Cell Structure and Function

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Cell Structure and Function
1) All Organisms are Made of Cells
The cell is the basic unit of structure & functionThe cell is the smallest unit that can
still carry on all life processes.
Both unicellular (one celled) and multicellular (many celled) organisms are composed
of cells. Before the 17th century, no one knew cells existed. Most cells are too small to
be seen with the naked eye
In the early 17th century microscopes were invented & cells were seen for the 1st
time.
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek, he saw first living single celled organisms (animalcules)
In 1665, an English scientist named Robert Hooke made an improved microscope and
viewed thin slices of cork viewing plant cell walls. Hooke named what he saw "cells"
In the 1830’s, Matthias Schleiden (botanist studying plants) & Theodore Schwann
(zoologist studying animals) stated that all living things were made of cells
In 1855, Rudolf Virchow stated that cells only arise from pre-existing cells
Virchow’s idea contradicted the idea of spontaneous generation (idea that nonliving
things could give rise to organisms)
The combined work of Schleiden, Schwann, & Virchow is known as the Cell Theory
2) The Cell Theory
(Shwann | Shleiden | Virchow )
1. Every living organism is made of one or more cells
2. Cells are the functional unit of multicellular organisms
3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells
Types of Cells

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 Prokaryotes (Pro=before, karyo=nucleus)

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 Prokaryotic cells are less complex
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 They are Unicellular

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 They do not have a nucleus & no membrane-bound organelles

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 Most have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane & a single, looped
chromosome (genetic material) in the cytoplasm
 Include bacteria & blue-green bacteria

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 Eukaryotes (Eu=true, karyo=nucleus)

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1) More complex cells

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2) Includes both unicellular & multicellular organisms

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3) Do have a true nucleus & membrane-bound organelles

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4) Organelles are internal structures in cell’s that perform specific functions

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5) Organelles are surrounded by a single or double membrane

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6) Entire eukaryotic cell surrounded by a thin cell membrane that controls what
enters & leaves the cell

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7) Nucleus is located in the center of the cell

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8) The nucleus contains the genetic material (DNA) & controls the cell’s activities

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9) Eukaryotes include plant cells, animal cells, fungi, algae, & protists
10) Prokaryotes or bacteria lack a nucleus
11) Found in the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, & Animalia
There are three main parts of Eukaryotic cell. These are;

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a) Cell Membrane,

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b) Cytoplasm,

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c) Nucleus
 Cell Membrane :A Separates the cytoplasm of the cell from its environment
B. Protects the cell & controls what enters and leaves
C. Cell membranes are selectively permeable only allowing certain materials to enter
or leave

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‘Life is Cellular’ worksheet
1. The discovery of the cell was possible due to the invention of
the_____________________
2. Who was the first person to see cells? __________________________________________
3. Why did he call them cells? __________________________________________________
4. List the three components of the CELL THEORY
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
6.
 Define nucleus:
___________________________________________________________
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 Cells are categorized depending on whether or not they have a
_____________________

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 The Greek word "eu" means _____________ whereas "pro" means
_________________

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 What type of organisms are prokaryotes?
______________________________________
 Eukaryotic cells are [smaller | larger] than prokaryotes.

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