Complaints, Complaints

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Act|v|ty 1Ŧ Comp|a|ntsţ Comp|a|ntsŦŦŦ

ulscuss wlLh sLudenLs LhaL you have overheard Lhemţ aL Llmesţ make varlous complalnLs abouL Lhe
LreaLmenL of young peopleŦ ComplalnLs noL unllke Lhose moLlvaLed Lhe loundlng laLhers aL Lhe Llme of
Lhe Amerlcan 8evoluLlonŦ
Clve Lhe sLudenLs a shorL Llme ? ln small groups ? Lo llsL complalnLs Lhey have abouL Lhe LreaLmenL of
young peopleŦ 1he complalnLs should be of a general naLure (for exampleť recess should be longerţ
fourLh graders should be able Lo see ÞC vldeosţ eLcŦ)Ŧ CollecL Lhe llsLŦ Choose complalnLs Lo share wlLh
Lhe classţ so you can gulde Lhe dlscusslon Lo followŦ Save Lhe llsLs for fuLure referenceŦ
1here are momenLs when all of us are more eager Lo express whaLƌs wrong Lhan we are Lo Lhlnk crlLlcally
abouL Lhe problem and posslble soluLlonsŦ 1here ls no reason Lo Lhlnk people were any dlfferenL ln 1776Ŧ
lLƌs lmporLanL Lo undersLand Lhe complalnLs of Lhe colonlsLs as one sLep ln a process lnvolvlng careful
dellberaLlon and aLLempLs Lo redress grlevancesŦ
Ask quesLlons Lo help your sLudenLs conslder Lhelr concerns ln a dellberaLe wayŦ WPC makes Lhe rules
Lhey donƌL llkeţ WPC decldes lf Lhey are falr or noLţ PCW does one geL Lhem changedţ WPA1 does lL
mean Lo be lndependenL from Lhe rulesţ and flnallyţ PCW does a group of people declare LhaL Lhey wlll
no longer follow Lhe rules?

Act|v|ty 2Ŧ Soţ What are ¥ou Go|ng to Do About It?
Ask Lhe sLudenLs Lo lmaglne LhaLţ ln hopes of effecLlng some changesţ Lhey are golng Lo compose a
documenL based on Lhelr complalnLs Lo be senL Lo Lhe approprlaLe audlenceŦ As Lhey begln Lo compose
Lhelr documenLţ Lhey should conslder Lhe followlng quesLlonsŦ (noLe Lo Lhe Leacherť 1he followlng
quesLlons correspond Lo Lhe secLlons of Lhe ueclaraLlonţ as noLed ln parenLhesesţ whlch wlll be
dlscussed laLerŦ 1hls dlscusslon serves as a prewrlLlng acLlvlLy for Lhe wrlLlng asslgnmenLŦ)
1o whom would you send your complalnLs? Why? WhaL reasons would you glve for your declslon Lo
wrlLe ouL your complalnLs? (Þreamble)
WhaL makes you Lhlnk your complalnLs are worLhwhlle? ArenƌL Lhere good reasons why Lhlngs are Lhe
way Lhey are? Why should Lhlngs as Lhey are be changed? Would lL be posslble Lo summarlze Lhe
Lhlnklng behlnd your deslre for change ln a slngle senLence? (sLaLemenL of bellefsţ or Lhe Lhlnklng behlnd
Lhe complalnLs)
ls Lhere anyLhlng ln parLlcular Lhe reader should noLlce abouL your complalnLs? ls Lhere anyLhlng you
need Lo keep ln mlnd Lo make sure your audlence undersLands and appreclaLes your complalnLs? WhaL
klnds of evenLs lnsplred your complalnLs? (Lhe llsL of complalnLs)
Pave you already Lrled Lo make any changes ln Lhe LreaLmenL of young people? ln whaL way? (prlor
aLLempLs Lo redress grlevances)
ls lL posslble Lo say ln a slngle senLence whaL lL ls you really wanL Lo happen? lL would Lake Llme Lo
change Lhe sysLem Lo accommodaLe all of your complalnLsŦ WhaL should happen rlghL away?
(declaraLlon of lndependence)
Who would be wllllng Lo slgn hls/her name Lo Lhls llsL of complalnLs even lf lL were golng Lo be seen
and read by many people? (Lhe slgnaLures)

Act|v|ty 3Ŧ 1he Unan|mous Dec|arat|on of the 1h|rteen Un|ted States of Amer|ca
1he ueclaraLlon of lndependence was creaLed ln an aLmosphere of complalnLs abouL Lhe LreaLmenL of
Lhe colonles under 8rlLlsh ruleŦ ln Lhls unlLţ sLudenLs wlll be glven Lhe opporLunlLy Lo compose a
documenL based on Lhelr own complalnLsŤ howeverţ Lhe resulLlng ƍdeclaraLlonsƍ mlghL be more
convlnclng lf based on some models already proven effecLlveŦ
Þrovlde every sLudenL wlLh a LranscrlpL of Lhe ueclaraLlonŦ 1here ls no need Lo do a close readlng of Lhe
enLlre documenL aL Lhls polnLŦ 1he lmmedlaLe goal ls Lo undersLand Lhe sLrucLure of Lhe documenL and
Lhe baslc lnLenL of each secLlonŦ ulscuss Lhe ueclaraLlon wlLh sLudenLsţ uslng Lhe followlng secLlonŴbyŴ
secLlon quesLlons help sLudenLs relaLe Lhls overvlew of Lhe ueclaraLlon Lo Lhe prevlous dlscusslonŦ
Þreambleť Lhe reasons for wrlLlng down Lhe ueclaraLlon (from ƍWPLnţ ln Lhe Course of human
LvenLsƍ Lo ƍdeclare Lhe Causes whlch lmpel Lhem Lo Lhe SeparaLlonŦƍ)Ŧ WhaL reason(s) dld Lhe loundlng
laLhers glve for Lhelr declslon Lo wrlLe ouL a declaraLlon?
SLaLemenL of bellefsť speclfylng whaL Lhe underslgned bellevedţ Lhe phllosophy behlnd Lhe documenL
(from ƍWe hold Lhese 1ruLhs Lo be selfŴevldenLƍ Lo ƍan absoluLe 1yranny over Lhese SLaLesƍ)Ŧ WhaL
bellefs dld Lhe loundlng laLhers declare Lhey held?
LlsL of complalnLsť Lhe offenses LhaL lmpelled Lhe declaraLlon (from ƍ1o prove Lhlsţ leL lacLs be
submlLLed Lo a candld Worldƍ Lo ƍunflL Lo be Lhe ruler of a free peopleƍ)Ŧ WhaL are a few of Lhe
complalnLs? Are any speclflc evenLs menLloned? lf noLţ ls Lhe lnformaLlon glven someLlmes sufflclenL Lo
flgure ouL Lo whlch evenLs Lhe complalnLs refer?
SLaLemenL of prlor aLLempLs Lo redress grlevancesť (lrom ƍnor have We been wanLlng ln aLLenLlons Lo
our 8rlLLlsh breLhrenţƍ Lo ƍLnemles ln Warţ ln Þeace lrlendsŦƍ) ln whaL way(s) dld Lhe framers clalm Lo
have already Lrled ln addresslng Lhe complalnLs?
ueclaraLlon of lndependenceť (lrom ƍWLţ Lhereforeƍ Lo ƍand our sacred PonourŦƍ) WhaL wlll change
ln Lhe colonles as a resulL of Lhe ueclaraLlon?
1he slgnaLuresť Whlch slgners do sLudenLs recognlze?

Act|v|ty 4Ŧ Whenţ |n the Course of numan LventsŦŦŦ
Worklng alone or ln small groupsţ sLudenLs drafL Lhelr own declaraLlonsŦ 1he LranscrlpL of Lhe
ueclaraLlon of lndependence wlll serve as a modelŤ sLudenL documenLs should conLaln Lhe same
secLlonsŦ 1hey should sLarL wlLh Lhelr reasons for wrlLlng (preamble)ţ as dlscussed aboveŦ 1ell sLudenLs
Lhey can model Lhelr sLaLemenL afLer Lhe Þreamble Lo Lhe ueclaraLlonŦ lor exampleţ Lhey can begln wlLh
Lhe words ƍWhenţ ln Lhe course of human evenLsŦŦŦŦƍ
Act|v|ty SŦ What Lxper|ence nath Shown
AfLer a sesslon of work on Lhelr declaraLlonsţ lnLroduce Lo sLudenLs Lhe ldea of earller documenLs LhaL
seL a precedenL for Lhe ueclaraLlonŦ LeL sLudenLs know LhaL Lhe commlLLee members who drafLed our
ueclaraLlon (!ohn Adams of MassachuseLLsţ 8oger Sherman of ConnecLlcuLţ 8en[amln lranklln of
Þennsylvanlaţ 8oberL 8Ŧ LlvlngsLon of new ?ork and 1homas !efferson of vlrglnla) were aware of
documenLs from earller yearsŦ Some of Lhese documenLs served as models as Lhe commlLLee members
wroLe Lhe ueclaraLlonŦ Þerhaps seelng precedenLs for Lhe ueclaraLlon wlll help sLudenLs ln composlng
LhelrsŦ
Ask sLudenLs Lo work ln small groups Lo revlew some of Lhe earller documenLs and flnd common
feaLures beLween Lhe hlsLorlcal documenLs and Lhe ueclaraLlonŦ lf deslred and approprlaLe for your
classţ Lhls would be a good Llme Lo read Lhe enLlre ueclaraLlonŦ
SLudenLs should look aL Lhe hlsLorlcal documenLs for slmllar sLrucLures (Lhe documenL has a preambleţ
for lnsLance) or phrases or passages LhaL relaLe Lo Lhe ueclaraLlonŦ As Lhey read Lhe excerpLsţ sLudenLs
should refer back Lo Lhelr LranscrlpL of Lhe ueclaraLlon of lndependenceŦ SLudenLs should noL aLLempL
close readlngs of Lhe documenLsŦ lnsLeadţ Lhey scan key passages for slmllarlLlesŦ (lf you wlshţ you could
have sLudenLs locaLe documenLs on Lhelr ownţ uslng 1he Avalon Þro[ecL AL 1he ?ale Law School webslLeţ
accesslble Lhrough LuSl1LmenLŦ)
1he followlng documenLs are avallable Lhrough Lhe LuSl1LmenL resource 1he Avalon Þro[ecL AL 1he ?ale
Law School unless oLherwlse noLedŦ
1he Magna CarLa (!une 1213)Ŧ Cf sLrucLural lnLeresL ls Lhe preamble and Lhe lasL secLlon (#63)Ŧ WhaL
dlfferences and slmllarlLles do Lhe sLudenLs noLlce? SecLlon 1 and SecLlon 12 also have relevanL conLenLŦ
1he ulglLal Classroom offers a dlglLlzed copy of Lhe Magna CarLaţ a LranslaLlon of a 1297 verslonţ and
an analyslsţ ƍMagna CarLa and lLs Amerlcan LegacyƍŦ
1he llrsL CharLer of vlrglnla (Aprll 10ţ 1606)Ŧ A relevanL secLlon beglns ƍAnd we do also ordalnţ
esLabllshţ and agreeţ for usţ our Pelrsţ and Successorsţ LhaL each of Lhe sald Colonles shall have a
Councllƍ and ends ƍpass under Lhe Þrlvy Seal of our 8ealm of LnglandŤƍ a sLaLemenL of Lhe colonlsLsƌ
ablllLy Lo pass lawsŦ
Also of lnLeresL ls Lhe secLlon beglnnlngţ ƍAlso we doţ for usţ our Pelrsţ and Successorsţ uLCLA8Lƍ Lo
ƍany oLher of our sald uomlnlonsŦƍ
1he Mayflower CompacL (novemberţ 1621)Ŧ
Lngllsh 8lll of 8lghLs (1689) for comparlson Lo Lhe llsL of grlevances (such as quarLerlng Lroopsţ a
sLandlng armyţ suspendlng of laws)Ŧ
1he 8oyal ÞroclamaLlon (CcLober 7ţ 1763) lssued aL Lhe concluslon of Lhe lrench and lndlan WarŦ Look
aL Lhe secLlon beglnnlng wlLh ƍfor Lhe securlLy of Lhe LlberLles and ÞroperLlesƍ and endlng wlLh ƍand call
Ceneral AssembllesŦƍ
1he 8esoluLlons of Lhe ConLlnenLal Congressţ also known as 1he SLamp AcL Congress (CcLober 19ţ
1763)Ŧ Lspeclally relevanL ls Lhe llsL of complalnLs (such as Lhe complalnL beglnnlng ƍ1haL Lhe only
represenLaLlves of Lhe people of Lhese colonlesŦŦŦƍ)Ŧ
1he ArLlcles of AssoclaLlon (CcLober 20ţ 1774)Ŧ lor comparlson Lo Lhe llsL of grlevancesţ look aL Lhe
passage from ƍLhe presenL unhappy slLuaLlon of our affalrs ls occasloned by a rulnous sysLem of colony
admlnlsLraLlonƍ Lo ƍwhenever a wlcked mlnlsLry shall choose so Lo dlrecL LhemŦƍ SLudenLs should also
look aL Lhe sLaLemenL beglnnlng ƍ1o obLaln redress of Lhese grlevancesŦƍ
1he vlrglnla ueclaraLlon of 8lghLs (!une 12ţ 1776)ţ wrlLLen by Ceorge Mason and accesslble from
LuSl1LmenL Lhrough 1he ulglLal ClassroomŦ Lspeclally perLlnenL are Lhe flrsL Lhree secLlonsŦ
Culde Lo lndependenL Searches for ÞrecedenL SeLLlng uocumenLs
1he Avalon Þro[ecL conLalns many relevanL documenLs and ls fully searchableŦ SLudenLs can search for
Lerms such as ƍrlghLsƍ or ƍLaxesƍ or ƍsLandlng armlesƍ wlLhln Lhe Colonlal CharLersţ CranLsţ and Larly
ConsLlLuLlon collecLlon llsLed ln Lhe pullŴdown menu on Lhe search pageŦ SLudenLs should be aware LhaL
search resulLs wlll lnclude documenLs creaLed afLer 1776ţ whlch are lrrelevanL Lo Lhe Lask aL handŦ 1he
Avalon Þro[ecL webslLe has amassed a llsL of documenLs under Lhe LlLle 1he Amerlcan ConsLlLuLlonť A
uocumenLary 8ecordţ lncludlng forerunners Lo Lhe unlLed SLaLes ConsLlLuLlonŦ 1here you may flnd
addlLlonal relevanL documenLsŦ Cf speclal lnLeresL are Lhe secLlons ƍ1he 8ooLs of Lhe ConsLlLuLlonƍ and
ƍ8evoluLlon and lndependenceŦƍ

Act|v|ty 6Ŧ Share and Dec|are
Cnce sLudenL groups have analyzed Lhe hlsLorlcal documenLs LhaL preceded Lhe ueclaraLlon of
lndependenceţ ask Lhem Lo share Lhelr flndlngs wlLh Lhe resL of Lhe classŦ ln whaL ways were Lhe earller
documenLs slmllar Lo Lhe ueclaraLlon?
?ou may wlsh Lo creaLe a dlsplay of Lhe lnformaLlon sLudenLs have uncoveredŦ lor exampleţ on a large
bulleLln boardţ cenLer Lhe LexL of Lhe ueclaraLlonŦ PlghllghL relevanL excerpLsŦ use a colored sLrand of
yarn Lo lead from each ueclaraLlon excerpL Lo a posLlng of Lhe name and daLe of a relaLed documenLŦ
Classes wlLh Lhe necessary Lechnologyţ sklllţ and compuLer access can do Lhls same exerclse on Lhe
compuLerţ creaLlng hyperllnks Lo Lhe precedenLsŦ
SLudenLs should conLlnue Lo work on Lhelr declaraLlonsţ elLher durlng class or as a homework
asslgnmenLŦ 1hey can use whaL Lhey learned Lhrough Lhe sLudy of relevanL documenLs creaLed before
Lhe ueclaraLlon as a gulde for Lhe lnformaLlon Lhey wlsh Lo lnclude ln Lhelr documenLsŦ 8y Lhls Llmeţ
sLudenLs should be worklng on Lhe sLaLemenL of bellefs and Lhe complalnLs secLlon of Lhelr declaraLlonsŦ
Act|v|ty 7Ŧ L|ghtyŴS|x Itť Changes to Ieffersonƌs Draft
now sLudenLs can look aL some drafLs of Lhe ueclaraLlonŦ Lvery class should vlew acLual lmages of Lhese
drafLs wlLh correcLlons wrlLLen ln !effersonƌs handwrlLlngŦ Some classes mlghL beneflL from a closer look
aL Lhe klnds of changes LhaL occurredŦ 1he commlLLee and ConLlnenLal Congress are sald Lo have made a
LoLal of 86 changes Lo Lhe documenLŦ
Amerlcan Memory has a collecLlon of uocumenLs from Lhe ConLlnenLal Congress and Lhe ConsLlLuLlonal
ConvenLlonţ 1774Ŵ1789ţ conLalnlng many hlsLorlc documenLsţ lncludlng lmages and LranscrlpLs of
orlglnal coples of varlous drafLs of Lhe ueclaraLlonŦ SLudenLs may be especlally lnLeresLed Lo vlew an
lmage of a fragmenL of Lhe ueclaraLlon and a LranscrlpL of Lhe earllesL known drafL of Lhe ueclaraLlonŦ
?ou can also access an lmage and LranscrlpL of a laLer drafL of Lhe ueclaraLlonŦ
8eadlng [usL a small porLlon of Lhe laLer drafL wlll demonsLraLe Lhe slgnlflcanL changes LhaL Look place as
Lhe Congress worked on Lhe ueclaraLlonŦ uld Lhe flnal verslon lmprove on Lhe drafL? lf soţ how?
SLudenLs should conLlnue Lo work on Lhelr declaraLlonsŦ 1hey should be nearlng compleLlon of a flrsL
drafLţ lncludlng a sLaLemenL of prlor aLLempLs Lo redress grlevancesţ and a declaraLlon of lndependenceŦ
1ake some Llme Lo dlscuss Lhe wrlLlng process wlLhln Lhe sLudenL groupsŦ Pow dld Lhey proceed? uld
Lhey ever go back and make changes? WhaL klnds of changes? uld more Lhan one person have lnpuL?
Act|v|ty 8Ŧ Þub||sh and Dec|are
nowţ Lhe sLudenL groups should compleLe and presenL Lhelr ƍdeclaraLlonsŦƍ lf Lyped on a compuLerţ
Lhese can be prlnLed ouL ln an approprlaLely ornaLe fonLŦ 1he paper can be sLalned uslng Lea Lo glve Lhe
appearance of ageŦ SLudenLs should slgn Lhe documenL on whlch Lhey workedŦ
lf sLudenLs have access Lo Lhe necessary Lechnologyţ Lhey can creaLe hyperllnks from secLlons of Lhelr
compuLerlzed declaraLlon Lo speclflc precedenLs ln Lhe ueclaraLlonŦ
SLudenLs should now reflecL on Lhelr experlence wrlLlng a declaraLlon and Lhe process LhaL creaLed lLŦ
WhaL parL of Lhelr own declaraLlon would Lhey say mosL resembles Lhe 1776 ueclaraLlon of
lndependence? Whlch complalnL? Whlch parL of Lhelr bellefs? WhaL changes dld Lhey make ln Lhe
course of wrlLlng Lhelr documenLs? Pow dld Lhe group declde how Lo proceed? SLudenL declaraLlons
should be posLed andţ lf pracLlcalţ senL Lo Lhe lnLended audlence (parenLsţ prlnclpal)Ŧ
lor a culmlnaLlng acLlvlLyţ Lhe documenLs can be read ln class ln ceremonlal fashlonŦ 1he documenLsƌ
reflecLlon of Lhe sLrucLure of Lhe ueclaraLlon wlll help Lhe Leacher assess Lhe success of Lhe acLlvlLyŦ

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