BMW Final

BMW history
BMW in the 1910s - the beginning

To better understand BMW today you have to know and understand BMW history. The last century gives the “flavor” of today’s BMW cars, the ingredient that makes them so special. This “special” can be almost seen as the soul of a person. BMW cars have an unmistakably personality and an obsessive care about the feeling of driving, thus their slogan "the ultimate driving machine". This creates a bond between the car and the driver that may last for a lifetime. These three magic letters stand for Bayerische Motoren Werke, or in English, Bavarian Motor Works. The "Motor" is the core of this acronym and is the foundation; the key part around which BMW builds every product. BMW Drives invites you to be part in this amazing trip and you will find out the story that lies behind BMW. HOW BMW PROGRESSED FROM THIS

TO

1913

The man who started all was Karl Friedrich Rapp in October 1913. Not everybody knows that BMW started as a manufacturer of aircraft with Austro-Daimler, who was unable to meet its demands that of building V12 Aero engines under license. The company expanded too quickly, and by 1916 Karl Friedrich Rapp resigned from the company because of financial troubles. The company was taken over by two Austrians FranzJosef Popp and Max Fritz backed by a Vienna engines. Rapp establishes "Rapp-Motorenwerke" in a former bicycle factory near Munich. He starts manufacturing his own aircraft engines but unfortunately they suffered form problems with vibrations. Close to Rapp´s factory, Gustav Otto, the son of the inventor of the four-stroke internal combustion engine, sets up a business building small aircrafts. Otto enjoys great success with "Gustav Flugmaschinefabrik".

1916 Rapp Motoren Werke had problems with the reliability of the engines. They have secured a contract financier, Camillo Castiglioni. They managed to convince Gustav Otto´s "Gustav Flugmaschinefabrik" to merge with "Rapp-Motorenwerke". Together they formed Bayerische Flugzeug-Werke or BFW, in English "Bavarian Aircraft Works". Shortly afterwards the company was renamed BMW and in 1918 becomes BMW AG (The German term Aktiengesellschaft means a corporation that is limited by

shares, i.e., owned by shareholders. It may be traded on the stock market. The term is used in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The U.S. equivalent term is "public company", source Wikipedia) the company that we know and admire today.

1917 In 1917, BMW's first aircraft engine, the Type IIIa, goes into production. It is a watercooled six-cylinder inline engine, it features a unique "high-altitude carburetor" developed by Fritz that allows it to develop full power at altitude. 1918 In 1918 this engine powered a biplane to 5,000 meters altitude in just 29 minutes. It was an impressive performance for those days, one that led to strong demand for BMW engines. 1919 In 1919 a successor for this engine is born. It is named naturally Type IV. With this engine, Franz Zeno Diemer sets an altitude record of 9,760 metres (32,013 ft). Franz Zeno Diemer

1920 The current BMW logo, introduced in the early 1920, was based on the circular design of an aircraft propeller. World War I comes to an end and the Treaty of Versailles was signed prohibiting BMW from building aircraft engines. Production is switched for building air brakes for railway cars.
The rotating aircraft prope-ller inspiration for the BMW logo

In these conditions, the company had to think to other products and so BMW starts building motorcycle engines. In 1920, Martin Stolle and Max Friz design the M2 B 15 engine for the "Victoria" motorcycle from Nürnberg. This was the first BMW motorcycle engine and it was produced between 1920 and 1922. Martin Stolle and Max Friz

1921

BMW's first motorized bicycle is called "Flink" and sees the light in 1921. They were powered by a Kurier two stroke engine. 1922

1922 is another milestone in BMW history. The first BMW factory is built on Neulerchenfeldstrasse -- the site of Otto's old aircraft factory -- near the current day Olympic complex in Munich.

1923

Because the earlier BMW motorcycles had suspension problems they were not able to sell much. So they start to develop the "R32" motorcycle, which was the first BMW bike sold at an amount worth to mention (3100 bikes until 1926). The BMW R32 motorcycle causes a strong impression at its world premiere at the Berlin Automobile Show in 1923. With the R32, BMW succeeds in moving into vehicle construction even before the development of automobiles. This is the moment when the history of the BMW boxer engine begins and will continue until the present day. The top speed of this 2-cylinder 494cc motorcycle was around 59 mph (95 km/h).

1924 In 1924 we can witness the first intercontinental flight to Persia powered by BMW engines. 1925 One year later, 1925, the R37 motorcycle outputs twice the power of it's predecessor: 16bhp from a 500ccm engine. This motorcycle provides the basis for the BMW racing machines and makes the brand well known throughout the whole motorcycle world. The result: from 1924 to 1929, all German Championships in the 500 ccm category are won by BMW. 1926 BMW keeps a leading position in the aeronautical industry. The same commitment to innovation and perfection is rewarded with five world records for the The Rohrbach Ro VII seaplane with a BMW VI engine.

1927

BMW keeps the same pace and they break other world-flight records the next year, 1927. From a total of 87 world records in aviation, 29 of them were set with BMW engines. 1928 1928 marks the beginning in terms of the BMW car. BMW buys the car factory at Eisenach/Thuringia and with it the license to build a small car called the Dixi 3/15. The BMW Dixi was the competition for the Austin 7. The BMW Dixi DA/1 (DA standing for Deutsche Ausfuhrung) is essentially the german version. The first Dixis used an open roof and were powered by a 743cc 4 cylinder engine producing 15 horsepower. Top speed was in the neighborhood of 50 mph (80 km/h). The Dixi 3/15 PS was built under license from Austin and was essentially the same model as the US Bantam and the Japanese Datsun. In 1929 a new improved version was launched, the DA/2, which employed an all-steel body and 4-wheel brakes, and in 1930 the Dixi scored its first wins in motor racing. Total production: 18,976 units. 1929 1929 is the year when Ernst Henne riding a 750 cc BMW sets a new motorcycle record on September 19, 1929, reaching a speed of 134.65 mph (216.75 km/hr). This surpasses the existing world record by 10 kph.
The first BMW car saw the light in 1928 - the Dixi 3/15

1930 Until 1932 BMW manages to sell very well its aircooled radial

engine thanks to its excellent power to weight ratio. They also win the 6000 mile Alpine Rally through four countries.

1932 A new car model from BMW is launched in 1932. It is called the 3/20PS. The powerplant was a 782cc 4 cylinder unit which featured suspended valves and a double chain driving the camshafts, producing 20 horsepower at 3500 rpm and providing the saloon with a 50 mph top speed. It is the first model to be developed entirely by BMW in Munich also known as the BMW AM 4 (Ausfuhrung Munchen 4 Gange - Munich Version 4 Speeds). With this car BMW wins the Concours d'Elegance in Baden-Baden. 1933 The next year, 1933, marked the introduction of the 303 saloon and the first BMW inline-six cylinder power unit, a configuration that will remain even to the contemporary BMW cars. Designed by Fritz Fiedler, the 303 engine had a chain driven camshaft, with pushrods and rocker arms to vertical overhead valves. The crankshaft of the new BMW 303 6-cylinder engine was designed by Rudolph Schleicher. The 303 was also the first BMW to use the twin-kidney shaped radiator grilles, another current trademark. Using a welded tubular steel frame, independent front suspension and rack and pinion steering, the 303 was a benchmark in technological achievements. Its 1173cc engine provided 30 horsepower and a top speed of 56 mph (90 km/h). 1934 Based on Pratt&Whitney design, BMW makes the air-cooled radial engine in 1934. Three of these engines power the famous JU52 airplane, who served both civilian and military service during the 1930s and 1940s. It's the year when the 315/1 roadster appears on the market. It had a beautiful sleek design for it's time with low cut doors. The engine was a 1.5 liter, in-line 6 cylinder developing 40bhp. The top speed was around 125km/h making the 315/1 one of the most competitive sports car of the era winning the international Alpine Trials. It was also a clear winner in the 2000km race across Germany.

1935

1935 marks another innovation from BMW in the motorcycle industry. The K12 is the first motorcycle with a hydraulically damped telescopic front wheel fork. It replaced the old leaf spring fork. The 315 roadster becomes the undisputed champion in the 1.5 liter sports car category. The successor of the 315 was the 326. The development of this car began in late 1934 by Fritz Fiedler and chief designer Alfred Böning. The design was Peter Schimanowski's work. The engine had an output of 50bhp. It featured also some advanced technical innovations for that time like hydraulic braking system and rack and pinion steering. The 326 was available as a saloon, a two-door or four-door convertible. 1936 BMW comes up with the amazing 328 roadster in 1936. This car is a legend in the racing history, one of the best and one of the most beautiful cars that BMW has ever created. As recognition, the 328 roadster was nominated for the Car of the Century. The car makes its competition debut at the famed Nürburgring racetrack in June 1936, and proved unbeatable in international sportscar races in the two-liter class. The beautiful lines, like the integrated headlamps set a trend which was to survive well into the fifties. In 1940 it wins the famous Mille Miglia race. The engine was a 2 liter, in-line 6 cylinder with 80bhp. 1937 Although the numbers are not in a regular succession, the 327 appeared on the market in 1937, one year after the 328. The styling had the same signature, Peter Schimanowski, which meant that it looked stunning with two-tone paintwork. It came with a coupé or cabriolet body. The 327 had a short version of the 326's chassis. The top engine developed 80bhp. A total of 1396 cars were made. A new world speed record is set by BMW in 1937. Ernst Henne becomes the fastest man on two wheels riding a 500 ccm compressor machine developing 108bhp. This bike had an aerodynamic body to better pierce through the air at high speeds. On the Frankfurt-Darmstadt motorway, Henne attends 173.686mph (279.508 km/h), a record that will stand for the next 14 years. 1938 1938 sees more motorsport wins for the 328 roadster. 1939

George Meier is the first foreigner to win the Isle of Man Senior TT in 1939 - the world's toughest motorcycle competition of its day. Shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War, BMW takes over the Brandenburgische Motorenwerke in BerlinSpandau and factories in Basdorf and Zühlsdorf near Berlin.
The beautiful lines of the 328 roadster

1940 Shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War, BMW takes over the Brandenburgische Motorenwerke in BerlinSpandau and factories in Basdorf and Zühlsdorf near Berlin. Driving a 328 with a streamlined body made from ultra-light aluminum and magnesium alloy, Baron Fritz Huschke von Kanstein wins in 1940, the famous Mille Miglia race with an average speed of 103.4mph. Following on from the BMW 132 and the Bramo engines, series production of the BMW 801 aircraft engine starts in 1940. By the end of the war, over 20,000 of these 14cylinder double radial engines will have been built in Munich, Allach, Berlin and Dürrerhof, all of which are fitted with a type of mechanical computer for automatic tuning.

1941 In 1941 all motorcycle production facilities and design documentation are transferred to Eisenach due to the war. The production of the BMW cars is stopped. BMW begins production of the R57 Wehrmacht military motorcycle. It had a 750cc engine with seven forward and two reverse gears. The engine was bolt-on frame allowing easy dismantling and maintenance. The sidecar version drives with differential lock and joint hydraulic brakes for sidecar and rear wheel. 1942 To satisfy wartime demand, the production of rocket engines begins in the Basdorf and Zühlsdorf plants in Berlin in 1942. Although only a small number of these engines are used, rocket construction is one of the reasons why, in 1945, Bayerische Motoren Werke are closed and later dismantled. 1943 BMW works simultaneously on the groundbreaking 109-003 jet engine, one of the first mass-production jet engines in the world, and on the largest ever aircraft piston engine, the BMW 803. A 28-cylinder, four row radial engine, the BMW 803 basic strength of 4,000 hp at 85.5 l displacement; the 003 jet engine has a diesel-powered gas turbine. Its maiden flight is in October 1943 in a Ju 88. In the early 1940s, BMW develops the 28-cylinder, four-speed 803 engine with two contrarotating propellers and also starts work on jet engines. Tests on the 003 engine begin in October 1943 followed, on 4th February 1944, by the maiden flight of the Arado 234 V long-distance reconnaissance plane with four BMW 003 engines. 1944 Air raids destroy the Munich plant in 1944, but the Allach plant is virtually unharmed at the end of the war. BMW begins plans to rebuild its Munich production plant. Meanwhile they test rockets for the war effort in Basdorf and Zühlsdorf. At the end of the Second World War, BMW lies in ruins. The works in Eisenach and Dürrerhof, Basdorf and Zühlsdorf are lost. The factory in Munich is dismantled. The victorious Allies impose a three-year ban on production because of the company's involvement in constructing aircraft engines and rockets. 1945

In mid-1945 BMW receives permission to start repairing US army automobiles in Allach. It can also make spare parts for farming machinery and bicycles. Thatâ,"s how the first BMW bicycle with a lightweight aluminum frame comes to life. Motorcycles can also be made again, but BMW is initially not in a position to do so. Initially using spare parts, the Eisenach plant continues to build BMW cars for Soviet use, but in 1951 the brand name Eisenacher Motorenwerke (EMW) is introduced. A Soviet joint-stock company called Awtowelo is set up as backer. The factory is nationalised in 1952, and from 1955 it starts production of the 'Wartburg' car brand. In October 1945 the US military orders the dismantling of the BMW plants in Munich and Allach. This deprives BMW of its control over its possessions in Munich until 1949 - US control lasted until 1955 in Allach. Almost all intact machinery is removed and shipped as reparations all over the world, hitting the Milbertshofen plant in Munich especially hard. There is almost no activity for BMW in the following years.

1948 At the Geneva Motor Show in 1948, British car companies Arlington-Fraser-Nash and Bristol develop licensed models based on earlier BMWs, since BMW is neither able, nor allowed, to manufacture after the war. There is though a high demand for the BMW's R24 motorcycle, equipped with a fourgear, single-cylinder with a 247 cc, 12 HP engine. Construction designs for the first post-war BMW motorcycle are ready by summer 1947, and the first R 24 is raffled to the employees shortly before Christmas 1948. The first standard-production model sells spectacularly in a country long-deprived because of war and its after-effects.

1949 BMW is back again: presenting its first motorcycle since 1941 in New York.

1940 BMW 328 Mille Miglia coupé

1950 The 250 cc limit imposed by the Allies has been lifted. BMW is producing the first motorcycle with a Boxer engine; the 500 cc R51/2. This is followed in 1951 by the R51/3 and the R 67, with variants /2 and /3 boasting 600 cc engines. With demand far outweighing supply, these motorcycles are a roaring sales success. 1951 The first post war car model, the V8 equipped 501 luxury sedan produced in 1951 was a poor production choice for a country that was also devastated by the war. Demand was low and the 501 did not even com e close to meeting BMW's expectations. With the Eisenach plant now under Soviet control, it is also the first BMW automobile to be built completely in Munich. The 500-series cars may not have been BMW's most glamorous products, but these big and sturdy middle-class machines were the mainstay of the company's car division from 1951 up until 1964. They were nicknamed Barockengel -

Baroque Angels - because their shape and flowing lines looked like the carved wooden figures in South German and Austrian churches back in the Baroque period. From 1954 onwards, it is joined by the 502, which possesses the world's first V8 light-alloy engine. 1952 Between 1952 and 1954, BMW produces the exceptionally fast BMW R68, capable of doing some 160 km/h in top gear. This 600 cc motorcycle with 35 hp, it sets a new standard for international motorcycle makers. Selling at 4,000 DM, exclusivity is also part and parcel of this motorcycle as well, as only 1,452 were ever built. BMW's motorcycle production has risen from 10,000 to 30,000 units. 1953 BMW's 100,000th motorcycle, an R67/2, comes off the assembly line. 1954 Three years after BMW resumed car production, the world's first all-aluminium V8 engine goes into production in Munich in 1954. This smooth-running piece of machinery combines strength and silence; it initially produces 100 hp and can propel the BMW 502 to a speed of 160 km/h. The BMW 507 can later even reach up to 220 km/h. In 1954, BMW establishes a research facility for engine construction in the Allach plant, which survived the war undamaged. In 1957, this becomes BMW Triebwerkbau GmbH. The company MAN buys 50% of the firm in 1960. Under license from Lycoming, the firm starts production with a 264 horsepower six cylinder boxer engine. It also develops a small gas turbine for light aircraft, and for stationary use.

BMW is the World Motorcycle Sidecar Champion and stays so for the next twenty years.

1955 In 1955 BMW Isetta won the hearts of the public. Just 2.29 m long, the company obtains the licence to build the motocoupé from ISO in Italy. Powered by a 12 or 13 hp BMW motorcycle engine, over 160,000 people buy an Isetta in the Fifties, making it the best-selling BMW of the decade and a symbol for the boom years after the war. The full swing-arm suspension on the R50, R60 and R69 takes the market by storm. Sliding swing-arm front-wheel suspension and long-arm rear-wheel suspension afford BMW motorcycles previously unattained levels of stability. But the motorcycle bubble appears to have burst: the number of BMW motorcycles produced slumps from 30,000 in 1954 to a mere 5,400 in 1957. Wilhelm Noll sets a new world record at 280.2 km/h. From a standing start, he reaches 139 km/h after one kilometre and 166 km/h after one mile. His average speed after five miles clocks in at 266 km/h. 1956 The 507 is probably the most widely recognised classic BMW of the 1950s. Like it's great rival the Mercedes-Benz 300SL, it was inspired by the US importer Max Hoffmann, who told BMW that he could sell a high-performance sports car in large quantities if the company could deliver. Designed in less than a year by Albrecht Goertz, the BMW 507 is a very exclusive sports car: only a total of 252 are built. Most of the work is carried out by hand, customised to meet each buyer's wishes. Its timeless good looks, with a sleek silhouette, supple curves and expansive bonnet, guarantee that it remains the embodiment of the dream car to this day. The power unit was the then new 150 hp V8 of the 502 3.2-liter super, with an additional 10 hp. 1957 Designed by Willy Black, the BMW 600 was intended as an enlarged Isetta threewheeler with more power and a more conventional four-wheel configuration. The front end of the 600 was virtually unchanged from the Isetta, but the 600s wheelbase was stretched to accommodate four seats. 1958 Ernst Hiller, riding a BMW, wins the Austrian Grand Prix.

1959 Financier Herbert Quandt acquires a large number of BMW shares and subsequently initiates the reorganization of the company, leading to its independence. The majority shareholder, Quandt is first a member of the advisory board and later sits on the supervisory board, thus contributing greatly to BMW's rise as a company of global importance. After sustaining heavy financial losses in the big limousine sector, a merger with Daimler-Benz is planned. But Board Chairman Kurt Golda together with the workforce and trade unions, convinces majority shareholder Herbert Quandt that BMW has a future. Quandt rejects Daimler-Benz’s offer at the last minute. The 700 model was the car that put BMW back on its feet again. It is the first vehicle to have a unitary body: floor, side walls and roof are welded to the occupant cell. 1960 By July 1960, 20.000 BMW’s 700 are produced. It had the engine of the R67 motorcycle and was mounted in the rear. The styling of the 700 model was provided by the Italian Giovanni Michelotti. It came as a 2+2 coupé and as a 2-door sedan. A racing version called the 700RS was also used mostly in German hill-climb and rally events. From 1960 onwards, the top BMW motorcycle is the R69, with 42 bhp. After BMW withdraws from track racing, the company turns its attention to collecting a plethora of cross-country victories and titles in the sixties. The results: twelve German championships wins between 1960 and 1966, no less than five of them by Sebastian Nachtmann and four going to the team efforts of Ibscher/Hintermaier and Ibscher/Rettschlag.

1961 It’s the year when BMW launches the BMW 1500, developed by Hofmeister, Fiedler, Wolff and von Falkenhausen. It is the first BMW “sporty sedan” marking a turning point in the Bavarian company. The excellent suspension and striking design for its time, employing a low waistline with a low-slung engine compartment and rear lid characterized the 1500. It is the first modern BMW with a four-cylinder engine developing 80bhp. Wilhelm Hofmeister introduces the forward curve at the base of the C column: this feature today bears his name. Along with the front air grille, it is one of the

unmistakable characteristics that define BMW automobiles. Paul G. Hahnemann joins the BMW board of directors. The talented head of the sales department introduces professional marketing strategies at BMW and restructures the company's product range to appeal to promising market niches. Under his leadership, BMW undertakes systematic expansion into markets outside Germany. 1962 Alexander von Falkenhausen, a motorcycle design engineer at BMW from the midThirties on, founds the motorsport brand AFM after WWII. Upon his return to BMW, he develops the engine of the New Class, unveiled in 1962. Later, as head of BMW engine development, he is the man behind BMW engine's legendary successes in the world of Formula Two racing. 1963 BMW 1800 comes as an evolution for the 1500 model. It is ten horsepower stronger. High-performance models produced many racing victories. 1964 Different versions of the original 1500 are launched. BMW 1600 used the 1500 engine and the 1800s pistons to produce 83bhp. The 1800ti (ti stands for touring international) has a power output of 110bhp. Hubert Hahne wins the German Circuit Championship driving an 1800ti. 1965 BMW's engine plant in Allach, founded in 1955, is sold. BMW withdraws from jet engine construction for 25 years, focusing instead on car and motorcycle production. 1966 BMW buys the crisis-ridden Hans Glas GmbH with its factories in Dingolfing and Landshut. Both plants are restructured, and over the coming decades the world's largest BMW plant takes shape in Dingolfing. Frameless side windows, two doors and smooth, unadorned surfaces: the hallmarks of the BMW 1600, unveiled on 9th March 1966 to mark the 50th anniversary of BMW. This will form the basis for the 3 Series. Head of BMW Motors, Alexander von Falkenhausen, creates a new engine: based on the 2 litre engine of the BMW 2000 TI, the 16-valve powerplant produces 260 hp. Known as the Apfelbeck engine, it propels a modified Brabham Formula Two car

through eight world records in 1966 alone. This engine is the Formula Two ticket for BMW and drivers such as Hubert Hahne, Dieter Quester, Jacky Ickx and Jo Siffert. 1967 BMW decides to make a convertible version for the 1600 model. They were built by Baur and only 1682 were ever produced. Very few were exported to the United States. 1968 BMW launched its large "New Six" sedans, the 2500, 2800, and American Bavaria, and coupés, the 2.5 CS and 2800 CS. At the wheel of a BMW Bergspider Monti, Austrian racing driver Dieter Quester claims several victories in Formula Two racing. He also wins the European touring car title three times: in 1968, 1969 and 1977. 1969 BMW follows up the 1600ti and 2002ti with the 2000tii. The second 'i' stands for injection and the engine now develops 130bhp. Car production needs more space in the Munich plant, so in 1969 BMW transfers motorcycle production to Spandau in Berlin. This plant becomes the new home of BMW motorcycles.

The first BMW "sporty sedan" - the 1500

1970 By the 1970’s BMW was a commercial success. Construction of a new HQ begins in Munich. The building is architecturally modeled after four cylinders. 1971 In December 1971 BMW stuff moves into the new HQ. It is still in use today and became a true icon for BMW. As early as 1971, the BMW 3.0 Si reaches the 200 km/h mark effortlessly. Six-cylinder engines are also incorporated in the new line of coupés. Continuing this development, the BMW 3.0 CSL light construction coupé causes furors in 1971, when it debuts on the racetrack and the streets with 180 to 206 hp.

1972 It is the year of the Summer Olympics in Munich. Paul Bracq, head of design at BMW, is the creator of the Turbo prototype. It had futuristic interior, a sleek exterior design with gullwing-doors. The car was powered by 4-cylinder, 1990cc turbocharged engine developing 280bhp. The first BMW 5 Series (so-called because it was the fifth new series after the V-8 and Isetta era) model is presented. Code name E12 ("E" stands for "Entwicklung", the German word for development) this car was mainly targeted at the American market, an important source of profits for BMW. The 520 and the 520i were 4 door Sedans with carbureted and fuel injected four-cylinder engines. BMW Motorsport is founded, initially created to facilitate BMW’s racing program, which was very successful in the 1960s and 1970s. In the next years they will give us some of the most amazing cars in the world. BMW builds a new factory in South Africa.

1973 Introduced at the Frankfurt Auto Show, BMW 2002 Turbo was one of the first massproduced turbos in the world. It had a KKK (Kuhnle, Kopp & Kausch) turbocharger. BMW wins the European Formula 2 Championship, European Touring Car Champion and World Sidecar Champion for the twentieth time. A proof of BMW’s global expansion is the opening of two more subsidiaries in France and in the United States. 1974 The 3.0 CSL race cars were the first cars to be developed under BMW Motorsport GmbH. They were also the first to sport the newly designated official colors of BMW Motorsport - red, blue and purple - and the first to use ABS. CSL stands for: coupé, sport, lightweight. Because of the aerodynamic wings, the 3.0 CSL was nicknamed “the Batmobile”.

1975 BMW launches the car that will gather the biggest sales in the years to come: the 3 Series. It is the BMW’s answer for an entry-level luxury sedan. The first model was the E21 as a successor to the 2002 model. At the time of the launch it the E21 had four versions: 316, 318, 320 and 320i. More powerful versions were avialable from Alpina. Alexander Calder, a well known artist especially for his abstract “mobiles”, which are described as the most innovative American sculptures of the 20th century, is the author of first BMW "art car". He turns a 3.0 CSL into a work of art on wheels. 1976 BMW launches a luxury coupé, the 6 Series, codename E24. The high built quality, the luxury, the sporty engines; the technical innovations remain a standard even in today’s market of luxury coupés. The 6 Series was equipped with a series of sensors that ran a check on oil pressure, windshield washer level, brake fluid level, brake lights, brake pad wear, tail lights, and coolant level thus helping the driver. This concept of the "check control" test panel has been used widely in BMW models ever since. With the 100 RS, BMW build the first motorcycle in the world with full fairing. The development of this focused primarily both on aerodynamic considerations and on the protection of the rider from wind and weather. At the same time, the R100 RS is first BMW with 1 liter capacity. With this model, BMW thus establishes the category of the sporty touring bikes - a segment in which BMW sets standards to this day. 1977 A full-size luxury sedan comes in the body of the BMW 7 Series. The E23 was BMW's replacement for the E3 2500-3.3Li. The first cars were the 728, 730 and the 733i with the advanced Bosch fuel injection. In 1977 BMW is the first vehicle manufacturer in the world to offer professional driver training. BMW has consistently improved and developed driver training programs in the years since that time. 1978

BMW competes in the Procar Series with Hans-Joachim Stuck and Niki Lauda driving the BMW M1. In order to get the homologation, BMW produced 450 M1’s street versions making it the rarest of modern BMW’s and a dream for many collectors. The M1 was the first car produced by BMW Motorsport. 1979 BMW is one of the pioneers in developing car’s electronics and computers. They keep investing in research and development for new technologies. The result is the Digital Motor Electronics (DME): a microcomputer synchronizes ignition and fuel injection for fuel savings, lower emissions and better engine performance. The Bavarians also start the research on the hydrogen engines as an alternative solution for the engines of the future. They start supplying armored cars for exclusive customers and institutions.
BMW E21, the first of the BMW's 3 Series

1980 BMW it’s also successful in the motorbike off-road racing winning the toughest race in this field, the Paris to Dakar rally. As a result their experience goes also on the road version models like the R80 G/S, G for "Gelände" (off-road), S for "Strasse" (road). This bike is bike is the first to be equipped with BMW's single swing-arm "monolever". BMW establishes the segment of the large, comfortable travel Enduro bikes, a key category in the motorcycle trade to this day. They begin the development of the Formula 1 engines. 1981 The Bavarian carmaker is already a global player but they want to expand on other continents. BMW is the first European carmaker that sees the opportunity of the Asian market. As a result they establish a subsidiary in Japan, the most powerful economy in Asia.

1982 The successor of the E21 model is the E30 3 Series. The E30 was more of an upgraded E21 than an all new car and it used some of the same engines. Major changes included improved front and rear suspension design, more modern interior design, and a deeper front spoiler. The E30 3-Series was produced in four body styles, a four door saloon, a two door coach, a five door estate (marketed as the "touring"), and a two door convertible. The fifth BMW plant is the Steyr facility and the next plant will be built at Regensburg showing the German automaker’s financial success. For the sixth time BMW wins the Formula 2 European Championship.

1983 It’s time for the 5 Series to renew itself. The new one is called the E28 and had more engine choices but minor styling updates. For the U.S. market the 528e version or ‘eta’ (the Greek letter eta stands for the engine's efficiency) was available. BMW starts to incorporate diesel engines for cars in its range. Driving a Brabham powered by a BMW four-cylinder turbo engine, Nelson Piquet wins the Formula 1 World Championships. The idea of the BMW motorcycle development engineer Josef Fritzenwenger to mount a longitudinally positioned in-line engine horizontally goes into serial production in 1983. The newly developed K Series joins the popular two-cylinder flat twin "boxer".

1984 The E28 receives new engines: the entry level 518i and the powerful M535i.

The 6 Series receives the top version: the M635CSi, essentially an E24 powered by the powerplant of the BMW M1. In the US market was simply called M6. BMW Technik GmbH is founded. Computers and robots revolutionize work in planning and production. The first European models with catalytic converters appear. 1985 Based on the E28 5 Series, BMW launches the phenomenal M5 at the Amsterdam Motor Show in February 1985. It had the looks and the capacity of a family sedan but the performance of a sportscar. The M5 uses the 535i chassis and a revised version of the M1’s engine. The total output was 286bhp making the M5 the fastest production saloon (sedan) in the world. The BMW 325 iX is the first BMW with four-wheel drive. BMW Z1 prototype is one of the first products made by BMW Technik GmbH. 1986 BMW gives birth to the M3, a car that will become an icon and an etalon in the sportcars market. The first version produced 195bhp and later models were upgraded up to 238bhp. Soon, the E30 M3 scored thousands of victories granting the title of one of the most successful touring cars in history. 786 cabriolets were also produced, all by hand in BMWs Garching plant. The 7 Series E32 was the next BMW luxury 4-door sedan. Originally equipped with the M30 6-cylinder engine, the E32 soon evolved with an 8 and later a 12 cylinder engine with up to 300 hp. Long wheel base models with more rear cabin space were designated L. The BMW 745i with direct fuel injection is the first European car with a liquid hydrogen tank and internal fuel preparation. BMW also celebrates its most successful year in the market in the United States of America - 96,800 registrations.

1987

Investment and care for research and development continues: the Research & Development Center in Munich (FIZ) employs some 6,000 people. The E30 M3 wins the World Touring Car Championship. The 3 Series is now available also as an estate version, called “Touring”. 1988 It’s time for the next 5 Series, the E34. It had a traditional straight six engine, providing the smooth engine and optimal weight distribution BMW customers had come to expect. Along the production years the 5 Series was available in large variety of engines from the 518i to the 540i. An M5 version was also available. The first versions developed a stunning 315bhp. Later on the M5 came with a Touring body version but only 891 cars were made. The E30 M3 is now available as a cabriolet version. Introduced at the 1987 Frankfurt Auto Show, the BMW Z1 was a very expensive car for its time. Only 8000 were made. The Z1 was one of the first BMWs to have multilink rear suspension. BMW is the world's first motorcycle manufacturer to use an electronic-hydraulic antilock braking system (ABS) for bikes.

1989 BMW aims at the luxury sport coupé market and launches the 8 Series. The first available was the E31 850i. It had a 5liter v12 engine developing 300bhp.

In the motorcycle business BMW launches the K1 bike. BMW breaks the production records by making half a million cars. The Bavarian car maker has a healthy economical situation with a turnover of 20 million Deutsche Marks. 1990 In November 1990 the 3 Series is renewed by the E36 model. If the E30 was first available as a coupé, the E36 is launched as a sedan first. There were four models available: 316i, 318i, 320i, and 325i. The six cylinder models all had a new 24 valve engine from the E34 5 series. A four-valve modified version of the K100 RS motorcycle is launched this year. It will go on to be named motorcycle of the year five years running. ABS is now standard on all K-Series machines. 1991 New diesel engines are available for the 3 Series and the 5 Series. The 525tds had the new M51 six cylinder diesel engine which had 143bhp. The same engine but without the intercooler equipped 325td. Turbo models carried the "td" badge, while intercooler models are coded "tds". On March 18, 1991 the one millionth BMW motorcycle rolls off the factory production floor. It is a three-cylinder K75 RT that is eventually donated to the Red Cross. 1992 BMW presents the new E36 3 Series coupé. It was available as 318is, 320i and 325i. The 318is had the same 16 valve engine as the E30 318is but now had 140bhp. Introduced in Europe at the 1992 Paris Auto Show, replacing the E30 M3, the original

E36 M3 featured a six cylinder engine with 286 hp and a top speed of 250 km/h. The engine was designated the S50. The E34 M5 has now a bigger displacement engine, increased from 3.5l to 3.8l, developing 340bhp. The Touring version for the 5 Series E34 is launched and also the four wheel drive version for the 525, named “ix”. The new 730i and 740i eight cylinder replaced the 735i and 735iL. The eight cylinder models received the same wide kidney grille as the 750i. 1993 The 3 Series E36 receives new body versions like the convertible and the compact. The compact version is essentially a 3 Series coupé with a chopped off boot lid. To make it affordable only small engines were available like the 316i and the 318i. Meanwhile the 5 Series grows bigger in terms of engines with the 530i and the 540i. Both the E34 BMW 530i and 540i shared the M60 engine. The 530i developed 218bhp while in the 540i it developed 282bhp. The ultra luxurious 8 Series receives a v8 engine in the 840Ci model developing 286bhp. Top of the line 8 Series was the 850CSi. It’s v12 engine developing a staggering 380bhp. The R1100 RS sports tourer motorcycle is fitted with both Paralever rear suspension and the new Telelever front suspension. 1994 The convertible and the sedan versions of the E36 M3 model are revealed. The E38 7 Series was introduced in August 1994 replacing the E32. Almost all 7 Series models are automatic with a five speed adaptive transmission. The iL models have an extra 140mm of wheel base, which provides more rear leg room. BMW’s flagship sedan became the 750iL with its v12-cylinder engine the same fitted in the Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph. Under the leadership of Bernd Pischetsrieder, BMW acquires the Rover Group. This brought the active Rover, Mini and Land Rover brands as well as rights to other brands such as Austin, Morris, Riley, Triumph and Wolseley under BMW ownership.

BMW finished the building of a new plant in Spartanburg, South Carolina in the United States. 1995 The E36 3 Series receives the Touring version, the 4th body style after the sedan, coupé and convertible making it the most complete series from the BMW range. With a more streamline body and a fresh design the E39 5 Series replaces the old E34. The base model was the 520i, which developed 150bhp in the earlier models and developed 170 hp in later models. Most parts of the chassis are made from aluminum, giving precise and responsive handling for more rewarding driving. BMW revives the roadster market with the Z3 model. It is the first car produced in the Spartanburg plant. The Z3 was developed from the E36 platform of the 3 Series. The resulting platform is sometimes referred to as the E36/7(roadster) or E36/8(coupé). This model also featured in the famous James Bond movie, “Golden Eye”. McLaren F1 GTR wins the famous Le Mans 24 hours race. What not everybody knows is that this impressive car was powered by a BMW engine. The road version of the F1 had a BMW 6.1 Liter V12 engine producing 627 hp. This engine was initially designated for an M version of the 8 Series but it never went into production. 1996 It is time for the E39 5 Series to receive the Touring version. New engines are available for the 5 Series: 535i and 540i. The 540i was powered by the 282bhp 4.4l v8. A long version (L) is now available for the entry level 7 Series, the 728i. BMW introduces the company's most powerful motorcycle to date, the four-cylinder liquid-cooled K1200 RS. 1997 Because the Z Series had only small 4cylinder engines a larger straight-6 2.8l engine is now available. This engine, similar to the 3 Series except with an all aluminum block and head, was especially desirable with its 189bhp. In response to a drop in demand for sporting machines, BMW markets it’s first-ever chopper/cruiser the R1200 C.

1998 With a complete new design with a nice looking interior and some updated engines. The higher price of the new E46 3 Series did not matter; it sold well from the start. The following engines were available from the start: 318i / 320d and 320i / 323i / 328i. BMW introduces the E39 M5 at the Geneva Motor Show. Unlike its predecessors, the E39 M5 was not handbuilt at the BMW M GmbH factory; it was produced on the same assembly line as the normal E39 5-series at the Dingolfing factory in Germany. The E39 M5 was also the first M car powered by a V8 engine. The S62 engine with 400bhp made the new M5 the world's most powerful sedan. The top versions of the Z Series were of course the ones wearing the M badge. The two body versions (roadster and coupé) had a 240bhp, 3.2l engine. In 1998, both BMW and Volkswagen tried to purchase Rolls-Royce Motors. Volkswagen outbid BMW and bought the company for £430 million, but BMW outflanked its German rival. Although Volkswagen had bought rights to the "Spirit of Ecstasy" mascot and the shape of the radiator grille, it lacked rights to the Rolls-Royce name. Rolls-Royce plc (the aero-engine business) retained the rights over the RollsRoyce trademark and wished to strengthen its existing business partnership with BMW which extended to the BMW Rolls-Royce joint venture. Consequently, BMW was allowed to acquire the rights to the grille and mascot, and licensed the name and "RR" logo after 2003 for £40 million. Volkswagen was permitted to build Rolls-Royces at its Crewe factory only until 2003, but quickly shifted its emphasis to the Bentley brand. After a 12-year absence BMW returns to the Paris-Dakar Rally with F650 competition motorcycles.

1999 The E46 3 Series range receives the coupé and the touring versions. The next car that came out of the BMW’s plant in Spartanburg South Carolina was the E53 X5 SUV. BMW called it a SAV, Sports Activity Vehicle because the X5 had

limited off-road capabilities but a sporty handling and feel very similar with one from a BMW sedan. Two engines were available at the start: the 4.4 liter v8, producing 286bhp and the 3.0 liter straight six with 231bhp. BMW presents a successor for the famous 507. It is called the E52 Z8. The car combines perfectly the classic lines of the BMW roadsters together with modern design. The appointments are superb, from the soft leather interior, the art deco steering wheel, to the sculptured rear view mirror and brushed metal trim. The roadster had an all aluminum chassis and body. The power plant was the E39 M5 engine giving it a sprint from 0 to 60mph in under 5 seconds. The car was featured in the James Bond movie “The World Is Not Enough” in late 1999. Once again the Bavarians win the Le Mans 24 Hours race with the BMW V12 LMR car running in the LMP 900 (Le Mans prototype) category. BMW returns to Formula 1. The German manufacturer signs a long term agreement with Williams F1 Team to supply engines and expertise for a period of 6 years. BMW's motorcycle division had the strongest sales year in its entire history.

Current Status Of BMW
Current Management Team;- Founder

The board of management. The board of management consists of six members plus the chairman of the board. Dr. - Ing. Norbert Reithofer Chairman of the Board of Management Frank-Peter Arndt Production Dr. Friedrich Eichiner Finance

Dr. - Ing. Herbert Diess Purchasing and Supplier Network

Harald Krüger Human Resources, Industrial Relations Director Ian Robertson Sales and Marketing

Dr. - Ing. Klaus Draeger Development

Supervisory Board. In accordance with the regulations contained in the German Co-determination Act, BMW AG's Supervisory Board comprises ten shareholder representatives (elected by the Annual General Meeting) and ten employee representatives (elected by the employees): Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Dr.-Ing. E.h.Joachim Milberg, Chairman Manfred Schoch*, Deputy Chairman Stefan Quandt, Deputy Chairman Stefan Schmid*, Deputy Chairman Prof. Dr. Jürgen Strube, Deputy Chairman Bertin Eichler* Franz Markus Haniel Prof. Dr. Reinhard Hüttl Susanne Klatten Dr. Karl-Ludwig Kley Prof. Dr. Renate Köcher Robert W. Lane Horst Lischka* Willibald Löw* Wolfgang Mayrhuber Werner Neugebauer* Franz Oberländer* Anton Ruf* Maria Schmidt* Werner Zierer* *employee representatives

Further information is available under Investor Relations.

BMW is currently manufacturing • Series 5 • Series 6 • Series 7 • X- Series • Z4 • M-Series • Hybrid 5 Series BMW 5 Series A mid-size executive car. For model year 2008, BMW has revised the 5 Series with a slightly redesigned interior, subtle exterior details, and new motor options.

•

The M5 is the Motorsport division's version of the 5 Series. The new M5 (built on the E60 5 series chassis) is powered by a F1-inspired V10 engine, producing 507 hp (378 kW) and is mated with a 7-speed SMG transmission, which is capable of a top speed of about 330 km/h (production variants are restricted to 250 km/h, or 155 mph). BMW has also recently added a 6-speed manual transmission for 2007 and newer models.

2005 5 Series (E60) 2007 5 Series Touring with M Sport Package (E61) with M Sport Package

2007 E60 BMW 2002 E39 BMW M5 M5 Sedan

6 Series BMW 6 Series The 6 Series is BMW's grand touring luxury sport coupe, based on the 5 Series' platform. Currently available as the 650i in coupe (E63) and convertible (E64) models in the United States, elsewhere available in a diesel and petrol straight-6 option - 630i & 635d. The BMW 6 Series returned in 2004 after a 15-year absence from BMW's model lineup.
•

M6: A high performance version of the 6 Series. Developed by BMW's M Division, it is powered by the same 5.0 L V10 507 hp (378 kW) engine seen in the BMW M5. It is currently available in Russia, Europe, North America, South America, Australia and South Africa.

BMW 645Ci Convertible 2004 (E64)

BMW 650i Coupe 2008 (E63)

BMW 645Ci Convertible 2004 (E64)

BMW 645Ci Coupe 2004 (E63)

7 Series BMW 7 Series BMW 7-Series (F01) BMW's full-size flagship executive sedan. Typically, BMW introduces many of their innovations first in the 7 Series. For example, the somewhat controversial iDrive system debuted in the 7 Series. The 7 Series Hydrogen, featuring one of the world's first hydrogen fueled internal combustion engines, is fueled by liquid hydrogen and emits only clean water vapor. Since the infrastructure for refueling a hydrogen fueled engine is not widely available, the V12 engine also runs on gasoline. BMW has also developed a newer, more efficient hydrogen combustion engine, now on par with some of the most efficient diesel engines. Numerous engines also power the 7 Series worldwide. BMW offers diesel, straight 6, V8 and V12 motors, as well as the Alpina tuned supercharged V8. It is also available in a bulletproof version.

X3 BMW X3 BMW X3 SUV (E83) BMW's second crossover SUV debuted in November 2003 as a Model Year 2004 (called SAV or Sports Activity Vehicle by BMW) and is based on the E46/16 3 Series platform. For 2007, the X3 is powered by the N52 inline 6 cylinder engine that debuted on the 2006 E90 3 Series. In 2007 a face lift was given to the X3, including an X-drive update, suspension adjustments, an engine upgrade, and aesthetics inside and out.

As well in 2007 the BMW X3 range extended with smaller engines including the 4-cylinder petrol and diesel option. These options now becoming available to countries across Europe, America, Asia and Australia. Marketed in Europe as an off-roader, it benefits from BMW's xDrive all-wheel drive system. X5 BMW X5 BMW X5 SAV (E70) The BMW X5 (E53) is a mid-size luxury SUV (SAV) sold by BMW since 2000. It features all-wheel drive and a line of straight-6 and V8 engines. For non-U.S. models there is a 3.0 L diesel engine. The BMW E70 automobile platform replaced the BMW E53 as the X5's underpinnings in November 2006. The E70-based X5 SAV features many new technological advancements including BMW's iDrive system as standard equipment and, for the first time in a BMW, an optional third row seat. The current generation incorporates safety innovations for the crossover segment, such as a unique rear framing section to protect 3rd row occupants from injury due to an impact. The U.S. E70 features either a 3.0si(253 hp)or a 4.8i(350 hp) powertrain. In most parts of a 3.0d(232 hp)is offered and in North America and most parts of Europe a 3.0sd(282 hp) powertrain is available. For the 2010 model year the X5 will receive the new iDrive system and the BMW individual audio system along with various other minor updates. Another addition for 2010 will be the X5 M with 408 kW/555 hp from an all new Twin Turbo V8, it is the first production engine in the world with a common exhaust manifold encompassing both rows of cylinders and Twin Scroll Twin Turbo Technology. It has a more aggressive bodykit and a lowered ride height

The Branding for the X5 from late 2008 onwards follows the new BMW branding scheme, for example the X5 3.0sd is now called the X5 XDrive 35D and the 4.8 i is called the X5 XDrive 48I. X6 BMW X6 BMW X6 SAC (E71) A crossover coupe SUV released by BMW in December 2007. The X6 is stated as the Sports Activity Coupe (SAC) by the BMW. Great design with the combination of a SUV and a coupe. From 2008 the BMW X6 SAC was available as a X6 xDrive 30d, X6 xDrive 35d, X6 xDrive 35i or a X6 xDrive 50i. With high under-pinnings and luxury features from the BMW 6 Series, the BMW X6 seats only four persons in total. The rear seats share a centre console based from the BMW 3 Series Coupe (E92). An all new version of the 550i/650i's engine (N62) is being used in the X6 with twin turbo technology from the 135i/335i. The standard engines 340 bhp (250 kW) will be increased to 410 bhp (310 kW). The advanced twin turbos will be placed in the 'v' of the V8 engine, therefore the exhaust and intake manifolds will be in the un-traditional position - exhausts top of the engine and engine intakes directed to the outer sides of the 'v'. Like the BMW X5 (E70) the BMW X6 will also have an upcoming M version, being the BMW X6 M. Seen in the 2009 MotoGP as one of the pace cars. Z4 A 2-seater roadster and coupe which succeeded the Z3. From 2006 the Z4 Roadster is available as a 3.0i (3.0 L I6 with 215 hp), a 3.0si available with the new generation 3.0 L I6 with 255 hp (190 kW), a 2.5si with a 2.5 I6 with 218 bhp (163 kW) or a 2.0i with a 150 bhp (112 kW) 2.0 L I4. The Z4 coupé is available only in the high-performance 3.0si trim powered by the 3.0 L 255 hp (190 kW) I6. The Z4 (E85 Roadster/E86 Coupe) was built at the Spartanburg plant. Its

successor, also named Z4 (E89) - this time a coupé-convertible with folding hardtopwill be built in Regensburg alongside the (E93) 3-Series Cabrio.
•

Z4 M models The new M Roadster and M Coupe have been released with an E46 M3 motor (3.2 L, 333 hp) and also features the M braking, suspension, and styling characteristics.

BMW Z4 Roadster (E85)

BMW Z4 Coupe (E86)

BMW Z4 sDrive23i (E89)

BMW Z4 sDrive23i (E89)

BMW M BMW M
•

M3

BMW M3 BMW M3 Coupé (E92) Based on the 3 Series, the M3 defined an entirely new market for BMW: a race-ready production vehicle. Since its debut, the M3 is heralded in enthusiast circles, in large part due to its unique geometry and award winning engines. The newest platform became available the Autumn of 2007 in Europe, and
second quarter of 2008 for the U.S. in Coupe (E92), and later the Cabriolet (E93), and Sedan (E90) variants. Transmission available in 6-speed manual or 7-speed M DCT DriveLogic (Double Clutch Transmission).
•

M5

BMW M5 BMW M5 (E60) Based on the 5 Series, the M5 is the M division's 507 hp (378 kW) V10-powered version of the E60 5 series which accelerates to 62 mph (100 km/h) in 4.7 seconds.[14]

M6

BMW M6 Coupe (E63) BMW M6 The M6 is the M division's version of the 6 Series. The M6 shares its drivetrain with the M5. The V10 produces 508 hp (379 kW) and 383lb/ft (520Nm) of Torque. The production M6 debuted at the 2005 Geneva Motor Show. It is currently available in a coupe and a convertible version. There is speculation that an M6 CSL version is to be released in the future. The vehicle is based on the 6 Series coupe and convertible, which were launched in 2004. Carbon fiber and other light materials are used in places like the bumpers and roof that are far from the centre of gravity and/or high up, so that they not only reduce the overall weight but improve the handling by reducing the moment of inertia and the centre of mass height. The previous generation was launched in 1983, but ended in 1989 with around 5,855 sold.
•

Z4 M

BMW M Coupe and BMW M Roadster

BMW M Roadster (E85) The Z4 M is powered a slightly detuned 3.2-litre BMW M3(E46) straight-six engine. Performance figures are: 3,246 cc displacement, 330 bhp (246 kW) at 7,900 rpm, 262 lb·ft (355 N·m) of torque at 4,900 rpm, 8,000 rpm redline. Output per litre is 103 bhp (77 kW), and power-to-weight ratio is 9.9 lb/bhp. Acceleration to 60 mph (100 km/h) comes in 4.8 seconds and top speed is limited electronically to 155 mph (249 km/h). • X5M The X5M is the M division's version of the X5. The X5M shares its drivetrain with the X6M. The V8 twin scroll twin turbo produces 555 hp (414 kW) and 502lb/ft (680Nm) of Torque.
•

X6M

The X6M is the M division's version of the X6. The X6M shares its drivetrain with the X5M. The V8 twin scroll twin turbo produces 555 hp (414 kW) and 502lb/ft (680Nm) of Torque.

FUTURE PROJECTS:
BMW 7 Series ActiveHybrid F01/F02 Luxury sedan

BMW announced the production version of the all-new BMW ActiveHybrid 7, which will also premiere at the Frankfurt Auto Show (IAA) in September. The BMW ActiveHybrid 7 will reach America shores in Spring, 2010. Based on the newest BMW 7 Series, this unique car sets new standards for performance and efficiency in the premium luxury class. 2009 BMW 7 Series ActiveHybrid F01/F02 Luxury Sedan photo gallery

BMW 7 Series ActiveHybrid F01/F02 Type 7 Series ActiveHybrid Engine Code N64 B44 Displacement 4395cc Cylinders 8 Fuel type Gasoline Power 340kW | 455HP Torque@RPM 700Nm@-rpm Performance Top Speed 240km/h | 150mph Acceleration 4.8s 0-100km/h 0-60mph Fuel Consumption (l/100km | mpg) City Highway Combined 9.6 | 24.5

Dimensions Length (*LWB) 5072mm (*5212mm) Width 1902mm Height 1479mm Source for technical specifications: BMW.com. This symbiosis of an upgraded twin-turbo, High Precision Direct Injection, V8 engine with a 3-phase synchronous electric motor gives the BMW ActiveHybrid 7 a combined output of 455 hp and maximum torque of 516 lb-ft (preliminary figures). Power is transmitted via an 8-speed automatic transmission with the electric motor positioned between the engine and the torque converter. The electric motor receives its supply of energy from a lithium-ion battery developed specifically for use in this automobile. Precisely controlled interaction of both power sources serves to maximize the efficiency and dynamic performance of the BMW ActiveHybrid 7. The result is a unique driving experience that demonstrates the performance capabilities of modern hybrid technology. The BMW ActiveHybrid 7 accelerates to 60 mph in 4.8 seconds (preliminary), while delivering fuel economy approximately 15% better than the 750i. Official EPA ratings will be available closer to the US market launch. BMW ActiveHybrid technology also provides new features that promote efficiency while preserving comfort. As an example, the BMW ActiveHybrid 7 is the first BMW with automatic transmission to feature Auto Start Stop to maximize efficiency by avoiding engine idling when stopped. Another advantage is that the air conditioning and ventilation system remains fully operational when using Auto Start Stop. In this case, power is supplied directly through the 120-volt on-board network powered by the lithium-ion battery. Special displays in the instrument cluster and the Central Display inform the passengers of the degree of efficiency and the current operating status of the hybrid components. The ActiveHybrid 7 is distinguished from the 750i by aerodynamically-tuned ten-spoke 19-inch light-alloy Aero wheels, and model designations on the trunk lid, C-pillars, and on the door cutouts. The BMW ActiveHybrid 7 is also available in Bluewater Metallic exterior paintwork. Like existing BMW 7 Series models, BMW's first luxury sedan with ActiveHybrid technology will enter the market in two body variants. The extended version of BMW ActiveHybrid 7 has a wheelbase increased by 5.5", all of which is devoted to the enhanced comfort of rear-seat passengers. Both models are available with a wide range of options from the portfolio of equipment and accessories offered on the BMW 7 Series, enabling the tailoring of the ActiveHybrid 7 to individual tastes and requirements. BMW ActiveHybrid: A key element of the BMW EfficientDynamics philosophy.

The BMW ActiveHybrid 7 takes an innovative approach to ensure outstanding efficiency in this segment. At the same time this unique sport sedan offers dynamic driving characteristics at a level that one would expect from The Ultimate Driving Machine. BMW ActiveHybrid is an important element within the BMW EfficientDynamics philosophy meant to offer technologies able to significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions on every new model while enhancing driving performance. BMW uses hybrid technology because it can make an effective contribution to the reduction of fuel consumption and emissions. As a rule, the savings potential of hybrid technology increases with the power of the combustion engine interacting with the system. In the case of the BMW ActiveHybrid 7 precise coordination of the electric motor and the V8 serves to optimize the efficiency of the combustion engine under all operating conditions. Intelligent energy management for generation, storage and use of electric power. The ActiveHybrid concept stores energy in a compact, high-performance lithium-ion battery. The processes of charging the battery, supplying power to the electric motor, and electric ancillaries are managed by a control unit developed specifi¬cally for the BMW ActiveHybrid 7. Energy Regeneration: Electric power captured using no extra fuel. BMW ActiveHybrid technology uses energy that would be normally converted into heat through the brakes, and therefore wasted in conventional cars. The BMW ActiveHybrid 7 features an enhanced version of Brake Energy Regeneration already used in some current BMW models running on a combustion engine alone. In this case the integrated electric motor acts as a generator when coasting or applying the brakes, in order to feed electric power into the battery. Brake Energy Regeneration converts some of the vehicle's kinetic energy into electric power for the on-board network whenever the driver lifts off the accelerator or applies the brakes. On acceleration, electricity is fed back into the on-board network from the lithium-ion battery. This sequence relieves the combustion engine from the task of converting some of its fuel energy into electric current, and thus enables the engine to provide more power directly to the rear wheels. The result is better acceleration even than the 750i, despite the fact that the additional power is obtained in a way that does not require additional consumption of fuel. When the driver requires only a small amount of brake force, the system uses only the drag of the electric generator (motor). The mechanical brakes are activated only when the driver presses down the brake pedal harder for more stopping power. Dynamic Stability Control controls the balance of electrical and mechanical braking so adeptly that the driver does not even perceive the transition from braking with electric power to braking with the mechanical brake system. Two interconnected on-board networks for flexible management of energy.

The BMW ActiveHybrid 7 features both a conventional 12-volt on-board network fed by an absorbent glass mat (AGM) battery and an additional battery featuring lithiumion technology operating at 120-volts. The lithium-ion battery supplies power to the electric motor as required and serves to start the engine. Electric power generated by Brake Energy Regeneration is fed into both on-board networks. The air conditioner compressor on BMW ActiveHybrid 7 is integrated in the 120-volt network. All other electrically operated functions of the car are supplied by the 12-volt network. The two on-board networks are connected by a voltage converter featuring flexible energy management. Both batteries are charged and maintained through Brake Energy Regeneration. The 12-volt battery is fed with energy from the high-voltage network. Cutting-edge battery technology: lithium-ion with superior capacity and multicycle operating strength. BMW found that lithium-ion battery technology offers sufficient energy storage capability while taking up minimal space. The result is that the BMW ActiveHybrid 7 gives up almost no luggage capacity to its conventional siblings (750i and 750Li), because the 120-volt battery is small enough to be mounted underneath the trunk floor. Furthermore, the weight penalty incurred by this battery is minimal, meaning less energy is consumed to carry it. Using this technology enables the ActiveHybrid 7 to maximize storage capacity and acceleration in the hybrid luxury sedan segment. It is the fastest-accelerating hybrid sedan in the world. The useful energy provided by this high-performance battery is 400 watt-hours. The battery itself is comprised of 35 cells and an integrated control unit which continuously analyzes the charge level and ensures appropriate dependability under all conditions. Despite its high level of performance, the lithium-ion battery measures just 14.6 x 8.7 x 9.1 inches (37 x 22 x 23 centimeters) and weighs a mere 59.5 lb or 27 kg. Hence, it is only slightly larger than a conventional car battery and is housed conveniently in the trunk floor between the wheel arches of BMW ActiveHybrid 7, safely surrounded by a high-strength special casing. This location provides protection for the battery and helps to preserve the 7 Series' ideal 50-50 weight distribution. The luggage compartment with its capacity of approximately 13 cu. ft. offers adequate space for four 46-inch golf bags. Twin-turbocharged V8 gasoline engine with High Precision Direct Injection. The combustion engine is the innovative reverse-flow V8 introduced in the BMW X6. The world's first V8 gasoline engine with two turbochargers in the V-section between the two rows of cylinders develops power throughout the entire engine speed range. The spontaneous and direct response of this engine results from its compact configuration, which allows the shortest exhaust manifolds. Displacing 4.4 liters, this outstanding engine delivers its maximum output of 440 hp between 5,500 and 6,000 rpm. Peak torque of 475 lb-ft is maintained from 2,000 to 4,500 rpm, with High Precision Direct Injection ensuring precise supply of fuel at all

times. Piezo-injectors positioned in the combustion chambers between the valves ensure a smooth, efficient and clean combustion process. The engine fulfils the European EU5 standard as well as the ULEV II standards in the US. Compared with the engine featured in the BMW 750i/Li, this version has been modified in numerous respects to the specific requirements of the BMW ActiveHybrid 7. There is no starter, alternator, or belt drive for the air-conditioning compressor and hydraulic pump. The cooling system has been modified for hybrid operation. The result is remarkable power from idle. The response of the engine is enhanced by the electric motor with its additional torque. The direct response to the accelerator pedal is impressive when compared either with conventional 7 Series models or existing hybrid vehicles already in the market. Acceleration to 60 mph in 4.8 seconds (preliminary) ranks it among the fastest and most thoroughbred sports cars in the world. Top speed of BMW ActiveHybrid 7 is electronically limited to 150 mph. Electric motor starting and supporting one of the most advanced V8s. The three-phase synchronous electric motor featured in BMW ActiveHybrid 7 is positioned between the engine and the torque converter, and is connected to the crankshaft. Shaped like a disc, the electric motor weighs 50.7 lb (23 kg). Its compact design ensures full integration in the transmission housing. The electric motor generates boost of approximately 20 hp and peak torque of 155 lb-ft. When operating as a generator in Brake Energy Regeneration, the electric motor produces approximately 27 hp of brake force. In total, the BMW ActiveHybrid 7 features a maximum system output of 455 hp and peak torque of 516 lb-ft (preliminary). Normally, this level of power output would require a correspondingly high increase in fuel consumption. The BMW ActiveHybrid 7, in contrast, combines its power with an equally impressive increase in fuel efficiency of about 15%. 8-speed automatic transmission in combination with Auto Start Stop. To transmit the drive power developed jointly by the V8 and the electric motor, the BMW ActiveHybrid 7 features a newly developed 8-speed automatic transmission specifically tailored to the demands of hybrid technology. This high-tech transmission combines shift comfort, sportiness and efficiency at unprecedented levels. The new 8-speed close-ratio automatic transmission uses an inno¬vative gear-set configuration providing two additional gears and a larger overall gear range than the 6speed automatic transmission used by BMW without negative effects on size, weight, or internal efficiency. With the new transmission, the V8 engine is better able to stay in the power peak while ensuring greater overall efficiency. Overall efficiency is further enhanced with the Auto Start Stop function. Auto Start Stop automatically switches off the combustion engine at idle, eliminating fuel consumption when stopped. Once the driver's foot comes off the brake pedal, the engine restarts instantaneously. Starting of the V8 engine is accomplished by the electric

motor, which is supplied with power from the high-voltage battery. This enables the engine to start extremely quickly and without any vibration. The automatic transmission is maintained in a "ready-to-drive" mode by a new hydraulic pressure accumulator for the valve body of the transmission. Additionally, the engine control unit "remembers" engine crank position and uses delay-free ignition to restart the engine in less than one crank rotation. The engine is also switched off when the driver uses the Auto Hold function. The driver just has to slightly press down on the gas pedal in order to reactivate the engine. Continuous climate control in all circumstances. The climate control system in the BMW ActiveHybrid 7 is supplied with power directly from the high-voltage battery, thus ensuring all the usual functionality regardless of whether the engine is running. Hence, operation of Auto Start Stop does not compromise the infotainment or climate system operation. The desired interior temperatures are maintained consistently, regardless of how frequently or for how long the engine shuts off. The standard 4-zone automatic climate control has a parked-vehicle function activated whenever desired by remote control. This feature serves to cool down the interior in hot weather before getting into in the car. The highly efficient air conditioning system can reduce in interior tem¬perature quickly and efficiently by more than 50 degrees Fahrenheit, providing pleasant starting conditions in an appropriately cool and pleasant passenger compartment. By running on pure electric power, the air conditioner compressor begins cooling the car more quickly than in a conventional system. Efficiency made visible: special display concept. Featuring Black Panel technology, the instrument cluster in the BMW ActiveHybrid 7 is supplemented by an energy flow display in the lower section of the tachometer, a blue arrow shows the current status of Brake Energy Regeneration. When accelerating, an additional graphic display illustrates the boost effect generated by the electric motor. Using the iDrive control system in the Central Display, the driver is able to see a detailed view of the interaction between the V8 engine and electric motor. Beyond the current charge level of the lithium-ion battery, this display also shows the real-time flow of energy. As an alternative to this graphic display, the system can analyze the current efficiency. In this case a bar graph, which is updated every minute, shows the efficiency levels achieved by the hybrid components during the last fifteen minutes. Cutting-edge suspension technology for maximum control and comfort. When the new BMW 7 Series was introduced in 2009, it set new standards for comfort and driving dynamics. The double-wishbone front suspension and an enhanced IntegralV rear suspension provide the ActiveHybrid 7 with the ride comfort one would expect of a BMW sport-luxury sedan with the handling and control of a sports car. The long-wheelbase version of BMW ActiveHybrid 7 includes self-leveling rear suspension. Both models are fitted with BMW's vehicle speed-variable Servotronic

power steering as well as Driving Dynamics Control. The driver is able to choose the preferred shock absorber setting, the appropriate operation of Dynamic Stability Control, the shift character of the automatic transmission, as well as the throttle response and Servotronic steering assist. The brake system on the BMW ActiveHybrid 7 provides excellent stopping power in every situation. Inner-vented discs and floating calipers front and rear guarantee resistance to fade. The ActiveHybrid 7 comes standard with 19-inch light-alloy rims in an aerodynamically optimized ten-spoke Aero turbine wheel design, unique to this model. Likewise, runflat tires measuring 245/45 R19 front and 275/40 R19 rear enable the driver to continue even after a complete loss of pressure at a speed of up to 50 mph for up to 150 miles. As an added measure of security, the Tire Pressure Monitor will warn the driver if ever the pressure in any of the tires drops more than 20 percent. ActiveHybrid safety systems. The safety concept for the car's hybrid components is comprehensive. All components in the high-voltage system feature full insulation and special plug connectors. The lithium-ion battery is protected by a high-strength steel housing and is positioned between the wheel wells in the luggage compartment, and has already been subjected to a wide range of crash tests. Last but not least, the entire high-voltage system is automatically switched off within a fraction of a second in case of a malfunction or collision. Best of Hybrid: flexible development for optimized concepts on each model. The hybrid components featured in BMW ActiveHybrid 7 were developed jointly by BMW and Daimler in a cooperation project seeking to develop and test components for hybrid drive in luxury performance cars. Apart from the electric motor and the lithiumion battery, this joint venture also served to develop the power electronics for the highvoltage network featured in the BMW ActiveHybrid 7. Each manufacturer subsequently integrated the hybrid components into the respective model in accordance with individual, brand-specific requirements. One of the unique characteristics of the BMW ActiveHybrid 7 is exemplified by the combination of an electric motor with a V8 engine. BMW ActiveHybrid is based on a modular principle which, following the Best of Hybrid strategy, ensures perfect integration of the optimum component in vari¬ous vehicle concepts. Hence, the mild hybrid concept of the BMW ActiveHybrid 7 is tailored ideally to the specific requirements of this model as is the full hybrid concept for BMW ActiveHybrid X6, which will arrive at BMW Centers later this year. Source: BMW Press Release

Concept Car (Prototypes)

The third year students of the post-high Transportation Design School - Car Design Course (academic Year 2007-2008) at the Istituto Europeo di Design of Turin were faced with a challenge launched in partnership with BMW.

BMW ZX-6 Concept by Jai Ho Yoo and Lukas Vanek The thesis brief was "Designing the BMW of 2015, interpreting the language evolution and the trademark essence, in view of the company’s future perspectives". The 8 final 1:4 scale models will be displayed at the Istituto Europeo di Design, in Via S. Quintino 39, Turin, within the “Apriti IED” event, until the end of September 2008 (visiting hours: 09:00 – 13:00 and 14:00 – 18:00). Admission is free. Projects development During the first phase of the project students were involved in the research of a product and a style projected towards the future, for their subsequent application to actual scenarios of a close tomorrow.

BMW Vela Concept by Andrea Corona, Alex Mastinu and Yim Sumi Initially, students’ concept work focused on individuating wishes, needs, tastes and life style of an individual (man or woman) meant to turn 35 years old in 2025. As to shapes development, they were asked to find an inspiration source looking both into natural elements like the sun, the sea, the wind or the earth and in forms of expression such as music, painting or arts in general. For the second phase of the project, young car designers had to use the project essence and formal language individuated in the previous stage to develop both the interior and exterior of an actual car suitable to fit in an hypothetical 2015 life context and able to generate emotions while also identifying the BMW profile. The 35 students involved were subdivided into 18 teams, all coordinated by Fulvio Fantolino, Coordinator of the Transportation Design – car design Course and owner of F&F Design Studio.

Students were also followed throughout the internal stages of project development by a BMW Commission including Thomas Plath, Director Model Techniques and Process Management, and Anders Warming, BMW Exterior Design Director, under the supervision of Chris Bangle, Chief of Design for BMW Group. The proposals elaborated by all student teams were later evaluated with the selection of 12, out of which 8 were developed in 1:4 models, in collaboration with Cecomp, and the remaining 4 turned into virtual models. “Working with BMW following the concept requirements and quality standards of their trademark has always been a goal and an excellence milestone aimed at by the Istituto Europeo di Design of Turin – states César Mendoza, IED Turin Director. "Achieving such objective is a huge satisfaction for both the School and our students and we are delighted to share the results of all our efforts with all car-lovers”. Projects particularly appreciated by the commission included: “Africa. decompose concept.” by Raphael Laurent and Mihaï Panaîtescu and “Snug” by David Raffai, Kevin Schlaepfer, Andrea Torchia and Alberto Usai.

1:4 scale models: BMW Vela (left) and Africa (right) AFRICA - decompose Concept

Authors: Raphael Laurent and Mihai Panaitescu Project Concept Taking inspiration from African lifestyle, tradition and art; searching for unique ways of thinking, different from modern ones and creating culture design. Designing a car for future Africans gives the possibility to rethink vehicles that really fit their owners, through aesthetics, mentality and way of use. The vehicle deconstructs itself in order to fit different daily needs. The design language is developed as to facilitate the concept, taking in account the African culture and artistic expression.

SNUG Concept

Authors: David Raffai, Kevin Schlaepfer, Andrea Torchia and Alberto Usai Project Concept: "In the future metropolis, which will be more and more chaotic, confusing, grey and polluted, we risk becoming automatons, slaves to money and personal success: not accepting the intrinsic naturalism of the human being; ready, instead, for selection and competition, forgetting about individual diversity and the respect of pure ideas, which separate us from cold, mechanic industrialization. "Escape, via art, from the objective conception of things, choosing instead authentic, non-contaminated expression."

SNUG is a concept which aims to create a sense of community: a simple, fun object, designed for people who appreciate personal relationships, people who are different from the others, in their opinions and in their feelings.

This multiplicity of emotions gives birth to an intention of self-expression able to make wellbeing and happiness blossom, trying to recover the values which are otherwise slowly vanishing in our world. (Source: IED)

BMW Organisational Analysis and Human Resources Policies

Introduction This report will provide a detailed analysis of BMW's current corporate appraisal analysis. This will help to identify the company's current strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This will help the companies decision makers understand where the organisation is now. The report will also critically evaluate BMW's human resources policy as a key area of the organisation. We will highlight how BMW has strategically responded to the drivers for change in terms of its structure, conduct and performance. Finally, offer recommendations for the future development and improvements in human resource management, and how those will impact on its organisational structure, conduct and performance. Company Background The BMW Group is the only manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles worldwide that concentrates entirely on premium standards and outstanding quality for all its brands and across all relevant segments. With the brands BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, the BMW Group has been focussing on selected premium segments in the international automobile market since the year 2000. In the succeeding years, the launch of the BMW 1 Series meant an expansion of the model range in the premium segment of the lower middle class and the BMW 6 Series did likewise in the segment of the large Coupés and Convertibles. The MINI marque was launched and production began in the Oxford plant in 2001. In 2003, the BMW Group assumed marque responsibility for Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. At the same time, the Worldwide Head Office and Manufacturing Plant in Goodwood, GB, was built. ( An Internal and corporate analysis in terms of strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) will assist in gaining an understanding of where BMW is currently in terms of strengths and where improvement is required within the business and what outside environmental threats it may face as well as what new opportunities are available to the company in the short and medium term.

Figure 1: BMW SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS OPPORTUNITIES • Diverse ranges of Products • New Products BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce • Market shift to globalisation • Strong Cash Flow Position • Innovation & Alliances • Increase turnover and trading • Customers demand change to more profits comfortable and relevantly cheap • Strong Balance Sheet cars • World's leading Premium Quality • Diversification Automobile Manufacturer • New Technologies in Automobiles • Brand Awareness • Human resources • Capabilities to turn resources into advantages

WEAKNESSES THREATS • Perception of High Prices • New & existing competition • Customer disinterest • Volatility in Price of Fuel • Environmental issues: Pollutions • New legislations • Buyer sophistication and • Consequences of the oil crisis th knowledge • September 11 • Substitute products or • Economic recession technologies • Market shift to globalisation • Takeover bids • Far-East Automobile companies expansion • Extremely high competition for customers and resources

The Five Forces Model

Figure 2: Five Forces Model - ACCA Paper 3.5 (2001) Threats from Potential entrants Suppliers Competitive Buyers Bargaining power Rivalry Bargaining power Threats from Substitutes

Porter explains that there are five forces inherent in a market, which will jointly determine the intensity of competition and profitability of BMW and the automobile industry. The first is the threat posed by new entrants, the high capital expenditure and confidence of customers represent significant barriers to entry and the market is also sensitive to reputation. However, the emergent of low cost manufactures do pose a significant threat (as illustrated by figure 2). There is an opportunity in the low price/ low economy (fast) sector. Maybe Hyundai or Daewoo could consider introducing a low cost sport saloon. The second is the threats from substitutes, as there are many make and model of other premium branded cars, hence, Jaguar, Mercedes Benz, Audi etc. The third force is the threats from the bargaining power of buyers, is this strong for both BMW and the entire automobile industry with a large number of alternative suppliers, hence, the aggressive pricing strategy. This results in a very strong competitive rivalry in the industry. This is intensified as a result of little or no differentiation in the basic product offered. Finally the threats from the suppliers bargaining power, this is fairly low in the automobile industry, due to dual sourcing strategies, using a range of alternative sources of supply for parts. The five forces analysis gives an improved understanding of the degree of competition within the business environment. The analysis shows that the automotive industry is highly competitive, with buyers possessing and exerting a very powerful influence to the large number of substitute brands available to them.

BMW Human Resources Policy In response to a changing business environment BMW is being more business and service focus. In the past decade the organisation has become much more proactive, dealing with new concepts to become more service and customer focus oriented. The

structure of the organisation has been redefined to deal with the new ways of operating. Organisational structure defines important relationship within the business for achieving business objectives. At the same time it helps to define the new business culture within BMW. Culture exists with the minds and hearts of BMW's employees and contributes to business strategies of the organisation. Therefore, BMW's human resources policies are critical in the organisations structure, conduct and performance. Competitive pressures on BMW and national economies have increased markedly in recent decades. Therefore, organisations are constantly changing, as powerful entities have arisen at the international level, the European Union being a good example and multinational corporations increasingly dominate particular sectors such as cars. New competitions are emerging and forcing older companies to adopt or reform to survive. Different structures affect the way in which human resources are managed. BMW like all other businesses require the same basic human resources activities like recruitment, development and training, appraisal and reward systems, and control and feedback mechanisms. Organisational structures are influenced by culture. Employees have strong feelings towards the organisations they work for. German firms have inherently a flat, less rigid structures. The McKinsey 7 'S' model is often used to identify all the areas that make up an organisation. Structure, Style, Staff are three such areas. BMW has an equal opportunities none sexual discriminating culture within its organisation. BMW actively supports young female executives and gives females insight into the field of technology. BMW also offers extensive training for all level of staffs; BMW Group's Trainee Promotion Programme (TPP) provides the perfect combination of theoretical studies and practical work. BMW Group trainees receive many benefits in addition to their pay, other social payments such as holiday and Christmas bonuses, meal and travelling expenses subsidies, health programme and PC training. BMW claims that it does not see its staff as a cost factor but as an essential performance factor. Also the employees are referred to as 'associates' rather that works. BMW in its human resources policy states that any policy that is not oriented towards its associates will lead to negative cost effects in the long-run. As a future-oriented company, we seek to pursue an exemplary, creative and associateoriented human resources policy, making significant contributions to business success through our human resources activities. The human resources policy of the BMW Group is an integral feature of our overall corporate policy in both strategic and operative decisions. ( Corporate appraisal (or SWOT analysis) consists of the internal appraisal of the organisation's strength and weaknesses and an external appraisal of the opportunities and threats open to organisations in competition within industry.