Communicable Disease Table (GROUP2 BSN IIIB) (2)
Content
Disease AIDS
Causative agent
Incuba tion period 5-10 years
Communica ble days Entire course of illness
Mode of Transmission needles, mother to fetus, blood, unprotected sex *Found in: blood, saliva, semen, va inal dischar e, breastmil!, tears direct0 indirect contact 6hru soil contaminated by human feces containin hoo!/orm ova s!in infection: contact /ith tissue %un infection : airborne ;"6:in estion
Diagnostic
Pathognomonic sign Fati ue, anorexia, dyspnea
Treatment
Precaution
Type of Immunity after the dse )o immunity to &"*$
Vector name/carrier "nfected Humans
Human immunodeficienc y virus
H"# antibody test $creenin : E%"$& 'onfirmator y : (estern blot $tool exam $erolo ic exam $tool exam
$ymptomatic
Blood/body fluids
Amoebiasis +amoebic dysentery,
Entamoeba hystolitica
--. /ee!s
Entire duration of illness Entire duration of illness )o evidence of direct spread from person to person9 &rticles and soil contaminate d /ith spores may remain infective for years = months after infection up until about 1
*iarrhea /ith alternatin constipation, eructations, fever, anorexia #oracious appetite7 8ot belly Hemorrha ic 1ediastinitis
1etronida2ole 3fla yl4 'hloro5uine 'ombantrine0 antiox
isolation
$hort-lived immunity
$tools containin the or anism round/orms
An ylostomiasis !"oo #orm disease$
&ncylostoma duodenale
1-days
enteric
&rtificial active
Anthra% 3mali nant edemia0mali nant pustule0 moulster dse90 ra pic!er dse94
:acillus anthracis
Fe/ hours1 day
&nthrax blood tests $!in tests <espiratory secretion tests $erolo ic and *)& tests
)one
<espiratory (ound and $!in precaution Enteric
)atural active0 prolon ed immunity
"nfected animals and products 'ontaminated soil
Ascariasis &scaris lumbricoides &bout 10 days
6hru soil contamina-ted by human feces and contamina-ted food and /ater
$tool exam
#oracious appetite7 8ot belly
'ombantrine0 antiox
enteric
&rtificial passive
/orms
year
&acterial Meningitis )eisseria menin itidis --> days
?ntil menin ococ ci are not present in the mouth and nasal dischar es
*roplet
%umbar puncture
)uchal ri idity @erni As si n :rud2ins!iA s si n Bpisthotoni c position Foul fishy odor
8enicillin
respiratory
)one
Endo enous or anisms
&acterial vaginitis ;ardanella va inalis Candidiasis 'andida albicans *'aused by ti ht clothin and humid /eather =-5 days ?ntil 'andida albicans is present *irect0sexual contact (et mount: $crapin s obtained from s!in, nails, oral or va inal mucosa *irect exam of cells7 en2yme lin!ed 6ourni5uet test 3D4 ':' hema lutin ation test (omen: thic!, curdy, cheeseli!e dischar e /ith offensive odor 8ainful coitus *1en: urethritis, dysuria *(omen: thic! va inal dischar e /0 acrid color %ate afternoon fever )ystatin 3mycostatin4 'ontact )one )ormal flora of the di estive and uro enital tracts of humans --10 days ?ntil the causative a ent is still present *irect contact #a inal pH C .95 1etronida2ole 'ontact none (omen
Chlamydia 'hlamydia trichomatis 1-1= days ?ntil the disease is still present
1ucous membrane7 $exual contact
ttt /0 *oxycycline0 6etracycline
'ontact
)one
"nfected mother 1E)
Dengue "emorrhagic 'ever
*HF 1 *HF = *HF *HF .
.-> days
)ot !no/n but the patient cans pass it throu h mos5uito and blood /hile still febrile
bite of infected Aedes aegypti mos5uito
$ymptomatic
'ontact
)one: patient may develop antibodies but may be infected by stron er strain
Aedes aegypti
Diphtheria 'orynebacterium diptherine =-5 days 1-= days in tttd pts9 =-. /!s in untttd pts )ot !no/n but presumed till 3D4 stool culture 1- /ee!s or until stool culture is 3-4
*irect contact of mouth secretions, "ndirect contact thru contaminated articles Fecal-oral thru contaminated food and /ater 6hru anal-oral transmission of e s0 indirect transmission from contaminated clothin 0beddin s 0food mos5uito bite
$chic!As 6est 1oloneyAs 6est 'ulture of stool0vomitu s $tool exam
8haryn eal lymphadenitis
8enicillin Erythromycin
'utaneous: contact 8haryn eal: strict
&rtificial &ctive
'ontaminated mouth secretions and articles such as toys food and /ater /hich is contaminate /ith #ibrio 'holerae 8in/orm, 6hread/orm or $eat/orm
(l Tor !Cholera$ #ibrio cholerae 1-days .-> /ee!s
<ice /atery stools (asher /omanAs hands )octurnal anal itchiness
6etracycline 8enicillin 8%< 'ombantrine0 antiox
&rtificial active enteric 6here is no immunity for enterobius vermicularis
(nterobiasis Enterobius vermicularis
enteric
'ilariasis !elephantiasis$
(uchecheria bancrofti
E-1> months
"nfectious to the vector mos5uitoes for as lon as microfilariae remain circulatin in the peripheral blood, may be up to 5 years =-F /ee!s
)octurnal blood examination &ssessment of symptoms
%ymphadenitis
Hetro2amor *iethylcarbama 2ine citrate 3*E'4
enteric
&ctive
Aedes paecillus
)enital herpes Human herpes virus )onorrhea +clap, drip, =-1. days
1ucous membrane0 s!in7 con enital 1ucous membrane0 s!in7 con enital
*irect exam of cells7 H$# antibodies 'ulture and sensitivity from cervix or urethra
8ainful vesicular enital lesions 1en: urethral dischar e (omen: va inal dischar e
)o cure but can ive acyclovir0 valacyclovir 3valtrex4 8enicillin
"nfected human contact &ctive
)eisseria onorrhea
=-10 days post coitus
Ends /ithin hours if /ith effective treatment
'ontact
6here is no immunity to ;onorrhea
"nfected Human
Influen*a "nfluen2a virus &,:,' "erpes +oster !Shingles$ 1-days 6ill 5th day of illness
*irect contact thru airborne route - *irect thru droplet infection -"ndirect thru infected articles $exual intercourse, percutaneous, perinatal Se$ual intercourse% needles
<espiratory Bropharyn eal s/ab culture #esicular smear $nee2in , fever &mantidine H'l 3$ymmetrel4
&ctive
"nfected Human
&ctive :urnin , itchy pain <amsay-Hunt syndrome Fati ue, anorexia, dyspnea &urplish lesions on skin and mucus membranes $ymptomatic tx strict
#aricella Goster virus
1-= /!s
?ntil the last crust has fallen off Entire duration of the condition #ntire duration of the condition
"nfected Human
"uman immunodeficiency virus !"IV$ ,aposi-s sarcoma
<etrovirus Cause is unknown but occurs primarily in individuals with compromised immune system (AIDS) 1ycobacterium leprae
5-10 years !" years
E%"$& (estern blot
&ntiretroviral dru s Chemotherapy (I'% Intraarterial% Intralesion)
'ontact
There is no immunity to HIV. (here is no immunity to )aposi*s Sarcoma
isolation and use fluid precautions9 "nfected human
biopsy
Blood/body fluids
.eprosy +HansenAs disease,
1-5 years
&s lon as there are open lesions
*roplet infection
$mears7 %epromie s!in test7 1itsuda reaction :lood, '$F, urine culture & lutinatio n test
8aralysis7 'ontact dermatitis7 %esions
- <ifampicin dapsone -1ultibacillary: rifampicin dapsone lamprene 8enicillin 6etracyclines
none strict
"nfected human7 armadillos are suspected to be vectors
.eptospirosis +mud fever, +s/ineherdAs disease, +/ellAs fever,
%eptospira pyro enes
>-15 days
)one but leptospires are found in the ptAs urine bet9 10-=0 days after onset
*irect contact 3brea! in the s!in4 thru a contaminated /ater
#ery hi h fever 1yal ia
contact
)one
mice
.yme-s disease $pirochete borrella bur dorferi none 6ic! bites :ullAs eye rash no treatment contact none *eer tic!s
Malaria +marsh fever, +palludism, +s/ineherdAs disease,
8lasmodium vivax &nopheles mos5uito
p9 vivax: 1F days to several years 1.-=E days
89 vivax : -5 days
19 8erson-person thru mos5uito bite =9parente- rally -9 maternal blood to infant .9 transpla-cental - person to person - droplet infection )ot directly transmitted from person to person
a9 blood smear b9 malarial parasite c9 spleenic biopsy :lood exam #iral culture
Hepatome aly $pleenome aly
'hloro5uine 19 .amino5uin olones =9 8rima5uine -9 $ulfonamid es $ymptomatic tx
'ontact
none
&nopheles 1inimus Flavirostis
Mumps 8aramyxovirus
F days before and H days after the parotid lands s/ell =0 years
parotitis
respiratory
)atural &ctive &c5uired )atural &ctive &c5uired
"nfected persons
Paragonomiasis
-8ara omonimus (estermani-asia -8ara onimus $iamenser -8ar ominus heterotrema &hthirus pubis
> /ee!s
$tool exam
#oracious appetite pot belly
'ombatrine or antiox 8ra2i5uentrel
Enteric
%un Flu!e
Pediculosis pubis (Pubic lice)
+! days
Pertussis 3/hoopin cou h4
:ordetella 8ertussis
F-1. days
As lon, as lice/e,, remain alive on infested person F days after exposure to - /!s after onset of typical paroxysyms variable
se$ual intercourse% close physical contact
Scrapin,
Severe itchin,
)etocona-ole .indane Ben-yl ben-oate
Contact
/o immunity to pediculosis pubis
.ice
*irect contact from droplet spread 2nknown3 not transmitted from person to person direct0 indirect contact
'ou h plate culture
Forceful explosive cou hin
Erythromycin &mpicillin
<espiratory
&rtificial active &c5uired
"nfected Humans
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia
&neumocystis carinii
0!1 month s
Sputum culture
rusty sputum
Poliomyelitis +infantile paralysis,
%e io debilitants
F-1. days
1ost conta ious a fe/ days before and after onset of symptoms
%umbar testin 8andyAs test 1uscle testin
Flaccid paralysis HoyneAs si n
Antibiotics 4ucolytics #$pectorants 8olio vaccine immuni2ation, anal esics, a9 sabin b9 sac! 3attenuated vaccine4
5espiratory
/atural Active
6un,us
enteric
&rtificial active
'ontaminated secretions0 Humans
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
1ycobacterium tuberculosis
=-10 /!s
"f not under oin any treatment *o s I cats: From --5 days before the onset of symptoms until the entire course of illness
droplet
$putum exam - History of exposure 1icroscopic exam - *evAt of symptoms Fluorescent rabies antibody 3F<&4 techni5ue Hema luti nation test
Hemoptysis, mucupurulent sputum - sta es: 8rodromalbody malaise b9 Excitementapprehensio n c9 6erminaldie /ithin a day a9
<ifampicin "sonia2id 8yra2inamide Ethambutol $treptomycin $ymptomatic 3antirabies4
&irborne precaution $trict isolation
)atural active &c5uired immunity &ctive
"nfected human $tray animals and /ildlife
/abies +hydrophobia disease, +lyssa, 6ypes: $treet virus-from do Fixed virus- from humans
<abies virus
*o s Icats: 1 /ee!FJ mos9 1an: .-E /ee!s
-from saliva of rabied animal
/ubella !)erman Measles$ * - *ay measles /ubeola !Measles$ 0F days measles
<ubella virus
10-=1 days
Entire course of illness 5th day of the "8 until 1st day of rash %ess than =1 days
&irborne droplet nuclei or close contact - *roplet infxn - "ndirect thru contaminated articles /0 respi secretions - *roplet spread7 - 'lose personperson contact
ForcheimerAs spot
$ymptomatic tx
*roplet precaution
)atural active &c5uired immunity )atural active ac5uired immunity )o immunity
"nfected humans
humans
1easles virus 3paramyxovirusfilterable virus4 'orona virus
F days
Hema luti nation test
@opli!As spots $timsonAs line
$ymptomatic tx
respiratory
SA/S --F days
6hroat s/ab
Hi h rade fever
Bseltamivir
5#S&I5A(75 8 /"9 4AS)/ S25:ICA. 4AS) contact
&nimal species sold in mar!et 3e9 9 masled palm civet cat47 humans House dust mites
Scabies $arcoptes scabie =. hours =. hours *irect0 sexual contact *Found in axilla, /rist, nipple, enitals, fin ers 4ainly contact with respiratory droplets of infected person 'ulture 1icroscopic examination "tchin , scarrin
Scarlet 'ever Streptococcus pyro,enes 0!1 days 0;!10 days
Blood tests% #S5
5ash% sore throat% fever <strawberry
- %indane 3@/ell4: apply to all body parts - :en2yl ben2oate - :enadryl penicillin
6here is no immunity to scabies (here is no immunity to scarlet fever=
strict
Fomites
or carrier=
ton,ue>
Schistosomiasis +snail fever, +blood flu!e, Shigellosis !Dysentery$
$chistosoma Kaponicum $hi ella dysenteriae
&t least = months --. days
= days
1-. /!s
*irect penetration to cercaria to the s!in "n estion of contaminated food and /ater
*irect fecal smear none
$/immerAs itch
6artar emetic $tibuphen 8ra2i5uantel &mpicillin 'otrimoxa2ole 'hloramphenic ol *5%< &mpicillin7 8rocaine penicillin for adults but usually crystalline penicillin for children9 &nticonvulsants for infants 8enicillin *9 8E$
contact
&rtificial active
$nail
6enesmus &bdominal colic!y pain <usty sputum, fever and chills, chest indra/in
enteric
&rtificial active
'ontaminated food, fin ers, flies, feces and fomites 'hildren and adults /ith chronic respiratory diseases
Streptoccocal Pneumonia
$treptococcus pneumoniae
1-days
?ntil dischar es of mouth and nose no lon er contain virulent pneumococc i in si nificant number ?p to = years7 as lon as there is a presence of infected lesions 6ape/orm persist for up to -0 years
Syphilis 6reponema pallidum H-H0 days
*roplet spread, direct oral contact, or indirectly throu h articles freshly soiled /ith respiratory dischar es9 8erson to person transmission is common sexual, perinatal, blood borne
C?#S( @5A8% ABC C72/(% S&2(24 C2.(25#
&rtificial active strict
*ar!field exam7 (asserman test7 serolo ic tests $tool exam
'han!er7 candyloma7 umma
contact
)o vaccine available
"nfected person
Taeniasis 6aenia sa inata: beef 6aenia solium: por! *iphyllobithrium letum: fish tape/orm 5-1= /ee!s
"n estion of poorly coo!ed, contaminated por! or beef7
)one #oracious appetite7 8ot belly 'ombantrine0an tiox enteric 6ape/orm
Tetanus 'lostridium tetany - days/ee!s &vera e: 10 days 0 month
&s lon as pores are viable
direct0 indirect contact of infected /ound
'ulture puncture /ound
%oc! Ka/ $ardonic smile Bpisthotonus 1uscle spasms
)o treatment *ia2epam*B'
contact
6";-artificial passive
?nsterile instruments7 soil and dust /ith pores7 feces
Trichomoniasis (richomonas va,inalis
#ntire duration of infection
se$ual contact
'a,inal secretion smear3 va,inal p? BC=9 $tool exam
4alodorous ,reenish!yellow dischar,e
4etronida-ole (fla,yl)
contact
/one
&roto-oa% infected person
Trichonosis 6richinella spiralis Typhoid 'ever $almonella typhii 10-=0 days &s lon as bacteria are excreted ?ntil the crust has fallen off 'ommunica ble for life 1-= /ee!s &s lon as round /orms are viable
"n estion of uncoo!ed por!
#oracious appetite7 8ot belly <ose $pots
'ombantrine0an tiox
enteric
none
<ound /orms
"n estion of contamina-ted food and /ater *irect droplet infection7 "ndirect thru linens I fomites 1ucous membrane7 $exual contact7 con enital fecal-oral
(indal test
'hloramphenic ol 'otrimoxa2ole &cyclovir
enteric
Bnly artificially ac5uired immunity 3vaccine4 )atural &ctive &c5uired "mmunity 6here is no immunity to venereal /arts )atural &ctive &c5uired "mmunity Bnly artificially ac5uired immunity 3vaccine4
Human, flies, fomites
Varicella +oster !Chic en Po%$
Herpes virus varicellae
0-=1 days
&ntibody titers
1aculopapulo rash
strict
"nfected Human, fomites
Venereal #arts !Condylomata acuminata$ "epatitis A H0L pro nosis "epatitis & 15 L pro nosis
Human papilloma virus
1-months
*irect exam7 biopsy
'auliflo/er li!e cluster on perineum0va ina0 penis )ausea, vomitin , fati ue 1yal ia &rthral ia
$ilver sulfide and cautery @etocona2ole
'ontact
"nfected Human
Hep & virus
15-50 days .E-1E0 days
F *&M$ BF B)$E6 BF N&?)*"'E F *&M$ BF B)$E6 BF N&?)*"'E
$tool culture
"#F &%8H&")6E<FE<B) %&1"#?*")E &*EFB#"<
enteric
"nfected Human, fly "nfected Human
Hep : virus
:lood0body fluids
':', Hbs &
enteric
"epatitis C Hep ' virus "epatitis D 15 L pro nosis 1.-1E0 days 1.-5> days
F *&M$ BF B)$E6 BF N&?)*"'E 6hou ht to be most infectious before the onset of symptoms From 1. days after the appearance of Kaundice for a further = /ee!s9 F *&M$ BF B)$E6 BF N&?)*"'E
:lood0body fluids :lood0body fluids
':'
hepatome aly
H*#
':'
1yal ia, arthral ia
8E;M%&6E* ")6E<FE<B) ("6H <":&#"<") &%8H&")6E<FE<B) ;&11& ;%B:?%")
)o immunity enteric &rtificial &ctive enteric
"nfected :lood and blood products contaminated /ith H*# "nfected Human, possibly mon!eys, pi s, co/s, rodents, sheep or oats
"epatitis ( M1T: H0L pro nosis
HE#
15->. days
fecal-oral
$tool exam
&bdominal pain
"#F
enteric
)atural &ctive &c5uired "mmunity
"epatitis ' F5L pro nosis "epatitis ) F5L pro nosis
HF#
1.-=0 days
fecal-oral
':'
&symptomatic
'orticosteroids enteric
)o "mmunity for Hepatitis F 6here is no vaccine yet for H;#
"nfected stool of post-transfusion :lood and blood products contaminated /ith H;#
H;#
:lood0body fluids
':'
<ashes
'orticosteroids enteric
$ubmitted by: %evel """-: ;roup =
& uiman, @arla 1ae *avid, Nan &riel
Felisilda, <i2el &nn Fuertes, )icole &n eli5ue Hernande2, Names &drian @evin %avador, @im 'arla %una, Emmie %ou Gyrxs 1asnayon, Nac5ueline Francine 6utor, Fiel &n elie ?sman, Bmar $hariff
Causative agent
Incuba tion period 5-10 years
Communica ble days Entire course of illness
Mode of Transmission needles, mother to fetus, blood, unprotected sex *Found in: blood, saliva, semen, va inal dischar e, breastmil!, tears direct0 indirect contact 6hru soil contaminated by human feces containin hoo!/orm ova s!in infection: contact /ith tissue %un infection : airborne ;"6:in estion
Diagnostic
Pathognomonic sign Fati ue, anorexia, dyspnea
Treatment
Precaution
Type of Immunity after the dse )o immunity to &"*$
Vector name/carrier "nfected Humans
Human immunodeficienc y virus
H"# antibody test $creenin : E%"$& 'onfirmator y : (estern blot $tool exam $erolo ic exam $tool exam
$ymptomatic
Blood/body fluids
Amoebiasis +amoebic dysentery,
Entamoeba hystolitica
--. /ee!s
Entire duration of illness Entire duration of illness )o evidence of direct spread from person to person9 &rticles and soil contaminate d /ith spores may remain infective for years = months after infection up until about 1
*iarrhea /ith alternatin constipation, eructations, fever, anorexia #oracious appetite7 8ot belly Hemorrha ic 1ediastinitis
1etronida2ole 3fla yl4 'hloro5uine 'ombantrine0 antiox
isolation
$hort-lived immunity
$tools containin the or anism round/orms
An ylostomiasis !"oo #orm disease$
&ncylostoma duodenale
1-days
enteric
&rtificial active
Anthra% 3mali nant edemia0mali nant pustule0 moulster dse90 ra pic!er dse94
:acillus anthracis
Fe/ hours1 day
&nthrax blood tests $!in tests <espiratory secretion tests $erolo ic and *)& tests
)one
<espiratory (ound and $!in precaution Enteric
)atural active0 prolon ed immunity
"nfected animals and products 'ontaminated soil
Ascariasis &scaris lumbricoides &bout 10 days
6hru soil contamina-ted by human feces and contamina-ted food and /ater
$tool exam
#oracious appetite7 8ot belly
'ombantrine0 antiox
enteric
&rtificial passive
/orms
year
&acterial Meningitis )eisseria menin itidis --> days
?ntil menin ococ ci are not present in the mouth and nasal dischar es
*roplet
%umbar puncture
)uchal ri idity @erni As si n :rud2ins!iA s si n Bpisthotoni c position Foul fishy odor
8enicillin
respiratory
)one
Endo enous or anisms
&acterial vaginitis ;ardanella va inalis Candidiasis 'andida albicans *'aused by ti ht clothin and humid /eather =-5 days ?ntil 'andida albicans is present *irect0sexual contact (et mount: $crapin s obtained from s!in, nails, oral or va inal mucosa *irect exam of cells7 en2yme lin!ed 6ourni5uet test 3D4 ':' hema lutin ation test (omen: thic!, curdy, cheeseli!e dischar e /ith offensive odor 8ainful coitus *1en: urethritis, dysuria *(omen: thic! va inal dischar e /0 acrid color %ate afternoon fever )ystatin 3mycostatin4 'ontact )one )ormal flora of the di estive and uro enital tracts of humans --10 days ?ntil the causative a ent is still present *irect contact #a inal pH C .95 1etronida2ole 'ontact none (omen
Chlamydia 'hlamydia trichomatis 1-1= days ?ntil the disease is still present
1ucous membrane7 $exual contact
ttt /0 *oxycycline0 6etracycline
'ontact
)one
"nfected mother 1E)
Dengue "emorrhagic 'ever
*HF 1 *HF = *HF *HF .
.-> days
)ot !no/n but the patient cans pass it throu h mos5uito and blood /hile still febrile
bite of infected Aedes aegypti mos5uito
$ymptomatic
'ontact
)one: patient may develop antibodies but may be infected by stron er strain
Aedes aegypti
Diphtheria 'orynebacterium diptherine =-5 days 1-= days in tttd pts9 =-. /!s in untttd pts )ot !no/n but presumed till 3D4 stool culture 1- /ee!s or until stool culture is 3-4
*irect contact of mouth secretions, "ndirect contact thru contaminated articles Fecal-oral thru contaminated food and /ater 6hru anal-oral transmission of e s0 indirect transmission from contaminated clothin 0beddin s 0food mos5uito bite
$chic!As 6est 1oloneyAs 6est 'ulture of stool0vomitu s $tool exam
8haryn eal lymphadenitis
8enicillin Erythromycin
'utaneous: contact 8haryn eal: strict
&rtificial &ctive
'ontaminated mouth secretions and articles such as toys food and /ater /hich is contaminate /ith #ibrio 'holerae 8in/orm, 6hread/orm or $eat/orm
(l Tor !Cholera$ #ibrio cholerae 1-days .-> /ee!s
<ice /atery stools (asher /omanAs hands )octurnal anal itchiness
6etracycline 8enicillin 8%< 'ombantrine0 antiox
&rtificial active enteric 6here is no immunity for enterobius vermicularis
(nterobiasis Enterobius vermicularis
enteric
'ilariasis !elephantiasis$
(uchecheria bancrofti
E-1> months
"nfectious to the vector mos5uitoes for as lon as microfilariae remain circulatin in the peripheral blood, may be up to 5 years =-F /ee!s
)octurnal blood examination &ssessment of symptoms
%ymphadenitis
Hetro2amor *iethylcarbama 2ine citrate 3*E'4
enteric
&ctive
Aedes paecillus
)enital herpes Human herpes virus )onorrhea +clap, drip, =-1. days
1ucous membrane0 s!in7 con enital 1ucous membrane0 s!in7 con enital
*irect exam of cells7 H$# antibodies 'ulture and sensitivity from cervix or urethra
8ainful vesicular enital lesions 1en: urethral dischar e (omen: va inal dischar e
)o cure but can ive acyclovir0 valacyclovir 3valtrex4 8enicillin
"nfected human contact &ctive
)eisseria onorrhea
=-10 days post coitus
Ends /ithin hours if /ith effective treatment
'ontact
6here is no immunity to ;onorrhea
"nfected Human
Influen*a "nfluen2a virus &,:,' "erpes +oster !Shingles$ 1-days 6ill 5th day of illness
*irect contact thru airborne route - *irect thru droplet infection -"ndirect thru infected articles $exual intercourse, percutaneous, perinatal Se$ual intercourse% needles
<espiratory Bropharyn eal s/ab culture #esicular smear $nee2in , fever &mantidine H'l 3$ymmetrel4
&ctive
"nfected Human
&ctive :urnin , itchy pain <amsay-Hunt syndrome Fati ue, anorexia, dyspnea &urplish lesions on skin and mucus membranes $ymptomatic tx strict
#aricella Goster virus
1-= /!s
?ntil the last crust has fallen off Entire duration of the condition #ntire duration of the condition
"nfected Human
"uman immunodeficiency virus !"IV$ ,aposi-s sarcoma
<etrovirus Cause is unknown but occurs primarily in individuals with compromised immune system (AIDS) 1ycobacterium leprae
5-10 years !" years
E%"$& (estern blot
&ntiretroviral dru s Chemotherapy (I'% Intraarterial% Intralesion)
'ontact
There is no immunity to HIV. (here is no immunity to )aposi*s Sarcoma
isolation and use fluid precautions9 "nfected human
biopsy
Blood/body fluids
.eprosy +HansenAs disease,
1-5 years
&s lon as there are open lesions
*roplet infection
$mears7 %epromie s!in test7 1itsuda reaction :lood, '$F, urine culture & lutinatio n test
8aralysis7 'ontact dermatitis7 %esions
- <ifampicin dapsone -1ultibacillary: rifampicin dapsone lamprene 8enicillin 6etracyclines
none strict
"nfected human7 armadillos are suspected to be vectors
.eptospirosis +mud fever, +s/ineherdAs disease, +/ellAs fever,
%eptospira pyro enes
>-15 days
)one but leptospires are found in the ptAs urine bet9 10-=0 days after onset
*irect contact 3brea! in the s!in4 thru a contaminated /ater
#ery hi h fever 1yal ia
contact
)one
mice
.yme-s disease $pirochete borrella bur dorferi none 6ic! bites :ullAs eye rash no treatment contact none *eer tic!s
Malaria +marsh fever, +palludism, +s/ineherdAs disease,
8lasmodium vivax &nopheles mos5uito
p9 vivax: 1F days to several years 1.-=E days
89 vivax : -5 days
19 8erson-person thru mos5uito bite =9parente- rally -9 maternal blood to infant .9 transpla-cental - person to person - droplet infection )ot directly transmitted from person to person
a9 blood smear b9 malarial parasite c9 spleenic biopsy :lood exam #iral culture
Hepatome aly $pleenome aly
'hloro5uine 19 .amino5uin olones =9 8rima5uine -9 $ulfonamid es $ymptomatic tx
'ontact
none
&nopheles 1inimus Flavirostis
Mumps 8aramyxovirus
F days before and H days after the parotid lands s/ell =0 years
parotitis
respiratory
)atural &ctive &c5uired )atural &ctive &c5uired
"nfected persons
Paragonomiasis
-8ara omonimus (estermani-asia -8ara onimus $iamenser -8ar ominus heterotrema &hthirus pubis
> /ee!s
$tool exam
#oracious appetite pot belly
'ombatrine or antiox 8ra2i5uentrel
Enteric
%un Flu!e
Pediculosis pubis (Pubic lice)
+! days
Pertussis 3/hoopin cou h4
:ordetella 8ertussis
F-1. days
As lon, as lice/e,, remain alive on infested person F days after exposure to - /!s after onset of typical paroxysyms variable
se$ual intercourse% close physical contact
Scrapin,
Severe itchin,
)etocona-ole .indane Ben-yl ben-oate
Contact
/o immunity to pediculosis pubis
.ice
*irect contact from droplet spread 2nknown3 not transmitted from person to person direct0 indirect contact
'ou h plate culture
Forceful explosive cou hin
Erythromycin &mpicillin
<espiratory
&rtificial active &c5uired
"nfected Humans
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia
&neumocystis carinii
0!1 month s
Sputum culture
rusty sputum
Poliomyelitis +infantile paralysis,
%e io debilitants
F-1. days
1ost conta ious a fe/ days before and after onset of symptoms
%umbar testin 8andyAs test 1uscle testin
Flaccid paralysis HoyneAs si n
Antibiotics 4ucolytics #$pectorants 8olio vaccine immuni2ation, anal esics, a9 sabin b9 sac! 3attenuated vaccine4
5espiratory
/atural Active
6un,us
enteric
&rtificial active
'ontaminated secretions0 Humans
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
1ycobacterium tuberculosis
=-10 /!s
"f not under oin any treatment *o s I cats: From --5 days before the onset of symptoms until the entire course of illness
droplet
$putum exam - History of exposure 1icroscopic exam - *evAt of symptoms Fluorescent rabies antibody 3F<&4 techni5ue Hema luti nation test
Hemoptysis, mucupurulent sputum - sta es: 8rodromalbody malaise b9 Excitementapprehensio n c9 6erminaldie /ithin a day a9
<ifampicin "sonia2id 8yra2inamide Ethambutol $treptomycin $ymptomatic 3antirabies4
&irborne precaution $trict isolation
)atural active &c5uired immunity &ctive
"nfected human $tray animals and /ildlife
/abies +hydrophobia disease, +lyssa, 6ypes: $treet virus-from do Fixed virus- from humans
<abies virus
*o s Icats: 1 /ee!FJ mos9 1an: .-E /ee!s
-from saliva of rabied animal
/ubella !)erman Measles$ * - *ay measles /ubeola !Measles$ 0F days measles
<ubella virus
10-=1 days
Entire course of illness 5th day of the "8 until 1st day of rash %ess than =1 days
&irborne droplet nuclei or close contact - *roplet infxn - "ndirect thru contaminated articles /0 respi secretions - *roplet spread7 - 'lose personperson contact
ForcheimerAs spot
$ymptomatic tx
*roplet precaution
)atural active &c5uired immunity )atural active ac5uired immunity )o immunity
"nfected humans
humans
1easles virus 3paramyxovirusfilterable virus4 'orona virus
F days
Hema luti nation test
@opli!As spots $timsonAs line
$ymptomatic tx
respiratory
SA/S --F days
6hroat s/ab
Hi h rade fever
Bseltamivir
5#S&I5A(75 8 /"9 4AS)/ S25:ICA. 4AS) contact
&nimal species sold in mar!et 3e9 9 masled palm civet cat47 humans House dust mites
Scabies $arcoptes scabie =. hours =. hours *irect0 sexual contact *Found in axilla, /rist, nipple, enitals, fin ers 4ainly contact with respiratory droplets of infected person 'ulture 1icroscopic examination "tchin , scarrin
Scarlet 'ever Streptococcus pyro,enes 0!1 days 0;!10 days
Blood tests% #S5
5ash% sore throat% fever <strawberry
- %indane 3@/ell4: apply to all body parts - :en2yl ben2oate - :enadryl penicillin
6here is no immunity to scabies (here is no immunity to scarlet fever=
strict
Fomites
or carrier=
ton,ue>
Schistosomiasis +snail fever, +blood flu!e, Shigellosis !Dysentery$
$chistosoma Kaponicum $hi ella dysenteriae
&t least = months --. days
= days
1-. /!s
*irect penetration to cercaria to the s!in "n estion of contaminated food and /ater
*irect fecal smear none
$/immerAs itch
6artar emetic $tibuphen 8ra2i5uantel &mpicillin 'otrimoxa2ole 'hloramphenic ol *5%< &mpicillin7 8rocaine penicillin for adults but usually crystalline penicillin for children9 &nticonvulsants for infants 8enicillin *9 8E$
contact
&rtificial active
$nail
6enesmus &bdominal colic!y pain <usty sputum, fever and chills, chest indra/in
enteric
&rtificial active
'ontaminated food, fin ers, flies, feces and fomites 'hildren and adults /ith chronic respiratory diseases
Streptoccocal Pneumonia
$treptococcus pneumoniae
1-days
?ntil dischar es of mouth and nose no lon er contain virulent pneumococc i in si nificant number ?p to = years7 as lon as there is a presence of infected lesions 6ape/orm persist for up to -0 years
Syphilis 6reponema pallidum H-H0 days
*roplet spread, direct oral contact, or indirectly throu h articles freshly soiled /ith respiratory dischar es9 8erson to person transmission is common sexual, perinatal, blood borne
C?#S( @5A8% ABC C72/(% S&2(24 C2.(25#
&rtificial active strict
*ar!field exam7 (asserman test7 serolo ic tests $tool exam
'han!er7 candyloma7 umma
contact
)o vaccine available
"nfected person
Taeniasis 6aenia sa inata: beef 6aenia solium: por! *iphyllobithrium letum: fish tape/orm 5-1= /ee!s
"n estion of poorly coo!ed, contaminated por! or beef7
)one #oracious appetite7 8ot belly 'ombantrine0an tiox enteric 6ape/orm
Tetanus 'lostridium tetany - days/ee!s &vera e: 10 days 0 month
&s lon as pores are viable
direct0 indirect contact of infected /ound
'ulture puncture /ound
%oc! Ka/ $ardonic smile Bpisthotonus 1uscle spasms
)o treatment *ia2epam*B'
contact
6";-artificial passive
?nsterile instruments7 soil and dust /ith pores7 feces
Trichomoniasis (richomonas va,inalis
#ntire duration of infection
se$ual contact
'a,inal secretion smear3 va,inal p? BC=9 $tool exam
4alodorous ,reenish!yellow dischar,e
4etronida-ole (fla,yl)
contact
/one
&roto-oa% infected person
Trichonosis 6richinella spiralis Typhoid 'ever $almonella typhii 10-=0 days &s lon as bacteria are excreted ?ntil the crust has fallen off 'ommunica ble for life 1-= /ee!s &s lon as round /orms are viable
"n estion of uncoo!ed por!
#oracious appetite7 8ot belly <ose $pots
'ombantrine0an tiox
enteric
none
<ound /orms
"n estion of contamina-ted food and /ater *irect droplet infection7 "ndirect thru linens I fomites 1ucous membrane7 $exual contact7 con enital fecal-oral
(indal test
'hloramphenic ol 'otrimoxa2ole &cyclovir
enteric
Bnly artificially ac5uired immunity 3vaccine4 )atural &ctive &c5uired "mmunity 6here is no immunity to venereal /arts )atural &ctive &c5uired "mmunity Bnly artificially ac5uired immunity 3vaccine4
Human, flies, fomites
Varicella +oster !Chic en Po%$
Herpes virus varicellae
0-=1 days
&ntibody titers
1aculopapulo rash
strict
"nfected Human, fomites
Venereal #arts !Condylomata acuminata$ "epatitis A H0L pro nosis "epatitis & 15 L pro nosis
Human papilloma virus
1-months
*irect exam7 biopsy
'auliflo/er li!e cluster on perineum0va ina0 penis )ausea, vomitin , fati ue 1yal ia &rthral ia
$ilver sulfide and cautery @etocona2ole
'ontact
"nfected Human
Hep & virus
15-50 days .E-1E0 days
F *&M$ BF B)$E6 BF N&?)*"'E F *&M$ BF B)$E6 BF N&?)*"'E
$tool culture
"#F &%8H&")6E<FE<B) %&1"#?*")E &*EFB#"<
enteric
"nfected Human, fly "nfected Human
Hep : virus
:lood0body fluids
':', Hbs &
enteric
"epatitis C Hep ' virus "epatitis D 15 L pro nosis 1.-1E0 days 1.-5> days
F *&M$ BF B)$E6 BF N&?)*"'E 6hou ht to be most infectious before the onset of symptoms From 1. days after the appearance of Kaundice for a further = /ee!s9 F *&M$ BF B)$E6 BF N&?)*"'E
:lood0body fluids :lood0body fluids
':'
hepatome aly
H*#
':'
1yal ia, arthral ia
8E;M%&6E* ")6E<FE<B) ("6H <":&#"<") &%8H&")6E<FE<B) ;&11& ;%B:?%")
)o immunity enteric &rtificial &ctive enteric
"nfected :lood and blood products contaminated /ith H*# "nfected Human, possibly mon!eys, pi s, co/s, rodents, sheep or oats
"epatitis ( M1T: H0L pro nosis
HE#
15->. days
fecal-oral
$tool exam
&bdominal pain
"#F
enteric
)atural &ctive &c5uired "mmunity
"epatitis ' F5L pro nosis "epatitis ) F5L pro nosis
HF#
1.-=0 days
fecal-oral
':'
&symptomatic
'orticosteroids enteric
)o "mmunity for Hepatitis F 6here is no vaccine yet for H;#
"nfected stool of post-transfusion :lood and blood products contaminated /ith H;#
H;#
:lood0body fluids
':'
<ashes
'orticosteroids enteric
$ubmitted by: %evel """-: ;roup =
& uiman, @arla 1ae *avid, Nan &riel
Felisilda, <i2el &nn Fuertes, )icole &n eli5ue Hernande2, Names &drian @evin %avador, @im 'arla %una, Emmie %ou Gyrxs 1asnayon, Nac5ueline Francine 6utor, Fiel &n elie ?sman, Bmar $hariff
