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When Power on the Router then First it will do POST (Power on Self Test ) . The POST analyze Hardware Component of Router . It verify that all Router interface properly working or not . After the POST it will boot itself with help of Program which is store in ROM.
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OSPF (Open Shortest Path First )
Open Shortest path First (OSPF ) is a Link state Routing Protocol . It is Open standard Routing protocol that means can support any Vendors unlike EIGRP. OSPF use Dijkstra algorithm to find the Shortest path First in the network. Link state protocol update Routing table when change accure in the Routing topology and then it create Link state Advertisement (LSA) . OSPF support Classless IP address.
OSPF Feature OSPF support Classless OSPF provide fast conversion comparison to RIP OSPF allow scalability OSPF Support VLSM/CIDR OSPF is a Open standard protocol which support multiple vendor deployment . OSPF has Unlimited hop Count.
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Different between Public IP Address and Privet IP address
Public IP address Public IP address is a address that can be accessible by everyone over the Internet. Public IP address provide by the ISP (Internet service Provider). ISP responsible for the registering IP address rang to provide the Orgnization.
Privet IP Address Privet IP address assign to the Local Area network which can be accessible only with in the Local area network . Its can be access by outside of Local area network.
Rang of Privet area network Class A 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 Class B 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 Class C 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
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How to configure Static Routing protocol in cisco Router
Static Routing In static routing Network administrator
Manually assign IP address to each router. Syntax Router(config)#ip route <Destination network> <subnetmask> <Next hope IP address>
How to Configure VLAN in Cisco switch
VLAN is Stand for Virtual LAN. It means device logically divided in to different 2 LAN . Its improve security and reliability of your network. Switch create logical broadcast domain to each VLAN.
VLAN Creation in Switch 1
switch1>en switch1# conf t switch2#vlan database switch1(vlan)# vlan 10
switch1>en switch1# conf t switch1(config)# int vlan 10 switch1(configif)# ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 switch1(configif)# no shut switch1(configif)# exit switch1(config)# int vlan 20 switch1(configif)# ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 switch1(configif)# no shut switch1(configif)# exit switch1(config)# exit
Assign IP address to the VLAN
switch2>en switch2# conf t switch2(config)# int vlan 10 switch2(configif)# ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 switch2(configif)# no shut switch2(configif)# exit switch2(config)# int vlan 20 switch2(configif)# ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 switch2(configif)# no shut switch2(configif)# exit
Assign Switch Port to VLAN
switch2#conf t switch2(config)#int f0/2 switch1(configif)# switchport mode access switch2(configif)#switchport access vlan 10 switch2(configif)#int f0/3
Show VLAN information in switch 2
switch2# sh vlan VLAN Name Status Ports 1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/6, Fa0/7Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20 Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24 Gig1/1, Gig1/2 10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/2, Fa0/3 20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/4, Fa0/5
In this information port Fa0/2 and Fa0/3 are define for VLAN 10 , and Port Fa0/4 and Fa0/5 are define for VLAN 20
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Difference between Hub and Switch
HUB HUB is a least expansive device. It used to connect segment of a LAN. When frame come to a port then hub transmit that frame to all outgoing port. It is a half duplex device.
Open shortest path first(OSPF)
Open shortest path first(OSPF) is a link state routing protocol and open standard protocol mean to say that it can be used with any vendor not like EIGRP . it is interior gateway routing protocol used to distribute routing information with in an autonomous system. In OSPF if changed occur in the network then router will multicasts the routing information to all the nodes in the network . so that all nodes will be the same routing information .
OSPF uses Dijkstra uses algorithm to find the best route in the network to forward packet from source to destination . it is uses SPF tree for route calculation to find the neighbor . OSPF Properties: It is classless so it support VLSM/CIDR. It has unlimited Hop count. It is support multiple vendor . Minimizing routing update traffic. Allow scalability. Its A.D value 110. It support equal cast load balancing . It is also support authentication.
Enhance interior gateway protocol(EIGRP)
Enhance interior gateway protocol(EIGRP) is a balance hybrid protocol and also cisco properties protocol it means this protocol only can support Cisco environment or Cisco devices . to find the best path it uses lowest metric if the Router has multiple link then the best path is selected on the basis of the lowest metric. it is include the subnetmask in its routing update .
Routing Information protocol (RIP)
Routing information protocol (RIP) is a Distance vector protocol which used to find the best path based on the hope count in the network . RIP perform routing only single autonomous system because it is a interior gateway protocol . Number of hops in the RIP is limited that why it prevent from routing looping because no of hops will exceed (means 16 hop) considered as unreachable . RIP has max number of hop 15. In which path of remote network number of hops will be less that path considered as best path for route packet to the destination .
what is Routing loop
Routing loop is a common problem occur in the network during forwarding packet from source to destination . Routing loop is a condition in which packet is continually moving in the circle without reaching destination . its happen due to miss communication , incorrect information update in the routing table and it can be miss configuration of router . mostly its happen in the large network because any link goes down and not inform to source router. about the link goes down.
What is Routing Protocol
There are three classes of Routing protocol 1 Distance vector: Those protocol which is find the best path to a remote network on the basis of distance vector protocol and the vector indicate the direction . The route Route consider as a best Route which is with least number of Hope(Router). Distance vector Routing protocol send all routing table in routing update but only neighbor Router .
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What is Dynamic Routing
A type of Routing in which protocol are used to find best and shortest path for route the data for the destination and also used to find network and dynamically update Routing table. Dynamic Routing protocol also support application software which are running on the router . there are several protocol using in the dynamic routing which is known as Routing
What is Default Routing
Default Routing used only in a stub network which has only one exit interface in this type of Routing administrator dose not has knowledge of the destination but it must know the next hope address . it is mainly used that type of routing which has slower link. It has very less security.
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what is Static Routing
In Static Routing administrator has knowledge about their network so he manually define the route in the routing table for routing packet from source to destination . Advantage of static routing: There is no overhead on the CPU of Router so we can use cheap router This is secure routing
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CCNP
Cisco certified network professionals (CCNP) is a second level of CISCO certification exam which is offer by Cisco system .Requirement for CCNP exam should be passed of Cisco certified network associates (CCNA) exam . CCNA certification is valid for 3 years if within 3 year CCNP certification will no do then CCNA certification will be expire. Now days three CCNP specialization offered by CISCO : CCNP certification is considered proof that certified person would be able for work in the network infrastructure . There is 3 part of CCNP Routing
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OSI Model
The OSI Model (Open system interconnection model) have 7 layer each layer is responsible for data communication in network. Layer is a smaller part of communication system. The layer are divided in to part upper layer and lower layer. The upper layer responsible for user application how file are represent on the computer and lower layer responsible for how to communication between network. Each layer receive service from its lower layer.
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