqaJJa CB1I3hlBaIOT pyKH nOC1panaswero, a 3aTeM nOMelI.\aIOTHX3a llielO cnaCaTeJIli. nepeTaCKlIBaHl'le Ha OAewte (4) - ITOC1panaBwero YKJI3,llblBaJafHa oneSillO If nepeMellialor ero, TaJJ.Ia3a OJllrn 113KOHUOB onellJla 3"roT MeTOn HCnOJlb3yeTC» Koma nocrpanaslllMi1 HaxonHTC» 6e3 C03HaHWI Ii HMeeT T]JaBMbL a 'lpaHCnOpTlfpoBKa I1JII11l0.l!"beM nocrpanasLlJero JLJ1l1 OnHom 1l0CI1JlblI.\I1Ka 3mpYJU-lI1TeJleH.
I
no KOMaHJle Bee HOCHJlbI.l(lo{KM 01\HOBpeMeHHo nOJlHHMaIOTHOCHllKl1.Ha poBHOH noBepXH0C111nocrpanaslliero nepeHOClIT Bnepen HOlllMH, 'IT06bl HOCI1JlbIUHK Mor CJJe)lHTb 3a nbIXaJ-lI1eM H B03MOlKHblMlf OCJIOIKHeHl1llMl1.
You can improve the knowledge you already have by participating in the drills, by going through this training manual now and then and by being aware of all matters in ygur daily work concerning the safety of yourself and the ship.
BM MOlKeTCycoBeplJJeHCTBOBaTh 3HaHWI, YIKe nOJl)'qeHHblC BaMM.v'laCrBYli B Y'leHH»X, lf3Y'lali HaCTOllIIlCCy'le6Hoe noc0611(: cei1'lac II B nOCJleJlYIOIL\eM,11y)"(eJlllJInOJIIKHO(:BHRMaHHe B mllllcH 1l0BceAHeBHoi1 pa60Te BceMY, 'ITO KacaeTClI Bawel1 6e30naCHOCTI1 II 6e30naCHOCTlf CYlll-Ia.
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
HayqHblH pe)UlKTOp: E.B. )(OI\HH )lop IOpH)l. HaYK,npo.peccop PellaKIOp: C.A. KYlHe"OB KlIH11. IOpHII. HayK, 1I0ueHT
PYKOBO)lCTBODO l\eHCTBHRM B aBapHIiBblX CDTYal.\HRXHa CYI\He:
• • • •
• • • •
• • •
YlJe6HO-MeTOIIHlJeCKOenOC06He I COCT. C.A. Ky3HeUOB, C.C. KY3HeUOBI IIoII 06m. pe.l\aKI.\Heii npo4>eccopa E.B. ,l:(O.l\HHa II bH6J1HOTeKal!<YpHaJla «ToproBoe MOpeUJlaBaHHe» (CepHlI: Pa60lJHe TeTp3.l\H).-1999.-N216/IV-32 c. MeJK.D;YHapO)lHlUI KOHBeHUHll0 no.nroroBKe H .llHII.J\OMHpOBaHHH MOPliKOB H HeceHHH BaxTbl 1978 rO.l\a Tjle6yeT, lJT06b1 Bce JlHUa, He lIBJIJlIOUlHeCli naCClIJKHpaMH, .1\0 Ha3HaqeHHlI Ha Cy)lHO npornml 0)l06peHHble KypCbl 03HaKOMJrreJlbHO}\nO.l\fOTOBKH B OTHorneHHH cnoc060B JlHlJHOro BbDKHBaHIDI HJlM. nOJ1Y'lHTh.llOCTaTOlJHYIO HH4>oPMauHIOH HHCTpyKTIDK. HaCTOlImee yqe6HO-MCTO.l\HlJeCKOe noc06He nOMOlKeTycoBeprneHCTBOBllTh 3HaHHlI, YlKe nOJlYlJeHHble Ha KYpcax U Ha yqeHUJIX B OTHOrneHH" JlulJHoll 6e30nacHoCTH H 6e30nacHoCTH cY.l\Ha. Ha PYCCKoM" aHlJIHlIcKOM1I3blKax.
b"6J1HOTeKa lKYPHarra
«ToproBoe MOpenJlaBaHHe»
()10)1aTOK.I\O lKYPHarry) CBH.l\eTeJlbCTBO0 pernCTpaItHH: CepHli 0,1:( N2 504
Mpec peAaKDHH:
270009,
O)1ecca, yn.IIlloHepcKlUI 30, KOpn.3, Ka6. 29. (0482) 60-72-77
IIi.l\DUCaH0)10.llPYKY 10.08.99 <1>opMaT90x84 116 IIanip )lJIJl rHH60KOro IIPYKYCOPY PAPER. fapHHTYPa «Times». YM. )1pyK. apK. 1,87. HaKna)l 155 npHM. 3aMOBJleHHJlN2 28. Bi.llJlPYKOBaHOHa nonirpa4>ilJHoMY 06J1a)lHaHHi 4>iPMIlRISO BM,QaBHMI.\TBOM «T3C» 3 roroBOro opuriHarr-MaKe1)' BHroIOBJleHoro nn <dHKO CepBic»
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •
u~
1
no
.QEI1CTBVlflM CVlTY /\I...lVI.R X
B J\B/\PI1I1HbIX
H/\ CY.QHE
ME>K,QYHAPOAHAf\ KOHBEHI..lIl1~ nO,QrOTOBKE 111 ,Q1I1nJ10MII1POBAHII1I11 MOP~KOB 111 HECEHII1I11 BAXTbl1978 rOM
o
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON STANDARDS OF TRAINING, CERTIFICATION AND WATCHKEEPING SEAFARERS, 1978
FOR
(U36nelleHUR)
PE30JlIOI..l""~ 1
npMnolKeHMe nPABIIIJlO VI/1 06H3aTenbHble MMHMManbHble Tpe60BaHMSl no 03HaKOMlleHl'lIO, Ha'lanbHOM no,qrOTOBKe no BonpocaM 6e3onacHocTM 1'1MHCTPyKTaJKy .qnH Bcex MOpHKOB
MOpgKH rraCHOCTH 1I0IDKHLI HJIH npoMTH 03HaKOMJIeHHe HHCTllYKYHH COOTBeTCTBYJOIIIHM B II Haqam.HYIO COOTBeTCTBHH roe60BaHHlIM nOlIfoToBKY C pa3lIenOM no BOnpOCaM 6e30-
nOmHTb
A- VI/I
KOlIeKca
IIllMHB
peHHhlM
H OTBeqaTh
K KOMneTeHTHOCTH
npeJ!YcMoT-
B 3TOM pa311eJIe.
PE30JlIOI..lIl1~ 2
Pa3.qen A-VI/1 03HaKOMKTenbHaH 1 Bce
JIHUa, He gBJIglOIIIHeCg 06g3aHHOCTeM naCC3)f(HpaMH, HJIH pa6OT,
no,qrOTOBKa
Ha CY.LlHO 11M BbInOJIHeHHji 03HaKOMH,llOCTa-
110 Ha3HaqeHHji npOMTH
CJl)')Ke6HhIX TenbHOM TOquylO
){OnlKHbI
0.Ll06peHHh1M
KypChI
nO){fOTOBKJoI B OTHOUleHHH HH<pOpMauHIO MOfJIH HOCTH 06IIIaTbCg
cnoc060B
JIH'lHOro OHH:
BhllKHBaHHg
HnH nonyqHTb
H HHCTpYKT3)f(, C ,llPYfHMJoI
C TeM qTo6h1 JIIO,llbMH
.1
Ha cY,llHe
no
OCHOBP-bIM BOnpOCaM npe){CTaBneHuylO
6e3onacB BHlIe
11 nOHHMaTh
HH<p0pMal\HlO
no
6e30nacHoCTJoI,
CHMBOJIOB, 3HaKOB H CHfHanOB
aBapJoIMHO-npe){yrrpe){HTeJlbHOM
cHfHanH3auHH;
.2
3HarrH ){eMCTBHlI
B cnyqae: 3a 60pT; HJlH ){h1Ma; HnJol CYlIHa; 3BaKyaUHH; Cl1aCaTenhHbIM 3HaHHg 06 )J(HJIeT; nepe-
.1 .2 .3 .3 .4 .5 .6
na./leHHji
qeJIOBeKa
o6Hapy)J(eHHlI rro){a'!H
nOlKapa
CHfHana
0 nO)J(ape MeCTa c60pa
HJIll OCTaBJIeHHH
MOrJIll 3HanH YMeJIH
onpe){eJlHTb
H rrOC3,ljKH H nyrH
MecToHaxO)J(.LleHHe 110){HHMaTb rpeBory
H YMeJIH HCrrOJlh30BaTb H HMeJIH OCHOBHhle
HCnOJIb30BaHlofH
HOCHbIX OfHeTyUlHTeneM; MOf;rn .LlpyrflX qeM npe.LlnpHHHMaTb 06CTonenbCTBax, 3a HeMe){JIeHHble Tpe6YIOIIIflX nocJle){ylOIIIeM ){eJ1:cTBHlI npH HeCqaCTHOM crryqae JoInH B I1pelK){e Ha
Me.LlHUHHCKOfO Me.LlHI.\HHCKOH
BMeIIIaTeJIbCTBa,
o6paUJaTbCg H 3aKpbIBaTh
nOMOIIIblO,
HMelOIIIeil\::g
CYlIHe;
.7
MOfJIH
H OTKpbIBaTh npH qeM
BO){OHenpOHHl\aeMble, MOpg .LlBepH, tiJIg
npoTHBonolKapHbIe YCTaHOBJIeHHble OTBepCTHM
){BepH
H HerrpoHHI.\aeMble HOM cY.LlHe, HHbIe
B03){eMCTBHH
Ha KOHKpeTB Kopnyce
npe.nHa3HaQeHHble
3aKpbITHli
cy.nHa.
Types of emergencies Fire/Explosion can arise due to railure or faulty operation of equipment, by scll~ignitioll caused by carelessness with open fIre or smoking in the bunk. Collisions can be caused by failure of machinery or rudder, insufficient watchkeeping or navigation faults. Grounding or stranding, like collision, can be caused by navigation faults, failure of machinery or rudder, bad weather or the ship dragging its anchor. Leakage occurs, when the ships hull, deck or hatches are damaged. . Man-over-Board. If a person fulls overboard, it is important for his possibilities of survival that he is rescued on board again as fast as possible. The most frequent cause of death is not drowning but death caused by cold. Drills and instructions In order to cope with an emergency situation in the best way it is necessary having planned ahead. The plans are called the muster lists, and comprise: - General alarm; - the Boat muster list; - the Fire muster list; and in certain ships there may also be a _Man-over-Board (MOB) muster list The muster list specifies in detail the general alarm signal, the action of passengers and crew when such signal is heard, the muster positions and by whom the order «abandon ship» is given. Muster lists are displayed and conspicuously posted in the navigating bridge, the nfficers and crew's mess/smoking rooms, (It tll' control stations of the enginc room And lit III othcr position that the Master cOl1sicl 'n< 1\ • '\". sary tor crew to s··. nOll(ap/B3pblll MO)l(CT 1I031HlKH)'Tb H33a IICII'p1l01'O 11'11\)!lI,'IOUUllHlI 060pyJl,OBa1IHlI, CIlMOII031'OPUII~1l1 1I1,1'JmUIIIOroHeocropO)l(llOC1'l,IO (; OTKphl'l'I,IM 01'1ICM I1JII1KypeHJoUI IJ KOI1KC. CTonKHoBeHIII9 - MO)KCTlIPOI130I1TH 1133a OTKll3a MexaHH3MOll HJlH pyJIlI. 1Iel-laJJ,ne)Kamero HeCeHJoUIlJaxThl I1J1H 1IaO~lI'allI10HHbIX 0llm60K, nOCCJAlGlHa Menb Knit KaCaHlte rpyHTa, MOlyr npoIDOHrn H3-3a HaBHraIJ.I10HHbIX OIllH6oK, BbIXOJl,a113CTpOHMexaHIi3MOBHnI1 pynH, TIJloxoil:noroJl,bI HnI1,lI;pCHljla cy.mm Ha HKope. BoAote'lHOCTb B03HlIKaeT,np1l. nOBpe)KJ],eHlIlI.KOpnyCa, nany6bI HnI1JIIOKOBblX 3aKpbITi1l1. 4enoseK 3a 6op-roM. ITPH na.neHllll. '1enoBeKa 3a 60PT BllJKHOKaK MO)I(HOcKopee nOAHJITb ero Ha 60PT cy;ma HaH60JIee '1aCTOH npll.'!HHoil: rn6eJIll. lIBIDICTCSI He YTOTIJleHRe,a CMepTb 0'1'XOJIoJl,a TpeaorM M ,qeIllCTaHA no TpeaoraM QT06b1 CnpaBlITbCSIC aBapHi1HoR cmyaw;:eil: HlllIJI)"IlllHM 06pa3oM, Heo6xoJl,RMO cnnaHHP0BaTh Jl,eil:crBHH3apanee, T aKRe TIJlaIIbIHa3bIBlllOfCSIPacITHcaHIDIMJ{ no -rpeBOraM H BKJIIO'llllOT: - PaCnitcaHMe no 06u.\ecy,QOBOMTpeBOre; - PacnMcaHlte no WmOnO'lHOM TpeBore; - PacnMcaHMe no 6opb6e c llOlK3pOM; aHa HeKoTOpblXCYJl,axTaIOKe - PaCnMCaHIIIe4enOBeK 3a 6OPTQM; B PaCllHcaI-Ilffi 110 'rpenornM jlCT,UlblIO OITHChIBlllOTClIClot f'III1J1 hi 'Iop 1101', )lci1CrBHH nacCaJl(HPOO 11 'UI 11011') IoII10K(]1I0CJle Toro Kill(01111 ')'f11 '111111 11.1 Y' 1I.llIlfrt',Mccra c60pa H KCMIII)Nl 1'l'11 OMllllj\lI«110111 llyn. CY.lIH0l1. I' ~IIIWIIl1l1' 111)'1)'I~)IUM OI.IBCIllJ1BllefClI Ha 'IMUM 11111\11111\'1 1\'1\I 1111 XO)\OIJOM MOCfHKe,B 1111\11 I<IlMlIlIlIlIl. l'I\)JIOI~)l-1:ll<J-trlll)Kll Ii MCCUlX II III II,,11 II I\' IIIJll1j 1I.1I0MIIOCry ynpaBJIeIDIlI B 1\'111111I11111111\'1 H1Jl\UII"11I111 11IJJU06blX HHbIXMCCUlX 1/11 IIl1llfll(, II/\IIMO )U1l1 113y'IelllilI3IGIIIIDKeM.
Out of consideration for your shipmates and yourself it is your duty to acquaint yourself thoroughly with the muster lists think especially of: - What is my task? - Do I understand what to do? - Where do I have to appear? -Where is the equipment to be used? - Who gives the orders? - To whom shall I report? - What are the alarm signals of the ship? Your place on the muster list is either given by your profession, name, ship's number or room number. The alarm signal can vary from ship to ship, therefore, always check your ships signal on the posted lifeboat muster list. Remember! Ask - while there is time to answer! During an emergency there is no time to answer questions. Rememberllt is Your duty to participate in the Life Boat (Abandon Ship) and Fire Drills and Musters. General alarm On hearing such signal you must put on your lifi:jacket and proceed to the muster station. unless you have been given specific duties i.e. closing watertight doors, screwing down ports etc. Even if he has not any specific duty, his responsibility will be to gather at a muster station and make himself availahle to the Master or the officer in charge, Boat Alarm as the boat signal has been sounded, immediately muster at your station, put on a lifejacket do it property and start to canyout the assigned jobs as described on the posted lifeboat muster list and trained during drills.
As soon
He npIDlliMall BOBHHMaHHe MHeHReBanrnx Ha'laJIbHHKOBH Barne, Tlliare.IIbHOe H3yqeHHe PacllHcaHHl1 no lpCBOraM BXOJl,Hf B BaIllH 06SI3aHHocrn H oco6eHRO YSICHllTC CJIe.uyJOIIlee: - KaKOBbIMOH06113aHHOCfI1? - I10HlIJI JIll.1I.'!TO lIeJIlITb? - [He Mecro c60pa? - [lIe HaxolIHTClIo60pYJloBaHJo!e? - KID OTJlaeTnpHKa3bI? - KoM)' R 1I0JI)KeHllOKJIarrhIBlITb? -rJle pacnOJIO)KeHbInOCThICIlI1l!lJIH3aUliH? BamH 06J13aHHocrn B PacllHCllIIIDI no -rpeBOraM onpe.!leJIllIOTCHJIlI.60 Bameil: Jl,0JI)KHOCfbIO, <1>.11.0., CYlIOBbIM N~,lI.JIHN~ KllIOThI. BHll cll.rHana TpeBom Ha Pll3JlWIHblXcY.llax MO)KCTH3MeHlITbCH,n03TOMY BcerJl,a CJleJJ,yCT yro'lHHTb BHll cll.rHana Ha BaIlleM cy;me, nOMHlIIl CnparnHBaH TorlIa, KOr.lla CCfb BpeMH OTBerHIb! B aBapRHHoil: cmyawrn HCT BpeMellll OTBC'IlITbHa BOnpoCbI. nOMHIt' Y'IaCTHe B IllJIIOnO'IHOR TpeBOre (I10KRH)'Tb cy;mo) H £opb6a c orneM llBIDleTCJI BameR 06J13aHHOCfbIO. 06~ecy,qoBaH l'peBora Y CJIblIIIaB 3TOT CHrHan, BbI llOJIlKHbI OllCTb cnacaTeJIbHblil: )K1I.nCTH cneJ!OBaTh B Mecro c60pa, eCJlH BbI He 1I.MeeTe J!pyrl1X 061I3aHHocreil:, TaKHX KaK: 3aKpbITHe BOJ!OHenpoHJi!IIaeMblX llBepeil:, 3aapaRBaHHe HJIJIIOMHHaf0POB H T.J!. EcJrn: Jl,3)Ke nepcoHaJIbHbIe 06113aIIHOCfI1 He npeJJ,yCMOTpeHbI, 'lJIeH 3Kl1.llalKa .llOJl)KeH npH6bITb Ha Mecro c60pa 11. 6bITb rorOBbIM BbIDOJ!HIITb pacnoplDKeHRH KamrraHa lI.JIH KOMaH)UIpano 3aBeJl,OBaHHIo. W",OllO'lH~
t
l'peBora
i.
ITo clI.rHany lllmonO'lHoil: meBOm, HeMeJ!JIenno Iw,irre Ha Mecro c60pa onpeJ!eJIennoe mrn .BiIe, OJ!eHbTe lKHJ!CT (cJIemn:e 3a reM, 'IT06b1 lKHJ!e'f 6bill OJ!CT npaBlI.JIbHO) H npHCTVilaHTe K BbIDOJIHeIDfiOJ!eil:crBlm, orrpeJ!eJIeHHbIXPaCITHcaHHeMno IllJIIOnO'IHOHTpeBOre, TaK, KaKBbll1X oroaOOTbmlIJIH Ha yqeHHllX,
FireAlann
lifesaving alOflb\
40nO(lOK 3D 6oproM
equipment
CnaCaTeI1bHbl9
CpeACTBa
All to attend their station bringing their assigned fire fighting equipment
Man.Qver-Board
Each person shall be sure to which survival craft he or she is assigned. 3KJo1mUK e)1< 1I0t-\IIIJl1()lII<JoI HeMe J1eHHO C06!ffiaeTClI, 1I0JollIaJllot'lHH110)\1I0CllTCll JlerKOBOll0J1a31-l0eCHapllJKCIII-lC. OCTlUlhHOJ;\3KJo1naJK OJKHl!aeTllOnOJlHJoI"rCJlhl-lhIX JoIIICillYKI!HH.
Clo1nt3nbl 101 HaAnlo1CIo1 no 6e30nacHOCTIo1
The rescue boat crew to muster immediately carrying immersion suits if available. The rest of the crew awaits further instruction
Safety notices and signs
If the boat to which you are assigned is damaged other intact survival craft will be used according to given order.
Bce, HaxOD:llll\Hecjl Ha 60pry, )(OjDKHM TOqHO 3HaTb Ha KaKHe cnacareJ1bHble cpellCTBa OHHpacl1HCaHbl. ECJ1HcrracareJ1bHOe CpeJ\CTBO,Ha KOTopoe Bbl paCnHCaHbl, nOBpeJKLleHOcne.n:yeT !lcnOJ1b30Barb )(pyrne, He nOBpeJKJ\eHHble, B nopJl)(l<e, onpelleJ1eHHOM COOTBeTCTB)'IOll\HMJl pacnopjj)f(eHHllMH.
Cnacarel1bHblE! wmonKM
For the benefit of safety various notices and signs are placed at various locations on board; there can be notices about various rooms contents or the contents of various containers and the like. portable fire extinguishers nepeHocHble OrHe-I)'IDHTeJUI
)J..rui l.\eJ1eH 6e3onacHocTH B pa3Jrn'IHblX Mecrax no cy.n;Hy pa3Mell\aIOTClI CWHaJU,1 H HaD:I1HCHno 6e30nacHoCTH; OHH MO\)'T RHtlJOPMlipOBaTb 0 Ha3Haqemrn HeKOTophlX noMell\eHliH HJlH CO)(epJKHMOM pa3.1lWIHh1XlIIUHKOB!IT.n. l,cl= ~" oddihoodi clothmg wKa<!Jc .uonOJlHIITeJlbHOil3aWHTHoil o.ue)J{)loil secondary means of escape BTOpOCTeneHHble nyrH JBlIKyaUllIt
Lifeboats Lifeboats are numbered from forward to aft. Odd numbers to starboard and even numbers to port. A plughole is provided and a conspicuous mark is made on the side-bench to indicate its position.
Boat Handling (e) One short Signals
p"""",,,
I~ I
CrracaTeJ1bHble IUJUOTIKH HYMepYJOTClJH3 Hoca B KOpMY. HeqeTHMe HOMepa Ha upaBOM 60pry, a 'ieTHble - Ha neBoM. QT06b1 nOKaJaTb paCII0J10JKeHHe npe,nyCMOTpeHHbIXnpo60K, Ha 6oKOBbIX CKaMeHKax HaHOCllTCjI3aMeTHble 3HaKJoI.
CMntarlbl ynpaaneHIo1fI UUllOnKaMM.
primary means of escape OCHOllHble nyrJolJBlIKyaUlm
EJ
_ ••.
blast means
to lower the
lifeboats.
C•• ) Two short blasts means to stop lowering the lifeboats. A muster will always take place at the boat stations before any boarding to ensure all hands at their stations. Launching of lifeboat must be canied out in accordance with the launching procedure trained during boat drills.
wheeled fire extinguishers OrHe-I)'WHTeJlJol Ha KOJleCHOM XOllY
closing appliance for exterior ~ ventilation inlet or outlet 3aKpbIBllIOweeyC1poilcTBO HapYJK- ~ Hoil BeHTJoIJIJIUHH international shore connection nepexo.llHocCOC.!lHHeHHe MelKJIYHaPO.llHoro06pa3ua
r-.-...:l
HaqaTb CoyCK IUJUOIIOK. (e e) ,I:{BaKOpoTIGIX CHrHarra - npeKpaTHTb CoyCK llllllOnoK. nepell HaqarrOM noCll,!J.KH JUOJ\eHB IUJUOIIKIl He06xoJ\HMo rrpoBeCTH nepeKJIl:l'IKy, 'IT06b1 y6e)(HTbCjI B TOM,'ITO Bee JUO)(HHa Mecrax' COYCK lliJUOnOK Hll BO.n:yllOJUKeH rrpoll3BO)(JoI"rbCli B COOTBeTCTBHH C nOp$l)(KOM,KOTOPhIH mpa6aTbIBaeTClJ B npOl\ecce npone.n:eHHll lliJUOIIOqHblXyqeHliH.
(e) O)(RH KOPOTKHll.CHrHaJI -
fire control plan ~ cxeMa nomapHoil 6e30naCHOCTH
FIRE PLAN
lashing
Hai1moB
.
tricing pendants
fire nOma~HalI 3aCJlOHKaB llelfI"lilIJlUJoI-,
_~d'","""
[~
OHHOJolTPy6e
I
•
aumc/s (npWKuMHafl OmmflJKKa)
hose box With..spray I jet lire IIOU.leB wKaQJJ],JIll lIIJIBllrllC py'lIl1,IM110map"'blM CTIJOJI()M
locker with additional breathing apparatus lllKa<!J C .uonOJlHHTCJlhlfblM ,!lhIXaTCJlhllblMannapaTOM
[It]
elll rHI'lI'
I kpholl
It'l Oil
"" 1l1l1l1l1l.lfl ll'III'IIKIII embarkation ladder
nOCaOO'lHb/U wmOPM-mpan-.......
lifelines to help way in. Try to boarding ladder canopy, which weight.
you pull yourself all the Ha HanyBHOM 6opTe, H)'JKHO B311TbCli 3a pull yourself in with the BHYTPeHHHH cnaCaTeJIbHbIH KOHeQ Ii c ero and lifelines rather than thl;:" , nOMOIIIbID BTlIH)'Tb ce6H Ha illIOT. THHHTe 3a could be tom by your Iioca,n:oqHYID rreCTHHQY Ii crracaTerrbHbIH KOHeQ, a He 3a TeHT, KOTOpbm MOlKHO nopBaTb c06cTBemibIM B~COM.
n<>,£\HJlT\IIepatleifHoro Ha MOT
Getting an injured man into the raft
Hold injured so he is facing the raft until you get his-upper body aboard. Pulling him in with his'back to the raft coule,! harm him if he has a back injury. Once his hips are resting on the buoyancy tube, gently turn him until he is on his back and pull him into the raft. Keep him lying on his back until you have determined the extent of his injuries.
Y)lepJKHBaHre paHeHHOI'o JIHl.\OMK nrr01)', rrOKaHe nO,LlHliMlrreBepXlUOIDqacTb 'TyJIOBHIIIa Ha 6opT. Bbl'I'llrnIlaHHe paHeHHom CIlliHOH K IIJ101)' Momo 6bI nOBpe)llITb eMY, ecJIH y Hem TPaBMa CllHHbl. KorJ\a em 6eJlPa 6y.nyr Ha HaJlYBHOM 6opre, llKKYParno nepeBepHHTe em TllK, 'IT06bI OH OKa3aJ1Cll JIClKaIIIHM Ha CIlliHe Ii JmIHHTe Ha IIJ1OT.OH J\OJ1Jl.(eH JIClKltfL Ha CIlliHe, rrOKaBM He Onpe1leJIHJIHcreneHb norryqeHHbIX HMTpaBM.
19
HapYlKHoe OCBeIIIeHHe(1), CrracaTeJIbHoe KOJIbOutside illumination (1), rescue quoit with QO C JIHHeM(2), BeHI'llJIlIIIIDl(3), HHCfPYKline (2), ventilation aperture (3), instructions UHH: (4), HarHeTaTeJIbHO / (.'1pllBlllIBllIOIIIHH plate (4), reinflating/deflating valve (5), survival KJIanaH(5), aBapHHHbIH IIlIKeT(6), c60pHHK pack (6), rainwater tapping point (7), instruc)lOlKJ\eBOHBO)lbI(7), HHCfPYKUHH: (8), !1plicnotions (8), rainwater catching gear (9), entrance co6JIeHHC MH c60pa J\OlKJ\eBOHBO)lbI(9), rroclosing covers (10), paddles (11), bag with KpbIBaJIa MH 3aKpbITHHBxo,ll.a(lO), aecrra(ll), bellows and repair kit (12), outer grab line(13), MelliOKc HacocoM Ii peMOHTHbIMHa60poM (12), battery activated by water (14), pressure gas CrracaTeJIbHbIH KOHeQ(13), 6arapeH BO,lI.cylinder with tear-open valve (15), boarding Hble (14), lU'IJIHHtIpC ra30M C KJIarraHOMOTKpbIladder (16), painter(I7), anti-capsize bag(18), THlI(15), noca,n:OqRI,IH Tparr (16), ljlaJIHHb(17), drogue (19), drogue retrieving line (20), KapMaHbI !1pOTHBonpoKH)lbIBaHHJI(18), rUlallYoverpressure valve (21), inner grab line (22), »KOpb (19), JIHHb IIJ1aBy'.cl'O lIKOP"(20), arch (23), inflatable double roof(24), inflatable - ~ npe)lOXPaHHTeJIblfbIH KJI<lfIllJl (2 I), CIlf\Cl:f1'CJlI,double bottom (25). buoyant knife (26). inside HbIH KOHeQ(22), apKa (2 ), IIIlOI~lIoc 1I!\J(yBIIOC light (27). rroKpbJI'He (24),1\110"" 1Ii\!(yIlIlOC I\IIHII\C(25), I1JIaBalO!UJ'f" 1101 ( 6), ( " 11\'11I1C (27). n \ u. MOT 1013 aOAbl Boarding the raft from the water Boarding a liferaft from the watcr without help is hard. Pull yourself in hcad first using the boarding ladder and lifclin', at the raft entrance to gct your uppcr bod aboard. Once your uppcr body is Oil 1111 buoyancy tubc, Ih 'r' should b' Inl 'III II 111)1\11111'1, II III 1I0)ll.1 IIn 1IJ10T 6e3 rro-l'l)pOllllt I 11I1MlIlIl" 'I'PYllIIO, CHaqllJla, 11('11111110' " 11111 1l1\1I'llIyIOJlCCTHHQYH cnacaII 111.111,1 111I11\',' IIXOI\<L, BTlIHHTe Ha 60pT 111111111 ItllI 111011)'111\:'1"1, TyrroBliIIIa, Kor,ll.a II II 111111 '1111 II. 1YJIOIIHLUa 6Y,ll.eT HaxOJ\HTCH
Righting a capsized raft
nepeBopa<fHBaHMe
onpoKl4ttyToro
MOTa
Swim to the side marked Right Here. If there is no marking, go to the side with the CO2 cylinder. Maneuver the cylinder side of the raft so that it is downwind, then reach up and grab the righting strap. Start by pulling yourself up onto the raft. It may help to Ifick your fe~t out as if swimming. If this doesn't work, try putting your feet or knees into the external lifelines to help you pull yourself up on the raft. Some rafts may right while you are climbing onto them. If not, stand on the very, edge, where the CO2 cylinder is located. Lean back with all your weight and pull on the righting strap.
Ilo)lIlJIbmlITe K 60JYIY 0603HaQeHHoMY «IlpaBbIH». EcJrn HeT MapKHpoBKH,TO K 6oJYIY, me HaxO,ll;I1TCli 6arroH C(h. IloBepHlrre IIJ10THa BeTep, ,n:OTllHlITCCb Ii 3lIXIlaTIfre Crref\HaJIbHO rrpe.nyCMOTpeHHbIH MH nepeBOpOTa MOTa peMelfb. BTlIHIITe ce6H Ha IIJ1OT.MOiKHO' IIOMO% ce6e TOJIqKaMHHor, KaK /5y;nTOI1JIbmqe, nOI1brraHrecb IIOCTaBHThHOm HJ1HKOJIeHH'iIa BHelllmrn cnacarem..HbIH KOHeQ, IIrrO'I' MOlKeT nepeBepHYJ'bClI, Kor,n:a BbI IIO)lHHMae:recb Ha Hem. Ecmt HeT, BCTaHbTeHa ~6M Kpaio, me pacnorrolKeH 6aJIOH CO2, YJ\eplKHBallCb 3a peMelfbOTIilloHlfreCb BceM' TMOM RiiK -MOxrno' )laJIblile HlI3a.n H PbrBKOM'ITCfrsn.rnnj" niI6tita ce611.
Jump with your legs first and body straight. Press your elbows to your sides and take a grip at the top of the jacket front and pull down to prevent the jacket from hitting your chin or neck when you hit the water Avoid jumping from heights greater than 10 meters. If the canopy is clear of the water, the raft will begin to follow you. If the raft is large, it will land on top of you unless you spring backwards just as the raft begins to right. If the raft does land on top of you, don't panic. The bottom of the raft is soft and flexible and your head will form an air pocket. Stay face up, catch a breath of air and pull, yourself out from underneath.
Rescue boat
ECllH TCHf 'He 3llI10IDIeHBO~OH,WI<Y1' Ha'1Her cnC)lyjj BarueM)' ycHIDllO nepeoopa'lHBafbCll. ECJJH IUI<IT6oJThllIoH, OH MO)[(er HaKpbITb Bac, CCIDI BbI He ompblIIDlTC Ha3all, KIll< TOJIJ,KOIUI<IT Ha'IHer nepeBOpa'IHJllITJ.,Cjj. EcnH nepeBepHYBmHHCjj nnOT HlUCPblJI Bac, He naIrnKyHTe. )]:HO WIOTa MjjrKOe H 3naCTWIHoe H BOKpyr rOJIOBbl 06pll3yeTcli B03~llIHJ.,JH MellIOK. IIepeBepHHTecb JIHUOM BBepx, ClIeJIaHTe B~Ox' nO~TjjHlITecb H BblHblpRlne H3-1I01IIInOTa.
,QelKypHCUI
WI1IOf1Ka
IIpbIraihe HOraMH Bnepell H c IlpliMbIM KOprryCOM. CO)[(MHTe KOJIeHKH, yxBaTHTe BepXHHe nepelIHMe qaCTH. )I{HJleTa pyKaMH H npIDKMHTe HX BHH3, lIAA H36e)[(aHHlI' yllapa 1I0 tjeJIIOCTHHn", B llIelO B MOMeHT, KOrDa BbI CTOJIKHerecb C BO1I0H. y136eraHTe npb(')f(KOB C BblC<Yrbl 60nee '1eM 10 MeTOOB.
CnacarenbHble HqlyrM
Lifebuoys
The lifebuoys must be ready for being rapidly cast off. They must by no means be permanently fastened. Be aware of the placing of the lifebuoys! To enter the buoy in water, place it in front of you and press the near part down and away from you, causing the far end to pivot up and towards you, over your head.
- Immersion suits
CrracaTCJlbHbIe KpyrH i!0JI)[(Hb16blTb raroBbl K HeMe~JleHHOMY BbI6pacblBllirnlO. OHM He ,lI,OJI)[(Hbl HMerb HH KlIKHX,lI8)[(e BpeMeHHbIX, Cpe,llCTB Kpel1JIemrn, 113yqme, paJMeIUeHHeKpyroB! .ll:JllI TOro, 'lT06bl O,ll,eTb cnacaTCJIbHbIH Kpyr B BO,lle,~ep)[(Jol1'C ero lIepe~ co6oH, Ha)J(MlI1'e'1aCTb l<pyra B03JIe MC BHH3H 01' ce6l1, rrpocyHbTe roJIOBy H PYKHB <YrBepCTHe, K<ITOpoe <ITKpoeTclinepe~ BaMH.
rlllAPOKOCTIOMbl
As the name implies the rescue boat is primarily meant for rescue actions, be it persons from own ship or other persons in peril. During such actions the boat will normally be manned by 3 persons wearing immersion suits. One person manoeuvres the boat and the other two retrieve persons from the sea.
KaK cne~er H3 Hll3BaHHlI, ~e~HalI llIJIIOnKa, B nepBylO Oqepe~b IIpe~Hll3Ha'leHa ~AA cnacaTeJIJ,HbIX onepaUHH , 6y~ JIH 31'0 qneHbI CY~OBOHKOMaH~bl HITH~yrHe JIIO~H, TepllllillHe 6e,llCTBHe. B rrpouecce ocym.ecTBneHHll 31'0H ,llejjTeJIbHOCTH B UIJIIOIIKe06b1qHO HaxO~HTCjj '£PH qeJIOBeKa, O,llerble B rH,llpOKOCTIOMbI.O,llHH tlenOBeK yrrpaBAAer llIJIIOIIKOH, a ~pyme .llB3 H3BJIeKaIOTJIIO,lleHH3 BO,llbl.
CnaearenbHble
)[(MJleTbI
The suits are provides for the rescue boat crew and for persons who way possibly have to jump into the water during ship abandonment. If all persons evacuate the ship simultaneously the suits should be taken onboard the survival craft for use against cold and wetness. If you jump into the sea with the suit, the air in the suit will be pressed out through the face lining. This may cause a dislocation of the lining and some water may enter the suit. It is thus important to press as much air out of the suit as possible before you jump. Although the suit itSelf is well insulated, the use of warm clothing underneath will increase survival time. The suit will float a person on his back and swimming is best performed by backstroke.
Lifejackels
Lifejackets are located in each cabin and at the muster-station for lifeboats and Iiferafts. There are also Iifeiackets forward and in the radioroom. Make sure that you tighten the straps well, otherwise they may slide causing the Iifejacket to be dislocated when you !:If floating in the sea It is very difficult to tighten the straps when yOll tie in the s . I.
,
CnacaTenbHble lIUlJleTbI H8XOJ\HTCH B ~OH KllloTe, a T8K)[«())lR MCCTRX c60pa y ClIaCaTeJlbHb'X (1IIJ11II\)K H CIlUCaTCJlbHblX IlJIOTOB. lIil flTCJI !>II "I )f(HJICTbl HMelOTClI
H3 6l:l!(c ~I 1\ PIIi\11oPY II "
IlpUII 1110'111. \'11(11110 JIH Ubi 3aTlIHynH 'IIIIIWI ~I. l'l~)n' 11'1', nllH MOlyI' ocna6uyTb, '1'1'(1 IIpltlU J\\'," 'MCIt\CIIHIO Harpy~mlKa UIJIll 1111HllIHlI\ I 'el. II 1l0JIe. 3aTlIHyTb 38IIt1'l' 'I, \ Jill 111.1 IIUXo)UneCb B Bo~e, OqeHb
'11l1'\I Jill
r~OKOCTIOMbl npe,ll,Hll3Ha'leHbI Will 3KHn8)[(a lIC)J()llHol1 IIImollKJoIH Will molIeH, K<ITOpbIe6y,nyr Bb~eHbl rrpbIraTb B BO~ Will OCTaBJIemrn cY,ll,Ha,ECJIH ace nO~lll<IT 60pr CY,ll,H8O~HoBpeMeHHo, rn.upOKOCTIOMbI 6ePYTClI Ha 60pl' CllacaTCJIbHOro Cpe,llCTBa~nll 3lllII,I1TbI <ITxono~a H BJIarH. ECJIH Bbl rrpbIraere B BO~ B fHlIPOKOCTIOMe, B03~ H3 Hero 6y~er BbIXO,ll,HTh 'lepe3 OTBCpCTHe AJIlI JIHUa 3TO MO)[(er Bb13BaTb cMem:eHHe JoIOCJIa6neHHe rrpIDKaTJoIjj KpaCB H 1I0nMaHHe BHYrpb BO,llbl.O'1eHb IlIDKHO BbIlIaBHThH3 KOCTIOMa KaKMO)[(HO 60JIblIIe B03~a ,lI,0TOro, KaKBbI 6y~ere nPbITlITb B BO~. X<ITjj ~POKOCTIOM caM no ce6e XOpOllIO H3oJIHPyer, ecrn Bbl o~eHere no,ll Hero TenJIYIOO,ll~, 3TO yBeJIH'lHTb BpeMjj BbDKHBaHHlI.
'.
r~pOKOCI10M 6y~er nO,lllIep)[(HBaTb qenOBeKa Ha Bo~e B nOJIO)[(eHHHHa crnme, H IUlaBaTb B HeM JJY'IIlle acero Ha crnme.
Escape
3BaKYaLlMSI Ha CYlllIC06cCIlC'll1lXlerClI CIlCTeMa nyreH 3BaKyllll;ID1113KIDI()\Oro IIOMeU\eHlIlI II OTCeKa CY,ll.Ha 3T1l nyI'll 06<,3I1a'laJOTclI 3HaJ(aMH 3eJleHoro UBeTa IIoLJ.LJ.eplKIDllliITe 6e3onacHhle YCJlOBIllIHa oopry H CJle.zurre, '1'1'061,1nym 3BaKylll.\IDI He 3arpOMO)l(,ll.aJIHCb. ,QeiiiCTBMSI no KOMaHAe <(OOKIIIHYTb CYAHO» Ha,lI.eHbTe KaJ( MOlKHO 60JlblUe TenJlOH O,ll.e)l(,ll.bl,nOCTapaHTeCb 3aU1IITHTb rOJlOBY, lUelO, pyKH H HorH. ECJlH eCTb rHLJ.POKOCTIOM Ha,lI.eHbTe ero nOBepx TenJlOH o,ll.e)l(,ll.oH. ECJIH rnLJ.pOKOCTIOMHe HMeeT C06CTBeHHoH nJlaB)"leCTH Ha,lI.eHbTe cnaCll'rem,HbIH ,lKHJleT H y6e,ll.lITeCb, 'lTO 3aJ(penHJlH ero Ha,lI.JlelKaU\HM06paJOM. BceM J1ID.\aM,CTpaLJ.aJOU\HM MOpCKOH60Jle3HbIO CJleAYeT npl1HllTb peKoMeHAYeMble Ta6JleTKH HJlH ,lI.pyrne JleKapCTBa B ,lI.03a )'Ka33.HHbIX H3roTOBlITeJleM. He,ll.oMoraHHe BbI3BllHHoe MOpCKOHOOJle3HbJOCHHlKaeI: lUaHCbl Ha BblJKlfilllHl1e; BMeCTe C pBOTHbIMH BbJ.l\eJleHI1lIMH TeplieTCli Heo6xo,ll.HMali opranmM)' )I(H,lI.KOCTb, KpoMe TOro MOpCKalI 5oJle3Hb ,lI.eJIaeI: Bac 50Jlee nO,ll.BeplKeHHbIM rnrrOTepMl1l1. PelUeHHe 06 OCTaBJIeHHHcy,ll.Ha npHHHMaeT KamrraH .. KOMaH,lI.a«nOKMIfYTbCYAHO»OT,lI.3CTClI KallIlTaHOM ronocoM, no 06111ecyllODOHlpaJ-ICJlllI.\HOHHOHcem HJm C nOMOn~f>IO )Uo6oro lIOCTYfIHOro rpoMKOf'ODOplllUCI"O YClpol1cma. CIIIl-IaJl (<I 10Kllnyn, 50pT CYi.\Ha»- Be Menee M KOp<)'I'I(WX CllllUlJlOIl II Cne.ID'lOmHH33 BWMW WII "PO)\()JI1/(IfI'CJ.hnbrn CllrHlIJI CY,ll.OIlhlM '1111'),(1M (l111)()UOll()(8CMf>le aJ-IlIJIOill'lHbIM CI1II1 II)M, 1I\)i1l1'UI 'MI,IM no CHCTeMe 06wecyilllllO' II1I('l1 \J II,I101.1 '1~lllaJllI3<llJ,illI. (' MIlM III I III)illl'IH CHrHlIJIa CnyCK Ha BO'1111\'111 1I,'IOIt) cpei~crBa JI'BJIlIeTCli 06113aH110 11.1(11\1~) KOMaJ1ill1pa
A system of escape routes is arranged from all rooms and sections of the ship These escapes are marked by green signs. Maintain the safety on board and keep the escapes free. Abandon ship instructions
Put on as much warm clothing as possible, making sure to' cover head, neck, hands and feet. _ If an immersion suit is available put it on over the warm clothing. If the immersion suit does not have inherent floatation, put on a lifejacket and be sure to secure it correctly. All persons who know that they are likely to be affected by seasickness should take some recommended preventive tablets or medicine in a dose recommended by the manufacturer. The incapacitation caused by seasickness interferes with your survival chances; the vomiting removes precious body fluid, while seasickness in general makes you more prone to hypothermia. The master of the ship makes the decision to abandon the ship. The «abandon ship» order is given verbally by the Master through the public addresser and any available loudspeaker. The abandon ship signal shall pe ~ short blasts followed by one long blast on the ship's whistle followed by the same signal sounded on the general alarm.
Avoid entering the water if possible. IIocrapaMTeCb M36clKaTb norpYlKeBHlI B Use over-side ladders, or if necessary lower BO,ll.Y·YIcnonb3yihe ,lI.JIlI IIOClIJ\KM 3a60pTyourself by means of a rope or fIre hose. Hbrn Tpan, aepeBKY HnH nOlKapHbIH mnanr. After abandoning the ship it is best to row nocne OCTaBJleHllllCYLJ.Ha, cneAYeT OTOHTM or start engine and, when well clear of the ship, . oT 50pui Ha BeCJlllXHJlH 3an:ycr:lfTh ,lI.B1ffiITeJII, search lor-any survivors. H npHcrymtTb K nOHcK)' cmu:lIIOIIJ;l1Xcli. Then join up with and make fast to any 3aTeM cneLJ.YeTnpHCOel\HHHTbCJIII 3aI<peother survival craft and remain in the vicinity IlHI1>C1I K LJ.PyrnM CIIaca-rem,HbIM cpe,ll.CTBaMH of the disaster area for at least 24 hours, as OCTllllllThCJIB paii:oHe lIBllpIDI He MeBee 24 rescue vessels and planes will proceed to the 'lacoB, TaJ(-KaJ( cnacaTeJIbHble CY,ll.aH caMonedistress call position. Thl 6yLJ.Yfcne).\OBll'rb K MCC1)'H3 KOTOporo 6bIJI nO,ll.aHCHrHlIJI6e).\CfBIllI. Action in the water ,QeMCTBMH B so,qe If necessary to jUll1P into the water before boarding the boat or raft,
Remember:
ECJIl1 HeOOXO).\HMO npblraTh B BO).ly IIepe,ll. TeM KaJ( BbI rrona,ll.ere Ha lUJiIOIlKyHJII1llJIOT,
nOMHKTe:
1). Never jwnp head first into the water 2).Jump legs first 3).Hold tight on to your life preserver ner. 4). Do not jwnp into the boat or raft While afloat in the water, do not attempt to swim unless it is to reach a nearby craft, 3 fellow survivor, or a floating object on which you can lean or climb. Unnecessary swimming will pwnp out any warm water between your body and the layers of clothing, thereby increasing the rate of body heat toss. In addition, lUIDecesSaIy movements of your arms and legs send warm blood from the inner core to the outer layer of the body. This results in a very rapid heat toss. Hence it is most important to remain as still as possible in the water, however painful it may be. Remember, pain will not kill you, but heat loss will!
I). HHKoflla He npbJTaih'e BHH3roHODOH. 2). IIpr,JTaih'e B BOllYBrrepell HOfaMH. 3). KpellKo npIDKMH:J:eCnacare.m,HbIH lKI14). He npbII'aiiTe B WJIIOllKVHJlHHa llJIOT. ECJ1IlBbI HlIXOLJ.HTeCb B DO,lI.e, He llbrraiiTecr, IlJIaJlaib, KpOMe CJIy'laeB, KOr,ll.a HeOOXO.u:HMO ,lI.OC'l'WIb HlIXO,ll.lIIl.\eroeJl Pll,ll.OMllJIOTlI,LJ.Pyroro CnacaJOllleroeli HJII1 llJIllBlIIOlllero omeKTa 33 KOTOpbIHBbI CMOlKeTe,lI.eplKllThCll HJlHHa KOTOpbIH CMOlKeTe B306plITbCli. nOllbITKll IlJII,ITb npHBO,ll.llT K TOM)', '!TO y,ll.aJIlleI:Cll HarperaIl BOlla, HaxO,ll.lIIl.\alICliMelKA)' IlllIillIM TeJlOM II CJlOJlMI1 O,ll.C)I(,lI.J,i, TlIKHM06p1l30M )'BeJiIf'IHBaeTCJI rrOTepli Tenna TeJlOM. KpOMe TOm, JII1lUHHe ,lI.BHlKeHllll P)'K H Hor Bbl3bIBl1IOT OTI'OKTellJIOH KpOBH li3 BIl)'IPCHHI1X TKlIHeH opraHKIMa K HlIp)'lKHbIM. B PeJYJIbTIITe llpOHCXO.mrr OqeHb 6bICTpllll nOTepli TellJIa HaH60nee BalKHO coxpllIDlTb B BO,lI.e HenO,ll.BHlKHOCTI>, XOTlI3TO MolKer 6bITb 6one3HeHH&IM. 3anOMIDITe, 6oJrr, Be y6heT Bac, a IIorrepli TellJIa y6heT! ECJ1Il B03MOlKHO,co6epHreCb B rpynny C LJ.PyrllMM cnacaI-Ol1lHMHClI, HlIXO.LlllIl.\HMHCJl B DO,lI.e. B rpynne 6e3orracHee, ee JIeNe 06Hl1pylKHI'b H B rpyrme neNe nOMeplKHBllTh 6o}{poCTb A)'Xa KpoMe TOro TeCHO npIDKlIBiimCb ilPyr KLJ.PyryMOlKHO YMeHbIIiHIb nOTepH TellJIa
The master of the survival cmft i li'OIlI now on responsible for the launchin or 111 survi val craft.
If possible, form a group with other survivors in the water. There is safety in numbers, and a group is more easily located and more likely to maintain morale. Hudding together will also decrease heat loss.
The body position you assume in the water is also vm important in conserving heat Float as still as possible with your legs together, elbows close to your side and arms folded across the front of your lifejacket This position minimizes the exposure of the body surface to the cold water. Try to keep your head and neck out of the water, Try to board a lifeboat, raft, or other floating platfonn or object as soon as possible in order to shorten the immersion time. Remember, you lose body heat many times faster in water than in air. Since the effectiveness of your insulation has been seriously reduced by water soaking, you must now try to shield yourself from wind to avoid a wind-chill effect. If you manage to climb aboard a lifeboat, shielding can be accomplished with the aid of a canvas cover or tarpaulin, or an unused gannent Huddling close to the other occupants of the lifeboat or raft will also conserve body heat.
nOJIOJKCI'IJ1e,KOTOooe BhI npHMI1TCIUilllJe, T"dKJKe OtIeHh BllJKHO .wIll coxp'~lHeHHlI TelUla CoxpaHllKl'(:: HenOl!8I1JKJIQCI1" no.n;rllIII1TC KOJleH!'! K ?KHBQ'D1, JIom rrpJ1JKMJ1Te K 6oKaM, a lJ)'l(]:I cKpeCTHTe BnepeJ!l1 Ha cnacarem,HOM JKHJICTC.B TaKOM nOJIOJKeIll1J1 IUIOIl!alJ,hreJIa KOHTlU<TI!jJYIOIllaJI c xOJIO,llHoa BOlloa MilllliMaJIhHa IIonbrraiITecb MPJKaTh roJI0l1Y.J1 IIIelO HM BOlloa. IIOIlbrraiITecb nO,llHJlThCli Ha IIIJIIOm<y, IUlOT, KaK)'IO-JllI6o lUlaBa!OUJ.Y!O TIJIarQJoPM)' IfJIIiI06beKT KaK MOJKHOCKOpee, 'IT06hI COKpaTIITb opeMli HaxOll<.QeHHllB BOlle. 3anoMHlITC, nOTepli TeIUIa B BOlle BOMIloro pa3 6hIcrpee tIeM Ha B03.n;yxe.IIoene HaxOJKl!eHHllD DOJJ,e, 3ljJqleKTIDlHOCTh TeIUI0H30JIlllJ,illlcepbC3HO yMeHhllleHa npoIIl'lTllllIIIeif OllC)lGly BOllOH, Tenepb Heo6xoJlHMO nOIlbmrJ:hCli )'KpbIThCli OT nerpa, '!T06hl H36eJKarb ero OXJIa>K.lJ:aJOIllero ~4K:KTa EcmI HaM YllaJIOCh no)J,HllTbCJl. Ha cnacarem,H)'!O lllJIIOm<y, 31'0 MOlKl-IO cllerurrh )'KphIBIIIHCb napycHI-IOH, 6pe3emoM IfJIIiI HeHCnOJlb3ODaHHoif oJJ,CJKJloa.COXpaHIITb TelUlO TCJlaTaKJKeMOJKHO TecHO npIDKaDUlliCb K 1!P)'illM lllOl!lIM HaXO)J,llIllHMClIHa lllJIIOIlKe1fJIlil1Ul0l)'.
BbllKMBaHMe
clothing, etc. If your clothing is wet, remove it, wring it out as dry as possible and put it back on.
In general, clothing should among survivors, but take special sick and injured. Waterproof or clothing should be made available lookout duty in the open.
be shared care of the windproof to those on
Assign one-hour watches in pairs, with one man on duty outside and one man on duty inside.
Outside
H3 KOMIUIeKTa cnacaTeJIbHOrO cHa6lKeHlill, JUIIIIH!OIO0.n:CJKJ!Y, H T.rr. ECm1 BaIIIa oJJ,ell<.Qa HaMOKJIa,BbIKpy:rHTe ee HacKOJIhKOCMOlKeTeH H8,lJ,eHhTeOllllTb. l1MelOJlJ,alICli o~ell<.Qa JJ,OJJJKHa 6bITb pa3lleJIeHa epC,llH cnacaJOIllHXClI, 0006)'10 3a6Ol)' cJIeJJ,yeT npOJIDHTb 0 60JIhHhIX Ii paHeHHhIX. BOJJ,oHerrpOlrnuaeMali Ii Henponyn8eMali o)],eJKl!a JJ,oJIlKim 6bITb nepe)J,lilia TeM, no BeJJ,eT HapyJKHoe Ha6JI!OJJ,eHlie. YCTllHODHTenaxTJ,1, B retIeHHe tIaea naxry HecyT )J,Ila tIeJIOBCKa O,ll,liH tIeJIOBCKBCJJ,eTHapyJKHoc Ha6lllO.n:eHHe,JJ,pyroif JJ,e>KypKf·BHYTPH.
3aAa'f11 HapYJKHoro Ha6nIOA8HMSI
a Look for ships, useful wreckage.
survivors,
aircraft
and
b. Flash the signalling mirror all around the horizon when there is sunshine. Someone else can see your mirror before you can see them.
a I1cKaTb cYJIa, .n:pyrnx cnacaJOIllHXClI, CaMOJIeTbl Ii rrJIaDaJOIllHe npeJ!MeTbr/06JIOMKH, KOTophIe MOlyI' 6bITb nOJle3HhIMH. b. KorJJ,a cocrnr COJIHlIe, BblCI1lBJlllTbCRrHaJIhHOC 3epKaJIO Ii rrOCblJIlITh orpalKeHlffl, MeHllJI HarIpa!lJIeHHll.Bani CIirHaJI MOJiCeT 6bTIb J8MC'ICH llIDKeTeM3, KOro BM caMH He DIi)J,J1Te. C. I1CKarb 3eMlllO. Ho'lblO, npHCJJYIIlIiBarhCli K 3B)'K)' npH60lI. 3aAa'fM AelKYpCrBaBttyTpl1
Inside
Surviving Inventory and shelter are high priorities. You must be sure that all survivors have found the liferaft or lifeboat, and make it a real shelter by insulating it against the cold. You must treat serious injuries and seek to prevent seasickness. And, you should examine the equipment and supplies carried aboard the liferaft, and read the' instructions for their use.
IIepnootIepeJJ,iIbIe 3Ma'lH - KOlITpOJIb3a HC110Jlb3ODaHHeM cnacar'eJn,Horo cHa6JKeHHlI H 06ecnetIeHHe )'KpbTmll. BhI llOJIJKHbIy6e.zum,c1l, '!TO 60JIbIIIe HHKOro He OCTaJIOCbD BOlle, a 3aTeM 3aKphITb IUlOT IfJIIiI IIIlllOllK)', 'IT06hI YRphIThCli OTXOJIo.n:aOKaJKJ1TenOMOlI.{hcepbC3HO paHeHHhlM H nocrapaifrech npeJJ,OTBparHTh MOpcKYJO6oJlC3HI>.llponcphTc o6oPYJJ,oBaHHe H' c!fcl6JKelme, KOTOph'C HaxO).(lITCli Ha IUIOl)', H3YtIHTCH1ICIPYKI (HHno HXIiCnOJlb30BllIDl!O.
npeAOTopal1\eHl1e nepeoxnaJIfAeHMSI
a Maintain the liferaft (bailing, ventilation, etc.) b. Attend to injury victims. c. Maintain equipment. d. Keep rations.
Water use
drying,
a 06CrryJKHBaTh IUIOT (DhItIepIlbmaTh DOJJ,y,OCYIIIaTb,DeHfHJIHP0BaTh, Ii T.n.) b. OKa3bIBarb I1OMOIllbpaHCHhlM. C. 06cJIYlKI'lBaTb o60pyJJ,oBaHHe. d. CJICJ!HTh3a PaIUfOHOMTIHTaHHlI.
P3CXOAOBaHMe nMTbeBOH BOAbI
Preservation
of body heat
Remember that cold is the greatest killer. Every attempt should be made to pump or ball out, and to dry out the interior by using thc sponges provided in the survival pack, exlnl
IIOMllI1"I'C 0 TOM, '/TO caMali rJlaDHali onacII 1'1. I\.IUI )I(H3111i- XOJIOJJ,.Heo6xOJlHMO lip' \IIPI1IUrIl, IJCC D03MOJKHOe,'IT06hI BbIKa'111'1'1. oW 01 IJhl'ICpllaTI> BOJJ,y,HCnOJIb3Yll ry6KH
Remember that water is a higher priority than food. You can probably live for weeks without food, but your survival will be measured in days if you have no water. Because the digestion of food drains needed water from your'body, don't eat if you have no water. Survival experts recommend that you begin drinking rationed quantities of water soon after boarding the liferaft, the amount depending upon how much you have been able to bring aboard. They suggest drinking one half of the daily ration at a time, rather than sipping very small quantities.
3anoMHHTC - Do.n:a IlIDKHee, tIeM npo.n:oBOJIhCTDHe. BpeMli B TetIeHHe KOTOpOro BhI CMOJKCTC DhiJKHTb6C3 ellbI COCTaBJIlieTHe,ll,eJIH, a 6e3 BO.n:bI- Deero HecKOJIbKO,lI,Heii. EcJIH y Bac HeT BO,lJ;bIrro(''Tapaifrecb .n:8lKe He =1>, 1l0T0M)' '!TO Ha I1]JollCCC llepenapHBaHHlI bcTlITKOBnHll(Ii 0PraIDl3M pacXOJJ,yeT DOJJ,y .. l1HcrpYKTOpbl no DhIlKlfllllHHlO peKoMeHJl.Y!OTHa'laTb nHTh HOpMIIpOBaHHbie KOJIlitIeCTBa BOt(L! IlCKope 1l0CJIe noC3J!KH, IIOplJ,HJI 3aDliCIiT OT Toro, CKOJIbKOBOJJ,bIHMeeTCli Ha IUI01Y Olm COBeTy!OT3a pa3 BhIIDlDlITbCpa3Y 1l0JlODHHYcyro'IHoif nOpllHli, a He llHTh MeJIKliMIi lJacTlIMli.
Thirst may be reduced by chewing on gum, or practically anything else. Drinking sea water will exaggerate thirst, promote water loss through the kidneys and intestines, and shorten your survival time. Under conditions of lack of water, urine is too toxic to drink and win also cut down your survival time. Alcohol will promote heat loss through the skin and water loss through the kidneys.
Use of the sea anchor or drogue
YyBCTBO)I(IDI(l.lhl MOlKHO YMeHbIilllTl>,ecJIlf )I(~BaTI,pe3RHK)', Hill! B006ute 'ITO-1IH6y.nh. Ynarpe6JleHHe MOpCKOi1 BO.L{hITOJIhKO YCWGmaeT JKliJI(.L{Y, yBeJM'IRBaer IJ<YrepHBO)l.b1 qepC3 110qKl1 Ii KHl1IeqHIDc.Moqa npH .ne<lJHwrre BO.L{h1 crdHOBIITCli CJIHIllKOMMOBIITOR, 'IT06hi ee IDlTh. AmcoroJlh YBeJlHqHBaeT I1OTepH Tel1Jla qepe3 KO)I(J H IJOTeplO BO.L{h1 qepC3 IJOl{KJ1. Bce :rro TOJlliKOCHH)I(aeTBanrn IlHlHChi Ha BLDKllilllHHe.
IIIcnanb30BaHMe I1IlaBY'lero f1KOPRMnM AJ)aot
Fire prevention and nature of fire
Good housekeeping
npeAOTBpauieHMe nO)KapOB "I npMpoAa OfHSJ
Tpe60BaHMfI no nOAAeplKaHMIO nOPRAKa
Your liferaft should have a sea anchor or drogue which is used to redllce the rate of drift away from the distress position, and thereby reduce the likely search area.
By varying the point of attachment, the drogue can be used to alter the position of the raft openings relative to the seas. The drogue can thus help you gain more shelter, or better ventilation.
Distress signals
IlrrOT .nOJDKeH6hITh oooPY.!lOBaH l1JlaBY'IHM lIKOpeM HJIIf .!lparoli, HX HCIlOJlb3)'1OT, qro6hl 3llMe;:I,JIIITI,.npei1!lJ Ii CJle.lloaarem,HO paCCTollHHe npoi1.D.eHHoeOT Mecra aBapHH, 3TO 06J1ePlaeT IlOHCKCJ)I(alI BepOllTHyIO 06JIacTh 110HCKa MeHllll TO'l:KYKpel1JlellHll l1JlaByqero lIKOpll, MOlKHO110BOpa'l:HBaThITJIOT,qro6hi H3MeHHTh IlOJIOlKeHHeBXOnOBI1J1OTaOTHOCHTeJlhHO MOpJl. TaR MOlKHO3lllltIrrIIThC»: 01' BeTpa HJII1, Hao60poT, yrryqIlMTh BelITHJIlIl{HIO.
CMfHanbl 6eACTBMfI
- Oil rags should be placed in covered metal cans and thrown away as soon as possible. - Oil-soaked clothing should not be worn by crew members. - Discarded packing materials should be disposed of immediately. - Flanunable should not be stored in crew quarters. - Oil soaked clothing or other flanunable should never be stored in crew lockers. - Paints, varnish and so forth should be stored in the paint locker when not in use, even if you'll need them again the next day. Containers should be inspected frequently for damage and leakage. - Leaks in fuel oil or tube oil piping, and spilled oil or grease, should be cleaned up immediately. Oil in bilges or on floor plates should be kept to a minimum. - Kerosene and solvents should be stored in proper containers and in approved spaces. The containers should be inspected frequently for damage and leakage. - Grease filter and hoods over galley ranges should be cleaned regularly.
The nature of fire (OXidation)
Sooner or later a ship will pass close to the survival craft and therefore it is important to keep an intense look-out day and night in order to attract attention at the night time by using the survival craft detection equipment.
>;;
In the daytime you should use the buoyant smoke signals, the daylight signalling mirror and the whistle. By night you should use the rocket parachute flares, the hand flares, the electric torch suitable for Morse ~ignalling, the whistle and the searchlight For all the detection equipment instructions are available, read them carefully.
PaBO HJIIf l1oonHO B6J1H3H Cl1acaTeJIhHoro cpe.n;crna 6yneT rrpoXO.ZJ;Irrhcy.ZJ;HO,HMeHHO 1103TOMY OqeHb BalKHO BecrH TutareJIhHOe Ha6JI1OneHHeKaR .ZJ;HeM, TaK H HOl{£,1O ,1J.JIlI TOro, qro6h1 npRBJIel{£, BHHMaHHe B HYJKHblli MOMeRT, licnoJIb3Yll cpencma 06HapJ)l(eHMJI, HMelOIUHecliHa cnacareJlhHhIX Cpe.llCTBlIX. B .ZJ;HeBHOe BpeMli 113McJIe.l\YeT HCn0Jlb30BlITh l1JlaByqHe .lJ.hIMOBhlelllaIIIKl1, CBeTOCHrHaJIhHOe 3epKlll10 H CBHCTOK. B HO'lHoe BpeMli crre.l\YeTHCn0Jlh30BaTh naparmanllile paRerbI, !lJaJllilll!lJeliephI, 3JIeKrpHqecKl1e 410HapH, npe!\H~HaqeHHble,!1illl nOnal{J1 Cill1laJJOBMOp3e, CBI1CTOK 11IlOHCKOBhle OI1ll1. l1Jm BceX cpe.ucrn 06Hapy?KeHMJIHMeJOTCJl B )lOCraTO'IHOM KOJIHqecTBeP)'KOBOllCrBa 110 HX l1CnOJlh30Bill1l110, npo'ooali HXBlIHMare.1IhHO.
- ITpoMacJleHHalI BeTOllIh .lIOJDKHa xpamm.CliB 3aKpLIBlIJOIUHXCJl MeTaJJJlHqecKHX eMKocrJIX H yotJIH3HpOBaThClI,KaRMOlKHO CKopee. - lJJIeHbI KOMaH.L{h1 He .lIOJIlKHbI HOCl1Tb npoMacJIeHHYlO onClK.l\Y. - CJle.l\YeT HeMeJUIeHHO H36aB.rnm.CJI OT HeHYJKHbIX YIlaKOBOqm,IXMarepHaJJOB. - OrneorraCHhle BeutecrBa He nOJIlKHbI XPaHHTbCJIB )I(HJlOHqacTH HaLlCTpoliKH. - 3anpeutaeTCli xpamrn, B PYH.l\YKaxllpoMaCJIeHHYlO O.llClK.l\YHJII1 KaKHe-JlH60 orneonaCHble BelI\ecroa. - KpacKl1, JlaKH H T.n. 110CJle OKOH'l:aHI1lI pa60Thi .lIOJIlKHbI 6hITb B03BpanreHbI B MaJIJlPHylO KilaLlOBYIO, .lIalKe, ecJIH BbI 6Y.llere HJ)I()laThCli B HHX CHona Ha cJle.l\YlOIUHli .lIeHb. EMKOCTH.lIOJDI\lIbIperymlpHo OCMarpHllln'bCJl Ha Ilpe.ZJ;MeT nOBpelK.l\eHHli HJII1npOTeKaHHH. - ITpareQKl1 B TOITJIHBHbIXH MacJIillIhIX TPy60I1poBO.n;ax, a TaKlKe Pa3JIRBhI TOI1JIHBa HJIIf MaCJIa nOJIlKHbI HeMeJUIeHHOy6HpaThCJl. YpOBeHh B C60pHHKaX npareqeK 11nOMOHax nOJDKeHnOMeplKHBlIThCli Ha MHHHM)'Me. - KepocHH H PacTBOPHTeJIH 1l0JIlKHbl coXPaHllThCJlB HanrrC)l(auteH Tape H B pa3pellleHHhIX Mecrax. EMKOCTH .lIOJIlKHbIperyJlllpHO oCMaTpHBlITLCJl Ha Ilpe.ZJ;Mer nOBpelK.l\eHHliHJIH npoTeKaHHH. - <l>11Jlli TPLI H BLITJIlKKH Hall KaM6y3HhIMH I1JlIITaMHnOJIlKHbIperyJlllpHO OqHutaThCli.
npMpOAa nOlKap&(OKMcneHMe)
Fire or combustion is rapid oxidation in which a fuel turns to vapor and mixes with oxygen at a very high rate of speed. Byproducts of the process are heat and light, or flame.
The fire· tetrahedron
ropeHHe HJIH83phlB )TO 6blC:rpoe OKHCJleHI1e npl1 KOTOpOM roplOqee I1cnapJleTCli H pearnpYeT C KHCJlOP0.llOM OqeHb 6hICTpO. ITo60QHble fIjJ0.l\YKThlPeaK1IIDl - TeI1JlOH CBeT, HJII1l1JlaMll.
nl-tpaMMAa ~OpeHMfI
A tetrahedron iSa solid figure with four triangular faces. It shows the four things required
f111paMH.lIa- )I(ecrKaJ! !lJwypa C qeTblpLMlI TpeyroJIhHhIMH rpaHllMl1. OHH CHMBOJIH3H-
for combustion: fuel (to vaporize and bum), oxygen (to combine with the fuel vapor), heat (to raise the vapor to its ignition temperature) and the chain reaction (the chemical reaction among the fuel, oxygen and heat).
pYJOT 'lCTbl]Je KOMllOHeHTllHe06xo):(I'IMble ,llJllI ropeHIDl: TOnRimo ('IT06bl ItcnapJITbCR H ropCTb), KHCJIOpOJ\('!T06bl pearnpolllITb C Hcna· peHHbIM TOnJlliBOM), BblCOKIDI TeMneparypa (tff06bI J\OBeCTH napbl .l\O TeMneparyphl B03ropaHIDl)It~~IDIP~H(~~ec~ peaKUID! MeJK1IY TOI1JllIBOM H KHCJl<>pOJIOM, npOHCXOID!lllIDI npH BbICOKOM: TeMneplfIYPe).
caMonpoM3BonbHoe BOCnnaMeHeHMe
Charging
storage
batteries
3aPfl,[\Ka aKKYMY1UITopoB
Spontaneous
ignition
Spontaneous combustion is often overlooked as a cause of fire aboard ship, yet it can occur within many common materials. Oil-soaked rags in a wann, unventilated comer are all it takes to cause a fire. When electrical equipment wears out, is misused or is poorly wired. Numerous vessel crew member left a quarters. As the ship combustible material with the hot bulb and fires have started when a lamp lit in unoccupied rolled, curtains or other came in direct contact ignited.
CaMoB03ropaHHe 'lacro CUIHOBHTCIInpH'lIffiOH nO)J(llJ)a Ha 6op1Y CY.l\Ha, caMOBOCIlJIllMeHHTbClIMOI)T MHorne 06bI'lHble MarepHaJlbI. TIP~IDlOH nOlKapa MOlKCT CTlITbBeTOIIlb B TefIJIOM,HeBeHTHJ\ItPyeMoM yrny. Koma 3J1eKlpH'lecKoe o6opY.l\oBaHHe H3HaIIlliB3efClI, HenpaBHJlbHO 3KCIlJI)'lITItPyercR HJIHnpoBO)\Ka He COOTBeTCTBYCT rpe6oBaHIDlM. roPRlI\alI JIaMna, OCTaaJIeHHalI'lJIeHOM3KHnaJKa B nyCTOHKaI<>Te, CTaJla npH'lIffiOH MHornx CY.l\OBblXnOlKapoB. TIplt Ka'lKe, 3llH3BeC ItJIH '!\pyroH roPJO'IIlli Marepl'I!lJI npHKOCHYJICR HenocpeJ\CTBeHHOKJIaMne Ii BOCflJlaMeHHJIClI.
MaWMHHoe OTA&Jl&HMe
When storage batteries are being charged, they emit hydrogen, a highly flammable gas. Amixture of air and between 4.1% to 74.2% hydrogen by volume can be explosive. Hydrogen is tighter than air and will rise as it is produced. If ventilation is not provided at the highest point in the battery charging space, the hydrogen will collect at the overhead. Then, any source of ignition can cause an explosion and fire.
Smoking
TIplt 3apll.l\Ke aKKYMyJlllTOpOB Bbl.l\eJIllCTClI 'IpC3BbI'laM:HO orneonacHbIH ra3 - BOJ\OPOJ\. CMecb B03nyxa!oJ 4.1-74.2% BOJ\op0.l\a MOJKCT 6brrb B3pbIBoonacHoH. Bo.l\0p0.l\ ner'le B03.l\Yxa JolnOJlHJolMaerCR,KaK TOJIbKO npOH3BeJ\eH. ECIm B CaMOH BbICOKOM: TO'lKe aKKYMYJIlITOPHOM:He 060pYllOBaHa BeHrl1JIllI{liJl, BO.l\0P0.l\ 6YJ\CT HaKa.rIJIHBaTbCSI. Tor.l\a, mo60H HCTOqHHKorHll MOlKCT BbI3BaTb B3pbIB H nOlKap.
KypeHHe
Careless smoking is a key fIre hazard. Ashtrays should be emptied into metal containers with lids, not cardboard boxes used as trash containcrs. In hazardous areas, no smoking warnings should be posted and observed. Smoking in bed should ~ prohibited.
IlpH'lJolHOR MHorl1X nOlKapoB CTaHOBIITClI He6pelKHoe ~HHe. IleneJIbHJolllbI llOiIJl(HbI OnOpOlKHRTbClI B MCTa.J1JlliLlecKHe 6aKR C KpbnnKaMJol, a He B KapTOHHble Kop06KH. B 1l0JKapOOnaCHbIX MeCTax CJle.l\YCTYCTllHOBHTb npeJ\OCTepClKeHIDI H KOmpOIDl:pOBaTb I1X CO6mo.l\eHHe. KypeHHe B nOCTeJJlIJ\OJllKHO6bITb 3anpemeHO. CKpblTble nO>Kapbl
Engine rooms
Cylinders used to contain gas or other hazardous substances (whether full, or empty) should be stowed on open decks. Valves, pressure regulators and pipes leading from the cylinders should be protected from damage.
liaJIJlOHbI no.l\ .lIaBJIeHHeM C ra30M IDlli .l\pyntMH onacHblMIi BemecTBllMH (KaK 3arI0JIHeHHble, TaR It nycrble) CJle.l\YCTxpaHHTh Ha OTKpbITbIX nally6ax. KJIanaHbl, peryJIllTOPbI ,L\aBJIeHIDI Ii IIlJIaHrn OT6mOHoB Heo6XOJIHMO <Jgeperarb OTnoope)J()\eHHii.
Before a compartment or bulkhead door is opened to check for fire, the door should be examined. Discolored or blistered paint indicates fire directly behind the door. Smoke puffing from cracks at door seals or where wiring passes through the bulkhead is also an indication of fire. The bulkhead or door should be touched with the back of a bare hand. If it is hotter than normal, it is probably hiding a fIre.
Do not open a door hiding a fIre until help and a charged hoseline are at hand. Fire extinction Upon outbreak of fire immediately the nearest fire alann button and call: press
ECJIH eCTb nOJ\03peHHe Ha 1l0lKap, npC)J()\e qeM OTKpbITbrrepe60poLIHYJO .l\oepb JolJIH llBepb B nOMemeHHe ee He06xo,URM:0OCMOrpCTb. 06eCUBCQeHHalI HIm ny3bI]JRmallCSI KpacKa roBOpHT 0 TOM, '!TO orOHb HaxO.l\HTCSI npSIMO 3a llBepbJO. ):{I.IM Kny611mHi1:cSIH3 .l\BCpHbIX meneH liJIH B Mecrax rJ\e 3neKlponpOBO)\Ka rrpoXO.l\HT CKB03b nepe60PKY TaKlKe llBJUlCTClI npH3HaKOM nOlKapa. CJle.l\YCTllOTp0HYTbCJIllO nepe60pKI1 I1JHI llBepH TbJJlbHOH crOpOHOM: nazroHH. ECRif OHa ropJlLJee qeM 06bI'lH0, eCTb BepOllTHOCTbnOJKapa. He OTKpbfBaiITe .l\Bepb 3a KOTOPOHHaxO.l\IITClInOlKap, nOKa He npli6y.l\CT nOMOII.{b11He 6Y.l\eT nO.l\roToBneH nO:>KapHbIH IIIJIiIHf. TyweHHe nO>Kapa 06Hap}?KHLl B03ropaHlfe HeMellIJeHHO HalKMH6JlJ1)I{ai-imylo KHOnK}'nOlKapHOH rpeBorn 11co06u!I1 06 3TOM: - BaxTeHHoMy Olf!Huepy Ha MOCl'HKe - BaxTeHHoMy o(fll1l~epy B MaIlllffl)'. TIpoMellIJel-lJoleC CH.rHaJIOM rpeBorn 06bI'l-
- the duty officer on the bridge - the duty officer in the engine room. A delay in sounding the alarm usually a1-
When you sound the alarm, be sure to give the exact location of the fire, including the compIDtment and deck leveL It confirms the location (or the vessel's fire, p,arty and gives them information regarding the type of fire to expect. Tj1e exact location may indicate the need to shut down certain fuel, electric, and ventilation systems, and it indicates what doors and batches must be closed to isolate the fire. Steps shall be taken to ensure that all persons near the scene of fife are warned and if necessary assisted to a safe position.
Basic rules: - limit spreading ofthe fire, - cool the material aflfe, - cut off airsupply.
Destroying the fire tetrahedron
HO npl1BOlurr K TOMy, 'lTO MaJleHbKHH rro)f(ap CTaHOBIITCJr60JJ1,UII1M. 06MIRllJIli TPeBOry Bbl .ll.OJDKHbl C006LUIITb TO'lHoe MecTO ITO)f(apa, BKJlIO'lali ITOMelIlelllle H nany6y. Bbl. co06LUaere MCCTO B03ropaHllil nOlKapHoH naPTillt H .ll.aere l1Hcj!OPMa1U'!IO 0 TOM, 'lero 11McJIeD.)'eT OJKJ1J~aI'b.BblJlCHllercJI, eCTb 00 Heo6xo.ll.HM0CTbB BhIKJlIO'leHIDIKaI<HX0060 yqacTKOB TOllJIHBHbIX, BeHTllJIllUHOHHbIXCI1CTeM 11:meKTjXJ06opY.ll.omUIIDI11KaKl1e ,!IBep1111 KpbUllKl1.ll.OJI)I(ffi,I 6brrb 3aKpbITbI, 'fro6bI 1130OOpOBaI'brrO)f(ap. CJIe.ll.yer ITpe.ll.ITpHHlITb MepbI K TOMy, 'lT06bl y6e.ll.I1TbCli B TOM, '11'0 Bce JIlIl\a B6JII1311 oqara ITOlKapa OITOBeLUCHbl11, ecnl1 31'0 He06xOll11M0, OKa3aTb 11MITOMOIllbH BblBeCTH B 6e30ITaCHOe MeC'l'O. OCHOBHbIe npaal1JIa: - orparIl1'lb pacnpoCTpaHeHllC OfHll, - OXJIillKllaHropJILUl1e npe.ll.MCTbI - orpelKb llOe:ryn B03.nyxa
Pa3pyweHlIIe nlllpaMIIIAbi ropeHIIISl
CpeACTBa TYweHlIISl
Fire in:
rOp~utl11i1 MATEPl1AIl A. Solid materials such as wood fabrics, ropes accommodation
Is normally best extinguished
flYlfWEE
using:
CPEJ,lCTBO TYWEHl1~
Water(Foam may also be used)
BOlla (MO)f(CT HCn0JIb30BaTbCJIneHa)
A. IlJI01'Hble MarepHaJlhl TaKHe KaKllpeBecl1Ha, TKaIrn, rpOCbI, BepeBKH, ITOMeLUeHllil
B. Inflammable liquids such as oil, petrol and fatty substances Foam, carbon dioxide (C02), dry powder or sand. If the fire is not too serious, water fog (fog nozzles) may be used.
B. BOCnJlBMeHJIJOIlllfeCJI:JKI1.ll.KOCTI1 TaKHe KaK MaCJIa, rOpIOqee 11npoMacJleHHble MaTepl1aJ1hl
neHa, yrJIeKHCJI01'Hble (C02) 11nopomKOBble orneT)'llJ= HJIHnecoK. ECJIlI BOCI1J1BMeHeHlIe He BCJIlIKO,MO)f(]1O I1CITOJIb30BaTb .paCITbIJIeHHyIO BOD.)'(BOllopacITbIJIlITCJIlI)
C02, dry powder or Halon.
C. Electrical installations
3JleKrpWleCKHe Marnl1Hbl 11npl160phI
D. Inflammable Vapours
CO2, ITOPOllJKOBhleHJIHXJlB.QOH.
C02, dry powder or Halon.
BOCTUlBMeHJIJOIl.\l1ecJI lIaph[ Portable fire extinguishers
CO2, 1I0POllJKOBbieI1JIlIXJIa,uOH. nepeHOCHble orHeTywMTellM IIepeHocHble omeryurn:reJIl1 MOryl' 6bITb JIerKO 1l0craaneHbI K MeCT'j nO)f(apa, '11'0 no3BOJIJIeT 6bICTPee Ha'laTh TYllJeHlle, HO OHI1 COlleplKar JII1llJb orpaHl1'leHHOe KOJll1qeCTBO cpellCTBa llJIJI TyuIeHllil. OHO 6b1CTPO pacxoD.)'CTCJI,npO.ll.OJIlKHTeJIhHO(''1'b .ll.ei1CTBllilnepeHOCHbIX orneryurn:reneli OKono 8 ceJ<YHll. IT03TOMY, BlI:JKHO nOllroTOBlITb 1l01l0JIHJITeJIhHble orHeTyuIlITeJIH HJIH ITO)f(apHbrn WJlaI!r. Toma, eCJ1I1np01130H.nCT OTKa3 ITepBOrO orneTYlUHTeJIli I1JIl1cpellCTBa .ll.JIJl'I)'llJeHllil B HeM OKB)f(erCJI Hellocra:rOqHO, 1l0nOJIHJITeJIhHble omcrywl1l'eJIH I1UH110lKapHbID llJnaIIf MO)f(HO 6YlleT I1CnOJlh30BaTb, qT06bl 3aKOH'IlITb pa60TY. TlIInbl OrHeTYWKTeneH
A fire can be put out by destroying the fire tetrahedror.. If the fuel, oxygen or heat is removed, the fire will die out, if the chain reactions is broken, the reduction in vapor and heat will put out the fire.
IIo)f(ap MOlKHOITOT)'llllITb, pa3pyrnl1B IllIpBMHJJ.Y ropeHllil. Ecoo yllaJJllTb TOnJIl1BO I1JIlI ITpeKparl1Tb nocryruleHHe KI1CJIOP0.ll.a,I1JII1nOHH311TbTeMITeparypy nJIaMJI noraCHer, ecoo ueITHali peaKl\I1lI pa30pBaHB, YMeHbllJeHHe l1CnapeHllil H Clffi)f(eHl1e l'eMITeparypbl npHBe.ll.cr K TOMY, '11'0 TUlaMJIHoracHCT.
lfeT1blpe cnoco6a nOraCKTb oroHb:
Four ways to put out a fire:
- remove the fuel; _ remove the air with a smothering agent like CO2 or foam; - remove the heat with water; - or break the· chain reaciion with dry chemical'or Halon.
- Y.ll.aJll1Th fOpIOqee; - npeKparHTb 1l0C'l)'n KHCJIOpOlla l'yumIllI1MHareHTBMl1, KaK CO2 HJIHneHa; - nOHl13HThTeMnepaJ-ypy BOllOH; - pa3PYllIlITh ueITHYIOpeaKiu-oo cyxoi1 XliMl1eiiiI1JIHXaJlOHOM.
Portable extinguishers can be carned to the fire area tor a filst attack, but they contain a limited supply of extinguishing agent. The agent is quickly used up, and continuous application can exhaust the extinguisher in as little as 8 seconds. For this reason, it is important to back up the lead extinguisher with additional extinguishers or a hose line. Then, if the first extinguisher fails or does not have enough agent to put the fIre out completely, the additional extinguishers or the hose line can be used to finish the job.
Classes of fire extinguishers
~
Every portable and semiportable extinguisher is classified in two ways, with one or more letters and a numeral. The letter or letters indicate the classes of fires on which it may be used. These letters correspond to the four classes of fires. For example, Class A extin-
Bce n0p11\TI1IlHhle 11 ITOJIynOpTal'l1BHble omeryUII1TeJlI1 MapKl1pYl<Yrcll.ll.BYMJIrpynnaMIf CI1MllOJlon: O.ll.HOI1 I1JIl1J~BYMlI6yKBBMI1 11 lll1cj!pol1. E)'Klla I1JIH 6yKBb[ nOKa3hIBlU01' llJIJI TYllJeHHlI KaKHx KJIaCCOB nO)f(apOB npellHa3Ha'leH orHC'IYI.lIl1TeJlb. 3TH 6)'KBbI COOTBerCTBy-
guishers may be used only on Class A fires those involving common combustible materials. Class AB extinguishers may be used on fires involving wood, diesel oil or both.
The numeral indicates the relative size or efficiency of the extinguisher. For example, a 4-A extinguisher will extinguish twice as much Class A fire as a 2-A model.
C02 Extinguishers
IOf "IeThlpeM KJlaCcaM nOlKapOB. Hanpl1Mep, OfHe1YUIlrrellll nll1a A npemm3Ha"leHhI .n.llH TYllleHIiSI nOlKapoB KJlacca A ropelllie 06hfllHhIX roplO"IIiX MaTepmlJlOB. OrHeryulIiTellll nma AB MOlKHOHCnOnh30BaTh, KaK .n.AA TyllleHIDlllepeBa, TaK 11.n.H3enhHOrOTOnllllBa. Umppa nOKa3hIBaer OTHOCl1TenhHhlHpa3Mep I1lll1 3epepeKTl1BHOCTb ofHerYIlurreAA. Hanpl1Mep, npH T)'llleHHl1 nOlKapa KJlacca A orj-1e1YIJ.llfiCJIh nlIla 4-A 6y.n.er pareH IIO 3epepeKTI1BHOCHI.uBYM THIIa 2-A.
OrHetywKTem" C CO2
the propellant gas, which forces the extinguishing agent up to the nozzle. The flow of dry chemical is controlled with the squeezegrip On/Offnozzle at the end of the hose. Test the discharge momentarily before you approach the fire - extinguishers don't always work. Stay low and direct the discharge at the seat of the fire, starting at the near edge. The stream should be moved from side to side with rapid motion, to sweep the fire off the fuel. On a weather deck, the fire should be approachcd from the windward side jf at all possible.
The extinguisher is carr:ied to the fire in an upright position. Its short mnge means that the operator must get fairly close to the flTe. The extinguisher is placed on the deck, and the locking pin is removed. The discharge is con~ trolled either by opening a valve or by squeezing two handles together. The operator must grasp the hose and not the discharge horn. 11le CO2 expands and cools very quickly as it leaves the extinguisher. The horn gets cole enough to frost over and cause severe frostbite (3). Remember that CO2 displaces oxygen. When a CO2 extinguisher is used in a confined space, the operator must guard against suffocation by wearing breathing apparatus, or by immediate evacuation.
CartridglH>perated Dry Chemical Extinguishers
OfHe1Yllll1TCJIh yJIeplKI1Bae"rcll B nepcaepHYTOM1I0nOlKeHHl1.Ero Manhrn Pa.n.HYc.n.eM.CTBHlI 03Ha"laer, 'ITO 'iCJIOBeKOCYIllCCTBAAIOIllI1H lyrneHI1e .n.OJIlKeHnpOOJIl13HThCSI K orHIO KaK MOlKHO6lll1JKc. OrnefYllll1TCJTh 1I0MelllaIOT Ha naJly6y H YllaJIllKH npeAoxpamrre.jlbH)'1O 'ieKY. Hanop pcryllllpyercll npl1 IIOMOI.WIKllarraHa, IDl.M CTeneHhIOCJKlmISI.uByxpY"!eK. qenoBcK ocyw:ecrBJISIIOW:11H TYIlIeHRe JIo.1J.JKeH .n.eplKaThcSI3a lllIJaHr, a He 3a pOlKOK. CO2 BbIXomrr H3 orneTYllll1TeAA H O"leHh 6blCTpO oxnalKllaerCSI npR paCllll1peHHl1. P:)lKOK CTaHOBI1TCll.n.oCraTO'lHO XOnOJIHhIM, 'IT06hl npl1Becrn K Cepbe3HoMY 06MOpOlKeHI11O (3). llOMIDfI"e0 TOM,'iTO CO2 3aMelllaer Kl1cnopo.n.. Korlla CO2 IiCnOnh3YercSIB orpaHI1'ieHHOM npocrpaHcrae, 'lenOBeK ocymecrBnlllOIllI1H T)'llleHfle, 'iT06bi fl36elKaTb YJIYllIbSI,.n.OJllKeH BOCn0nh30BaTbClI llbIXaTeJIhHhIM armaparoM IDl.M HeMenneHHO noKJ1HYTbnOMew:eHI1e.
OrHelYWI'ITeml C CYXI'IMI'I XI'IMI'lKaTaMI'I C naTpOHOM
6aJmOHa BbIXO.n.HT ra3, 06pa30BaBllleecll BH)'TPfl ornC1YJinrrenSI .n.aBneHHe Bbffil.JIKlffiaer 'iepe3 corum TylllaIuee Bew:ecrno. CrpYSI CyxHXXHMRKarOBBKJlIO'laercSI,BhIKJllO'iaeTCllH ynpaBJllIeTCSI peryJllip)'IOlUl-IM ycrpOHCTBOM c connOM, KOTOpoe Hax01UlTC1IHa KOHUellIJJaHra. I1CIlbITaHTe OrHe'JY!flliTenh rrepe.n. flCn0nh30HaHflCM BKnIO'iI1Bem Ha MrnOaeHI1e - orneryllll1TClII-I He BCerJIa pa6oTaJor. IIpHcll.ll.bTC 11 HanpaBTe crpYlO K OCHOBaHHlO nnaMeHl1, Ha'iaB err 61lIDKHeM. Kpall. DhI<''TphIMl1JlBHlKeHHllMRnepeMelllaHTe CTpYlO ill CTOPOHhIB croPOH)', "IT06bl c6i1Tb nnaMSI. Ha OTKpbITOM. nany6e JlY"Illle T)'I.IlliTh omHh c HaaerpeHHOH cropoHhI, eCllll TIO Bo06111eB03MOlKHO.
OrHetyWKTelll'1 C CYXI'IMIIIXI'IMI'lKaTaMI'I nOA AaB11eHl'leM
Stored-pressure Dry Chemical Extinguishers
Stored-prcssure dry chemical cxtinguishers come in the same sizes as cartridge-operated types. They have the same ranges and durations of discharge and are used in the same way. The only differences are that the propellant gas is mixed in with the dry chemical in the storedpressure type, and the extinguisher is COr'.trolled with a squeeze-grip trigger on the top of the containcr. A pressure gauge indicates the condition of the charge.
Halon extinguishers
OfHeTYlllHTellll C Cyxl1MR XI1MHKaTaMI-I no.n. .n.aBneHHeMl1MelOf Te lKe pa3Mephl, '1TO 11 Mo.n.enH c nlrrpOHoM. OHI1 l1MelOf TaKOH JKe panf:\Yc .L\CM.CTBHlI, npo.n.OJIlKHTeJIhHDcrbpa60Tbl 1-1npRMeHlllOTcSI aJla.nOrl1'iHO. Pa31lliLJl-le 3aK1lJO'iaerCSIB TOM, LITOnn C03.uaIOIUHH.n.aBneHI1e HaxO.n.I1TCliBMeCTe C cyxmrn XRMHKaTaMIl H npOR3Bo.n.HTCJIhHOCfh ynPaBnlIercSI pcrynHPylOlll11M ycrpoHCTBOM B BepXHeH 'iacTI-I orHeTyllll1TenSI. MaHOMerp nOKa3hrnaer COCTOlIHI1e 3aPSI.!l.Kl1.
OrHetyWKTelll'1 COAeplKaU(l'Ie XaIlOH
The extinguisher is carried aJ}d used at an angle slightly forward of the veJ1ical:The ring pin is removed, and the puncturing lever is depressed with a blow from the palm of the hand. Be sure the screw-cap at the top of the extinguisher is pointed away from you when you activate the extinguisher in case it has been improperly secured. It could blow up in your face. .Depressing the puncturing lever releases
OrHeTylllHTCJIh .n.eplKaT BepTI1KanhHO, HeMHOro,HaKJIOHI1B Bnepe.u. npe.n.OXpaHl1TeJIhHalI 'ieKa YllaJlel-Ia H nyCKOBOH phl'iar onYllleH y.n.apOMnanOHI1. llepe.n. TeM KaK aKTlffiHPOBaTb OfHeT)'llJRTenb, y6e.mrreCb, 'ITO KOllila'lKOBall rafiKa HaXO.!l.lllllallCllcBepxy, HanpllBJIeHa B CTOpOH)'0'1' Bac, Ha C'lYLIaH,eCllll OHa nJlOXO 3aKpefIJleHa. OHa MOlKer BblJlereTb BaM B nHilO. nocne HalK~rrflll Ha. nyCKOBOH phfllar H3
The extinguisher is carried to the fire, and the locking pin is removcd. The discharge is controlled by squeezing the control valve carrying handle. The Halon should be directed at the seat offire and applied with a slow, side-toside motion, it should be directcd at the source of an electrical fire.
Foam extinguishers
OfHerYIllHTCnh npI-IHOCSIT K Mecry nOlKapa fl y.uanlllOT npc.n.oXpaHflTeJIhH)'lO qeKY. IlpoH3Bo.n.HTeJlhHOCTb peryJIlipYlOT ClKI1MalIPYKOlITK)', CB1l3aI-lH)'IO c ynPaBJISIIOW:HM KJlarraHOM. XanOH CJlCllyer HanpaBJlSITh B OCHOBaHI1erlJlaMeHH, Mc.n.Jlel-IHO rrepeMelUalI C1'PYIOfl3 CTOpOHbl,B cropOIly" rrpH T)'llleHIfJ-I 3neKl'Poo60py.n.OBaHlill-lia IiCl"OLIHI1K BOCnnaMeHeHflSI.
neHHble OfHetyWI'ITelll11
Foam extinguishers are carried to the fire right" side up, then inverted to mix the solution and fonn liquid foam plus CO2 gas. The CO2 acts as thc propellant and fills the foam bubbles, and the liquid foam expands to about 8 times its original volume.
IIeHHhlC orllcrYWI1TCJll-I .n.eplKar BCpTflKaJIbHO, :k1TCMIIcpclJOpa411 Ilillor, Lrro6bl cMelliarb lKI1.!l.KOCIH)JJHI 06P<tlOIk'UII111 )KlilJ.l(OH neHbl fl CO2. C~ C03J.\aerIlc06XO)~I1Moe )~aruleHl1efl 3all0JIHlIeI 11Y3hipbl01 nCllh~ lKl-!J.(KlIlIneHa YBeJll-ILll1BaeTClI .n.o 8 pa3, omOCHTCJlhllOlIaLlaJlhHOroo6beMa
To avoid scattering the foam or the liquid, foam should be applied gently on burning liquids by «bouncing» it off a nearby surface and allowing it to run down onto the liquid until the entire surfaces covered. If the fire involves ordinarywmbustibles, apply the foam as a blanket, or use the force of the stream to cover the seat ofthe fire.
Fixed fire extinguishing systems
41'061,1 M36elKa1'b pm6pb13rnBaHllil neHbI illIH ropllIlleH lKH,UKOCTH, neHy cJle.llYeT HaHOCHTb OcrOpOlKHO, mmpaamlll crpYJO Ha 6J1M3JlelK3lIl)'IO nOBepXHOCTh Tal<, qT06hI OHa creKana c Hee Ha ropllIllYJO lKillIKOCTbnOKa He nOKpOeT Beeb oqar nOlKapa.EcJIM roPllT 06bJqHble rOpIOqHe MaTepHaJJbl, HcnoJlb3yme neny lOll! c0311aHIDInOKpoBa HJIMCHny CrpYH, qT061>IC6HTbOroHb. CraLlMOHapHble CIIICTeMbl TYweHI1Sf
4) An examination has been made to see if the vessel has been damaged by the fire. High temperatures can cause decks, bulkheads and other structural members to warp or become structurally unsound. 5) Any necessary dewatering procedures have been started. 6) A muster has been conducted to account for all personnel. Medical emergencies at sea - First of all check for airway, breathing and circulation (heartbeat). - Gently shake the victim's shoulders and shout to see if he is conscious. - If you are alone, call for help. - Position the victim on his back on a hard, flat surface. A victim with suspected neck injuries who is lying on his stomach needs his neck stabilized as you roll him on his back.
4) Ol\eHKy nOBpeJi\l1eHHli nOJ1y'leHHbIX CyllllOM B pe3YJlbTaTe nOlKapa I10ll 11eHCTBMe BblCOKOH TeMIlepaTYIJbI nany6bl, nepe60pKH 11 llPyrne CTPYKTYPHbIe3JleMeHThl MOfyT lle<jJOpMHpOBa1'bCJI I1J1H nOTepllTb Ha,u,elKHOCTb. 5) ITpe.unpHHIITbl He06xonHMble neHCTBHJI no oCYUIelrn:Jo. 6) KarntTaH npOBeJI nOBepI<)' Bcero 3KHnaJKa. 3KcTpeHHbie MeAMl.\MHCKMe cny'faM B Mope - B nepByIO Oqepellb npOBepbTe npoxollHMOCTh JlbIXaTeJlbHbIX nyreH, .ubIXaHHe 11 KpoBo06pameIDIe (cep11l\e6HeIDIe). - 110TpYCHTe nocrpa,u,aamero 3a nne'll1 H nOIlbITaRreCb nOHIITbB C03HaHHI1JIMOH. - ECJIMBbI OllHH,n030BHTe Ha nOMOmb. - y JlOJKHTenocrpa,u,aBIDerO Ha CnHHY Ha lKeCfK)'lO npllMYIO nOBepXHOCTh. [loC'rpallaBmeMY, Y KOTOpOro MOlKeT6bITh nOBpeJi\l1e~IHe IDeM 11 Koropbrn JleJKHTHa lKHIIOTe,.Hco6xol~HMO3a¢HKcHpoBaTb UICIOnepc.u TeM, KaKero nepeBOpa'fMBaTb Ha cnHHY.
IIIcKYcCTBeHHoe AblxaHllle
Engine rooms and other high risk spaces should be fitted with carbon dioXide or Halon 130 I fixed tire extinguishing systems.
MamHHHble O1'lle.ileHIDIHllpyrne onacHble B nOlKapHOM o1'HOllieIDIH nOMemeIDIJl ll0JIlKHbI 6bn'b 060PYllOBaHbI CTaIlliOHaplIbIMH CHCTeMaMH 'I)'llIeHIDI C yrJleKHCJlbIM fll30M HJIH XanoHOM 1301.
BOAl!
Water
The ability to absorb huge amounts of heat and the ready availability of water at sea make it an ideal extinguishing agent for use aboard ship. There are some additional side benefits that water has as an extinguishing agent When water flashes to steam it expands approximate~y 1,700 times its original liquid volume. The expanding steam acts to reduce the oxygen content in the flame area This steam smothering effect is temporary since the velocity of the gases in the flame area tend to pull thc steam upward with the escaping ga'>Cs. When the fire is out Before a fire can be considered out, the onscene leader must ensure that certain essential steps have been taken. These include: 1) A thorough examination of the fife area to ensure that all potential paths of fire spread have been examined. 2) All smoke and combustion gases have been removed through ventilation. 3) A reflash watch has been established.
Cnoco6Hocrb nOrnOmaTb orpoMHoe KOJIHqCCfBOTenJlOTbI H HaJJHqHCBcerlla Ha roTOBC MOpCKOMBOllbI 11CJlaIOT ee l1llealbHbIM cpellcr80M lOll! 'I)'llIeHIDI Ha 60pry cynOB. B KaqeCfBe Cpell'-"TBa lOll! 'I)'llIeHIDI BOlla HMeeT pJlll nOJlC3HbIX CBoMem. Kor.a.a BOlla npeBpamaeTCJI B nap, OHa paclliHpJleTCJI npH6JlH3HTeJlbHO B 1700 pm, OTHOCHTeJIbHO HCXOllHOro 06beMa 80111,1.I1pHCyTCrBHe BOllJlHOro napa CHHlKaeT cOllepJKaHHe KHCJlOpOlla B oqare nOlKapa. flOT 3¢¢eKT raIJleHIDI napOM BpeMeHHbrn, nOKa CKOpOCTh YXOllllmHX fll30B B O'fare nOlKapa He cra.HeT llOCTaTOqHOH, '1T06bl YBJleqr, nap 3a C060H. KorAa nO>KapnOTYweH ITepell TCM,KaK nOlKap MOlKHO6YJleT C'II1TaTb nO'I)'llIeHHbIM, '1enOBeK, KOTOPblHPYKOBOllHJllyUIeHMeM ll0JllKeH y6ellHTbClI, qTO BbmOJlHeHplill 8a)l<HbIX npOl\C11YP.OHMI3KJ1IOqaIOT: 1) TmaTeJlbHbrn OCMOTp MeCfa nOlKapa, qT06hl y6e11HTCJI,'ITO Bee B03MOJKHbIe nyrM pacnpoCTpaHeHHJI nOJKapa npOBepeHbI. 2) Becb llbIM H npO.llYKTblropeHIDI YllaneHbI qepC3 BeHTHJUlUHIO. 3) YCTaHOBJleHa BaxTIl, cne,llllmAA, qTo6bI He npOH30UIJlOnOB1'opHoe B03rOpaHHe.
- If the victim is not breathing, clear the mouth and throat of any foreign matter. - Seal the victim's mouth with yours.
- ECJlH nOClpaaamuHi1 He llblUIHT, OqHCTlITe eMYpOl' 11IlhlflhTe Bce nocropomIHe npellMeThL - rIpHJKMl1TeCh CBOHMprOM KO pry nocrpa,u,aawero.
- Give two successive full-lung breaths ("huffs") into the victim's mouth within five seconds. - Check to see if the victim's chest rises or falls. - Check the victim's carotid pulse at the neck. If there is a pulse continue rescue breathing at the rate of 12 times per minute (once every 5 seconds). - If there is no pulse, remove obstructive clothing from the victim's chest. - Feel for the lower end of the breastbone. - Place the heel of one hand just above your fingers, so that the heel rests on the lower half of the breastbone. Place the other hand on top of the fi:"st. Keep your arms straight. - Compress the breastbone 112 to 2 inches (for adults). - Call for help.
Bleeding
- Cnemllire nBa pC3KHX BblJlOXa ("xy") B pOT rroCTpaJlaBllIero B TeqeHHe 5 ceK)'HJl. - TIpocHenlITe rrOnlillMCTCli Jill H onycKaCTClirpynb nOCTpaJlaBllIero. - TIpollJYIllllire y rroCTpauaBlllerO nyJIbC Ha llIee Ha COHHOM aPTeplili. ECJill nyJIbC l1MeeTCJl rrpOnOJDKlolTe HCK)'cCTBeHHOe nbIXaHHe co CKOpOCTblO12 pll3 B MHJ-l)'ry (OllHO KIDK1\ble5 ceK)'HJl). - ECJlli nyJIbC OTC)'TCTByCT, CHI1MHTCC rpynH rroCTpaJlaBIIlerO MelllaIoJUYlO o.nelKJl)'. - HallIyrrlllire HIDKHlOIO qaCTb rpy.nHoli K-'leTKH. - TIoIlO))(l1"re HaJlOHb onHOM PYKH qyTb Bbnne BallIHX naJlbueB TaK, 4T06bl JIauOHb OKlI3aJIacb Ha HIDKHei1'laCTli rpYllHOM KJlCTKH. TIOJIO))(l1"fe BTOpylO PYKY nOBepx nepBoli. llJIOTHO npIDKMlITe Ballie PYK!1· - HaJKl1Mlllire Ha rpyllHYIO KJlCTK)'BejJTMKaJIbHOBHH3OT 1/2 no 2 JlIOHMOB(IVU! B3pOCJlbIX). - TI030BHTe 1Ia nOMOlllb.
KpOBOTe'leHI1JI
- Raise injured arms or legs to a level higher than the heart unless movement will cause further damage (in the case of fractures, for example). - A pressure bandage can replace direct hand pressure on most body parts. Center the bandage over the dressing, wrap the ends around the body part and tie the knot directly over the dressing.
Applying pressure bandage
- llpHflO1lH\1MlITe IlOBpClKJleHHYJO PYKY W1HHOry BbillIe YPOBHJIcepnua, npll yCHOBIlIl, 'ITO :ITO He npHBeneT K npH'IliHe1lHI0 Bpena (ecJlli, Harrpl1Mep, l1MelOTClinepeHOMbI). - .D:aBlIlllaJI rrOB1I3Ka MOlKeT 3aMeHlITb rrp\1)/(arne paBbI PYKOMI1a 60JlbWliHCTBe 'lacTeli TeHa. HaKJIa]lbIBlllirC nOB1I3KY rrOBepx onelKllbl, 060pa4HBal!Te ee KOHUbI BOKpyr 'laCTH TCJla H 3aBlI3bIBlllire KOHUbIHenocpellCTBeHHOnOBepx onelKllbl.
HanolKeHLle AaIDlll.\eiil nOIDl3KI"I
Pressure is always wound and the heart.
applied
between
the
,lIaBJIlIl)'IO nOB1I3K)'Bcerlla CJIe.nyeT 1IaKJIanblBaTb MClKJl)'ceplIUeM H pmmli.
straight down
Arterial bleeding can cause the victim to death. Rapid loss of as little as I quart of blood can cause shock. It is important to be able to recognize gross bleeding.
APTepHaJlbHble KpOBoTeqeHHJI MOlKCT OKlI3aTbClIIIpH'IliHoli cMePTIi . .6blCTpaJI nOTCpJl KpOBHB KOJIH'ICCTBe rrpeBbnnaIOlUeM 4eTBepTb ee KOJlH'IeCTBaMOlKeTCTaTb rrpH'IHImli 1lI0Ka. OqeHb BaJKHO 6bITb B COCTOJlHHlipacno3HaTb 3Ha'lHTCJlbHble KpOBOTCqeHHJI.
- After bleeding has been controlled with a pressure bandage, check frequently tor swelling and other indications of excessive pressure. Be sure the pressure bandage has not become a tourniquet. Warning signs for excessive pressure include swelling next to the bandage site, numbness to touch, sensation of pins and needles, the limb becoming white or purple, and pain beyond the site of the injury.
• DOCIle TOro KaI<KpoBOTeQeHHe 6ynCT ocTllHOBJIeHO C 1l0MOlllblO naBJl:lllei1 nOB1I3KH, nOCTOllHHOnpOBepJlliTe RCT JI.Il.onyxaHHli HJlli HHbIX npIl3I1aI<OB QpC3MepHoro llepellaBJIlffiaHHlI. DpH3I1aI<aMIl, 1l0Ka3blBaIOI.IU'Il'IJ.! HaJlH'IHe QpC3MepIlOro llaBJIeHHJI nOBJl3KH, JlBJIJIlOTCli pacnyxmlJ.!e 4acrn TeJIa, pacnOJIOlKeHHOHrrocJle nOBJl3KH,OTC]'TCTBHe0IIIYIUeHHll IIpHKOCIIOBeH:Hi1, )'KOJJOB, 4acTf, TeJIa CTllHOBHTCli 6eJloli WIJ.I <PHOJIeTOBOi1, nOllBJlJl1OTCli 60JIeBbie OIuyuICHlili 3a npelleJIaMIl nOBPClKJleHHoroyqacTKa
TO'lKI"I nepelKMMaHI1JI aprepKiiI
Pressure
points
(1)
- arterial blooding (1) - blooding from veins (2) - capillary blooding (3)
Treabnent of bleeding
(2) - apTCp"aJIb1l0e KpOIIOTCQeHHe (1) - BeH03Hoe KpOBOTeqeHHe (2) - KanWlJ1lIpHOe KpOBOTeQe1lHe(3)
OCTllK:>BKa KP0BOTe'leHMiiI
(3)
Using pressure points is a temporary means of controlling gross bleeding until a pressure bandage cail be applied. Pressure points are specific areas where an artery passes over a bone and a pulse can be felt.
Use pressure points in combination direct pressure and elevation.
with
_ Use the your hand pressure over the wound.
to
apply
direct
- J.1cnoJIb3yHTe PYKYnJIJI OKlI3aHHl1 npmlOro HalKl1MaHa paIlY·
TIpl1MeHeHI1C MCTOna nepenaBJIHBllHJ1lI KpOBeIlOCHbTX COCYllOBB onpeneJIeIlHbIX T04Kax lIBJ1J1eTCll BpeMel-U\OHMepoM JlJIJIIIpl1oCTaHOBKIiCIlIlhHbIX KpoBOTeqeffilii: no HaJlO)KeHI1lI nOBJl3KI1. T04KaMlI nepelKl1MaHI1lI JlBJJJl10TCli onpeneneHHhle MeCTa, B KOTOpbIX apl"epHH IIpOXOl\llT Ha.n KOCThlO 11 B KOrOpbIJ( MOlKHO npowynaTb rryJlbc. J.1cnoJl1>3yliTe nepelKl1MaHHe apTepi1H BMeCTe C HenocpellCTBeHHbIM 3alKaTHeM pllHhl Il nOllHJlTl1eMnOBpelKlleIlHoro MeCTa.
._--...I
,
- Place the tourniquet above the wound, if it is in a joint, put the tourniquet above the joint. - Use a wide band so it doesn't cut into the tissue. - Apply a pad over the artery to be compressed. - Take two tight wraps around the limb and tie an overhand knot. - Place a short, strong bar on the overhand knot and tie a second overhand knot above it. - Twist the bar until the bleeding stops, no tighter. - Secure the bar in place. - Record on the victim's forehead the time when the tourniquet was applied. Remember: a tourniquet is NEVER put on unless the bleeding is so severe that it cannot be stopped by any other means.
Internal bleeding
- HaJ10llurre lKJYI' BbUlie paJlhl, CCJll1pllHa Ha cycfaBe, HaJ10lKHTeJKryf BblIlIe cyCTaBa - I1cnoJ1b3yiiTe lIDIpOK)'IOnOBSl3KY .llJlSI TOro, 'lT06bl OHa He BPe3aJ1acb BTeno. - LVrn 3IDKl1MaapTepl1l1 HcnoJ1b3yifre noBepx Hee nOll)'llJe'lKY. - ClleJ1aHre lIRa ITJ10THh1X o60para BOKpyr KOHe'lHOCfHH 3aBIDKIITeKOHlibIB YJen. - IToMeCTHTCKOpOTKIlliKpenKHR 6pyCOK Ha yJe..1H 3aBIDKIITeBTOPOH )'3C.l1 nonepx 6pycKa - IToBOpa'lliBaHre 6pyCOK .no rex nop, nOKa He OCTaJIOBHTCSI KpoBOTC'leHHe,He 6oJ1ee roro. - 3aKpenHTe 6pyCOK B :ITOMnonOlKeHHH. - HamrnJlire Ha n6y nocrpa)laBUlero BpeW! HaJ10lKeHIUIlKIyra. nOMHKTe: JKIyfbl HlItKOrAA He muaia)lblBaJOT, eCJ1l1TOJ1hKOCI1JlbHOeKpOBOTe'leHHe He YlIaJ10CbOCTlIHOBHTb I1HhIMI1 Cpe»CfBaMH.
BHYTPeHHMeKpoBOTe~HM~
I'
~
I
Internal bleeding is not always obvious. Direct pressure is effective in stopping the bleeding from nearly all wounds. It almost always eliminates the need for a tourniquet. Only compress the carotid artery in dire emergencies, where all other attempts at controlling severe bleeding nave tail<¥i (Usually only necessary in a neck wOlll1d causing disruption ofthe artery itself) HenocpellCTBeHHoe 3IDKa:me SlBJlS1erCSI J<\>lfJeKfIiBHhlM.il.M OCTllHOBKHKpoBOTe'leHIUI nO'lTH H3 BCex pllH. OHO nO'lTH BCeflla ycrpaHSIer He06xOlll1MOCTbI1Cn0J1b30BlIHHSIlKIyra. DepelKHMa:rb coHH)'lo apTepmo MOlKHO TOJ1hKO B CJ1Y'l!lSlX,npeJlCTaBJ1SIlOll.l.l1X CMepTeJ1bHYI~onaCHOCTb, KOflla Bce I1Hhle nOIThITKI1 OCTaJlOBHTb KpOBOTe'leHHe OKa3aJ1I1Cb6e3ycnellJHhIMH. (06bl'lHO, :ITOHe06xOlll1MO TOJ1bKO npM nOBpeJKlleHIDIX llJeH, npHBellllli1X K pIDpbmy CaMORaprepHH.) Hrn<Oflla He nepelKHMaHre COHH)'IOapTepillO OJlHOBpeMeHHoHa o60HX CTopOHax llIeH.
Symptoms
BHyfpCHH\'le KpOBOTC'leHIDl He BCCfllaJIBHM.
CltMnTOMbl
- Vomit that looks like "coffee grounds"; - Cooghed-up blood that is bright red or bubble; - Paleness; - Rapid, hard-feel pulse; - Lightheadedness and restlessness; - Thirst; - Confusion; - Dizziness, weakness, fainting.
Immediate treatment
- PBOTIl, nOXOlKaJIHa KolfJeiiHyJo rymy; - OrKalllJ1lmaeMaJI KpoBb, SlpKO KpaCHaJI 1100 nYJblpHTCSI; - ])J1C)ll-lOCrb; - 4aclbrH, XOPOlliOHpOllJYIThmaeMhIH nyJ1hC; - Epell 11paCCJJa6neHHOc.Th;
- )l{alKJ.la; ,
- 3aMellla:renbCrBO; - fOnOIlOKpYlKeHI1e, nm'nHBOCTb,06MopoKl1.
nepBaR nOMO~b
Never exert pressure on carotid arteries on both sides of the neck at the same lime
- Treat for shock; - Seek medical advice; - Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink;
- TIPI1MI1TCnpaumOUJOKOllhle Mep"'; - 3anpocI1'rc cOller Bpa'la no Pa)l110; - He JlaBaihe IlOCTpa)laBUIeMy nHTbSl H.ID TII1llJI1;
- LOok for injuries such as broken which may have caused the bleeding;
bones
- OnpeLlemrre rioBpC)KlleH.Hll, TaJilie , KaK nepeJ10Mbl KOCTeR, KOTopble Moryr 6bITb npHqilliOR KpOBOTeqeHilll; - £YLlbTe crrOKOMHbIH ycrrOKaHBaifre rroCTpaIlaBwero. ll10K :ITO cephe3HOe COCTomrn.e, KOTOpoe MOlKCT Bb13BaTh CMeprb. OHO lIBJlJleTCll pe3YJlbTaTOM YMeHbllleHI1lI KOJ1HqecTBa KpOBI1, 06ecrreqHBalOmeR TKaHH. >K\il3HeHHble nOKa3aTen\il l1MelOTClI KJUOqeBble rrOKa3<rreJ1H, KOTOpble nOMoryr MeJlHUHHCKoMYnepcoHMy OlleHHTh COCTOllllile nOCTpaIlaBlIJero. ECTh qCThlpe lKH3HeHHbIXrrOKa3aTeJIlI: - qaCTOra Il)'J1bCa; - qac-rora LlhlXaHIDI.; - reMrreparypa; " KpoBliHoe ,llaBJ1eHJ1e. RruJ TOro, 4T06hI J13Mep!1Tb lKH3HeHHhre rrOKa3<rreJ111 BaM nOHaIl0611TcJl 4aCbI c ceKYHLlHOMCTpCJ1KOM, TepMoMCTp, CTCTOCKonH IlpH60p )lJIJII13MepeHllil Kp0BJlHOrOLlaBJ1eHilll. nynbC. TIYJ1bCOM rrOKa3bIBaeTqaCTDTy cepLle'lHbIX cOKpruueHHii. JIel'qe Bcero npomynaTb nyJ1hC Ha COHHOHaprepIDI C moooM CTOPOHbI meJ1. I1OCKOJ1bKYCOHHall ajJrepl1lI lIBJIlICTCJI CaMOR 6oJ1bIlJOR H pacrrOJ1OlKeHa 6J11l3KO K cePllUY, rryJ1bC Ha HeR 06hl'fllO llpeKpaIUaer npocJIYllII1Bll1bclI B rrOCJleJlHIO]() 04epeJjb. Y nocrpauaBllIHX, HaxOJlJlIUl1XCli B C03HaIDllf, H3Mepellile rryJ1hca Ha nepmpepIDI Ha 3aDlICTbe MOlKerlIBJ1l1CTCli (5(lJ1eeHO.llXOJl.llll.lHM: - 110J10lK!1TeYKa3aTeJ1bHbIR HaJlell na apTepmo, HaxOJlllIll)lJOCll Ha BnyrpeHHeR CTOpOHe 3anllCThll nOCTpaIlaBlIJero. - I10Jl.IlI1raifre naJlhlleM 11CJ1erna npHlKHMal! ero nhmU1Tech 06Hapy)K!1Th 6Hellile cepJlUa - He nOJ1h3yMTech 6oJ1bIlJHM naJlhueM, noCKOJ1hKYOH l1MeCT rry.lJhCamno BallIY co6cTBeHHylo. - Coc4!1Taifre KOJ1HqCCTBO YLlapoB 3a MHH)'IY·
Temperature. Body temperature measures the balance between heat production and heat loss. You can use an oral thermometer if the victim is conscious and alert. Use of a rectal thermometer is more accurate and gives medical professionals a better indication of what is wrong with the victim in certain cases.
Shock is a serious condition that may cause death. It is caused by reduced blood supply to body parts and tissues. The vital signs These are key indicators that will help medical professionals evaluate the victim's condition. There are four vital signs: - pulse rate; - respiration rate; - temperature; - blood pressure. To take vital signs, you need a watch with a second hand, a thermometer and a blood pressure cuff and stethoscope. Pulse. Pulse measures the heart ratc. Pulse is most easily felt at the carotid artery on either side of the neck (illustration). Because the carotid artery is large and close to the heart, the carotid pulse is usually the last to disappear. On a conscious victim, the radial pulse at the wrist may be more convenient:
Respirations. Respirations mea~ure the number of breaths per minute. The normal respiration rate is 14 to 20 breaths per minute (count one breath each time the victim breathes in and out). To get an accurate rate, it is best to count respirations when he is unaware that you are doing so. Blood pressure. Blood pressure readings measure the force blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels during each heart-beat. A reading of 120/80 is generally considered normal for a healthy adult. The first figure represents the pressure when the heart is pumping, and the second figure represents the pressure when the heart is at rest. Transporting the injured
TeMnepalypa rena. TeMlleparypa Tem noKa3bIBaer pC3YJ1bmr MelKJly rrpoH3BO.LlCTBOM Terum H HOTpe6JleHl1eM 1'erma BhI MOlKere HCflOiIh30BaTh OpaJIbHbrn TepMoMCTp, ecJ1H nocrpauaBlli!1H HaxOJll1TCllB C03HaIDrn 11xopoWCM COC'fOllllilH. I1crroJ1h3oBaTh peKraJlhHbrn TepMOMCTp c.neJlYCT C OC'f0POlKHOCThIO, B OTLlem,HbIXCJ1Y'laJIX OHLlaer Bpaqy GoJlee IIOJ1HY]() HH<jJOpWIllI1]() 0 TOM,'lT0 CJ1Y'fill!OCb C nocrpaLlaBIllHM. 4aerora AblxaHIolH. qacrora JjhlXaH!1lI 03HaqaeI' KOillr4ecroo LlhL'{aTeJ1bHbIX LlB!1lKeHHiiB MI1II)'TY.06hNHal! qaCl'OTa JlbIXaH!1llCOCTIlBJIJIer ar 14 LlO 20 B MI1H)'TY(C'l!1TaeTCJIO)lllilM KalKJlbIR BLlOX-BblJlOX). ,l1.nlIroro, '!T06hI HOiI)''I!1Tb T04HbIe LlaHHhle, J.I)"Illle Bcero C4HTdTh BJjOXl1H BhU~OX!1 TOilla, Korlla nocrpauanlli!1H He 3Haer 0 TOM,'!TOBbI 3TO)leJlaeI'C. KPOBSlHoe AaBneHllle. L(llHHble 0 KpOBlIHOM LlaBJ1ellilJ1nOKa3blBaIOTcmJY JlaBJIeHHJIHa C'feHKI1 KpoBllHhIX COCyLlOBB rrpouecce KalKJloro cepLle4Horo coKpaIllellilll. fIOKa3<rreJ1b 120/80 06hNHo CqHTaeTCllHOpMaJlhHbIMlLfjJIroPOCJloro 3LlOpoBOro qeJ10BeKa l1epBall 1111<jJpa nOKa3hIBaer llaBJIellile B MOMellT cepLle4HOIu ClK<rr11lI 11 Bbl6poca KpOBI1B COCYLlbI, a BTOpal! nOKa3bmaer llaBJIeHHe B MOMellTpaccJla6JleHHJI. TpaHcnoprlllpoBKa nOCTpClA3BWIllX B KalKL\OMcJ1Y4ae, Koma rrpe)lCTaBJ1llercJI B03MOlKHOCTb, nOJli>3yMTeCh HOCI1JlKaMI1LlJ1l1 nepeHOCKI1. cephC3HO rpaBMHpoBaHHhlX J1]()Llei1, oc06eHHo rex, y Koro npeJ!nOJlaraIOTCll HOBpe)!(JleHl1l1wel1 11J1.11 CIImll>I. l1epeHocKa Ha PYKax MOJKer ocymecrBJIJITbClI TOJlbKO B CJ1Y4aJIX H.36elKru~l1J1 HenocpeLlCTBeHHoi1 onaCHOCTI1, HaIlpl1Mep, On-IJI, I1J1I1LlJ1llTOro, '!T06bI nepeMeCTI1Tb nOCrpaL1aBlllero i·m He60J1blllOe paCCTOJlHl1e. I1pHBe).lI1Tc HOCJ1J!hUIHKOB C HOCH.JIKaMH K nocrpauaBllleMY, a He HeCI1Te nOCIlJauaBllIerO K HOCHJII(aM. Y npOR"l'C ero C YJIo6cTBOM 11 HaKpoi1Te. EYJ.lbTC npeJ;yrrpellHTCIlhllhI. OcymeCTBwre He06xOLll1Mbre nepBH4!1h1e MepbI LlO TOro, KaK Ha<IHCTenepeHOC~IT nOCTpaIlanll1ero.
- Place your middle finger over the victim's artery on the thumb side of his "'Tist. - Move your finger and press lightly until you fmd the pulsebeat. - Don't use your thumb because it has its own pulse.
Whenever possible, use a litter, stretcher or backboard to transport seriously injured victims, especially those with suspected neck or back injuries. Manual carries should be used only to gel a victim away from immediate danger such as fire, or to move a slightly injured victim a short distance.
Take the stretcher to the victinl, don't move the victim to the stretcher. Make him comfortable and cover hinl. Be gentle. Perform essential first aid before moving the victim.
~
•
2
Stokes litter: excellent for shipboard use and may be equipped with floatation gear and hoist attachments for air evacuation.
Using the Stokes litter: Place two blankets lengthwise so that one extends down each leg. Use a third blanket folded in half in the upper part of the stretcher to pad the head and shoulders. Center a fourth blanket across the litter to use for covering t.'J.evictim. Lower the victim into the litter gently. Cover him and secure him in place using web straps over the chest, hips and knees.
Improvised litters: If you have to improvise a litter, always test it before you place the victim on it and try to raise him.
Chair litter: This' method requires two people and a chair. It is valuable for transporting victims through narrow passageways or srnWI doors. On command, all bearers lift in unison. On level surfaces, the victim is always carried feetfirst so the person at the head can watch for breathing complications or other problems.
HOCMllKMCrOKca: npeK]JacHoe epeJJ.CfBO llIDI IfcnOJIh3OBaHl1llHa cynHe, MOIKeT CHa6IKarbCli nplfcnoco6neHlfllMli, 06ecne'llillaIOIUI1Ml1 ITllaByqCCThIi nOJl1>eMHhIMlf ycrpoHCTBaMIf ll.Il1l3BaKyaI~ nOC1panaBillero no B03JlYXY. f1opI\AoK I4CnOllb30B3HItR HOCWlOK CToKCil: ITonoJKl1TC Ha HOCliJlKl1)lBa OneliJIa BnOJlb Tal(, 'IT06bl OJlHO113IDIX 6billO HIDKecrynHei1 Hor. TpeThC OnellllO, cnolKeHHoe nononaM, nOJl0/Kl1'Ie B BepXHei1qaCrM HOCHllOK KaK110JlYIlIKY non ronoBy H nne'lli. qerne]JToe onelillo )'KJIll,1lbIBaeTClinonepeK HOCHllOK JllllI roro, q-r06bl YK]JbITb HM nOC1panaBillero. Y noJKl1TC aKKYjJaTHOnoC1panaBlliero Ha HOCHllKl1.Y KpOHTe ero M 3a<pI1KCH]JyiiTe B OilHOM 110nOIKeIDlli,HCI10JIh3Yll peMHM'lepe3 rpyJlb, 6enpa H roneHM. V1MnpoB1'I311poBaHHble HOCMIlKlI:ECJlH Bbl BblHYJKJleHbllf3rOTaBJ1HIlaTb HOClfJlKlflf3 nonpyqHbIX cpenCfB, Bcerna HCl1bITbIBaHTeI1X nepen TeM, KaK nOJlOlKlfTb Ha HI1XIf nOnIDITb nOC1panaslliero. HOCMllKM CTyn:,lI,m! npHMeHeHHll noro MeTOna 'lpe6yeTcli )llIa qenOBeKa If \.."1)'JI.3"1'0 OqeHb l~eHHbIi1MeTOn nJlll 3BaKyaIDlli 1I0C1panaslUero 'lepe3 YJKHenpoXOJlbI HJIlfYJKHeJlBepM.
~3
~4
Fireman's Carry (1) - This one rescuer carry is the easicst way to move an unconscious victim.
Pack-Strap Carry (2) - The victim's arms are brought across the shoulders. His arms are then crossed in front and grasped firmly. Drag Carry (3) - First the victim's hands are tied, then placed behind the rescuer's neck. Blanket Drag (4) - The victim is placed on a blanket and moved by pulling on one end of the blanket. This method is used when the victim is unconscious and has injuries which for bid handling or lifting by a single bearer.
nOJKapHasl TpaHCnOpTlilpOBKa (1) - 3"1"01' THn cnacaTeJIbHoH T]JaHCnOpTHpoBKHlIBJIlIeTcllHaH60Jlee np0\..'1'bIMcnoco60M T]JaHCnOpTHpOBKH nOCTpanasllil1X, HaxOMlI.\I1XC» B 6ecC03HaTeJlbHOMnOJlOlKeHlflf. TpaHCnOpTHpOBKa naKeTOM (2) - PyKH 1l0crpanasillero uepeKpelllHBaIOTCli co cropolIbl llJleqeH. CnaCaTeJlb CKpelI.\l1BaeT pyKH rrepen co60H R K]JellKo CIKHMaeT11X. TpaHcnOpTlIpOBKa nepeTaCKMBaHlIeM (3) - CHaqaJJa CB1I3hlBaIOT pyKH nOC1panaswero, a 3aTeM nOMelI.\aIOTHX3a llielO cnaCaTeJIli. nepeTaCKlIBaHl'le Ha OAewte (4) - ITOC1panaBwero YKJI3,llblBaJafHa oneSillO If nepeMellialor ero, TaJJ.Ia3a OJllrn 113KOHUOB onellJla 3"roT MeTOn HCnOJlb3yeTC» Koma nocrpanaslllMi1 HaxonHTC» 6e3 C03HaHWI Ii HMeeT T]JaBMbL a 'lpaHCnOpTlfpoBKa I1JII11l0.l!"beM nocrpanasLlJero JLJ1l1 OnHom 1l0CI1JlblI.\I1Ka 3mpYJU-lI1TeJleH.
I
no KOMaHJle Bee HOCHJlbI.l(lo{KM 01\HOBpeMeHHo nOJlHHMaIOTHOCHllKl1.Ha poBHOH noBepXH0C111nocrpanaslliero nepeHOClIT Bnepen HOlllMH, 'IT06bl HOCI1JlbIUHK Mor CJJe)lHTb 3a nbIXaJ-lI1eM H B03MOlKHblMlf OCJIOIKHeHl1llMl1.
You can improve the knowledge you already have by participating in the drills, by going through this training manual now and then and by being aware of all matters in ygur daily work concerning the safety of yourself and the ship.
BM MOlKeTCycoBeplJJeHCTBOBaTh 3HaHWI, YIKe nOJl)'qeHHblC BaMM.v'laCrBYli B Y'leHH»X, lf3Y'lali HaCTOllIIlCCy'le6Hoe noc0611(: cei1'lac II B nOCJleJlYIOIL\eM,11y)"(eJlllJInOJIIKHO(:BHRMaHHe B mllllcH 1l0BceAHeBHoi1 pa60Te BceMY, 'ITO KacaeTClI Bawel1 6e30naCHOCTI1 II 6e30naCHOCTlf CYlll-Ia.
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
HayqHblH pe)UlKTOp: E.B. )(OI\HH )lop IOpH)l. HaYK,npo.peccop PellaKIOp: C.A. KYlHe"OB KlIH11. IOpHII. HayK, 1I0ueHT
PYKOBO)lCTBODO l\eHCTBHRM B aBapHIiBblX CDTYal.\HRXHa CYI\He:
• • • •
• • • •
• • •
YlJe6HO-MeTOIIHlJeCKOenOC06He I COCT. C.A. Ky3HeUOB, C.C. KY3HeUOBI IIoII 06m. pe.l\aKI.\Heii npo4>eccopa E.B. ,l:(O.l\HHa II bH6J1HOTeKal!<YpHaJla «ToproBoe MOpeUJlaBaHHe» (CepHlI: Pa60lJHe TeTp3.l\H).-1999.-N216/IV-32 c. MeJK.D;YHapO)lHlUI KOHBeHUHll0 no.nroroBKe H .llHII.J\OMHpOBaHHH MOPliKOB H HeceHHH BaxTbl 1978 rO.l\a Tjle6yeT, lJT06b1 Bce JlHUa, He lIBJIJlIOUlHeCli naCClIJKHpaMH, .1\0 Ha3HaqeHHlI Ha Cy)lHO npornml 0)l06peHHble KypCbl 03HaKOMJrreJlbHO}\nO.l\fOTOBKH B OTHorneHHH cnoc060B JlHlJHOro BbDKHBaHIDI HJlM. nOJ1Y'lHTh.llOCTaTOlJHYIO HH4>oPMauHIOH HHCTpyKTIDK. HaCTOlImee yqe6HO-MCTO.l\HlJeCKOe noc06He nOMOlKeTycoBeprneHCTBOBllTh 3HaHHlI, YlKe nOJlYlJeHHble Ha KYpcax U Ha yqeHUJIX B OTHOrneHH" JlulJHoll 6e30nacHoCTH H 6e30nacHoCTH cY.l\Ha. Ha PYCCKoM" aHlJIHlIcKOM1I3blKax.
b"6J1HOTeKa lKYPHarra
«ToproBoe MOpenJlaBaHHe»
()10)1aTOK.I\O lKYPHarry) CBH.l\eTeJlbCTBO0 pernCTpaItHH: CepHli 0,1:( N2 504
Mpec peAaKDHH:
270009,
O)1ecca, yn.IIlloHepcKlUI 30, KOpn.3, Ka6. 29. (0482) 60-72-77
IIi.l\DUCaH0)10.llPYKY 10.08.99 <1>opMaT90x84 116 IIanip )lJIJl rHH60KOro IIPYKYCOPY PAPER. fapHHTYPa «Times». YM. )1pyK. apK. 1,87. HaKna)l 155 npHM. 3aMOBJleHHJlN2 28. Bi.llJlPYKOBaHOHa nonirpa4>ilJHoMY 06J1a)lHaHHi 4>iPMIlRISO BM,QaBHMI.\TBOM «T3C» 3 roroBOro opuriHarr-MaKe1)' BHroIOBJleHoro nn <dHKO CepBic»
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •
u~
1
