CareerMakers-APRIL2011

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.” .... s ed e rie tn Se n rea tio ag eti g n mp illi Co ulf & “F er are C

April 2011 Volume : 04

Editor

D.V.RAGHURAM
M.A., P.G.D.H.R.M., D.T.E.M e-mail : [email protected]

CONTENTS
Executive Editor

P. SUBHASHINI
M.Com

NOTE: Printing of this book process through many stages - Writing, Composing, Proof Reading etc. We try our best to make this book error free. if any mistake has inadvertently crept in, we regret it and would be deeply indebted to those who bring it to our notice. We do not take any legal responsibility. The publishers shall be obliged if mistakes are brought to their notice for carrying out correction in the next edition.

SPORTS AWARDS / PRIZES PERSONS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES SUMMITS/ CONFERENCES COMMITTEES DEFENCE SPACE RESEARCH SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY BILLS ECONOMY GLOSSARY INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL AFFAIRS AN OBJECTIVE APPROACH TO ALL COMPETITIVE EXAMS

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Career Makers

FOR SURE SUCCESS IN BANK EXAMS.... READ.......

JAYAM SERIES

16-2-875/1, Sayeedabad, Hyderabad - 500 059 Cell: 9849200706

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April 2011, Volume: 04

Twenty-eight years on from the match that transformed the history of world cricket, India recaptured the crown that Kapil Dev and his men first lifted at Lord's in 1983, and this time they did it in their very own back yard. An iron-willed 97 from Gautam Gambhir was matched for intensity by the finest captain's innings since Ricky Ponting at Johannesburg eight years ago, as Mahendra Singh Dhoni trumped a poetic century from Mahela Jayawardene to pull off the highest run-chase ever achieved in a World Cup final. Against a triumphant backdrop at the Wankhede Stadium, victory was sealed by six wickets with 10 balls to spare, as Dhoni - who had promoted himself to No. 5 to heap extra lashings of responsibility onto his own shoulders - rushed through the gears as the victory target drew nearer. With 15 required from 17 balls, he flicked Sri Lanka's only true threat, Lasith Malinga, through midwicket for consecutive boundaries, before smoking Nuwan Kulasekara over long-on to spark the most delirious scenes of celebration ever seen on the subcontinent. However, the final margin did little justice to the tussle that had preceded it. Even the toss ended up being disputed, as Kumar Sangakkara's initial call was drowned out by the crowd, but it was the ebb and flow of Zaheer Khan's day that epitomised the fluctuations of a compelling contest. Zaheer opened his account with three consecutive maidens and the scalp of Upul Tharanga in a peerless spell of 5-3-6-1, only to be clobbered for 17 and 18 runs in his ninth and tenth overs respectively, as Sri Lanka Career Makers

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SPORTS

Kings of the World

monstered 63 runs in the batting Powerplay to post an imposing 274 for 6. And India's day got much worse before the team's fortunes began to inch upwards. Virender Sehwag had hit a boundary from the first ball of six of India's previous eight innings in the tournament, but this time Malinga's slingers dealt him a second-ball duck, as he skidded a full delivery into his back pad. And then Sachin Tendulkar, for whom the script had seemingly been written, was drawn into a loose drive by a fast Malinga outswinger, having set the stadium on standby for instant history with 18 sumptuously accumulated runs from his first 12 deliveries. At 31 for 2 in the seventh over, India were struggling to keep their toehold in the contest, and it was all too much for a faithless few in the crowd who turned their backs and set off for home. But Gambhir and Virat Kohli epitomise a generation that does not easily accept defeat, and their third-wicket stand of 83 laid the foundations for an epic turnaround. The prospect of a seamfriendly surface, allied to the grievous loss of Angelo Mathews to a thigh strain, had tempted Sri Lanka into four key changes to the team that had triumphed over New

Zealand in Colombo, and with Muttiah Muralitharan lacking bite in the final wicketless appearance of his 19-year career, Malinga alone could not carry the day. The hard-hitting of Nuwan Kulasekara and Thisara Perera had been instrumental in hoisting Sri Lanka's total to such heights, but in their primary role as front-line seamers they lacked menace and were all too easy to squeeze as 119 runs came from their combined allocation of 17.2 overs. The newcomer to the squad, Suraj Randiv, caused a moment of alarm with his high-kicking offspin when Gambhir, on 30, was dropped by a diving Kulasekara at long-off, but as the innings progressed, his lack of guile proved costly. The decision to omit both Ajantha Mendis and Rangana Herath, whose combined efforts had been so effective against England and New Zealand, is one that will haunt Sri Lanka for years to come. But this was a victory that still had to be grasped, and India found the men who were willing to do so. The 22-year-old Kohli, who was greeted with a stern word of encouragement as he replaced the outgoing Tendulkar, showed all the mettle for the big occasion as he eased along to 35 from 49 balls before falling to an outstanding return catch

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April 2011, Volume: 04

by Tillakaratne Dilshan, who dived full-length across the crease to intercept a lofted drive. But it was Gambhir and Dhoni to whom the ultimate duty fell. Their 109-run stand was the highest by an Indian pairing in three World Cup final appearances, and even when Gambhir gave away the chance for an unforgettable century with a tired charge and slash at Perera, the result was no longer in doubt. Gambhir struck nine fours in a 122-ball statement of indomitability, and both he and Dhoni required treatment for stiff backs as the sapping Mumbai heat took its toll. Dhoni at one stage looked so immobile that a precautionary retirement seemed the only logical response, but after some harsh work from the physio he resumed his stance and responded with another trademark filleting of the extra cover boundary, an area in which he scored six of his eight fours - three of which helped to blunt Murali's attacking instincts. Four years ago at Sabina Park, Jayawardene produced a supreme century against New Zealand to carry his side to their second World Cup final, but this was an innings of even more exquisite application. He came to the crease with his side under the cosh at 60 for 2 in the 17th over, having been throttled by Zaheer's supreme new-

ball spell. But he responded with a tempo that scarcely wavered from a run a ball, until with Kulasekera for company, he opened his shoulders to power through to his hundred from 83 balls. For an occasion of this magnitude, cool heads were the order of the day, and though his final figures did not show it, no-one was cooler in the opening exchanges than Zaheer. On his watch, Sri Lanka were limited to 31 for 1 in their mandatory Powerplay, their lowest ten-over score of the tournament, and the hapless Upul Tharanga was restricted to two runs from 20 balls before snicking to Sehwag at slip. Then, when he returned in the 37th over, Zaheer deceived Chamara Kapugedera with a beautiful slower ball that was driven to short cover, on route to equalling Shahid Afridi as the tournament's leading wickettaker. And yet, the speed with which his figures were vandalised was astounding. Though each of Jayawardene's 13 fours was a classy stroke in its own right, none was better than the last of them, an inside-out cover-drive to one of Zaheer's trademark outswingers, as he premeditated the late movement and filleted the ring of fielders on the off-side. The outright acceleration came from the other end, where

Kulasekera made 32 from 30 balls before his sacrificial run-out led to a pat of gratitude from Jayawardene as they parted. And then, by the time Perera had sealed his onslaught with a dismissive thump for six over midwicket, the decibel levels in the Wankhede had plummeted.

Man of the Match:
Mahendra Singh Singh scripted history in Mumbai and led India to a World Cup win after 28 years. He played a captain's knock when it mattered the most and remained unbeaten on 91 runs. He was rightly adjudged the Man of the Match.

Man of the Tournament:
Yuv Raj Singh grab the Man of the Tournament award in ICC World Cup 2011 for his All round performance in World Cup 2011. He takes 341 runs which includes a century and 4 half centuries from a total of 8 matches. He also takes 15 wickets from this world cup. What makes him really the Man of The Tournament Award is that he won the Man of the Match Award 4 times. His highest score in this world cup is 113.

ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 Logo
International Cricket Council (ICC) unveils the logo of Cricket World Cup 2015 on April 2nd 2011. Cricket World Cup 2015 will be Host in Australia and New Zealand as a part of symbolic handover from the successful 2011 hosts to their counterparts four years hence, during the closing of 2011 World Cup in Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai. The ICC received applications for the design from across the world before awarding it to the international agency, FutureBrand, whose Australian arm was invited to produce the logo for the ICC Cricket World Cup 2015. It in turn commisApril 2011, Volume: 04

Career Makers

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sioned graphic consultancy, the Jumbana Group/Balarinji to create both Australian and New Zealand cultural motifs so as to reflect the two indigenous countries’ cultural identities. The result has been what ICC Chief Executive Haroon Lorgat describes as “a dynamic logo which captures the cultural influences in the two host countries”. He added: “The ICC, Cricket Australia and New Zealand Cricket have all worked together with the consultancies to produce this beautiful logo. On the back of a hugely successful ICC Cricket World Cup 2011, I am sure that it will gain recognition over the next four years as we use it in promotional, marketing and partner activations.” Each element of the logo contributes to building the story of the ICC’s flagship event featuring the best players in the world competing for The Cup That Counts.

Sachin, Zaheer, Yuvraj in ICC team of the tournament
Their crucial contribution in guiding India to their first World Cup title in 28 years on April 03 fetched the trio of Sachin Tendulkar, Yuvraj Singh and Zaheer Khan a place in the International Cricket Council’s Team of the Tournament. Kumar Sangakkara has been named the captain of this team Career Makers

of 12 that also features three Sri Lankans —Mahela Jayawardene, Tillakaratne Dilshan and Muttiah Muralitharan. Indian captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni, who won the man of the final award, however, didn’t make it as his performance with the bat wasn’t up to the mark before the summit clash. According to a media release by ICC, the team was chosen by a select group of experts who were given the task of picking a balanced side for sub-continental conditions on the basis of performances in the tournament. Statistics were used but were not the sole basis for selections. Pakistan had only one representative in captain Shahid Afridi while South Africa’s AB de Villiers and Dale Steyn also found a berth in the side. Shane Watson was the only Australian representative while New Zealand pacer Tim Southee was named the 12th man. No England player featured in the team. Some of the other names that were discussed included Ross Taylor and Jacob Oram of New Zealand, Jonathan Trott and Graeme Swann of England, Ireland’s Kevin O’Brien, Kemar Roach and Kieron Pollard of the West Indies, Imran Tahir of South Africa, Upal Tharanga and Lasith Malinga of Sri Lanka and the Netherlands’ Ryan ten Doeschate. Team of the Tournament (in batting order): Sachin Tendulkar, Yuvraj Singh, Zaheer Khan (all from India), Tillakaratne Dilshan, Kumar Sangakkara (WK and captain), Mahela Jayawardena,Muttiah Muralitharan (all from Sri Lanka), AB de Villiers, Dale Steyn (both South Africa), Shane Watson (Australia), Shahid Afridi (Pakistan), Dale Steyn (South Africa). 12th man: Tim Southee (New Zealand). 5

Saina Nehwal wins Swiss Open title
Ace Indian shuttler Saina Nehwal notched up her first title of the year, clinching the Swiss Open Grand Prix Gold trophy with a straight-game victory in the summit clash against Ji Hyun Sung of Korea in Switzerland on March 20. Second seed Saina beat Ji Hyun 21-13 21-14 in 43 minutes to make amends for her quarterfinal exit from the All England Super Series in Birmingham last week. The world number four Indian had beaten the unseeded Korean, ranked 19th, during the first round of Indonesia Open Super Series last year. Saina, who had a subdued beginning to the year after recovering from a ligament injury, showed her mettle all through the tournament to swell her trophy cabinet. Ji Hyun tried to keep pace with Saina till 7-7 but the Indian was indomitable as she broke off from their and surged ahead with gaint strides to pocket the first game comfortably. In the second game, Saina was ruthless as she opened a fourpoint lead at 7-3, and held fort to canter to her first title of the season. The 21-year-old Saina had won three Super Series titles last year -- Singapore, Indonesia and Hong Kong Open -- besides winning the Commonwealth Games gold and India Grand Prix gold. She also won the Indonesian Super Series in 2009 besides winning the Chinese Taipei Open Grand Prix Gold in 2008.

Sania-Vesnina pair wins doubles' title in Indian Wells
Sania Mirza and her Russian partner Elena Vesnina clinched their first title in just their third WTA event as a team, lifting the BNP Paribas Open women's double trophy after upstaging Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Meghann Shaughnessy in Indian Wells,USA. April 2011, Volume: 04

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April 2011, Volume: 04

Hall of Fame Award for The Hindu consultant
TheHindu's consultant V. Kalidas was conferred the ‘Hall of Fame' National Award for 2011 for his contribution to the media industry by Punjab Education Minister Sewa Singh Sekhwan at a function. The awards were given to 10 other public relations professionals on the opening day of the two-day fifth edition of the Global PR Conclave, organised by the Public Relations Council of India (PRCI). The other awardees are: Pragnya Ram (Aditya Birla Management Corporation Limited); S. Ramesh Krishnan (Maruti Suzuki); Deepak Jolly (Coca Cola); 7

Noted lawyer Lalit Bhasin has been appointed Chairperson of the Film Certification Appellate Tribunal. “The appointment is for a period of three years.” Mr. Bhasin is also the VicePresident of the Bar Association of India and the Chairman of the Services Export Promotion Council established by the Ministry of Commerce and a member of the ICC International Court of Arbitration. He is also a Member of the Task Force on Arbitration set up by ICC. He has received several awards, which include the Gandhi National Unity Award, 1991, the Plaque of Honour given by the Prime Minister for his outstanding contribution to the Rule of Law in 2002 April 2011, Volume: 04

Career Makers

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The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters has chosen one of the living legends of mathematics, John Willard Milnor of the Institute for Mathematical Sciences in the University of Stony Brook, U.S.A, for the award of its prestigious Abel Prize for the year 2011. This was announced on Wednesday in Oslo by Norwegian Academy president Øyvind Østerud. Professor Milnor will receive the Prize from His Majesty King Harald at an award ceremony in Oslo on May 24, 2011. The award carries 6 million Norwegian Kroner (approx. •750,000 or $1 m.) The Prize is given in recognition of contributions of extraordinary depth and influence to mathematical sciences and has been awarded annually since 2003. The Prize is named after the great Norwegian mathematical genius, Niels Henrik Abel (1802-29), often compared with the Indian wizard Srinivasa Ramanujan, who died at

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AWARDS / PRIZES

Abel Prize awarded to John Willard Milnor

a very young age of 26. The past winners include such illustrious names as Jean-Pierre Serr (2003), Sir Michael Atiyah and Isadore M. Singer (2004), Peter D. Lax (2005), Lennart Carleson (2006), Srinivasa S. R. Varadhan (2007), John Griggs Thompson and Jacques Tits (2008), Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov (2009) and John Torrence Tate (2010). The 2011 award is being given to Professor Milnor, as the citation notes, “for [his] pioneering discoveries in topology, geometry and algebra.” He has even made significant contributions in number theory.

Major awards
Professor Milnor has received all the major awards in Mathematics: He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1962, the Wolf Prize in 1989 and is the only person to have won all the three Steele Prizes of the American Mathematical Society (AMS) in 1982, 2004 and early this year for seminal contribution to research, for mathematical exposition and for lifetime achievement respectively. He also received the U.S. National Medal of Science in 1967.

Renuka B. Salwan (Bureau of Indian Standards); Jayaprakash Rao K. (Regional PRO, DRDO, Bangalore); B.K. Usha Didi (Brahmkumaris, Mount Abu); K.S. Narahari (Texas Instruments Limited); C.K. Sardana; Ujjwal Chowdhury (ISB&M School of Communication); and Romesh Kumar Mattoo (Suzlon Energy Limited). Mr. Kalidas has been associated with TheHindu group for the past 45 years. He was nominated mediaperson of the year in October 1994 by a Mumbai-based body of media professionals. He has also been associated with the Advertising Clubs and PRSI Chapters in Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai. Mr. Sekhwan also presented the annual Chanakya Awards to leading professionals and organisations for their contribution to the field of communication.

PERSONS

Lalit Bhasin new chief of Film Certification Tribunal

and the National Law Day Award given by the President of India in 2007. Deepa Dixit and Gurjeet Singh Behl have been appointed members of the Film Certification Appellate Tribunal for a period of three years.

Bangalore man clinches Guinness Record
Spelling the word 'Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia' could stump many, but not 25-year-old Guinness Book record holder Shishir Hathwar, who can not only do it without batting an eyelid but in the reverse order as well. It is not just this word (which means fear of long words) but a number of others including 'grotesqueness' which he can rattle off. Bangalore-based Hatwar, an electronics engineer in BHEL, clinched the world record this week for the "fastest backwards spelling of 50 words" in one minute 22.53 seconds, beating the record of Job Pottas from Kerala who clocked one minute 40.14 seconds in March 2010. The earlier record was held by Deborah Prebble from UK (two min 21 seconds). Shishir won by a comfortable margin of over 17 seconds when he spelt 50 randomly chosen words, including 20 six letter word, 15seven letter words and 15-eight letter words.The time included that taken by a person to read out the words and spell it backward. "I took just 1.6 seconds per word including the time taken to read out the word", said Shishir, who was asked to spell out words chosen from a variety of fields, including literature, arts and science. The words he spelt out backwards during the event included 'desolate', 'lavish', 'pharynx', 'excavate' and 'fragrant.' A voracious reader, Shishir attributes his success to the environment provided by Career Makers

his parents, his reading habit and out of the box thinking. "Honing visualisation techniques to an extreme degree also aided in training his mind to achieve the goal. Asked how he felt about the record, he said "Exultant, considering that English is not my mother tongue". Shishir can also read and write Kannada, Hindi and Sanskrit and speak Tulu. It was a You Tube clip of Pottas breaking the record that got him started on the idea he could attempt a similar feat. Shishir says he also reads books by Thomas Hardy, George Eliot, Charles Dickens and Bertrand Russell. Apart from reading, he revels in outdoor activities like trekking and swimming. He in fact completed the 21.1 km half marathon in December 2005 in 98 minutes. He disapproves the current SMS lingo and short spellings, saying, "It is mutilating the sublime beauty of language." Ask him about the most misspelt words, Shishir says, "It is words where 'i' is contiguous with 'e' like shriek, receive". Shishir's advice to the young who struggle with spellings is "Take to reading instead of video gaming". Shishir said he was aware of his talent to spell backwards at a young age and held several speechless when he spelt words backward as well as six word sentences. Not content with the laurels won, the spelling champion is now out to conquer new records like speaking three syllable words backward and being able to spell the maximum number of words backward in a minute. The son of Dr Ramamurthy, a senior scientist of Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, DRDO, he says spellings have never flummoxed him and there is no spelling which can leave him tongue tied. 8

Indian Army Chief Honoured at the US Army War
In a rare event of its kind, General VK Singh becomes the first Indian Officer to be inducted into the ‘Hall of Fame’ of US Army War College, Carlisle, USA, on 11 Mar 2011. This distinction is extended by the US Army, to all officers from friendly foreign countries, who rise to the post of ‘Chief’ of their respective Armies, after attending the coveted Course at US Army War College. A masters degree in Strategic Studies is awarded on completion of the course. General VK Singh (then Brigadier) passed out from the US Army War College in 2000-01. The ceremony was hosted by Major General Gregg F Martin, the Commandant of US Army War College, Carlisle, where General VK Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM, ADC, Chief of Army Staff was ceremoniously inducted into the ‘Hall of Fame’. As part of the ceremony the Chief’s photograph was placed in the hallowed portals of the college. On this occasion, General VK Singh also delivered a talk on ‘Strategic & Defence Leadership’ to the students of US Army War College, where he highlighted the future challenges, which will be faced by future leaders.

April 2011, Volume: 04

Ashok Thakur Appointed Secretary NCSC
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has approved the following: 1. Cancellation of orders of appointment of Shri Ram Lubhaya, IAS(RJ:78), as Secretary, National Commission for Scheduled Castes in the rank and pay of Additional Secretary. 2. Shri Ashok Thakur, IAS(HP:77), presently Special Secretary, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development as Secretary, National Commission for Scheduled Castes (N.C.S.C.) in the rank and pay of Secretary.

Lt Gen J.D.S. Rawat
He is the first officer of the Corps of military Intelligence (MI) to be elevated to the rank of Lt. General. Till now, the senior-most rank that officers of MI could attain was major general. MI is responsible for counter-intelligence, field security and information gathering.

Major Mitali Madhumita
She is the first woman officer of Indian army to get decorated with a gallantry medal. She has been honoured for her act of bravery during the attack on guest house of Indian officials in Kabul, Afghanistan

Dilip Sanghvi
Chairman and Managing Director of Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, he has been named as the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year 2011. Career Makers 9 April 2011, Volume: 04

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ENVIRONMENTAL

ISSUES

India’s latest tiger census
India’s latest tiger census has estimated 1,706 wild tigers, 226 higher than a similar count four years ago, but government officials and wildlife scientists have cautioned against complacency amid disturbing losses and disputes over counting. The estimates for 2010 released by the Union environment and forests ministry suggest a 16 per cent increase in the number of tigers — from 1,410 to 1,636 — in all tiger landscapes except the Sunderbans where no assessment had been done in 2006. But a conservation scientist said the 16 per cent increase would suggest a reversal of the previous decline of tigers. “Since the various threats faced by tigers do not appear to have diminished in the last four years, it is difficult to explain the claimed reversal of the decline of tigers,” said Ulhas Karanth, director of the Centre for Wildlife Studies in Bangalore, who specialises in tiger conservation.

The 2010 count for Sunderbans, described as the firstever-scientific assessment of the iconic inhabitant of Bengal’s mangrove and tidal zone, is 70. But Sunderbans forest officials believe the census has underestimated the tiger population there. The analysis has shown that India’s tiger territory — the area across the country where tigers roam — has reduced from 93,600sqkm to about 72,800sqkm over the past four years, although tigers appear well protected within core tiger reserve areas.

Madhya Pradesh loses ‘Tiger State’ tag to Karnataka
Despite a 12 per cent rise in the population of big cats in the country, Madhya Pradesh popularly known as the ‘Tiger State’ witnessed a decline in their numbers resulting in loss of this coveted status to Karnataka, according to the latest tiger census report. The big cat population has dropped to 257 in the latest tiger census from 300 tigers in 2006 in Madhya Pradesh. “The decline in the tiger population in the State is mainly due to the loss of 24 tigers allegedly due

to poaching in Panna tiger reserve which had as many striped animals in the year 2006,” a forest official told PTI today. Efforts are underway to revive the big cat population in Panna. Three tigresses and a tiger had been translocated to it from others parks since last year and the exercise has seemed to pay off with two felines giving birth to five cubs last year. The famous Kanha Tiger Reserve too had lost more than 25 tigers. In 2006, it had 89 tigers which had now dipped to 60, according to the latest census, he said. Reports regarding tigers’ deaths had been trickling in from Kanha for more than two years. Forest officials contend that it was mainly due to territorial fights among them. The 2006 tiger census report had recommended the State government that Kanha buffer zone needs to be extended South - West to increase the big cat habitat. This was implemented in toto, officials said. Now, Karnataka has witnessed an increase of 10 tigers taking its big cat population to 300, according to the recent All India Tiger Estimation Exercise for 2010. And MP, which is unhappy having lost the ‘tiger State’ tag, has shot off a letter to the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), in this regard. “I am of view that the tiger population was more than what has come out in the latest big cat census given that we too have an internal mechanism to monitor striped animals, Principal Chief Conservator (Wildlife) H S Pabla said. “Something has gone amiss. We have sent a letter requesting the WII to check their data base,” he said. To press his point, Mr. Pabla said that there were 424 beats Career Makers

(areas having big cat) to monitor the tiger population in the state in 2006 which has risen to 495 now. “This shows that there has been an increase in the tiger population in the State,” he added. “The latest census report that the tiger population has gone down in Kanha too doesn’t appear to be correct as we send monthly reports to National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) on the number of tigers in the reserve,” Mr. Pabla said. He said that their five reserves including Kanha were ranked high among the best managed reserves in the country. The last tiger census report released on March 28 said that the stripped animal population has risen to 1,707 from 1,411 in 2006.

Whale shark tagged with satellite collar off Gujarat coast
For the first time in India, a whale shark has been tagged with a ‘satellite collar ’ to track the migration routes, behaviour and ecological preferences of this member of the largest fish species in the world. The satellite tag was put on the fish last week by a team of researchers from the Whale Shark Conservation Project, a joint venture of the Gujarat Forest Department and Wildlife Trust of India (WTI). According to WTI Assistant Field Officer, Manoj Matwal, another whale shark will be tagged by midMay. “The first set of data received indicated that the tagged whale shark, a 6.5 m long male rescued off the Gujarat coast, had reached the coast of Maharashtra moving southward.” “For the second tagging, we are exploring the sea near Veraval and Sutrapada in Junagadh district where the spotting (of whale shark) 10

has been good.” Satellite-tagging is the latest initiative under the Whale Shark Conservation Project. Earlier there have been efforts to do photoidentification, genetic analysis and visual tagging of whale sharks in India. “The satellite tag, which is a marine equivalent of a satellite collar, was attached to the caudal fin of the fish. “This tag is expected to last for about six months and give us data related to movement of the fish, its preference in water temperature, diurnal and nocturnal activities and swimming patterns between different layers of water.” The success of tagging was confirmed after receiving the first signal 68 hours after the tag was fixed. “The signal was received 250 km off the coast of Mumbai, revealing that it had travelled southward,” Mr. Matwal said. Over the coming months, researchers would be closely following the movement patterns of the whale shark. During the tagging operation, WTI also collected a tissue sample of the fish for genetic analysis. The whale shark was listed under Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act in 2001, according it the highest level of protection. Whale shark is the largest fish species in the world with a flattened head, and a wide mouth positioned at the tip of the snout that stretches almost as wide as the body. The creatures are greyish,

April 2011, Volume: 04

bluish or brownish above, with an upper surface pattern of creamy white spots between pale, vertical and horizontal stripes. Whale sharks were once hunted off the Gujarat coast for its liver oil, which was used to waterproof boats. But after initiation of Whale Shark Conservation Project in 2008, the local fishermen have been made aware of the importance of the fish, and they now participate in conservation activities.

Vidarbha may soon become the tiger capital
Maharashtra’s Vidarbha region, which has several tiger projects and wild life sanctuaries in close proximity is fast shaping up as the potential Tiger Capital of the country. Former Union Minister and Nagpur MP Vilas Muttemwar, who wrested the initiative in this direction has approached all the top ministers at the State and Central level to push for the tiger capital project. According to him, since Tadoba Tiger project is situated about 160 kms from the city and Bor sanctuary (about 90 kms), Navegaon and Nagzira wild life sanctuaries (about 150 kms) are located in Vidarbha, besides the Kanha National Park in neighbouring Seoni district (about 200 kms from Nagpur), the region can be well-developed as the tiger capital. More than 250 tigers out of total population of 1,400 in the country inhabit in the Vidarbha region.

Special Tiger Protection Force to be formed
A Special Tiger Protection Force (STPF) will be formed based on a recommendation by the National Tiger Conservation Career Makers

Authority (NTCA) to protect tigers in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve in the Nilgiris, according to a senior wildlife officer. A board would be set up with a member each representing the Central police forces and the NTCA to select the personnel for the armed battalion, the officer said. The battalion will be headed by an officer in the rank of Assistant Conservator of Forests, and will have three Range Officers, 18 Foresters and 90 Forest Guards. Of the total 90 Guards to be recruited, 30 per cent should be earmarked for local tribal youth. Recruitment for the remaining posts would be done through employment exchanges concerned. The training for the battalion would be imparted by a central paramilitary force. The NTCA would provide the financial assistance for imparting the training, the officer said. To help the Board, the wildlife wing of the State Forest Department would identify tribals living in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve area. The wing would also make arrangements for officials from employment exchanges to visit Mudumalai and register the names of youth selected by the Board. The Forest Department would notify vacancies to employment exchanges. The proposal has been sent to the State government for its approval. The forest authorities are planning similar forces for the Anamalai Tiger Reserve in Pollachi and the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in Tirunelveli district. The tiger population in and around the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve is denser than the other two declared Tiger Reserves. 11

A two day National Conference and Exhibition on Technology Solutions for Rural Service Delivery began New Delhi at March 25. Inaugurating the conference Shri Kapil Sibal, the Union Minister for Communications and Information Technology(C&IT) and HRD said that benefits of Information Communication Technology ICT must reach villages including the remote and far flung areas. Innovative Technologies need to be found which are rugged to sustain the problems of electricity and rough use, the Minister added. Speaking on the occasion Shri R Chandrashekhar, Secretary, Department of Information Technology And Telecommunications said that uniqueness of Rural Service Delivery will be in solving the problems of data in digital form at the originating source of information. Welcoming the participants Dr. B. K Gairola, Director General National Informatics Centre said the gap between the common man and system structure has to be bridged to be effective. The saturation point will come only when a desired level service will be delivered to the common man. The Conference will have four sessions excluding inaugural and closing sessions. It will deliberate on issues like User Perspective of Rural Service Delivery: Issues and Challenges, Enabling Rural Service Delivery Through Technology Solutions, April 2011, Volume: 04

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SUMMITS/

CONFERENCES

National Conference and Exhibition on Technology Solutions for Rural Service Delivery

Panel Discussion: Rural Service Delivery Process, Emerging Challenges and Road Ahead and Emerging Trends and Developments In Technology Solutions For Rural Service Delivery. Representatives of the Policy making bodies of Central and State Governments, User groups, Technology providers and Service Providers are participating in the Conference. The Conference will provide a platform of meaningful interaction among all stake holders to deliberate, interact and recommend an actionable strategy for good governance and to improve the standard of services rendered to the common man. It will also help in understanding the existing scenario and challenges faced in Rural Services Delivery. It will provide policy making bodies a comprehensive understanding of solutions for the challenges encountered in last mile delivery, distribution network development and also opportunities will be created to help them in formulating new and better policies for desired results. National Informatics Centre (NIC) and National Informatics Centre Service Incorporation (NICSI) are organizing this Conference and Exhibition on technology solutions and their potential usage in development initiatives in Rural India.

South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN) IV will have representatives of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka review the progress of commitments made in 2008 in Delhi. SACOSAN IV will identify specific objectives for the member countries to accelerate the progress of provision of sanitation services in South Asia, enhancing people’s quality of life. The Ministers in charge of sanitation in the region will attend a ministerial summit on April 6. The President of Sri Lanka, Mahinda Rajapaksa, will inaugurate the meet. At the conclusion of the Conference, a declaration will be made and countries will agree to act upon the specific objectives identified in the Conference. The Conference on Sanitation is a biennial Conference. The first conference was held in Bangladesh in 2003, the second in Pakistan in 2006 and the third in India in 2008.

C o n fe r e n c e o n Consumer Rights
A Two day Conference of the Presidents, State Commissions and the Secretaries, Incharge, Consumer Affairs of the State Governments/UT Administrations is being organised by the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission from Monday 14th March 2011 in New Delhi to mark the World Consumer Rights Day. The World Consumer Rights is observed on 15th March every year. The Conference will be inaugurated by Mr. Justice Dalveer Bhandari, Judge, Supreme Court of India. Union Minister for Law & Justice Mr. M. Veerappa Moily will be the Chief Guest and Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution Prof. K.V. 12

SAARC sanitation meet in Colombo
As many as 500 experts from SAARC countries will meet here from April 4 to 7 to discuss the complex sanitation needs of south Asian countries and methods to improve sanitation. More than 700 million people in south Asia practice open defecation. India has among the lowest sanitation coverage in the region, 31 per cent. Career Makers

Thomas will preside over the conference. Issues likely to be taken up during the Conference include progress on the implementation of the Resolutions passed in the previous Conferences; Uniform Procedure in Listing of Cases for Admission and Subsequent Disposal; Steps required to be taken to reduce the arrears and ensure speedy Disposal; Holding of Lok Adalats in the Consumer Fora; Upgrading and augmenting the infrastructure of the Consumer Fora under the Integrated Project; Progress made in modernization and computerization of quick redressal System; Training for the Members of the State Commissions and District Fora and, Holding of conference of the Presidents of District Forums in the respective State. Consumers in India are given legal rights under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (in short, ‘the Act’) which is a benevolent social legislation that lays down the rights of the consumers and provides their for promotion and protection of the rights of the consumers. The first and the only Act of its kind in India, it has enabled ordinary consumers to secure less expensive and often speedy redressal of their grievances. By spelling out the rights and remedies of the consumers in a market so far dominated by organized manufacturers and traders of goods and providers of various types of services, the Act makes the dictum, caveat emptor (‘buyer beware’) a thing of the past. The Act mandates establishment of Consumer Protection Councils at the Centre as well as in each State and District, with a view to promoting consumer awareness. The Central Council is headed by Minster, In-charge of the April 2011, Volume: 04

Department of Consumer Affairs in the Central Government and the State Councils by the Minister Incharge of the Consumer Affairs in the State Governments. It also provides for a 3-tier structure of the National and State Commissions and District Forums for speedy resolution of consumer disputes. At present, there are 604 District Forums and 34 State Commissions with the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) at the apex.
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COMMITTEES

Resolution Nofifying Constitution of Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission (FSLRC)
The Resolution notifying the constitution of Financial Sector Legislative Reforms Commission (FSLRC) was issued today by the Government of India. This is in pursuance to the announcement made by the Union Finance Minister Shri Pranab Mukherjee in his budget speech of 2010-11 to rewrite and harmonise financial sector legislations, rules and regulations. This had become necessary as the institutional framework governing India’s financial sector was built over a century. The composition of the Commission is as follows: Justice (Retd.) B. N. Srikrishna Chairman Justice (Retd.) Debi Prasad Pal Member Dr. P.J. Nayak Member Smt. K.J. Udeshi ShriYezdiH.Malegam Prof. JayantVarma Prof. M. GovindaRao Shri C. Achutan Career Makers Member Member Member Member Member

ShriDhirendraSwarupMember Convenor Joint Secretary, Capital Markets Nominee Member Shri C K G Nair is Secretary to the Commission. The budget announcement was made with a view to rewriting and streamlining the financial sector Laws, Rules and Regulations to bring them in harmony with the requirements of India’s fast growing financial sector. There are over 60 Acts and multiple Rules/Regulations in the sector and many of them date back decades when the financial landscape was very different from what is obtaining today. Large number of amendments made in in these Acts over time has increased the ambiguity and complexity of the system. The Commission would simplify and rewrite financial sector legislations, including subordinate legislations, to achieve harmony and synergy among them.This will remove ambiguity, regulatory gaps and overlaps among the various legislationsmaking them more coherent and dynamic and help cater to the requirements of a large and fast growing economy in tune with the changing financial landscape in an inter-connected financial world. In the long-term, it would help usher in the next generation of reforms, contribute to efficient financial intermediation enhancing the growth potential of the nation. The Terms of Reference of the Commission include the following: (i) Examining the architecture of the legislative and regulatory system governing the Financial sector in India, (ii) Examine if legislation should mandate statement of principles of legislative intent behind every piece of subordinate legislation in order to make the purposive intent of the legislation clear and 13

transparent to users of the law and to the Courts. (iii) Examine if public feedback for draft subordinate legislation should be made mandatory, with exception for emergency measures. (iv) Examine prescription of parameters for invocation of emergency powers where regulatory action may be taken on ex parte basis. (v) Examine the interplay of exchange controls under FEMA and FDI Policy with other regulatory regimes within the financial sector. (vi) Examine the most appropriate means of oversight over regulators and their autonomy from government. (vii) Examine the need for restatement of the law and immediate repeal of any out-dated legislation on the basis of judicial decisions and policy shifts in the last two decades of the financial sector postliberalisation. (viii) Examination of issues of data privacy and protection of consumer of financial services in the Indian market. (ix) Examination of legislation relating to the role of information technology in the delivery of financial services in India, and their effectiveness. (x) Examination of all recommendations already made by various expert committees set up by the government and by regulators and to implement measures that can be easily accepted. (xi)Examine the role of state governments and legislatures in ensuring a smooth inter-state financial services infrastructure in India. (xii) Examination of any other related issues. The Commission’s headquarter would be in Delhi. The Commission will submit its report to the Union Finance Minister within 24 months. The first meeting of the Commission is scheduled to be held on 5th April 2011. April 2011, Volume: 04

Indian Coast Guard Ships C150 and C-151 were commissioned by Vice Admiral Anil Chopra, Director General Coast Guard at an impressive ceremony in Kochi at March 28. The two ships are the 8th and 9th of the 11 Interceptor Boat (IB) class, designed and built indigenously by M/s ABG Shipyard, Surat. They are fitted with ultra modern navigational and communication equipment, and will be deployed for enhancing the close coast surveillance capability of Indian Coast Guard. The 28 metre ships displace 90 tons each, and have an endurance of 500 nautical miles with an economical speed of 25 knots. They can achieve a maximum speed of 45 knots for responding to urgent calls at sea, and are equipped with advanced navigational and communication equipment. In addition to small arms, the IBs are fitted with 12.7 mm ‘Prahari’ Heavy Machine Gun (HMG). C-150 and C-151 are commanded by Commandant Ashok Kumar and Commandant RK Sinha, and will be based at Vizhinjam and Kakinada respectively. The commissioning ceremony was attended by Inspector General SPS Basra, Commander Coast Guard Region (West), senior officers from the Navy and Central and State Governments.

The Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) and the Indian Navy (IN) are conducting the annual Singapore Indian Maritime Bilateral Career Makers

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DEFENCE

Coast Guard Ships C150 and C-151 Commissioned

Exercise (SIMBEX) from 18 to 25 Mar 2011. Hosted by Singapore, this year's exercise is the 18th in the series of bilateral exercise held since 1994. The exercise comprises a shore phase, already held at the Changi Naval Base and a sea phase currently being carried out in the South China Sea. SIMBEX 2011 which sees the RSN and IN conducting advanced naval warfare training involving air, surface and sub-surface dimensions, aims to enhance the interoperability and mutual understanding between the two navies. The RSN is participating in SIMBEX 2011 with three frigates, a missile corvette, a submarine and a maritime patrol aircraft, while the Republic of Singapore Air Force is deploying fighter aircraft for the exercise. Joining them are three destroyers, a corvette, a fleet tanker as well as a maritime patrol aircraft from the Indian Navy. SIMBEX started in 1994 as a training-oriented anti-submarine warfare exercise and has since grown in scale and complexity over the years. The exercise underscores the long-standing defence ties between the RSN and IN. The two navies also interact regularly through a range of activities, including professional exchange programmes, staff talks and courses.

masters degree in Strategic Studies is awarded on completion of the course. General VK Singh (then Brigadier) passed out from the US Army War College in 2000-01. The ceremony was hosted by Major General Gregg F Martin, the Commandant of US Army War College, Carlisle, where General VK Singh, PVSM, AVSM, YSM, ADC, Chief of Army Staff was ceremoniously inducted into the ‘Hall of Fame’. As part of the ceremony the Chief’s photograph was placed in the hallowed portals of the college. On this occasion, General VK Singh also delivered a talk on ‘Strategic & Defence Leadership’ to the students of US Army War College, where he highlighted the future challenges, which will be faced by future leaders.

First C-130J Super Hercules air-lifter inducted in Air Force
The Indian Air Force (IAF) kicked off the induction of its latest multi-mission aircraft imported from the US at the Hindon airbase outside New Delhi on February 4, 2011, sharpening the capability of India’s special forces to carry out airborne day and night strikes. Squadron 77, named ‘Veiled Vipers’, will handle the aircraft. Hindon, which was once home to the Mig-23s and MiG-27s, was abandoned as a fighter base in 1997 after the IAF lost several aircraft to bird hits. The aircraft is the first of six C-130J Super Hercules airlifters ordered from the US for $1.2 billion (Rs 5,400 crore). The remaining deliveries will be completed by the end of 2011. The new fleet is one of the biggest contracts executed so far under Washington’s foreign military sales programme, a government-togovernment method for selling US defence equipment, services and training. April 2011, Volume: 04

Indian Army Chief Honoured at the US Army War
In a rare event of its kind, General VK Singh becomes the first Indian Officer to be inducted into the ‘Hall of Fame’ of US Army War College, Carlisle, USA, on 11 Mar 2011. This distinction is extended by the US Army, to all officers from friendly foreign countries, who rise to the post of ‘Chief’ of their respective Armies, after attending the coveted Course at US Army War College. A 14

Singapore and Indian Navies Conduct Maritime Exercise

On February 25, 2011, US space shuttle Discovery lifted off for its final flight from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida to deliver a new module and critical supplies to the International Space Station (ISS). The STS-133 mission is delivered the Permanent Multipurpose Module (PMM), a facility created from the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module named Leonardo. The module can support microgravity experiments in areas such as fluid physics, materials science, biology and biotechnology. Inside the PMM is Robonaut 2, a dextrous robot that will become a permanent resident of the station. Discovery also carried critical spare components to the space station and the Express Logistics Carrier 4, an external platform that holds large equipment.

The sun has for the first time been photographed on all sides at once in an historic image. NASA, the US space agency, released a full 360-degree portrait of the Sun on February 9, 2011, after two identical spacecraft were aligned in their solar orbits precisely opposite one another on each side of the star. Scientists believe that viewing the Sun in stereoscopic vision might enable them to predict dangerous magnetic storms on Earth caused by the immense solar flares that fling out billions of tonnes of matter through the solar system. The 3-D images were captured by ultraviolet-sensitive cameras on board the Solar Terrestrial Career Makers

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SPACE

RESEARCH

Final mission of Discovery shuttle

Sun snapped in stereo

Relations Observatory (Stereo), a pair of spacecraft launched in October 2006 on the same orbital path around the Sun as the Earth, but with one moving progressively ahead of the Earth and the other trailing regressively behind. February 9 marked the point when both spacecraft—known as Stereo Behind (B) and Stereo Ahead (A)— were exactly opposite one another on each side of the Sun, with the Earth positioned precisely midway between both space observatories. Scientists believe that being able to see both sides of the Sun simultaneously in 3-D will allow them to study and better understand how the vast coils of magnetic energy swirling around the solar surface interact with one another over vast distances—sometimes spanning two hemispheres. The solar surface is writhing with magnetic forces which twist and contort themselves into huge knots of energy that explode regularly, rather like a rubber band that has been wound up tightly before being suddenly released. One of the things that Stereo is trying to predict is when these knots are going to fling things into space. All of the cameras on board the mission were designed and built in Britain. Getting the Stereo spacecraft into orbit around the Sun was not simple. It involved using the Moon's gravity to "slingshot" the spacecraft in their proper orbits. Both spacecraft were originally launched together on a single Delta II rocket on October 26, 2006. Immediately after launch, they were placed into highly elliptical orbits, which ranged from just a few hundred kilometers above Earth's surface out to a little beyond the distance of the Moon. Over the next few weeks the two spacecraft slowly separated 15

from each other, and NASA Mission Operations carefully adjusted the orbits of each to line them up for when both flew by the Moon a few minutes apart on December 15, 2006. The Moon's gravity grabbed both spacecraft, and flung StereoAhead completely away from Earth into its orbit about the Sun. StereoBehind was also flung out, but not completely, and came back to swing by the Moon again on January 21, 2007, when it was then completely flung away in the opposite direction into its own orbit around the Sun.

Comet-hunting spacecraft shuts down after 12 years
NASA ordered its comethunting Stardust probe to burn its remaining fuel on March 24, setting off a sequence that shut down the spacecraft after a 12-year career. Stardust had finished its main mission in 2006, sending particles from a comet to Earth. It took on another job last month, photographing a crater on an asteroid. It accomplished one last experiment on Thursday, firing its thrusters until its last hydrazine fuel was gone. The length of that burn, a little under 2 1/2 minutes, will tell engineers exactly how much fuel was left so they can see how accurate their calculations were. That in turn will help with the design and operation of future probes. Spacecraft don’t carry fuel gauges because they don’t work in zero gravity. It will take a few days to analyze the fuel data, said Jim Neuman, a mission operations manager for Lockheed Martin, which built and operated the probe at its complex south of Denver. April 2011, Volume: 04

NASA’s Messenger to make historic arrival at Mercury
NASA’s Messenger spacecraft is all set to create history when it enters the orbit of the solar system’s innermost planet Mercury on March 17. According to the US space agency, the Messenger probe, which has been making its way toward Mercury for more than six years, will fire its main thruster for 14 minutes to slow itself down enough to enter orbit around Mercury on March 17. If all goes well, Messenger is expected to spend the next year studying the solar system’s innermost planet, mapping its surface and investigating its composition and magnetic environment, among other features, the Space.com reported. Learning more about Mercury would help scientists better understand how the solar system — and, in particular, the rocky planets Mercury, Mars, Venus and Earth — formed and evolved, the researchers said. Sean Solomon, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, who is the chief investigator of the USD 446-million Messenger probe said “the cruise phase of the Messenger mission has reached the end game“. “Orbit insertion is the last hurdle to a new game level, operation of the first spacecraft in orbit about the solar system’s innermost planet,” Solomon said in a statement. The spacecraft was launched in August 2004. Over the past six and half years, the probe has taken a circuitous, 4.9 billionmile, or 7.9 billion-km, route through the inner solar system, completing one flyby of Earth, two flybys of Venus and three flybys of Mercury in the process. Career Makers

These Mercury close encounters have already produced some amazing photos, returning the first new spacecraft data from the planet since NASA’s Mariner 10 mission more than 30 years ago. But Messenger hasn’t even broken a sweat yet, mission managers said. The probe’s real work begins late Thursday, when the probe drops into a highly elliptical orbit around desolate, scorched Mercury. It is expected to circle the planet once every 12 hours, researchers said. At times, it will come as close as 124 miles (200 km) from the planet’s surface; at others, it will drift off to more than 9,300 miles (15,000 km) away on its long, looping circuit. According to the researchers, the spacecraft’s science mission will last just two Mercury days, which is equivalent of a year on Earth. Mercury rotates on its axis just once every 176 Earth days. During the mission, the scientists hope the probe will help them understand better about the planet’s core structure, its geologic history, its atmosphere among others.
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SCIENCE &

TECHNOLOGY
The world’s first artificial leaf created

can use sunlight to break water into hydrogen and oxygen which can then be used to create electricity in a separate fuel cell. “A practical artificial leaf has been one of the Holy Grails of science for decades. We believe we have done it. And placed in a gallon of water and left in sun, these artificial leaves could provide a home in the developing world with basic electricity for a day,” Daniel Nocera, who led the team, said. He added: “Our goal is to make each home its own power station. One can envision villages in India and Africa not long from now purchasing an affordable basic power system based on this technology.” For their research, the scientists identified a set of inexpensive, common catalysts including nickel and cobalt that get the job done with far less expense. And, in the laboratory their playingcard-sized leaves have worked continuously for 45 straight hours without a drop in output. Though in laboratory, an artificial leaf prototype could operate continuously for at least 45 hours without a drop in activity, the scientists say that they will next try to boost both efficiency and lifespan of their photosynthetic material. The findings were presented at the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society.

Scientists have created the world’s first practical artificial leaf that can turn sunlight and water into energy, which they claim could pave the way for a cheaper source of power in developing countries like India. A team at Massachusetts Institute of Technology says that the artificial leaf from silicon, electronics and various catalysts which spur chemical reactions within the device, 16

How the nuclear plant crisis happened
The fuel in all the 3 Units is thought to have at least partially melted down despite pumping sea water and boric acid into the Units The crisis at the three Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power stations did not come from buildings collapsing due to the March 11 earthquake of magnitude 9 but from power failure following the quake. The tsunami knocked out the April 2011, Volume: 04

generators that produced the power. Lack of power in turn caused the cooling systems of the reactors to fail. The Fukushima nuclear reactor 1 went critical on March 1971 and is a 460 MW reactor. Unit-2 and Unit-3 are 784 MW each and went critical in July 1974 and March 1976 respectively. All the three are Boiling Water Reactors (BWR) and use demineralised water for cooling nuclear fuel. The fuel, in the form of pellets, is kept inside a casing called cladding. The cladding is made of zirconium alloy, and it completely seals the fuel. Fuel pins in the form of bundles are kept in the reactor core. Heat is generated in the reactor core through a fission process sustained by chain reaction. The fuel bundles are placed in such a way that the coolant can easily flow around the fuel pins. The coolant never comes in direct contact with the fuel as the fuel is kept sealed inside the zirconium alloy cladding. The coolant changes into steam as it cools the hot fuel. It

is this steam that generates electricity by driving the turbines. All the heat that is produced by nuclear fission is not used for producing electricity. The efficiency of a power plant, including nuclear, is not 100 per cent. In the case of a nuclear power plant the efficiency is 30-35 per cent. “About 3 MW of thermal energy is required to produce 1 MW of electrical energy. Hence for the 460 MW Unit-1, 1,380 MW of thermal energy is produced,” said Dr. K.S. Parthasarathy, former Secretary, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai. “This heat has to be removed continuously.” In the case of the Fukushima units, demineralised water is used as coolant. Uranium-235 is used as fuel in Unit-1 and Unit-2, and MOX (a mixture of oxides of UraniumPlutonium-239) is used as fuel in Unit-3.

Decay heat
“These radionuclides decay at different timescales, and they continue to produce heat during the decay period,” Dr. Parthasarathy said. The heat produced by radioactive decay of these radionuclides is called “decay heat.” “Just prior to the shut down of the reactor the decay heat is 7 per cent. It reduces exponentially, to about 2 per cent in the first hour. After one day, the decay heat is about 1 per cent. Then it reduces very slowly,” he said. While the uranium fission process can be stopped and heat generation can be halted, there is no way of stopping radioactive decay of the fission products. Apart from the original heat, the heat produced continuously by the fission products and activation products has to be removed even after the uranium fission process has been stopped. Inability to remove this heat led to a rise in coolant temperature. According to the Nature journal, when the temperature reached around 1,000 degree C, the zirconium alloy that encased the fuel (cladding) probably began to melt or split apart. “In the process it reacted with the steam and created hydrogen gas, which is highly volatile,” Nature notes. Though the pressure created by hydrogen gas was reduced by controlled release, the massive build-up of hydrogen led to the explosion that blew the roof of the secondary confinement (outer buildings around the reactor) in all the three units (Unit-1, Unit-2 and Unit-3). The reactor core is present inside the primary containment. But the real danger arises from fuel melting. This would happen following the rupture of the zirconium casing. “If the heat is not removed, the zirconium cladding April 2011, Volume: 04

Coolant flow
Since a very high amount of heat is generated, the flow of the coolant should never be disrupted. But on March 11, pumping of the coolant failed as even the diesel generator failed after an hour's operation. Though the power produc ing fission proc ess was stopped by using control rods that absorbed the neutrons imme diately after the quake, the fuel still contains fission products such as iodine131 and caesium137 and activa tion products such as plutonium-239. 17

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along with the fuel would melt and become liquid,” Dr. Parthasarathy explained. The government has said that fuel rods in Unit-3 were likely already damaged.

Effect of melted fuel
Melted fuel is called “corium.” Since melted fuel is at a very high temperature it can even “burn through the concrete containment vessel.” According to Nature, if enough melted fuel gathers outside the fuel assembly it can “restart the power-producing reactions, and in a completely uncontrolled way.” What may result is a “fullscale nuclear meltdown.” Pumping of sea-water is one way to reduce the heat and avoid such catastrophic consequences. The use of boric acid, which is an excellent neutron absorber, would reduce the chances of nuclear reactions restarting even if the fuel is found loose inside the reactor core. Both these measures have been resorted to in all three Units. Despite these measures, the fuel rods were found exposed in Unit-2 on two occasions.

affected and the fuel exposed. Since the core of a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) is removed only once a year or so, the number of spent rods in the pond will be more. If the fuel is indeed exposed, the possibility of fuel melt is very likely. Though the fuel will be at a lower temperature than found inside a working reactor, there are chances of the fuel melting. Since it does not have any containment unlike the fuel found inside a reactor, the consequences of a fuel melt would be really bad. Radioactivity is released directly into the atmosphere. Radioactivity of about 400 milliSv/hour was reported at the site immediately after the fire.

First dinosaur fossil discovered in Angola
Scientists say they have discovered the first fossil of a dinosaur in Angola, and that it’s a new creature, heralding a research renaissance in a country slowly emerging from decades of war. A paper published in the Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences describes a long— necked, plant—eating sauropod, among the largest creatures ever to have walked the earth. The international team that found and identified the fossilized forelimb bone say it is from a previously unknown dinosaur, citing unique skeletal characteristics. The fossil was found along with fish and shark teeth in what would have been a sea bed 90 million years ago, leading its discoverers to believe the dinosaur might have been washed into the sea and torn apart by ancient sharks. The new dinosaur has been dubbed Angolatitan adamastor Angolatitan means “Angolan giant” and the adamastor is a sea giant from Portuguese sailing myths. 18

Fate of reactor core
While the use of sea-water can prevent fuel melt, it makes the reactor core completely useless due to corrosion. The case of Unit-4 is different from the other three units. Unlike in the case of Unit-1, 2 and 3, the Unit4 is under maintenance and the core has been taken out, and the spent fuel rods are kept in the cooling pond. Whatever led to a decrease in water level, the storage pond caught fire on March 15 possibly due to hydrogen explosion. The radioactivity was released directly into the atmosphere.

Spent fuel fate unknown
It is not known if the integrity of the cladding has been already Career Makers

Matthew F. Bonnan, a sauropod expert at Western Illinois University, was not involved with the Angolan research. But after reading the report, he said he expected their claim to have found a new dinosaur to hold up. “I think they’ve been very careful,” he said, adding the find could add to knowledge about how sauropods adapted to different environments Bonnan also said it was “really cool” to see such research coming out of Angola. “The neat thing about dinosaur paleontology is that it’s becoming more global,” he said, saying that was giving scientists a global perspective on the evolution of dinosaurs. “The more people and places that we involve in science, the better off we all are,” Bonnan said. The researchers in Angola say their PaleoAngola project that yielded the fossil, started in 2005, is the first systematic paleontological expedition in Angola since the early 1960s. “Angola has had more than its share of civil war,” said Dutch project member Anne Schulp of the Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht. He said science hasn’t been a priority, but “Angola is catching up right now.” An anti—colonial war broke out in Angola in the 1960s, and civil war followed independence from Portugal in 1975. The fighting ended in 2002 when the army killed rebel leader Jonas Savimbi. The country was left littered with land mines and impoverished. The discovery of oil in recent years has set off an economic boom, but many Angolans have been left behind. PaleoAngola member Octavio Mateus of Portugal’s Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Museum of Lourinha said lack of money has been the greatest barrier to research. April 2011, Volume: 04

Difference between 2G and 3G
2G refers to second generation wireless telecomm unication technology developed mainly for voice services and slow data services with data rates upto 9.6Kbps whereas, the 3G (3rd generation) mobile telecommu nications is the generic name for the next generation of mobile networks that combines wireless mobile technology with high data rate transmission capabilities. The 3G network is capable of providing higher data rates upto 2 Mbps and supporting a variety of services such as high-resolution video and multi media services in addition to voice, fax and conventional data services. Recently conducted auction of 3G spectrum has fetched Rs.3350.116 Crores per MHz, whereas there is no upfront cost of 2G spectrum as per the existing license conditions. As on record no information is available where the price of 2G spectrum has been equated with 3G in any country of the world.
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BILLS

National Consultation on Mental Health Care Bill
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare has convened a National Consultation to discuss the proposed Mental Health Care Bill, 2010 on the 22nd March, 2011. For some time, the Ministry has been aware of the need to amend the Mental Health Act, 1987, especially in the light of complaints of abuse of the law and of the rights of persons with mental illness. A decision was taken in January, 2010 to address the question of amendments to the Mental Health Act, 1987. Draft amendments to the Act Career Makers

Implementation of Forest Rights Act
Ministry of Tribal Affairs is the Nodal Ministry for the implementation of Forest Rights Act. Based upon the information available with the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, the States have reported progress in varying degrees in implementation of the Act. While States like Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand , Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, 19

The World Bank has approved $ 150 million in loan for India to accelerate implementation of its National e—Governance Plan (NeGP), which is aimed at transforming the service delivery system across the country. While this World Bank loan will not target specific services per se, it will initiate policy and institutional actions that will impact all the services. The loan will support NeGP - approved in May 2006 as a national April 2011, Volume: 04

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were discussed intensively at Consultations held in Chandigarh, Pune, Bangalore, Ranchi and Tezpur in mid-2010 following which an entirely re-written Draft Bill has been put into the public domain for discussion. The Consultation due tomorrow would include representatives of all State Governments, doctors and administrators involved in the administration of the District Mental Health Programme (DMHP), representatives of care givers and all persons living with mental illness. In addition, representatives of the Ministries of Social Justice and Empowerment, Women and Child Development, Home Affairs and Legal Affairs have also been invited along with representatives of National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), etc. Important issues likely to arise during the Consultation include the protection of rights of persons with mental illness, the need for greater focus on community care and issues related to the relationship between illness and disability. Legislation regarding disability is currently contained in the Persons with Disability Act, 1995 and The National Trust for the Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act, 1999. The Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995 is currently also being separately discussed with a view to make major amendments.

Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal have established the prescribed structures and procedures, have received a large number of claims and have started distributing the title deeds, other States, because of various reasons, are still to catch up. As per the information collected by Ministry of Tribal Affairs, from various States/ UTs till 31st January 2011, more than 30.39 lakh claims have been filed and more than 11.09 lakh titles have been distributed. More than 34 thousand titles are ready for distribution. A total 25,53,315 claims have been disposed of (84.00%). The report of the National Committee on Forest Rights Act is still under examination in the Ministry of Tribal Affairs. This information was given by the Minister of State for Environment and Forests (independent charge) Shri Jairam Ramesh in a written reply to a question by Shri Moinul Hassan in Rajya Sabha February 22.

ECONOMY GLOSSARY

World Bank approves $ 150 mn loan for India’s e-Governance plan

programme - to operate on a single common IT infrastructure, thus allowing faster and easier sharing of information between departments, saving infrastructure costs and lowering cost of service delivery for citizens as well as government agencies, the Bank said in a statement. Citizens will no longer have to go to multiple departments, but will have the option of accessing eservices either through the internet on the government’s common website, or through a ‘single window’ Common Service Centres (CSC), set up to assist villages or remote areas, it said. “The Government of India’s aim of providing web-enabled anytime, anywhere access to information and e-services can have significant social and economic benefits. Reducing the financial and opportunity costs of obtaining specific services through enabling policy measures can go a long way in transforming service delivery in the country,” said Roberto Zagha, World Bank Country Director in India.

duty and service tax at the central level and VAT on the state front, besides local levies. “The GST would replace a number of indirect taxes presently being levied by the central government and the state governments and is intended to remove cascading of taxes and provide a common national market for goods and services,” said the Statement of Objects and Reasons of the Bill. However, crude petroleum, diesel, petrol, aviation turbine fuel, natural gas and alcohol for human consumption have been kept out of the GST ambit. According to Ernst and Young Tax Partner Harishanker Subramaniam, “Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee’s decision to table the Bill is a positive development in the direction of tax reform. He was committed to bring it in the current session and he did that.” The Bill provides for creation of a GST Council to be headed by the Union Finance Minister. The Council will be empowered to recommend tax rates and exemption and threshold limits for good and services. The Council, which is to be constituted by the President, is proposed to be chaired by the Union Finance Minister, with the Minister of State for Finance, in-charge of revenue, as member. Besides, the minister in charge of finance or taxation, or any other minister nominated by each State government, will be members. “Every decision of the GST Council taken at a meeting shall be with the consensus of all the members present at the meeting,” the Bill said. It also proposed a GST Dispute Settlement Authority, created by Parliament, to deal with griev20

ances of the Centre and the state with regard to GST. “The GST Dispute Settlement Authority shall consist of a chairperson and two other members,” the Bill said. The chairperson of the authority is proposed to be a person who has been a judge of the Supreme Court or a Chief Justice of the High Court, while the members shall be persons of “proven capacity and expertise in the field of law, economics or public affairs.” GST, which is considered to be a major tax reform, has been pending for the past few years due to differences between the Centre and some states over the structure of the new tax regime. The Bill is the fourth draft prepared by the Centre after the first three drafts were rejected by the states, citing autonomy issues. However, a few states, mainly those ruled by the BJP, continue to oppose the existing GST structure. After missing the original April, 2010, deadline for GST rollout, the government proposed to introduce it in April, 2011.

Centre moves ahead with GST, introduces Bill in Lok Sabha
The government introduced a Constitution Amendment Bill in the Lok Sabha with a view to create a common market for goods and services and replace the existing indirect taxation regime with a uniform Goods and Services Tax (GST) system. The Bill that was tabled in the Lower House despite opposition, mainly from BJP-ruled states, seeks to amend the Constitution to confer simultaneous powers to the Centre and states to levy taxes on goods and services. Now, the Bill is likely to be referred to the Parliamentary Standing Committee for scrutiny. The proposed GST will subsume most indirect taxes like excise Career Makers

April 2011, Volume: 04

Performance of SEZs
In addition to seven Central Government Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and 12 State/Private Sector SEZs set up prior to the enactment of SEZ Act, 2005, formal approval has been accorded to 582 proposals out of which 374 SEZs have been notified. A total of 130 SEZs have commenced export. Statements containing state-wise and sector-wise distribution of SEZs are enclosed. As on 31st December, 2010, an investment of Rs. 1,95,348 crore has been made in SEZs and the total direct employment in SEZs is 6,44,073 persons. The total physical Exports of Rs. 2,20,711 crore approximately have been made from SEZs during the year 2009-10 registering a growth of about 121.40% over the exports for the previous financial year. A statement showing sector-wise distribution of exports for the financial year 200910 is also enclosed. Exports from SEZs have been 26.10% of the total exports of the country during the said financial year. The total physical exports from SEZs as on 31st December, 2010 i.e. in the first three quarters of the current financial year, has been to the tune of Rs. 2,23,132 crore approximately registering a growth of 46.7% over the exports of corresponding period of the previous financial year. Total land area of notified SEZs is 44,414 hectares. SEZ being set up under the SEZ Act, 2005 are primarily private investment driven. The fiscal concessions and duty benefits allowed to SEZs are in built into the SEZ Act, 2005. The Approval Committees under the Development Commissioners constituted for each Zone, which comprise representatives from Customs, Income-tax, State Governments etc. have been directed to monitor the performance Career Makers

of the SEZ Units. This includes scrutiny of Annual Performance Report (APR), Quarterly Performance Report (QPR) and details of rent recovery. Failure to meet the requirements of the scheme or any violation attracts action under Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, 1992. On a request received from the developer, Board of Approval considers the request of extension of formal approval beyond the period of initial three years on case to case basis.

Welfare of Domestic Workers
The Government set-up a Task Force to evolve a policy frame work for domestic workers in the context of regulatory mechanism and providing social security. The Task Force has submitted its first report which makes the following recommendations: i) Extension of the welfare schemes to the domestic workers including Health and Maternity benefit, Death and Disability benefit and old age benefits. ii) Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) should be the first welfare scheme to be extended to the domestic workers. The smart cards used under RSBY can later be used to load other welfare schemes rolled out for domestic workers. iii) Domestic workers should be identified and registered by the State Labour Department. iv) The domestic work should be included in the Central List of scheduled employment vide a notification under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 for fixation and enforcement of minimum wages in respect of domestic workers. The State Governments which have not fixed minimum wages for domestic work should fix minimum rates of wages for domestic workers. 21

v) Mandatory registration of all placement agencies and individuals providing placement, sourcing and recruitment service relating to domestic work under Shops and Establishment Act. vi) Formulation of National Policy for the Domestic Workers. vii) Scaling up of the skill and re-skill training programme initiated by International Labour Organisation. The proposal to extend health insurance scheme viz. Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) to domestic workers is under consideration of the Government. The State Governments have been asked to take necessary steps for registration of placement agencies providing domestic workers.
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INTERNATIONAL

AFFAIRS

Asha Bhosle felicitated in House of Commons
Playback singer Asha Bhosle was felicitated in the House of Commons here for her outstanding achievements in music. NRI Labour MP Keith Vaz, who organised the felicitation dinner,

April 2011, Volume: 04

described the 77-year-old Padma Vibhushan awardee as an “icon” who has made India proud. “I am deeply touched by the honour bestowed on me. I never thought I would be felicitated in the British Parliament. It is a great privilege,” said Bhosle, who performed to a full house at the Royal Festival Hall, Symphony Hall in Birmingham and Leicester's De Montfort Hall during her current tour. She also lauded the efforts of Mr. Vaz in promoting Indian artistes in the U.K., saying, “I am very proud of you. Like you, my roots are also in Goa.” Rami Ranger, an NRI entrepreneur, described the felicitation as “historic.” “Your presence here is like a dream come true. We are all very proud of you,” he told the veteran singer. Bhosle, whose career as a Bollywood singer started in 1943 and spans a staggering six decades, has contributed to the soundtracks of over 1,000 Bollywood films.

Japan fights to avert meltdown at nuclear reactors
Japan fought March 13 to avert a disastrous meltdown at two earthquake-crippled nuclear reactors as estimates of the death toll from the tsunami that charged across its northeast rose to more than 10,000. Officials worked desperately to stop fuel rods in the damaged reactors from overheating after some controlled radiation leaks into the air to relieve pressure. The government said a building housing a second reactor was at risk of exploding after a blast blew the roof off the first the day before at the complex, 150 miles north of Tokyo. The fear is that if the fuel rods do not cool, they could melt the container that houses the core, or even explode, releasing radioactive material into the wind. Career Makers

Broadcaster NHK, quoting a police official, said more than 10,000 people may have been killed as the wall of water triggered by Friday's 8.9-magnitude quake surged across the coastline, reducing whole towns to rubble. Authorities have set up a 20km exclusion zone around the Fukushima Daiichi plant and a 10 km zone around another nuclear facility close by. Around 140,000 people have been moved from the area, while authorities prepared to distribute iodine to protect people from radioactive exposure. Meanwhile, millions of Japanese were without drinking water or electricity today, surviving on instant noodles and rice balls. Kyodo news agency said, almost two million households were without power in the freezing north and about 1.4 million without running water. About 300,000 people were evacuated nationwide, many seeking refuge in shelters, wrapped in blankets, some clutching each other sobbing. Although the government doubled the number of soldiers deployed in the aid effort to 100,000, it seemed overwhelmed by what's turning out to be a triple disaster. Teams searched for the missing along hundreds of miles of the Japanese coast, and thousands of hungry survivors huddled in darkened emergency centres that were cut off from rescuers and aid. Large areas of the countryside were surrounded by water and unreachable. Fuel stations were closed and people were running out of gasoline for their cars.

The new START officially came into force when Clinton and Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov exchanged ratification documents at a security conference in the German city of Munich. “Today we exchange the instruments of ratification for a treaty that lessens the nuclear danger facing the Russian and American people and the world,” Clinton said. The chief US diplomat hailed the pact as another example of “clear-eyed” cooperation between the two military powers, “part of a journey we have been taking for more than 60 years.” Lavrov told the Munich conference that the agreement would “enhance international stability.” The pact slashes existing warhead ceilings by 30 per cent over the next 10 years and limits each side to 700 deployed long-range missiles and heavy bombers. The original 1991 pact expired at the end of 2009 amid stark differences over how the two sides planned to proceed.

China has emerged as the world’s largest economy
China has emerged as the world’s largest economy, surpassing Japan, which had held on to the position for over four decades. At the end of 2010, Japanese economy was estimated to be worth about $5.5 trillion and that of China $5.8 trillion. USA continues to be the largest economy of the world with the economy worth $14.6 trillion.

US, Russia launch nuclear arms reduction pact
On February 5, 2011, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton launched a landmark nuclear arms reduction pact with Russia, a showpiece of Washington’s “reset” of ties with its former Cold War enemy. 22

SAARC Foreign Ministers’ meet
The SAARC Foreign Ministers’ meet was held in Thimpu, Bhutan on February 8, 2011. April 2011, Volume: 04

India’s population has jumped to 1.21 billion, showing an increase by more than 181 million during the 2001-2011 decade, according to the provisional data of Census 2011 which was released on Thursday. Though the country’s population is almost equal to the combined population of the U.S., Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan put together (1214.3 million), the silver lining is that 2001-2011 is the first decade with the exception of 1911-1921 which has actually added lesser population compared to the previous decade. Of the total provisional population of 1210.2 million, the number of males was pegged at

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population pegged at 1,210.2 million

623.7 million and the population of females stood at 586.5 million. The percentage growth in 2001-2011 was 17.64 – males 17.19 and females 18.12. India’s population accounts for world’s 17.5 per cent population. The provisional data of Census 2011 was released by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India C. Chandramouli in the presence of Union Home Secretary G. K. Pillai. Provisional population is arrived at by adding the population as reported by each enumerator and the final population data is likely to be released next year.

The percentage decadal growth rates of the six most populous States have declined during 2001-2011 as compared to 19912001. The graph of population growth in U.P. shows a decline from 25.85 per cent to 20.09 per cent, in Maharashtra from 22.73 per cent to 15.99 per cent, Bihar from 28.62 per cent to 25.07 per cent, West Bengal from 17.77 per cent to 13.93 per cent, Andhra Pradesh from 14.59 per cent to 11.10 per cent and Madhya Pradesh from 24.26 per cent to 20.30 per cent. ``This shows that we have added population but the growth has been less.’’

Uttar Pradesh most populous state
Among the States and Union Territories, Uttar Pradesh is the most populous State with 199 million people followed by Maharashtra at 112 million people and Lakshadweep is the least populated at 64,429 persons. The combined population of U.P. and Maharashtra is greater than that of the U.S.

Sex-ratio at national level increases
Overall sex ratio at the national level has increased by seven points to reach 940 as provisional data for Census 2011 showed as against 933 in Census 2001. Increase in sex ratio was observed in 29 States/Union Territories. Kerala with 1084 has the highest sex ratio followed by Puducherry with 1038. Daman and Diu has the lowest sex ratio of 618. ``This is the highest sex ratio at the national level since Census 1971 and a shade lower than 1961. Three major States – Jammu and Kashmir, Bihar and Gujarat – have shown a decline in sex ratio as compared to Census 2001,’’ Dr. Chandramouli said. India’s skewed sex ratio due to female foeticide and the practice of selective sex determination has been a cause for concern. Sex ratio is the number of females per 1000 males.

Child sex ratio a concern
However, the areas of grave concern, Dr. Chanramouli said, remains the lowest ever child sex ratio of 914. The provisional data showed that the child sex ratio [0 to 6 years] came down to 914 females per 1000 males as against 927 in the Census 2001. It showed a con23 April 2011, Volume: 04

tinuing preference for male children over females in the last decade. Increasing trend in the child sex ratio was seen in Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram and Andaman and Nicobar Island but in all the remaining 27 States / Union Territories, the child sex ratio showed decline over Census 2001. Whereas overall sex ratio has shown improvement since 1991, decline in child sex ratio has been unabated since 1961 Census. The total number of children in 0 to 6 year age group is now 158.8 million, less by five million since 2001. Literacy rate has gone up from 64.83 per cent in 2001 to 74.04 per cent, showing an increase of 9.21 percentage points.

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The percentage decadal growth rates of the six most populous States have declined during 2001-2011 compared to 1991-2001: Uttar Pradesh (25.85% 20.09%) Maharashtra (22.73% 15.99%) Bihar (28.62% to 25.07%) West Bengal (17.77 % 13.93%) Andhra Pradesh (14.59% 11.10%) Madhya Pradesh (24.26% 20.30%) to

*

* to * to to to *

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Major highlights of the Census 2011
The population of the country as per the provisional figures of Census 2011 is 1210.19 million of which 623.7 million (51.54%) are males and 586.46 million (48.46%) are females. The provisional figures of Census 2011 were released in New Delhi on March 31 by Union home secretary Shri G.K.Pillai and RGI Shri C Chandramouli.

During 2001-2011, as many as 25 States/UTs with a share of about 85% of the country's population registered an annual growth rate of less than 2% as compared to, 15 States/ UTs with a share of about 42%

during the period 1991-2001. 15 States/UTs have grown by less than 1.5 per cent per annum during 2001-2011, while the number of such States/UTs was only 4 during the previous decade. The total number of children in the age-group 0-6 is 158.8 million (-5 million since 2001) Twenty States and Union Territories now have over one million children in the age group 0-6 years. On the other extreme, there are five States and Union Territories in the country that are yet to reach the one hundred thousand mark. Uttar Pradesh (29.7 million), Bihar (18.6 million), Maharashtra (12.8 million), Madhya Pradesh (10.5 million) and Rajasthan (10.5 million) constitute 52% children in the age group of 0-6 years.

The major highlights of the Census 2011 (Provisional figures) are as under:
* The population of India has increased by more than 181 million during the decade 20012011. Percentage growth in 20012011 is 17.64; males 17.19 and females 18.12. 2001-2011 is the first decade (with the exception of 19111921) which has actually added lesser population compared to the previous decade. Uttar Pradesh (199.5 million) is the most populous State in the country followed by Maharashtra with 112 million. 24 April 2011, Volume: 04

*

*

*

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*

*

*

*

Population (0-6 years) 20012011 registered minus (-)3.08 percent growth with minus ()2.42 for males and -3.80 for females. The proportion of Child Population in the age group of 0-6 years to total population is 13.1 percent while the corresponding figure in 2001 was 15.9 percent. The decline has been to the extent of 2.8 points. Overall sex ratio at the national level has increased by 7 points to reach 940 at Census 2011 as against 933 in Census 2001. This is the highest sex ratio recorded since Census 1971 and a shade lower than 1961. Increase in sex ratio is observed in 29 States/UTs. Three major States (J&K, Bihar & Gujarat) have shown decline in sex ratio as compared to Census 2001. Kerala with 1084 has the highest sex ratio followed by

*

*

*

*

*

Puducherry with 1038, Daman & Diu has the lowest sex ratio of 618. Child sex ratio (0-6 years) is 914. Increasing trend in the child sex ratio (0-6) seen in Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram and A&N Islands. In all remaining 27 States/UTs, the child sex ratio show decline over Census 2001. Mizoram has the highest child sex ratio (0-6 years) of 971 followed by Meghalaya with 970. Haryana is at the bottom with ratio of 830 followed by Punjab with 846. Literacy rate has gone up from 64.83 per cent in 2001 to 74.04 per cent in 2011 showing an increase of 9.21 percentage points. Percentage growth in literacy during 2001-2011 is 38.82; males : 31.98% & females : 49.10%. Literates constitute 74 per cent of the total population aged seven and above and illiterates form 26 per cent.

At 914, child sex ratio is the lowest since Independence
The lowest-ever child sex ratio of 914 overshadowed an increase in the overall sex ratio, which is now 940 — the highest nationwide since Census 1971 and a shade lower than 1961 — as it reflects a continued preference for a male child. As per the provisional data of Census 2011 released here on Thursday, while the overall sex ratio had gone up by seven points to touch 940, against 933 in Census 2001, the child sex ratio plummeted to 914 from 927. Sex ratio is the number of women against 1,000 men, while child sex ratio is the number of girls against 1,000 boys in the age group of 0-6. Career Makers 25

Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Women and Child Development Krishna Tirath was happy that the overall sex ratio had increased, but expressed concern at the decline in the child sex ratio. Ms. Tirath said she would take up the issue with the ‘problem' States and stressed the need for proper implementation of women and child development schemes. The increasing child sex ratio that came as a shocker in the latest census figures shows 914 girls, and this is the lowest ever since Independence, slipping from 927 in 2001. The increasing trend has been seen in Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, while in all the remaining 27 States and Union Territories, the ratio has shown a decline. It was the highest in Mizoram at 971, closely followed by Meghalaya (970), while at the rock bottom was Haryana with 830 and Punjab with 846. At the district level, Lahul and Spiti in Himachal Pradesh had the highest sex ratio in the age group of 0-6 at 1,013, while in Twang (Arunachal Pradesh), it was 1,005. It was shamefully low in Jhajjar and Mahendragarh (Haryana) at 774 and 778. The census figures indicate an increase in sex ratio in 29 States and Union Territories, with women outnumbering men in Kerala. There were 1,084 women against 1,000 men in Kerala, followed by Puducherry where the figure was 1038. Daman and Diu has a sex ratio of 618, next only to Dadra and Nagar Haveli at 775. Among the districts, Mahe (Puducherry) has the highest sex ratio of 1,176, followed April 2011, Volume: 04

by Almora in Uttarakhand, where it is 1,142. In Daman, it is the lowest at 533, and in Leh of Ladakh, it is 583. The three major States of Jammu and Kashmir, Bihar and Gujarat have shown a decline in the sex ratio compared with the figures of Census 2001, while 29 States and Union Territories have shown an increase.

Significant boost in literacy
The provisional data of the 2011 census released here on Thursday gave the country some good tidings on the literacy front, as the literacy level has increased by 9.21 percentage points in the past decade to touch 74.04 per cent. Literates constitute 74 per cent of the total population aged seven years and above and the data shows 26 per cent of the population is still unlettered. The literacy rate went up from 64.83 per cent in 2001 to 74.04 per cent in 2011 — showing an increase of 9.21 percentage points. Significantly, the female literacy level saw a significant jump as compared to males. The female literacy in 2001 was 53.67 per cent and it has gone up to 65.46 per cent in 2011. The male literacy, in comparison, rose from 75.26 to 82.14 per cent. Kerala, with 93.91 per cent, continues to occupy the top position among States as far as literacy is concerned, while Mizoram's Serchhip district (98.76 per cent) and Aizawl (98.50 per cent) recorded the highest literacy rates among districts. Madhya Pradesh's Alirajpur district has the lowest literacy rate of 37.22 per cent as also the naxalite-affected Chhattisgarh's Career Makers

Bijapur district, where the literacy rate is 41.58 per cent. Lakshadweep followed Kerala with a literacy level of 92.28 per cent, while Bihar remained at the bottom of the ladder at 63.82 per cent, followed by Arunachal Pradesh at 66.95 per cent. Ten States and Union Territories, including Kerala, Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Tripura, Goa, Daman and Diu, Puducherry, Chandigarh, NCT of Delhi and Andaman and Nicobar Islands achieved a literacy rate of above 85 per cent, which met the Planning Commission's target set to be achieved by 2011-12. The gap of 21.59 percentage points recorded between male and female literacy rates in 2001 census has reduced to 16.68 percentage points in 2011. The Planning Commission is targeting a reduction of this gap to 10 percentage points by 2011-12. A significant milestone reached in the 2011 census is the fall in the number of illiterate persons by 31,196,847. Of the total decrease in the number of illiterates, women comprise 17,122,197 and men were 14,074,650. It was also encouraging to note that out of a total of 217,700,941 literates added during the decade, females outnumbered males by 110,069,001 to 107,631,940.

eral of India and census commissioner C Chandramauli. Interestingly, literacy rate improved sharply among females as compared to males. While the effective literacy rate for males rose from 75.26 to 82.14 percent marking a rise of 6.9 percent, it increased by 11.8 percent for females to go from 53.67 to 65.46 percent. According to provisional totals of the latest census, literates constitute 74 percent of total population aged seven and above. Chandramauli said it was encouraging to note that out of total 217,700,941 literates added during the decade, females at 110,069.001 outnumbered males at 107,631,940. He said a significant milestone reached in 2011 census was the decline of illiterates by 31,196,847. Ten states and union territories, including Kerala, Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Tripura, Goa, Daman and Diu, Puducherry, Chandigarh, National Capital Territory of Delhi and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, have attained literacy rate of above 85 percent, the target set by the Planning Commission to be achieved by 2011-12. The gap of 21.59 percentage points recorded between male and female literacy rates in 2001 census reduced to 16.68 percentage points in 2011. The Planning Commission had set up a target of reducing this gap to 10 percentage points by 2011-12. Kerala has the highest literacy rate at 93.91 percent followed by Lakshadweep at 92.28 percent. Bihar is at the bottom of the ladder with literacy rate of 63.82 followed by Arunachal Pradesh at 66.95. April 2011, Volume: 04

Literacy rises by 9.2%, now 74.04%
India's effective literacy rate has recorded a 9.2 percent rise to reach 74.04 percent, according to provisional data of the 2011 census released on March 31. Effective literacy rate in the 2001 census was 64.83, which improved to 74.04, said Registrar Gen26

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Distribution of population, sex ratio, density and decadal growth rate of population : 2011 Total population Sex ratio State India/State/ # (females /UT Union Territory Persons Males Females per 1000 Cod males) e 1 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 2 INDIA 3 1,210,193,422 Jammu & Kashmir 12,548,926 Himachal Pradesh 6,856,509 Punjab 27,704,236 # 1,054,686 Chandigarh Uttarakhand 10,116,752 Haryana 25,353,081 # 16,753,235 NCT of Delhi Rajasthan 68,621,012 Uttar Pradesh 199,581,477 Bihar 103,804,637 Sikkim 607,688 Arunachal Pradesh 1,382,611 Nagaland 1,980,602 Manipur 2,721,756 Mizoram 1,091,014 Tripura 3,671,032 Meghalaya 2,964,007 Assam 31,169,272 West Bengal 91,347,736 Jharkhand 32,966,238 Orissa 41,947,358 Chhattisgarh 25,540,196 Madhya Pradesh 72,597,565 Gujarat 60,383,628 # 242,911 Daman & Diu # 342,853 Dadra & Nagar Haveli Maharashtra 112,372,972 Andhra Pradesh 84,665,533 Karnataka 61,130,704 Goa 1,457,723 # 64,429 Lakshadweep Kerala 33,387,677 Tamil Nadu 72,138,958 # 1,244,464 Puducherry 379,944 Andaman & Nicobar Island 4 623,724,248 6,665,561 3,473,892 14,634,819 580,282 5,154,178 13,505,130 8,976,410 35,620,086 104,596,415 54,185,347 321,661 720,232 1,025,707 1,369,764 552,339 1,871,867 1,492,668 15,954,927 46,927,389 16,931,688 21,201,678 12,827,915 37,612,920 31,482,282 150,100 193,178 58,361,397 42,509,881 31,057,742 740,711 33,106 16,021,290 36,158,871 610,485 202,330
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Density (Per sq.km) 7 382 124 123 550 9,252 189 573 11,297 201 828 1,102 86 17 119 122 52 350 132 397 1,029 414 269 189 236 308 2,169 698 365 308 319 394 2,013 859 555 2,598 46

Decadal growth rate 8 17.64 23.71 12.81 13.73 17.10 19.17 19.90 20.96 21.44 20.09 25.07 12.36 25.92 -0.47 18.65 22.78 14.75 27.82 16.93 13.93 22.34 13.97 22.59 20.30 19.17 53.54 55.50 15.99 11.10 15.67 8.17 6.23 4.86 15.60 27.72 6.68

5 586,469,174 5,883,365 3,382,617 13,069,417 474,404 4,962,574 11,847,951 7,776,825 33,000,926 94,985,062 49,619,290 286,027 662,379 954,895 1,351,992 538,675 1,799,165 1,471,339 15,214,345 44,420,347 16,034,550 20,745,680 12,712,281 34,984,645 28,901,346 92,811 149,675 54,011,575 42,155,652 30,072,962 717,012 31,323 17,366,387 35,980,087 633,979 177,614

6 940 883 974 893 818 963 877 866 926 908 916 889 920 931 987 975 961 986 954 947 947 978 991 930 918 618 775 925 992 968 968 946 1,084 995 1,038 878

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Population of States /Union Territories by sex and percentage share of population in total population: 2011 State India/State/Union Territory # Total population Percentage /UT share in total Persons Males Females Code population 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 INDIA Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Punjab # Chandigarh Uttarakhand Haryana NCT of Delhi Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Bihar
#

1,21,01,93,422 1,25,48,926 68,56,509 2,77,04,236 10,54,686 1,01,16,752 2,53,53,081 1,67,53,235 6,86,21,012 19,95,81,477 10,38,04,637 6,07,688 13,82,611 19,80,602 27,21,756 10,91,014 36,71,032 29,64,007 3,11,69,272 9,13,47,736 3,29,66,238 4,19,47,358 2,55,40,196 7,25,97,565 6,03,83,628 2,42,911 3,42,853 11,23,72,972 8,46,65,533 6,11,30,704 14,57,723 64,429 3,33,87,677 7,21,38,958 12,44,464 3,79,944

62,37,24,248 66,65,561 34,73,892 1,46,34,819 5,80,282 51,54,178 1,35,05,130 89,76,410 3,56,20,086 10,45,96,415 5,41,85,347 3,21,661 7,20,232 10,25,707 13,69,764 5,52,339 18,71,867 14,92,668 1,59,54,927 4,69,27,389 1,69,31,688 2,12,01,678 1,28,27,915 3,76,12,920 3,14,82,282 1,50,100 1,93,178 5,83,61,397 4,25,09,881 3,10,57,742 7,40,711 33,106 1,60,21,290 3,61,58,871 6,10,485 2,02,330

58,64,69,174 58,83,365 33,82,617 1,30,69,417 4,74,404 49,62,574 1,18,47,951 77,76,825 3,30,00,926 9,49,85,062 4,96,19,290 2,86,027 6,62,379 9,54,895 13,51,992 5,38,675 17,99,165 14,71,339 1,52,14,345 4,44,20,347 1,60,34,550 2,07,45,680 1,27,12,281 3,49,84,645 2,89,01,346 92,811 1,49,675 5,40,11,575 4,21,55,652 3,00,72,962 7,17,012 31,323 1,73,66,387 3,59,80,087 6,33,979 1,77,614

100.00 1.04 0.57 2.29 0.09 0.84 2.09 1.38 5.67 16.49 8.58 0.05 0.11 0.16 0.22 0.09 0.30 0.24 2.58 7.55 2.72 3.47 2.11 6.00 4.99 0.02 0.03 9.29 7.00 5.05 0.12 0.01 2.76 5.96 0.10 0.03

Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland Manipur Mizoram Tripura Meghalaya Assam West Bengal Jharkhand Orissa Chhattisgarh Madhya Pradesh Gujarat Daman & Diu # Dadra & Nagar Haveli # Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Goa Lakshadweep # Kerala Tamil Nadu Puducherry # Andaman & Nicobar Islands #

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Population of States /Union Territories by sex and percentage share of population in total population: 2011 (States /Union Territories arranged in alphabetical order) Total population Sl. No. India/State/Union Territory # Persons Males Females Percentage share in total population INDIA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Andaman & Nicobar Islands Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chandigarh # Chhattisgarh Dadra & Nagar Haveli # Daman & Diu # Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Lakshadweep # Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland NCT of Delhi # Orissa Puducherry # Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal
#

1,21,01,93,422 3,79,944 8,46,65,533 13,82,611 3,11,69,272 10,38,04,637 10,54,686 2,55,40,196 3,42,853 2,42,911 14,57,723 6,03,83,628 2,53,53,081 68,56,509 1,25,48,926 3,29,66,238 6,11,30,704 3,33,87,677 64,429 7,25,97,565 11,23,72,972 27,21,756 29,64,007 10,91,014 19,80,602 1,67,53,235 4,19,47,358 12,44,464 2,77,04,236 6,86,21,012 6,07,688 7,21,38,958 36,71,032 19,95,81,477 1,01,16,752 9,13,47,736
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62,37,24,248 2,02,330 4,25,09,881 7,20,232 1,59,54,927 5,41,85,347 5,80,282 1,28,27,915 1,93,178 1,50,100 7,40,711 3,14,82,282 1,35,05,130 34,73,892 66,65,561 1,69,31,688 3,10,57,742 1,60,21,290 33,106 3,76,12,920 5,83,61,397 13,69,764 14,92,668 5,52,339 10,25,707 89,76,410 2,12,01,678 6,10,485 1,46,34,819 3,56,20,086 3,21,661 3,61,58,871 18,71,867 10,45,96,415 51,54,178 4,69,27,389

58,64,69,174 1,77,614 4,21,55,652 6,62,379 1,52,14,345 4,96,19,290 4,74,404 1,27,12,281 1,49,675 92,811 7,17,012 2,89,01,346 1,18,47,951 33,82,617 58,83,365 1,60,34,550 3,00,72,962 1,73,66,387 31,323 3,49,84,645 5,40,11,575 13,51,992 14,71,339 5,38,675 9,54,895 77,76,825 2,07,45,680 6,33,979 1,30,69,417 3,30,00,926 2,86,027 3,59,80,087 17,99,165 9,49,85,062 49,62,574 4,44,20,347

100.00 0.03 7.00 0.11 2.58 8.58 0.09 2.11 0.03 0.02 0.12 4.99 2.09 0.57 1.04 2.72 5.05 2.76 0.01 6.00 9.29 0.22 0.24 0.09 0.16 1.38 3.47 0.10 2.29 5.67 0.05 5.96 0.30 16.49 0.84 7.55

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Sex Ratio of Total population and child population in the age group 0-6 and 7+ years : 2001 and 2011 Sex ratio (females per 1,000 males) State India/States/Union Territory # /UT Code Populatiion Total Child aged 7 and population population above in the age group 0-6 2001 3 933 892 968 876 777 962 861 821 921 898 919 875 893 900 974 935 948 972 935 934 941 972 989 919 920 710 812 922 978 965 961 948 1058 987 1001 846
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1 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

2 INDIA Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Punjab Chandigarh # Uttarakhand Haryana NCT of Delhi Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Bihar
#

2011 4 940 883 974 893 818 963 877 866 926 908 916 889 920 931 987 975 961 986 954 947 947 978 991 930 918 618 775 925 992 968 968 946 1084 995 1038 878

2001 5 927 941 896 798 845 908 819 868 909 916 942 963 964 964 957 964 966 973 965 960 965 953 975 932 883 926 979 913 961 946 938 959 960 942 967 957

2011 6 914 859 906 846 867 886 830 866 883 899 933 944 960 944 934 971 953 970 957 950 943 934 964 912 886 909 924 883 943 943 920 908 959 946 965 966

2001 7 934 884 980 888 767 973 869 813 923 894 914 861 878 890 977 930 945 971 929 929 935 976 992 916 927 682 779 924 981 968 964 946 1,072 993 1,006 831

2011 8 944 887 983 899 812 975 885 866 935 910 912 883 913 929 995 976 962 989 953 946 948 985 995 933 923 589 752 931 997 971 973 951 1,099 1,000 1,047 868

Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland Manipur Mizoram Tripura Meghalaya Assam West Bengal Jharkhand Orissa Chhattisgarh Madhya Pradesh Gujarat Daman & Diu # Dadra & Nagar Haveli # Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Goa Lakshadweep # Kerala Tamil Nadu Puducherry # Andaman & Nicobar Islands #

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April 2011, Volume: 04

( ) Literates and literacy rates by sex : 2011 State India/State/ Literates # /UT Union Territory Code Persons 1 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 778,454,120 7,245,053 5,104,506 18,988,611 # 809,653 Chandigarh Uttarakhand 6,997,433 Haryana 16,904,324 # 12,763,352 NCT of Delhi Rajasthan 38,970,500 Uttar Pradesh 118,423,805 Bihar 54,390,254 Sikkim 449,294 Arunachal Pradesh 789,943 Nagaland 1,357,579 Manipur 1,891,196 Mizoram 847,592 Tripura 2,831,742 Meghalaya 1,817,761 Assam 19,507,017 West Bengal 62,614,556 Jharkhand 18,753,660 Orissa 27,112,376 Chhattisgarh 15,598,314 Madhya Pradesh 43,827,193 Gujarat 41,948,677 # 188,974 Daman & Diu # 228,028 Dadra & Nagar Haveli Maharashtra 82,512,225 Andhra Pradesh 51,438,510 Karnataka 41,029,323 Goa 1,152,117 # 52,914 Lakshadweep Kerala 28,234,227 Tamil Nadu 52,413,116 # 966,600 Puducherry 293,695 Andaman & Nicobar Island 2 INDIA Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Punjab 9 Males 10 444,203,762 4,370,604 2,791,542 10,626,788 468,166 3,930,174 9,991,838 7,210,050 24,184,782 70,479,196 32,711,975 253,364 454,532 731,796 1,026,733 438,949 1,515,973 934,091 10,756,937 34,508,159 11,168,649 15,326,036 8,962,121 25,848,137 23,995,500 124,911 144,916 46,294,041 28,759,782 22,808,468 620,026 28,249 13,755,888 28,314,595 502,575 164,219
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Literacy rate (%)

Females 11 334,250,358 2,874,449 2,312,964 8,361,823 341,487 3,067,259 6,912,486 5,553,302 14,785,718 47,944,609 21,678,279 195,930 335,411 625,783 864,463 408,643 1,315,769 883,670 8,750,080 28,106,397 7,585,011 11,786,340 6,636,193 17,979,056 17,953,177 64,063 83,112 36,218,184 22,678,728 18,220,855 532,091 24,665 14,478,339 24,098,521 464,025 129,476

Persons Males 12 74.04 68.74 83.78 76.68 86.43 79.63 76.64 86.34 67.06 69.72 63.82 82.20 66.95 80.11 79.85 91.58 87.75 75.48 73.18 77.08 67.63 73.45 71.04 70.63 79.31 87.07 77.65 82.91 67.66 75.60 87.40 92.28 93.91 80.33 86.55 86.27 13 82.14 78.26 90.83 81.48 90.54 88.33 85.38 91.03 80.51 79.24 73.39 87.29 73.69 83.29 86.49 93.72 92.18 77.17 78.81 82.67 78.45 82.40 81.45 80.53 87.23 91.48 86.46 89.82 75.56 82.85 92.81 96.11 96.02 86.81 92.12 90.11

Females 14 65.46 58.01 76.60 71.34 81.38 70.70 66.77 80.93 52.66 59.26 53.33 76.43 59.57 76.69 73.17 89.40 83.15 73.78 67.27 71.16 56.21 64.36 60.59 60.02 70.73 79.59 65.93 75.48 59.74 68.13 81.84 88.25 91.98 73.86 81.22 81.84

Career Makers

April 2011, Volume: 04

Population aged 7 years and above by sex : 2011 Population aged 7 years and above State India/State/ # /UT Union Territory Code Persons 1 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 2 INDIA Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Punjab Chandigarh # Uttarakhand Haryana NCT of Delhi # Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Bihar Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland Manipur Mizoram Tripura Meghalaya Assam West Bengal Jharkhand Orissa Chhattisgarh Madhya Pradesh Gujarat Daman & Diu # Dadra & Nagar Haveli # Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Goa Lakshadweep # Kerala Tamil Nadu Puducherry # Andaman & Nicobar Islands # 6 1,051,404,135 10,540,284 6,092,645 24,762,666 936,733 8,787,908 22,055,357 14,782,725 58,116,096 169,853,242 85,222,408 546,611 1,179,852 1,694,621 2,368,519 925,478 3,226,977 2,408,185 26,657,965 81,235,137 27,728,656 36,911,708 21,956,168 62,049,270 52,889,452 217,031 293,657 99,524,597 76,022,847 54,274,903 1,318,228 57,341 30,065,430 65,244,137 1,116,854 340,447
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Males 7 540,772,113 5,584,899 3,073,211 13,041,557 517,095 4,449,409 11,703,083 7,920,675 30,039,874 88,943,240 44,570,067 290,243 616,802 878,596 1,187,080 468,374 1,644,513 1,210,479 13,649,839 41,740,125 14,235,767 18,598,470 11,002,928 32,095,963 27,507,996 136,544 167,603 51,539,135 38,061,551 27,529,898 668,042 29,391 14,325,355 32,616,520 545,553 182,236

Females 8 510,632,022 4,955,385 3,019,434 11,721,109 419,638 4,338,499 10,352,274 6,862,050 28,076,222 80,910,002 40,652,341 256,368 563,050 816,025 1,181,439 457,104 1,582,464 1,197,706 13,008,126 39,495,012 13,492,889 18,313,238 10,953,240 29,953,307 25,381,456 80,487 126,054 47,985,462 37,961,296 26,745,005 650,186 27,950 15,740,075 32,627,617 571,301 158,211

Career Makers

April 2011, Volume: 04

Population aged 7 years and above by sex : 2011 Population aged 7 years and above State India/State/ /UT Union Territory # Code Persons 1 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 2 INDIA Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Punjab Chandigarh # Uttarakhand Haryana NCT of Delhi # Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Bihar Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland Manipur Mizoram Tripura Meghalaya Assam West Bengal Jharkhand Orissa Chhattisgarh Madhya Pradesh Gujarat Daman & Diu # Dadra & Nagar Haveli # Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Goa Lakshadweep # Kerala Tamil Nadu Puducherry # Andaman & Nicobar Islands # 6 1,051,404,135 10,540,284 6,092,645 24,762,666 936,733 8,787,908 22,055,357 14,782,725 58,116,096 169,853,242 85,222,408 546,611 1,179,852 1,694,621 2,368,519 925,478 3,226,977 2,408,185 26,657,965 81,235,137 27,728,656 36,911,708 21,956,168 62,049,270 52,889,452 217,031 293,657 99,524,597 76,022,847 54,274,903 1,318,228 57,341 30,065,430 65,244,137 1,116,854 340,447
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Males 7 540,772,113 5,584,899 3,073,211 13,041,557 517,095 4,449,409 11,703,083 7,920,675 30,039,874 88,943,240 44,570,067 290,243 616,802 878,596 1,187,080 468,374 1,644,513 1,210,479 13,649,839 41,740,125 14,235,767 18,598,470 11,002,928 32,095,963 27,507,996 136,544 167,603 51,539,135 38,061,551 27,529,898 668,042 29,391 14,325,355 32,616,520 545,553 182,236

Females 8 510,632,022 4,955,385 3,019,434 11,721,109 419,638 4,338,499 10,352,274 6,862,050 28,076,222 80,910,002 40,652,341 256,368 563,050 816,025 1,181,439 457,104 1,582,464 1,197,706 13,008,126 39,495,012 13,492,889 18,313,238 10,953,240 29,953,307 25,381,456 80,487 126,054 47,985,462 37,961,296 26,745,005 650,186 27,950 15,740,075 32,627,617 571,301 158,211

Career Makers

April 2011, Volume: 04

Hyderabad international airport
The Hyderabad international airport has bagged the first rank in its category in the latest Airport Service Quality (ASQ) rankings of the Airports Council International (ACI).

secretariat for both the NCEM and NBEM. The present proposal does not involve any financial implication.

Background :
In wake of the fast dwindling petroleum resources, growing concerns on the impact of vehicles on the environment and climate change; the automobile industry worldwide is gradually shifting to more efficient drive technologies and alternative fuels including electric vehicles. Accordingly, world over major investments, incentives and policies are being introduced to propagate the development, adoption of electric vehicles (EV) and their manufacturing. At present, the barriers to greater adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) include higher cost of EVs, challenges in battery technology, limited range of EVs, lack of infrastructure, consumer mindset and inadequate government support. In order to resolve these barriers and for electric mobility to take off it is essential that continued government intervention/support, high level ownership, adoption of mission mode approach for fast decision making, collaboration amongst various stakeholders, long term commitment with clearly defined short term and long term objectives and a synergized - holistic approach is essential. Accordingly, the promotion and manufacturing of electric vehicles is being taken up on a mission mode approach as "National Mission for Electric Mobility". Further, as a first step an enabling, empowered, fast decision and policy making structure at the apex level in the form of National Council for Electric Mobility (NCEM) and the National Board for Electric Mobility (NBEM) is being set up. The Council will comprise of Ministers from the key Central Ministries/ Departments, eminent 45

India’s first inland fish processing unit
India’s first inland fish processing unit has been set up in the village of Bhutana in Karnal district of Haryana. The unit has been set up in technical collaboration with ZTM BPD Unit, South Zone, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, which comes under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).

representatives from the industry and academia and will be chaired by the Minister (Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises). The Council will be aided by a 25 member National Board for Electric Mobility comprising of secretaries of stakeholder Central Ministries/ Departments with representation from industry and academia. The National Council and the Board will be serviced by NATRiP Implementation Society (NATIS) for the time being and in future by the National Automotive Board (NAB), which is being created.

India among the most cor rupt nations surveyed by PERC
India finds itself bracketed with countries like Philippines and Cambodia, rated as the fourth most corrupt nation among 16 countries of the Asia Pacific region surveyed by leading Hong Kong-based business consultancy firm PERC. The Political & Economic Risk Consultancy Ltd (PERC) rated India at 8.67 on a scale of zero to 10 with the high end being the worst case of corruption scenario and ahead of the Philippines (8.9 points), Indonesia (9.25 points) and Cambodia (9.27 points). Among the 16 countries reviewed in its latest report, Thailand was rated at 11 with a scale of 7.55, followed by China (7.93) and Vietnam (8.3). Comparatively, Singapore was given a clean sheet with a score of 0.37, followed by Hong Kong (1.10), Australia (1.39), Japan (1.90) and USA (2.39), putting them in the top five. In India, according to the report, civil and other local-level political leaders were found more corrupt than the national-level political leaders, with the former given a score of 9.25 and the latter slightly better at 8.97. April 2011, Volume: 04

15795 MW Highest Ever Capacity Addition in the Power Sector During 2010-11
Sushilkumar Shinde, Union Minister of Power has informed that the highest ever record capacity of 15795 MW has been added in the power sector in the country during 2010-11. The prominent companies which added to the capacity include NTPC, Adani Power, Reliance Power and Tata Power etc.

National Mission for Electric Mobility
The Union Cabinet March 31st approved a proposal to set up a National Mission for Electric Mobility (NCEM) to promote electric mobility and manufacturing of electric vehicles in India. The Cabinet also approved the setting up of a National Board for Electric Mobility (NBEM) by the Department of Heavy Industry. The NCEM will be the apex body in the Government of India for making recommendations in these matters. The National Automotive Board (NAB), after its formation will be the technical advisor and Career Makers

Indian civil servants at the city level too were rated at 8.18, worst than the civil servants at the national level (7.76). “The issue of corruption has grown and overshadowed the second term in office of the Congress-led coalition headed by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh,” said PERC in its Asian Intelligence report on Asian business and politics. The government has been wracked by a series of scandals involving the sale of telecom licenses, preparations for the Commonwealth Games, a land scam involving high level military officers, and improper property loans made by State-owned financial institutions, it pointed out. Though investigations were underway to be followed by court trials, Indians were still questioning whether or not the prime minister has the political muscle to fight graft and whether the actions now being taken were more for show than proof that the government was really cracking down on business practices that were common but corrupt, it said. Prime Minister Singh has been put in such a defensive position that most of his recent statements have been to stress how he has not personally been involved with corruption, even though it appears that almost everyone around him was, observed PERC.

2010 due to floods. However, the Corporation overcame the crisis and was able to commission the first unit so fast. An official statement issued here said the mechanical spinning of unit-1 got accomplished in January this year. Then subsequently the testing and commissioning works machine of unit-I was synchronised with the Northern grid. Koteshwar Hydro-Electric Project is located 22 Km downstream of Tehri Dam on river Bhagirathi. Koteshwar Project is one of the constituents of Tehri. Other constituents of Tehri Power Complex (2400 MW) are Tehri Dam (1000 MW) and PSP (1000 MW). Tehri is already in operation and Tehri PSP is under implementation. It will facilitate the functioning of Tehri Power complex as a major peaking station in Northern Grid. It is run-off the river scheme and will generate 1234 MU of energy annually. The reservoir created by Koteshwar Dam has live storage capacity of 35.0 MCM and will also function as lower (balancing) reservoir of Tehri PSP. This project will also regulate water releases from Tehri Reservoir for irrigation purposes. The other three units will also be completed within the 11th plan. The Koteshwar dam is being built with a revised cost estimate of Rs. 2,466.9 crore.

First unit of Koteshwar power project commissioned
The Tehri Hydro Development Corporation (THDC) has commissioned the first 100 MW unit of the 400 MW Koteshwar Hydro Power project synchronising it with the Northern Grid. The THDC has been able to achieve this feet despite all odds it faced as the project power house had got submerged in September Career Makers

Shortest Budget session in recent years ends
The shortest Budget Session of Parliament in recent years came to a close on March 25 after acrimony over diverse issues ranging from the CVC controversy to the cash-for-votes scam. A highlight of the month-long session having 23 sittings was the setting up of the Joint Parliamentary Committee to probe the 2G spectrum scam, an issue that had washed out the entire Winter 46

Session. The session witnessed uproar over many issues and the Lok Sabha lost over 25 hours due to interruptions followed by adjournments. However, the members made up for the lost time by sitting late for more than 26 hours. In the Rajya Sabha 20 hours were lost due to interruptions and members partly compensated the loss by sitting late for over 12 hours. In view of the “unfortunate logjam” in the previous session, Speaker Meira Kumar expressed satisfaction over the “successful” transaction of the business during this session. After 2006, the Budget Session this year saw the completion of the Budgetary exercise before the end of the current financial year. The second phase of the Budget Session, which was earlier scheduled to start in April, was dispensed with in view of assembly elections in five states. A highpoint of the session was the confrontation between the government and the Opposition over the cash-for-votes scam in the wake of a WikiLeaks report, first accessed by The Hindu daily, which spoke of members being bribed to win the July 2008 trust vote. With elections scheduled in West Bengal, Kerala, Assam, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, the rival sides utilised the session to score points against each other. The BJP found itself isolated when it made Parliamentary Affairs Minister P.K. Bansal a target over the issue of allotment of kiosks in Chandigarh. The evacuation of Indians from troubled Libya, radio collaring of Indian students in an American university, the Income Tax notice to Gujarat Government and attacks on Indian fishermen by Sri Lankan navy also figured prominently in Parliament. April 2011, Volume: 04

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Career Makers

3)

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Corporation tax: (c) a. is a direct tax and it is levied by the State Governments. b. is a indirect tax and it is levied by the State Governments. c. is a direct tax and it is levied by the Union Government. d. is a indirect tax and it is levied by the Union Government. e. is a indirect tax and it is levied by both the Union Government and State Governments. Which of the following constitute the World Bank Group? (d) A. International Bank for Recon-struction and Development (IBRD) B.International Development Association(IDA) C. International Finance Corpora-tion(IFC) D. International Centre for Settle-ment of Investment Disputes-(ICSID) E. International Monetary Fund-(IMF) a. A, C and E b. C, D and E c. D, E and A d. A, B, C and D e. A, B, C, D and E The cause of Inflation is: a. decrease in money supply and rise in production (b) b. increase in money supply and fall in production c. decrease in money supply

AN OBJECTIVE APPROACH TO ALL COMPETITIVE EXAMS

d. rise in production e. None of these 4) Which of the following is an award presented by the government of India for excellence in sports coaching? (c) a) Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award b) Arjuna Award c) Dronacharya Award d) Dhyan Chand Award e) Dadasaheb Phalke Award 5) Which of the following countries co-hosting the world cup cricket 2011?(c) a) India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh b) Pakistan, India and Bangladesh c) India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh d) India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan e) India and Pakistan 6) In which country is Dubai Located? (b) a) Saudi Arabia b) United Arab Emirates c) Iran d) Iraq e) Oman 7) Wall Street, which is associated with stock market, is located in? (e) a) London b) Tokyo c) Berlin d) Mumbai e) None of these 8) Which of the following is a public sector undertaking? a) Wipro (d) b) Reliance

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c) Hindalco d) HAL e) HCL Technologies Currently, how many countries are members of the European Union (EU)? a) 25 (c) b) 26 c) 27 d) 28 e) 29 Arcelor Mittal, the largest steel producing company in the world, based in? (b) a) London b)Luxembourg c) Rome d) Mumbai e) New York Peso is currency of which country? (e) a) Japan b) Brazil c) China d) South Korea e) Argentina Which country is the largest producer of Tea? (e) a) Sri Lanka b) USA c) Brazil d) Cuba e) India "Nestle" is an MNC, deals in? (c) a) Auto b) Textile c) Food processing d) Soft Drinks e) Pharmaceutical Who declares the "Credit Policy" of India? (b) a) Ministry of Finance b) Reserve Bank of India c) Planning Commission d) Finance Commission

April 2011, Volume: 04

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e) National Development Council What is current rate of SLR by RBI? (b) a) 20% b) 24% c) 25% d) 26% e) None of these Gaganjeet Bhullar is associated with? (e) a) Cricket b) Chess c) Football d) Badminton e) Golf Which team won their maiden Ranji Trophy title for the first time in 77 years? a) Baroda (b) b) Rajasthan c) Karnataka d) Kerala e) Punjab Vijay Merchant Trophy is associated with? (a) a) Cricket b) Golf c) Football d) Hockey e) None of these Novak Djokovic, the winner of Australian Open 2011 Men's Singles, belongs to? a) USA (e) b) Germany c) UK d) France e) Serbia Kim Clijsters, the winner of Australian Open 2011 Women's Singles, belongs to? (d) a) France b) Germany c) USA d) Belgium e) None of these Pohang Steel Company (POSCO) is belongs to? a) China (e) b) Japan c) Germany

d) USA e) South Korea 22) The re-elected President of Tanzania? (a) a) Jakaya Kikwete b) Robert Mugabe c) Morgan Tsvangirai d) Jacob Zuma e) Kgalema Motlanthe 23) "Makers of Modern India" is a book written by? (b) a) Arvind Adiga b) Ramchandra Guha c) Vikram Seth d) Chetan Bhagat e) None of these 24) One-rupee currency notes bear the signature of? (d) a) Finance Minister of India b) Governor of RBI c) President of India d) Finance Secretary of India e) Prime Minister of India 25) What is the animal on the insignia of the RBI? (e) a) Lion b) Tiger c) Elephant d) Cow e) Panther 26) Which of the following is the Bankers Bank in India? (c) a) SBI b) Ministry of Finance c) RBI d) IDBI e) ICICI Bank 27) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) was set-up in? (d) a) 1935 b) 1955 c) 1964 d) 1982 e) 1994 28) Which of the following is the premier export finance institution of the country, set up in 1982? (e) a) IDBI Bank b) HDFC Bank
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c) ICICI Bank d) AXIS Bank e) Exim Bank 29) Excise duties are taxes on? a) Import of commodities(d) b) Export of commodities c) Sale of commodities d)Production of commo dities e) None of these 30) Which of the following is not a direct tax? (c) a) Corporation tax b) Income tax c) Sales tax d) Wealth tax e) Gift tax 31) Which of the following is an international prize presented annually by the King of Norway to one or more outstanding mathematicians? (e) a) Nobel Prize b) Templeton Prize c) Pritzker Prize d) Ramon Magsaysay Award e) Abel Prize 32) The winner of Abel Prize for 2011? (a) a) John Willard Milnor b) Robert G. Edwards c) Mario Vargas Llosa d) Liu Xiaobo e) None of these 33) Which of the following is a direct tax? (e) a) Excise Duty b) Sales Tax c) Custom Duty d) Service Tax e) Income Tax 34) Dalal Street is at? (e) a) New Delhi b) New York c) Shanghai d) London e) Mumbai 35) The Headquarters of IMF is in? (e) a) New York b) Geneva
April 2011, Volume: 04

Career Makers

c) Manila d) Brussels e) Washington DC,. 36) Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched? (e) a) West Bengal: Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee b)Kerala: V.S. Achuthanandan c)Tamil Nadu: M. Karunanidhi d) Assam: Tarun Kumar Gogoi e) Puducherry: Ramesh Pokhriyal 37) The Finance Commission is appointed every _____ years or earlier? (a) a) 5 b) 7 c) 8 d) 9 e) 10 38) IRDA stands for ? (c) a)Indian Rural Develo pment Authority b) Inter Rural Development Association c) Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority d)Integrated Rural Development Authority e) None of these 39) Which among the following is Oldest? (a) a) IDBI b) EXIM BANK c) NABARD d) NHB e) SIDBI 40) Which among the following is Oldest? (a) a) RBI b) SEBI c) TRAI d) IRDA e) None of these 41) From which date Banks had implemented the base rate system? (a) a) July 1, 2010 b) August 1, 2010
Career Makers

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c) September 1, 2010 d) October 1, 2010 e) January 1, 2011 Which scheme was launched for the Development of rural India through irrigation, Water supply, Housing, Road, Telephone and electricity? a) NREGS (d) b) JNNURM c) Rajiv Awas Yojna d) Bharat Nirman e) None of these Which of the following prize is often been described as the "Mathematician's Nobel prize"? (e) a) Man Booker Prize b) Pulitzer Prize c) Grammy Award d) Oscar Award e) Abel Prize Which of the following is an indirect tax? (e) a) Income Tax b) Corporate Tax c) Gift Tax d) Wealth Tax e) Service Tax Wall Street is at? (c) a) Mumbai b) Singapore c) New York d) Beijing e) Tokyo The headquarters of World Bank is in? (d) a) Geneva b) Tokyo c) Vienna d) Washington DC e) None of these What is the number of member countries of UNO? a) 27 (d) b) 28 c) 153 d) 192 e) 187 Which of the following is an intergovernmental organization of central
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banks which "fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks? (c) a) IBRD b) IMF c) BIS d) Federal Reserve e) ADB Who is Indra Nooyi? (c) a) CEO of Arcelor Mittal b) CEO of Coca Cola c) CEO of Pepsico d) Chairman of RIL e) Chairman of Reliance Group The new deputy governor of RBI? (b) a) U.K.Sinha b) Anand Sinha c) C.Rangarajan d) Vijay Kelkar e) None of these The Final match of Cricket World Cup 2011 was played in? (c) a) Chennai b) New Delhi c) Mumbai d) Kolkata e) None of these S.P.Sethuraman is asso ciated with? (b) a) Cricket b) Chess c) Badminton d) Football e) None of these The Laureus World Sportsman of the year for 2011 is ? (b) a) Roger Federer b) Rafael Nadal c) Kim Clijsters d) Sachin Tendulkar e) None of these Consider the following? (e) A. International Cricket Council (ICC) is the international governing body of cricket.
April 2011, Volume: 04

B. Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) is responsible for the organisation and governance of football's major international tournaments, most notably the FIFA World Cup. C. International Olympic Comm-ittee (IOC) organizes the modern Olympic Games held in Summer and Winter, every four years. D. International Hockey Federation (FIH), the global governing body for the sport of field hockey. E. Federation Internationale des Echecs (FIDE) or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federa-tions around the world and acts as the governing body of international chess competition. Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct? a) A & B only b) B & C only c) C & D only d) D & E only e) All of the above 55) What is the current rate of Repo Rate? (c) a) 6 % b) 6.5 % c) 6.75 % d) 7 % e) None of these 56) The Shivraj Patil Committee is on? (a) a) 2G Spectrum allocations b) Demolition of the Babri Masjid c)Commonwealth Games irregula-rities d) Gujarat Riots e) None of these
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57) The Indian Railways has inaug-urated Indian first Green Railway Station at? a) Manwal (a) b) Udipi c) Mangalore d) Baroda e) None of these 58) Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal headed by? (b) a) justice B.N.SriKrishna b) Justice Brijesh Kumar c) Justice KG Balakrishnan d) Justice S.H. Kapadia e) Justice P.V.Reddy 59) Al Jazeera TV channel headquartered in? (b) a) Tehran b) Doha c) Riyadh d) Dubai e) None of these 60) Who is the chairperson of National Green Tribunal, a special court environment issues? (a) a) Lokeshwar Singh Patna b) U.K.Sinha c) J.Hari Narayan d) J.S.Sarma e) D.Subbarao 61) Bad loans in banking terminology are generally known as? (c) a) CBS b) PLR c) NPAs d) CRR e) SLR 62) XX Commonwealth Games 2014 will be held in? (d) a) Manchester b) Melbourne c) New Delhi d) Glasgow e) None of these 63) Asian Games-2014 will be held in? (b) a) Guangzho b) Incheon c) New Delhi d) Jakarta e) None of these
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64) Who is sworn in as Brazil's first woman president on January 1, 2011? (a) a) Dilma Rousseff b) Angel Merkel c) Ellen Johnson Sirleaf d) Kamla Persad-Bissessar e) Julia Gillard 65) The Prime Minister of Nepal? (b) a) Ram Baran Yadav b) Jhala Nath Khanal c) Pushpa Kamal Dahal d) Aung San Suu Kyi e) Susilo Bambang Yudho yono 66) G-8 summit 2011 will be held in? (b) a) Canada b) France c) Japan d) Germany e) India 67) United Nations declared the year 2011 as? (b) a) International Year of Potato b) International Year of Chemistry c) International Year of Fresh Water d) International Year of Astronomy e) International Year of Mountains 68) The new chairman of Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)? (a) a) Sudhir Chandra b) S.S.Menon c) U.K.Sinha d) K.V.Kamat e) None of these 69) Which district of Kerala became the second totally electrified district in India? a) Palakkad (b) b) Thrissur c)Thiruvananthapuram d) Kottayam e) Kozhikode 70) Who is the United States's special envoy to
April 2011, Volume: 04

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Afghanistan and Pakistan? a) Richard Holbrooke (b) b) Marc Grossman c) Barack Obama d) Joe Biden e) Hillary Rodham Clinton "Standing My Ground" is the auto biography of ? (b) a) Kapil Dev b) Mathew Hayden c) Steve Waugh d) Andre Agassi e) None of these The chairman of National Commission for Minorities (NCM)? (a) a) Wajahat Habibullah b) K G Balakrishnan c) Girija Vyas d) Vijay Kelkar e) Veerappa Moily Who is U.K.Sinha? (a) a) Chairman of SEBI b) Chairman of IRDA c) Chairman of TRAI d) Chairman of PFRDA e) Chairman of SBI Who are leading the "Giving Pledge" campaign that urges rich people to pledge at least half of their wealth to charity? (a) a) Bill Gates and Warren Buffet b) Sergey M. Brin and Lawrence E. Page c) Mark Zuckerberg and Jack Dorsey d) Lakshmi Mittal and Sunil Mittal e) Mukesh Ambani and Anil Ambani Which of the following pairing is wrong? (e) a) Novak Djokoveic - Serbia b) Andy Murray - Britain c) Kim Clijsters - Belgium d) Daniel Nestor - Canada e) Bob Bryan - France Essam Sharaf has been appointed as Prime Minister of which among the following countries? (b)

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a) Afghanistan b) Egypt c) Maldives d) Mauritius e) None of these Which of the following serves as an apex financing agency for the institutions providing investm-ent and production credit for promoting various develop mental activities in rural areas? (d) a) SIDBI b) IDBI c) NHB d) NABARD e) EXIM Bank Which of the following is an independent financial institution aimed to aid the growth and development of micro, small and mediumscale enterprises in India? a) EXIM Bank (e) b) IFCI c) HDFC d) UTI e) SIDBI Economic Survey 2010-11 was presented by……… in Parliament on February 25, 2011? (c) a) RBI Governor D.Subbarao b) Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh c) Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee d)Railway Minister Mamata Banerjee e) Loksabha Speaker Meira Kumar The State Bank of India (Amendment) Bill-2010, which was passed in the parliament in the later half of 2010, apart from other things, reduces the statutory minimum shareholding of the Central Government in the bank from _____to ______%.
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Which among the following set of figures fills the blank correctly? (b) a) 59, 51 b) 55, 51 c) 51, 50 d) 50, 49 e) None of these India's highest award for lifetime achievement in sports and games? (c) a) Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award b) Arjuna Award c) Dhyan Chand Award d) Dronacharya Award e) Dadasaheb Phalke Award The second highest civilian award in the country? (b) a)Bharat Ratna b)Padma Vibhushan c) Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award d) Dadasaheb Phalke Award e) Param Vir Chakra "Andhra Bank" was founded in? (a) a) 1923 b) 1935 c)1955 d) 1964 e) 1994 The deputy chairman of Planning Commission? (a) a) Montek Singh Ahluwalia b)Manmohan Singh c) C.Rangarajan d) D.Subbarao e) S.S.Menon What is Tejas? (e) a) Anti-tank missile b) Intercontinental range ballistic missile c) Main battle tank d) Supersonic cruise missile e) Light Combat Aircraft
April 2011, Volume: 04

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