Cloudy Days (”C”) Sunny Days (”S”) Total Days (”T”) Proability of Cloudy = C/T Odds of Cloudy = C/S
Seattle 226 139 365 62% 1.63
Example calculation to explain Phoenix 154 terms. “Case-Control” type studies 211 can only use Odds-Ratio calculation. 365 42% Relative Risk = 62%/42% = 1.47 0.73 Odds Ratio = 1.63/0.73 = 2.23
How to read chart lines Upper bounds Study nding Lower bounds
of 95% conf interval
Incidence: The rate of “new cancers diagnosed” in a given period of time. Blinded Study: Researchers are prevented from knowning certain information that might lead to conscious or unconscious bias that could invalidate results.
SAR: Speci c Absorption Rate, a measure of how much the body is absorbing Electro Magnetric Frequencies (EMF) Meta-Analysis: A study of studies, or a pooling of data from many studies from di erent researchers on the same topic.
E ect of Towers
San Francisco
Sutro Tower built 1970s 10x Relative Risk of Cancers Odds Radio of Cancers 8x 6x 4x 2x 10x Relative Risk of Cancers 8x 6x 4x 2x
E ect of Phones
Naila , Germany
Tower built in 1993 10x 8x 6x 4x 2x 6-10 yrs after 0-5 yrs after Odds Radio of Cancers 4x 3x 2x 1x
Salzburg, Austria
Tower built 1984
Interphone Study
Subjects with > 1640 hrs of cell phone use in lifetime Temporal lobe Parietal or frontal lobes Other locations
Meta-Analysis Temporal lobe closest to cell phone Tumor develops on same side as phone use
High Risk Group:
Research Bias
Subjects with 10 Years Cell Phone Usage 4.5 Incidence of Brain Tumors 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5
SD ND
5x Odds Radio of Cancers 2x 1x .5x .2x
Correlation of subs to cancer is independent of income, age, population.
NC CO MA AZ CT MN VA UT RI ID NM MT ME WV DE
US Cell Phone Subscriptions
NY TX
All Cancers
1.35 Avg.
.99 Avg.
All Cancers
2x 1x
All Glioma
2 4 6 km Distance from Sutro tower
>1000
100- 10- <10 1000 100 Exposure to RF (in W/m2) 121
<400m >400m Distance from Tower
Netanya, Israel
Tower built in 1996 Women 10x Relative Risk of Cancers 8x 6x 4x 2x Men
Glioma Meningioma Brain Tumors Brain Tumors
Glioma Brain Tumors 4x (>1640 hrs / lifetime)
Blinded
Unblinded
6
How Long Before In High Risk Group?
1300 min/mo. 826 697 647
Blacks Hispanics Asian / Pac Island Whites
Meta-Analysis
7 Cell Phone Subscriptions
Funding Bias
Score for Rate of Dark Stained Neurons Excess risk of Gliomas
100x Relative Risk of Cancers Brain Cancers (Children) 10x
100x Odds Ratio of Cancers
6
Yrs
Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage in Rats
2
3x Years Before Accumulating 1640 Hrs of Cell Phone Use
10 12 13
2x Higher Statistical Con dence IndependentlyFunded Research Industry-Funded Research
10x
Brain Cancers
1x
1
2x
2x
Latency Period Before Diagnosis
<350m Neighboring Town from Tower (No Tower) Meta-Analysis Smoking initiation 10 20 30 In Years Lung cancer 60 70 40 50
-5x
2 4 6 km Distance from Sutro tower
>1000
100- 10- <10 1000 100 Exposure to RF (in W/m2)
0 200 20 2 SAR (mW/kg) 0
First asbestos exposure
Mesothelioma
5x 10x Relative Risk of Cancers 8x 6x 4x 2x 2 4 6 km Distance from Sutro tower Relative Risk of Cancers Leukemia/Lymphoma Odds Ratio of Cancers 25x 4x 20x 15x 10x 5x >1000 100- 10- <10 1000 100 Exposure to RF (in W/m2) Breast Cancers
Leukemia
Occupational exposure to dyes Childhood Leukemia Bladder tumors
Brain Absorption of Cell Phone RF
100 80
Male Fertility
Sperm Motility Sperm Count
3x 2x 1x
Chernobyl accident (Infants)
Thyroid Carcenoma
60 40 20
Mobile Cell Subscriptions Per 100 Inhabitants (World) 78% 12% >0.4 ? Research Bias study: Moskowitz et al Published Nov 2009 Jrnl of Clinical Oncology Funding Bias study: Lloyd Morgan Published Nov 2005
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 0.20.10.4 0.2 Exposure to EMF (in T) Interphone study: Naila, Germany study: San Francisco (Sutro) study: Salzburg, Austria Case-Control study: Wolfram Konig, President of German Federal Agency Published May 2010 Dr. Cherry, Lincoln University, New Zealand, 2002Dr. Gerd Oberfeld, Public Health Dept on Radiation Protection International Jrnl of Epidemiology Data from 1973-1988. N=60,686 Data from 1987-1997. N=1309 Data from 1994-2004. N=967 Cancer latency (Wells et al 2001, Lando et al 1999, Published by Austrian Govt Jan 1, 2008 Published in Unwelt-Medizin-Gesellschaft US Cell Phone Subs vs Brain Tumors Goldblatt 1949, Case et al 1954 ) Leukemia study: Netanya, Israel study: Lehrer et al, Mount Sinai Medical Center Average Minutes of Use per Month in USA: Ahlborn et al Dr. Ronni & Danny Wolf, Kaplan Medical Center Data from 2000-2004 Nielsen, Aug 2010 Published 2000 Data from 1997-1998. N=622 Published in Jounral of Neurooncology British Journal of Cancer Published in Intl Jrnl of Cancer Prevention, Apr 2004
>4
2-4
<2
0
Hours per day with cell phone Brain-Blood Barrier study: Salford et al Published Jun 2003 Environmental Health Perspectives Male Fertility study: Agarwal et al Published Jan 2008 Fertility and Sterility