Computer Fundamentals
Content
Computer Fundamentals
28/08/2012
Computer Hardware
Introduction
Special points of interest:
Computer Hardware Early History of Computing Hardware
Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that comprise a computer system. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of computer such as monitor, keyboard, hard disk, mouse, etc. refers to objects that you can actually touch, like disks, disk drives, display screens, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips. In contrast, software is untouchable. Software exists as ideas, application, concepts, and symbols, but it has no substance. A combi-
nation of hardware and software forms a usable computing system. The history of computing hardware starting at 1960 is marked by the conversion from vacuum tube to solid state devices such as the transistor and later the integrated circuit. By 1959 discrete transistors were considered sufficiently reliable and economical that they made further vacuum tube computers uncompetitive. Computer main memory slowly moved away from mag-
netic core memory devices to solid-state static and dynamic semiconductor memory, which greatly reduced the cost, size and power consumption of computer devices. Eventually the cost of integrated circuit devices became low enough that home computers and personal computers became widespread.
Inside this issue:
Home Computing ASUS takes a lead Computer Hardware for Gaming Computer Hardware for Professionals 5 6 7 10
History of Computing Hardware (1960s– present)
The mass increase in the use of computers accelerated with 'Third Generation' computers. These generally relied on Jack Kilby's invention of the integrated circuit (or microchip), starting around 1965. However, the IBM System/360 used hybrid circuits, which were solidstate devices interconnected on a substrate with discrete wires.
Peripheral Equipment 11 Qubee’s New Offer Interesting Story 15 16
Description: Data General NOVA System Date: 7 January 2011, Source: Goodwill Computer Museum
Computer Hardware
Cont.…..
The first integrated circuit was produced in September 1958 but computers using them didn't begin to appear until 1963. Some of their early uses were in embedded systems, notably used by NASA for the Apollo Guidance Computer, by the military in the LGM-30 Minuteman intercontinental ballistic missile, and in the Central Air Data Computer used for flight control in the US Navy's F-14A Tomcat fighter jet. By 1971, the Illiac IV supercomputer, which was the fastest computer in the world for several years, used about a quarter-million small-scale ECL logic gate integrated circuits to make up sixty-four parallel data processors.[1]
Illiac IV
Mainframe Computers
“Quality is more important than quantity, One home run is much better than two doubles” - Steve Jobs
While large mainframe computers such as the System/360 increased storage and processing abilities, the integrated circuit also allowed development of much smaller computers. The minicomputer was a significant innovation in
the 1960s and 1970s. It brought computing power to more people, not only through more convenient physical size but also through broadening the computer vendor field. Digital Equipment Corporation became the number two computer company
behind IBM with their popular PDP and VAX computer systems. Smaller, affordable hardware also brought about the development of important new operating systems like Unix.
Nova: Minicomputers
In 1969, Data General shipped a total of 50,000 Novas at $8000 each. The Nova was one of the first 16-bit minicomputers and led the way toward word lengths that were multiples of the 8bit byte. It was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. Also notable was that the entire central processor was contained on one 15inch printed circuit board.
Data General’s Nova
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Computer Fundamentals
TV Typewriter
In 1973, the TV Typewriter, designed by Don Lancaster, provided electronics hobbyists with a display of alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. It used $120 worth of electronics components, as outlined in the September 1973 issue of Radio Electronics magazine. The original design included two memory boards and could generate and store 512 characters as 16 lines of 32 characters. A 90-minute cassette tape provided supplementary storage for about 100 pages of text. His design used minimalistic hardware to generate the timing of the various signals needed to create the TV signal. Clive Sinclair later used the same approach in his legendary Sinclair ZX80.
TV Typewriter by Don Lancaster
Fourth generation
The basis of the fourth generation was the invention of the microprocessor by a team at Intel. Unlike third generation minicomputers, which were essentially scaled down versions of mainframe computers, the fourth generation's origins are fundamentally different[clarification needed]. Microprocessor-based computers were originally very limited in their computational ability and speed, and were in no way an attempt to downsize the minicomputer. They were addressing an entirely different market. Although processing power and storage capacities have grown beyond all recognition since the 1970s, the underlying technology of large-scale integration (LSI) or very-largescale integration (VLSI) microchips has remained basically the same, so it is widely regarded that most of today's computers still belong to the fourth generation.
“Do you want to spend the rest of your life selling sugared water or do you want a chance to change the world?” – Steve Jobs
Intel’s Microprocessor
On November 15, 1971, Intel released the world's first commercial microprocessor, the 4004. It was developed for a Japanese calculator company, Busicom, as an alternative to hardwired cirPage 3
cuitry, but computers were developed around it, with much of their processing abilities provided by one small microprocessor chip. Coupled with one of Intel's other products - the
RAM chip, based on an invention by Robert Dennard of IBM, (kilobits of memory on one chip) - the microprocessor allowed fourth generation computers to be smaller and faster than prior computers.
Intel 4004 Processor
Computer Hardware
Supercomputers: Cray-1
At the other end of the computing spectrum from the microcomputers, the powerful supercomputers of the era also used integrated circuit technology. In 1976 the Cray-1 was developed by Seymour Cray, who had left Control Data in 1972 to form his own company. This machine, the first supercomputer to make vector processing practical, had a characteristic horseshoe shape, to speed processing by shortening circuit paths. Vector processing, which uses one instruction to perform the same operation on many arguments, has been a fundamental supercomputer processing method ever since. The Cray-1 could calculate 150 million floating point operations per second (150 megaflops). 85 were shipped at a price of $5 million each. The Cray-1 had a CPU that was mostly constructed of SSI and MSI ECL ICs.
Super computer: Cray-1
Microcomputer emerges
“Being the richest man in the cemetery doesn’t matter to me...Going to bed at night saying we’ve done something wonderful– that’s what matter to me” - Steve Jobs
First Personal Computer by Apple
The advent of the microprocessor and solid-state memory made home computing affordable. Early hobby microcomputer systems such as the Altair 8800 and Apple I introduced around 1975 marked the release of low-cost 8-bit processor chips, which had sufficient computing power to be of interest to hobby and experimental users. By 1977 pre-assembled systems such as the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 (later dubbed the "1977 Trinity" by
Byte Magazine)[10] began the era of mass-market home computers; much less effort was required to obtain an operating computer, and applications such as games, word processing, and spreadsheets began to proliferate. Distinct from computers used in homes, small business systems were typically based on CP/M, until IBM introduced the IBMPC, which was quickly adopted. The PC was heavily cloned, leading to mass production and consequent cost reduction throughout the 1980s.
This expanded the PCs presence in homes, replacing the home computer category during the 1990s and leading to the current monoculture of architecturally identical personal computers.
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Computer Fundamentals
Computer Hardware: Home Computing
New quad-core Intel Core i5 processors are standard on the new iMac. Choose a 21.5inch iMac with a 2.5GHz or 2.7GHz quad -core Intel Core i5. Or expand your view with a 27-inch iMac featuring a 2.7GHz or 3.1GHz quad -core Intel Core i5. You can even configure iMac with the fastest quadcore processor available — the Intel Core i7. All models use Intel’s recently refined chipsets. That means the new iMac performs nearly twice as fast as the previous generation,1 adding a new dimension of speed to everything you do. And since Mac OS X is designed to take advantage of each core, it captures every last bit of performance from the processor.
Apple iMac (Price 98,000-1,40,000)
HP’s Desktop PC
Features
2nd Generation Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2400 quadcore processor [3.1GHz, 6MB cache] 2nd Generation Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2500 quad-core processor [3.3GHz, 6MB cache] 2nd Generation Intel(R) Core(TM) i72600 quad-core processor w Turbo-Boost [up to 3.8GHz, 8MB cache] Featuring Windows 7 Home Premium and/or other operating systems The latest evolution of HP’s TouchSmart software makes it easier to be entertained, get creative, and have fun. Enjoy the award-winning multi -touch technology suite which makes it easier than ever to personalize and access your digital content. Elevate your listening experience with premium music playback that MP3 players can’t touch. Make it sound the way you like it—the Beats Audio Console allows you to customize your output through a powerful, easy-to-use equalizer. The modern all-in-one design keeps your world clutter free: just plug it in and you’re ready to go. A stunning 23” diagonal widescreen display becomes the best canvas in the house for all your family activities. Slide the 23" screen down to a 60º angle for the most conformable viewing position and touch interaction.
“Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one. “ - Bill Gates
Acer’s All in One: Z3 Series
The Acer Z3 Series is all-inone PCs feature intuitive 21.5" Full HD touchscreens1 lights up your digital life with an exciting new look and feel. The Acer TouchPortal provides a smarter way to access your PC and the Internet, and
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gives you cool, hands-on
control of today's latest HD multimedia and social networking. Plus, premium PC performance lets you use all your favorite apps at the same time -- multitask with multi-touch!
HP TouchSmart 610-1250xt Desktop PC
Computer Hardware
IdeaCentre desktops come in all shapes and sizes. There's the skinny all-in-one that hides its working bits, the tiny nettop no larger than a book, and the regular desktop that traditionalists will view with satisfaction.
IdeaCentre Desktops
”If you need a PC that takes up as little physical space as possible, this computer (IdeaCentre Q150) gets the job done and costs next to nothing, too.” —— WIRED
ASUS Desktops
Feature:
“Success is a lousy teacher. It seduces smart people into thinking they can't lose.” —Bill Gates
The ASUS Desktops move away from bulky traditional PCs and transforms into a simple, lightweight miniature form. No matter where you put it, it blends in and reflects your lifestyle. No longer a lonely study or office space fixture, the Desktops fits just as well next to your media center or in the bedroom – it can go anywhere. enjoyment. Desktop PCs embed 802.11b/g/n wireless, delivering high speed internet connectivity. USB 3.0 with 625MB/s transfer speeds is also included, up to ten times faster than USB 2.0.
Get high quality surround sound for realistic sonic experiences. The Desktop Series supports 8 channel surround, giving you deeper auditory
ASUS takes a lead in Desktop’s World.
Asus desktop reflects a tradition of the finest product quality, innovation and longevity. Based on PCWorld USA’s 2011 reliability and service survey, users ranked ASUS as the leading choice for Windows Desktops, citing high satisfaction due to reliability, value and quiet operation. ASUS desktops receive further praise for performance, design, upgradability and connectivity.
ASUS Desktop Series
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Computer Fundamentals
Dell: Vostro Tower Desktop Series
Feature
Starting with a 3rd Generation Intel® Core™ i5 Processor, this desktop PC has the commanding power to meet the growing organization's needs of tomorrow. with a professional operating system
More memory and a video card upgrade for improved graphics performance.
Includes more storage and memory
Future-ready processor with basic storage and memory for everyday business needs
Built to handle any task
Dell: Vostro 470 Mini Tower Desktop
Computer Hardware: GAMING & Animation
NVIDIA awakened the world to computer graphics when it invented the GPU in 1999. From our roots in visual computing, we’ve expanded into super, mobile and cloud computing. NVIDIA's mobile processors are used in smartphones, tablets and auto infotainment systems. PC gamers rely on GPUs to enjoy spectacularly immersive worlds. Professionals use them to create visual effects in movies and design everything from golf clubs to jumbo jets. And researchers utilize GPUs to advance the frontiers of science with highperformance computers.
“The weapon of choice for Gamers” — -nVIDIA
GEFORCE: AMAZING VISUAL EXPERIENCES
Our heritage is in PC graphics, and our GeForce® processors deliver amazing visual experiences to a booming gaming market — opening week game sales regularly outstrip sales of blockbuster Hollywood movies. The PC gaming market is expected to reach $25B in 2016. And gaming is one of the most popular activities in China’s 160,000+ icafes. Beyond gaming, GeForce processors power the sleekest ultrabooks so users can do things like edit movies, retouch photos and play games without compromise. GeForce notebook GPUs also efficiently power the MacBook Pro and its dazzling 2880×1800 Retina display.
GeForce Motherboard
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Computer Hardware
QUADRO: THE PROFESSIONALS’ CHOICE
In the early 2000s, our invention of a programmable processor expanded NVIDIA’s reach into professional graphics. Today, the majority of the world’s cars and planes, as well as a host of consumer products like tennis shoes and
nVIDIA Quadro Pro for Professionals
shampoo bottles, are designed using Quadro® solutions. In film, Quadro GPUs were behind all of the “Best Visual Effects” Oscar nominees for the past three years running. With NVIDIA Maximus technology, designers and engineers
TESLA: ACCELERATING SCIENCE
“As we look ahead into the next century, leaders will be those who empower others. “ ——-Bill Gates
NVIDIA’s expertise in programmable GPUs has led to breakthroughs in parallel processing. Scientists and researchers around the world are using Tesla® GPUs to tackle the most complex challenges, from climate modeling to
quantum physics to finding a cure for cancer. NVIDIA® CUDA® architecture enables GPUs to work not just with the pixels of an image, but with numerical data. NVIDIA Tesla processors harness CUDA to make supercomputing more efficient
and more accessible. Today, CUDA is taught in more than 560 universities. On the June 2012 list of Top500 supercomputers, more than 50 systems were powered by NVIDIA GPUs, rising from 10 in just 18 months.
TEGRA: THE MOBILE SUPER CHIP
Tegra®, a mobile super chip, powers the next generation of mobile devices, as well as in-car safety and infotainment systems. Tegra 3’s 4PLUS-1 architecture — four powerful CPU cores handle demanding tasks while a fifth low-power, battery-saver core manages less strenuPage 8
ous tasks — provides outstanding performance and exceptional battery life. The Asus Transformer Prime tablet and super phones from HTC, Fujitsu and ZTE are just a few of the devices that feature the super chip. NVIDIA continues to build on its early tech leadership in the mobile com-
puting revolution. In 2012, the number of Tegra phone design wins has doubled, from 15 to 30; Tegra was selected by Asus to power the world’s first WinRT tablet; and Google chose Tegra for its own Android tablet, the Nexus 7.
Computer Fundamentals
GIGABYTE Unveils GeForce® GTX 660 Ti WINDFORCE
GIGABYTE Technology Co. LTD, a leading manufacturer of motherboards and graphics cards, is pleased to introduce the latest own-designed gaming graphics card, GVN66TOC-2GD. Based on the innovative Kepler architecture of NVIDIA, GIGABYTE GV-N66TOC-2GD is built with GeForce® GTX 660 Ti GPU which utilizes the latest 28nm fabrication process, GDDR5 memory and 1344 CUDA cores. GVN66TOC-2GD is supported with Microsoft DirectX® 11 and PCI-Express 3.0. These features not only improve the processing ability but provide gamers a faster, smoother and richer gaming experience. GV-N66TOC-2GD represents “Kepler sweet spot" which brings gaming experience with ultimate combination of performance, power efficiency, and affordability. Supported by NVIDIA® 3D Vision Surround, 3D Vision™, PhysX® and 3-way SLI®, GV-N66TOC-2GD guarantees an extreme experience. Equipped with the innovative Kepler GPU Dynamic Clocking technology, GV-N66TOC-2GD dynamically adjusts clock speeds to bring out the best performance for every gamer.
Gigabyte Graphics Card
GIGABYTE Ultra Durable™ 5 Technology
GIGABYTE Ultra Durable™ 5 technology includes high current capable components for the CPU power zone including the highest rated and awarded IR3550 PowIRstage® ICs from International Rectifier, 2X Copper PCB and high current Ferrite Core Chokes rated up to 60A, which together are able to deliver up to 60°C* cooler temperatures than traditional motherboards. Featured on a range of new motherboards based the Intel® X79 and Z77 Express Chipsets, GIGABYTE Ultra Durable™ 5 technology is the next evolution in quality motherboard design. “At Microsoft there are lots of brilliant ideas but the image is that they all come from the top - I'm afraid that's not quite right. “ ——-Bill Gates
GIGABYTE Presents World’s First 28nm Architecture Radeon™ HD 7970 Series Graphics Cards
GIGABYTE Technology Co. LTD, a leading manufacturer of motherboards and graphics cards, is pleased to introduce the latest GV-R797D5-3GD-B and GV-R797OC-3GD graphics cards. The GV-R797D5-3GD-B and GVR797OC-3GD are built with the highly anticipated AMD RadeonTM HD 7970 GPU, which utilizes the latest 4.3 bilPage 9
lon transistors on 28nm fabrication process and GDDR5 memory. AMD RadeonTM HD 7970 GPU supports dual advanced programmable tessellation engines, Microsoft DirectX® 11, AMD Eyefinity 2.0 technology, AMD PowerTune technology, AMD Accelerated Parallel Processing (APP) technology, and AMD HD3D technology. With these features, AMD RadeonTM HD 7970 series is proved to provide gamers an impressive
experience with non-compromise performance and flawless graphics quality. Furthermore, GV-R797OC-3GD is equipped with GIGABYTE’s latest patent-pending "Triangle Cool" Technology plus the exclusive WINDFORCE™ 3X Cooling Technology. GV-R797OC-3GD is designed especially for gamers to achieve an unbeatable gaming performance and to meet a higher standard more easily.
Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware: Professionals, Entertainers
The 15-inch MacBook Pro features the new 2.3GHz and 2.6GHz quad-core Intel Core i7 processors with 6MB of shared L3 cache and Turbo Boost speeds up to 3.6GHz. And you can configure it to be even faster. Choose the 2.7GHz quad-core Intel Core i7 with 8MB of cache
Apple MacBook Pro
and Turbo Boost speeds up to 3.7GHz. And go for the new 512GB thirdgeneration SATA solidstate drive, which is up to 4x faster than a traditional hard drive. To increase storage, upgrade to a 1TB hard drive.
Sony VAIO E14A Series
“Life is not fair; get used to it.“—Bill Gates VAIO E14A Series. The distinctive wrap design, accent color, and matching accessories are sure to catch the eye, and the model also boasts long battery life and superb sound quality. Further features include a large touchpad and HD camera— Long battery life all of which adds up to a Superb sound quality notebook that will keep you USB* charging of other dein style on the go.
vices at any time
Features:
An attractive notebook that
Ultra-fast USB 3.0 connectivity
expresses your unique person- High-class performance ality Hybrid Graphics System
HP Entertainment Series
3rd generation Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3320M (2.4 GHz, 3MB L3 Cache ) 3rd generation Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3612QM (2.1 GHz, 6MB L3 Cache ) Featuring Windows 7 Home Premium and/or other operating systems Download media fast and keep your Internet and games running faster. To make mobile gaming easier, laptop comes with a numeric keypad and the innovative Touchpad, made exclusively for better precision and improved gesture responsiveness. Plus, a battery life of up to 9.25 hours and a starting weight of 5.66 lb. makes packing up and playing at a friend’s easy. Movies. Music. Games. See every move on the wide screen and hear every beat. Subwoofer for sound enhancing entertainment. Stay connected to what’s important in your world. Keep up with friends and chat in high definition with the HP TrueVision HD[2] Webcam[3]. Access popular websites with a swipe of a finger. HP SimplePass with one-time password provides secure online access.
HP Pavilion Notebook Entertainment Series
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Computer Fundamentals
Computer Hardware: Peripheral Equipment
Canon Printer PIXMA All in ones:
A PIXMA all-in-one offers you everything you need for a home or small office and beyond. Replace the need for multiple individual devices with one compact unit that can print, copy, scan and fax amazing photos and documents – saving both space and cost.
Ultra fast rendering Environmental technology High productivity Intuitive control
Feature:
Perfectly precise Lasting colours Creative printing Stay connected anywhere Print wirelessly from iPhone Multiple capabilities at home or office
Caption describing picture or graphic.
Intel® Xeon® processor E5 family: powerful performance, flexible features
Today’s private clouds enable greater business agility and efficiency by delivering innovative and scalable services that drive value back into the organizations they serve. Building and managing these services require systems that scale to meet your ever changing needs, while delivering solutions to the challenges IT managers face every day. Server and storage platforms based on the Intel® Xeon® processor E5 family are built to be
“Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower.”—- Steve Jobs
VISION FX Technology from AMD
Take the lead with the world’s first native 8core desktop processor. Overclock for a big boost in performance and speed1. Perform mega-tasking and get pure core performance with new “Bulldozer” architecPage 11
ture. Count on an extra rush of speed when you need it most with AMD Turbo CORE Technology. Reveal eye-boggling HD detail and help render complex characters in real-time with support for DirectX® 11. See more of your sur-
roundings on up to six displays at once with AMD Eyefinity Technology3. Maximize your performance with tuning controls in the easy-to-use AMD OverDrive™ software1. Enjoy stable, smooth performance with impressive energy efficiency thanks to a 32nm die.
AMD latest Processor
Computer Hardware
Kingston: System-Specific Desktop/Notebook Memory
Kingston® offers extremely reliable, highperformance desktop memory and sells more notebook upgrade memory than anyone in the world. Every module is customized and tested to meet the exact specification requirements of each system. Kingston uses only the most reliable and respected components in the industry to ensure maximum performance and legendary Kingston reliability.
Kingston RAM
Corsair is a worldwide designer and supplier of high-performance components to the PC gaming hardware
Corsair has been a pioneer in high-speed dynamic memory module design and manufacture since 1994, resulting in more high-speed experience than anyone in the industry. Corsair has developed an industry- wide reputation for quality, compatibility and performance. Corsair Dominator® memory has consistently set world performance records and won numerous awards. Corsair memory modules are designed to support all consumer usage models, from daily productivity enhancement to build your own one of a kind extreme performance PC. Corsair Dominator and XMS memory modules are available with a wide range of heat spreaders form factor and cooling fans to support standard operating temperature to the most challenging thermal condition.
“ " Stay Hungry Stay Foolish"—— Steve Jobs
Samsung EX2020X 20" LED Monitor
Samsung's LED monitors deliver a visually stunning picture quality that leaves you speechless. Just as you’ve seen in Samsung LED TV’s, our LED monitors make colors more rich and the action more real than you’ve dreamt possible. Let the story come to life with vivid colors and crystal-clear detail. Feature:
Consume Less Energy and Run Cooler Ultra-Slim Design Perfect Viewing from Every Angle
Samsung latest LED Monitor
Breakthrough Picture Quality with LED Technology
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Computer Fundamentals
Your mouse works where others don't—even on glass.
A glass desk or shiny table shouldn’t stand in the way of your ability to work or play. With Logitech Dark field Laser Tracking™, you’ve got better precision on a wider range of surfaces. That means clear glass (4 mm minimum thickness) and lacquered desks— surfaces that stump optical mice and standard laser mice—are no obstacle. Anywhere means use it on virtually any surface. A glass hotel table. The back of your laptop bag balanced on your lap. So wherever you’re headed and whatever you’re mousing on, the world is your mouse pad. With the Logitech Performance Mouse MX, nothing stands in your way. You can conquer any surface and task without a second thought. With your Logitech Performance Mouse MX, you’ve got the power to achieve.
Logitech Latest Mouses
Apple Magic Mouse
The same Multi-Touch technology first introduced on the revolutionary iPhone comes to the mouse. It’s called Magic Mouse, and it’s the world’s first Multi-Touch mouse. Click anywhere, scroll in any direction, and swipe through images on its smooth, seamless top shell. It works wirelessly using Bluetooth, so you don’t have to worry about cables or adapters cluttering your workspace. And built-in software lets you configure Magic Mouse any way you want. “Just in terms of allocation of time resources, religion is not very efficient. There's a lot more I could be doing on a Sunday morning.”—Bill Gates
Logitech: Wireless Solar Keyboard K760
Say good-bye to battery hassles, this wireless keyboard is powered by any light—low light and lamp light, indoors and out. Fully charged, it works for at least three months—even in total darkness.
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The easy-switching Bluetooth® connection makes typing on your Mac and switching to type on your iPad or iPhone as simple and easy as pushing a button. The perfect match for your
Mac, you get a familiar layout with all the keys you expect—Command, Brightness and Eject keys and more. And the slim, minimalist design goes wherever you go with your Mac, iPad or iPhone.
Logitech Wireless Solar Keyboard
Computer Hardware
Apple Wireless Keyboard: Nothing peripheral about it
The incredibly thin Apple Wireless Keyboard sits on your desk surrounded by nothing but glorious space. It’s cable-free, so you’re free to type wherever you like — with the keyboard in front of your computer or even on your lap. Not only does the Apple Wireless Keyboard come standard with the new iMac, it’s perfect for any Bluetoothenabled Mac.
“Life is not fair; get used to it.“— Bill Gates
The Apple Wireless Keyboard now requires just two AA batteries — one less than the previous model. And its intelligent power management system conserves battery life. So when you’re not using it, the keyboard automatically powers down. The instant you start typing, your keyboard turns on.
Logitech Wireless Speaker
Features:
Stream stereo audio instantly from any Bluetooth smartphone or tablet. Your mobile device stays mobile, and you have the freedom to move around with it. Listen to music or other audio from your smartphone or tablet on your favorite speakers— with better sound quality than you can get from builtin speakers.
Apple Wireless Keyboard
Logitech software for Bluetooth configures your Logitech Wireless Speaker Adapter to work with your smartphone or tablet, so it’s easy to set up and use. You have the flexibility to
use almost any pair of powered speakers you like. Attach Logitech Wireless Speaker Adapter for Bluetooth audio devices to your speakers using standard analog RCA or 3.5 mm jacks. The sleek styling looks good on a shelf or can be hidden away discreetly. The choice is yours.
Belkin: Laptop Cooling Pad
The Laptop Cooling Pad's unique patented wave design prevents your laptop from overheating. It uses natural convection to enhance fan cooling, and ensures low power consumption via your laptop's USB port. It requires no bulky power adapters.
Belkin Cooling Pad
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Computer Fundamentals
Qubee: Pocket Wi-Fi Modem
A pocket size wireless internet device. Use it on the go to securely connect to everything in your life. It does all the work, so you don’t have to. Feature:
vices securely.
Enhanced 4G performance with no interruptions Lasts up to four hours on a single charge 700 Square Feet Coverage
Connects up to 5 de-
Banglalion Wimax: Service Plan
Considering the requirement of different types of users, Banglalion offers two types of devices. 1. USB Modem 2. Indoor Modem USB Modem is plug n play, small, can be easily carried and no additional power required. Just plug it into your PC or laptop. It will be automatically installed and you are ready to go! Indoor modem is bigger in size, has built-in Wi-Fi router, robust and stable in performance. The Right Device If you like to use your connection in different locations under Banglalion coverage area, if you like mobility and cost effective device, then the USB Modem is ideal for you. The price of USB modem is
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BDT 1,999 for postpaid and BDT 2,499 for prepaid connections. If you have the requirement of using the connection in a fixed location, if you are looking for stronger signal and if you like to share your connection with others within your premises, then Indoor Modem is the right device for you. The selling price of Indoor modem with built-in WiFi router is BDT 4,999 for postpaid connections.
“If I'd had some set idea of a finish line, don't you think I would have crossed it years ago? “—-Bill Gates
Business Name
Hard drive and Computer problem solving: An interesting story
What can you do when your PC fails to boot, doesn’t load an OS, or crashes? Well, if you are up to the task you can try to solve the problem yourself. With some patience and perseverance you can achieve this. So let’s make it more difficult. Your resources, tools and time to solve the problem are limited. Let’s see an example story: Multi-OS nightmare You are writing a report on a quiet Sunday evening. Although the report is due on the next day, you are doing well and only some minor details remain. You decide to take a break and remember that the new Windows preview was made available a few days ago. You convince yourself that you should give it a try. Only problem is that your system is already dualbooting Windows 7 and Crunchbang Linux. So you think it would be easier to install Windows 8 on a virtual hard disk. You search for instructions online and you find it easy enough. You follow the instructions and surprise surprise you can’t boot into any of the three operating systems. Now what? It’s clear something has gone terribly wrong. Now this might be a relatively easy case if you had the time, resources and tools to solve it. But you don’t. Here is what you have: -An old laptop with a BIOS that doesn’t support booting from a usb drive. You have been using Plop Boot Manager for this. -A USB drive with Crunchbang Linux -A USB drive with the Windows 8 installation program. -An old DVD disc that has a Truecrypt rescue image. You stopped using Truecrypt a while ago. -An old DVD disc with the Windows 7 installation program. -Did I forgot to mention? Your laptop’s DVD drive is not working properly. It is essentially broken but it can sometimes read DVDs. -Limited time. You need to solve this quickly. That’s all you have. Now let’s describe what happens when you try to boot: -Windows 8 tries to load but it doesn’t respond after a while. It doesn’t get to the point where you can choose safe mode or any repair options. -Plop Boot Manager was overwritten by the Windows installation. -Your DVD drive doesn’t read the Windows 7 installation DVD. So, you can’t boot from the hard disk, you can’t boot from a USB drive and you can’t boot from the DVD. You are stuck and frustrated. Is there a solution using only what you have? You try anyway with what’s left. You try booting from the Truecrypt rescue disk. Why? You don’t know why. After many tries, your DVD drive succeeds in reading the disc. The Truecrypt rescue options appear. So what? This has nothing to do with encryption. You haven’t been using Truecrypt anymore. Then out of curiosity you select the option to restore the loader stored in the Truecrypt rescue image. You reboot and you suddenly see the Plop boot manager! It seems that when you saved the Truecrypt rescue image you were also using Plop and it got saved too. Now you can boot from a usb drive. So you try to boot into the Windows 8 installation again but after a while it stops responding too. What is going on?! Next choice is to boot into a Crunchbang Linux live session. This works! You start GParted and see that something is wrong with the partitions of your hard drive. Your hard disk’s partition table is all screwed up. Gparted can’t solve this so you try Testdisk. After spending some time trying to find the correct partition table, you eventually succeed and write the correct partition table. You also fix the MBR. You reboot into Linux again (Windows still not working) and mount all the partitions, which enables you to save all your work before doing one last thing: formatting the Windows partition, reinstalling Windows and deleting the virtual hard disk… As you can see from this story computer problem solving is sometimes an art. You need to be creative and find unexpected solutions. Also make sure that you always have a USB stick or DVD with rescue tools. You never know when you’ll need them. I could also tell you a story about a time when the only solution was to remove the hard drive while booting and to hot-plug it in after that. Let’s leave this for another day.
28/08/2012
Computer Hardware
Introduction
Special points of interest:
Computer Hardware Early History of Computing Hardware
Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that comprise a computer system. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of computer such as monitor, keyboard, hard disk, mouse, etc. refers to objects that you can actually touch, like disks, disk drives, display screens, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips. In contrast, software is untouchable. Software exists as ideas, application, concepts, and symbols, but it has no substance. A combi-
nation of hardware and software forms a usable computing system. The history of computing hardware starting at 1960 is marked by the conversion from vacuum tube to solid state devices such as the transistor and later the integrated circuit. By 1959 discrete transistors were considered sufficiently reliable and economical that they made further vacuum tube computers uncompetitive. Computer main memory slowly moved away from mag-
netic core memory devices to solid-state static and dynamic semiconductor memory, which greatly reduced the cost, size and power consumption of computer devices. Eventually the cost of integrated circuit devices became low enough that home computers and personal computers became widespread.
Inside this issue:
Home Computing ASUS takes a lead Computer Hardware for Gaming Computer Hardware for Professionals 5 6 7 10
History of Computing Hardware (1960s– present)
The mass increase in the use of computers accelerated with 'Third Generation' computers. These generally relied on Jack Kilby's invention of the integrated circuit (or microchip), starting around 1965. However, the IBM System/360 used hybrid circuits, which were solidstate devices interconnected on a substrate with discrete wires.
Peripheral Equipment 11 Qubee’s New Offer Interesting Story 15 16
Description: Data General NOVA System Date: 7 January 2011, Source: Goodwill Computer Museum
Computer Hardware
Cont.…..
The first integrated circuit was produced in September 1958 but computers using them didn't begin to appear until 1963. Some of their early uses were in embedded systems, notably used by NASA for the Apollo Guidance Computer, by the military in the LGM-30 Minuteman intercontinental ballistic missile, and in the Central Air Data Computer used for flight control in the US Navy's F-14A Tomcat fighter jet. By 1971, the Illiac IV supercomputer, which was the fastest computer in the world for several years, used about a quarter-million small-scale ECL logic gate integrated circuits to make up sixty-four parallel data processors.[1]
Illiac IV
Mainframe Computers
“Quality is more important than quantity, One home run is much better than two doubles” - Steve Jobs
While large mainframe computers such as the System/360 increased storage and processing abilities, the integrated circuit also allowed development of much smaller computers. The minicomputer was a significant innovation in
the 1960s and 1970s. It brought computing power to more people, not only through more convenient physical size but also through broadening the computer vendor field. Digital Equipment Corporation became the number two computer company
behind IBM with their popular PDP and VAX computer systems. Smaller, affordable hardware also brought about the development of important new operating systems like Unix.
Nova: Minicomputers
In 1969, Data General shipped a total of 50,000 Novas at $8000 each. The Nova was one of the first 16-bit minicomputers and led the way toward word lengths that were multiples of the 8bit byte. It was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. Also notable was that the entire central processor was contained on one 15inch printed circuit board.
Data General’s Nova
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Computer Fundamentals
TV Typewriter
In 1973, the TV Typewriter, designed by Don Lancaster, provided electronics hobbyists with a display of alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. It used $120 worth of electronics components, as outlined in the September 1973 issue of Radio Electronics magazine. The original design included two memory boards and could generate and store 512 characters as 16 lines of 32 characters. A 90-minute cassette tape provided supplementary storage for about 100 pages of text. His design used minimalistic hardware to generate the timing of the various signals needed to create the TV signal. Clive Sinclair later used the same approach in his legendary Sinclair ZX80.
TV Typewriter by Don Lancaster
Fourth generation
The basis of the fourth generation was the invention of the microprocessor by a team at Intel. Unlike third generation minicomputers, which were essentially scaled down versions of mainframe computers, the fourth generation's origins are fundamentally different[clarification needed]. Microprocessor-based computers were originally very limited in their computational ability and speed, and were in no way an attempt to downsize the minicomputer. They were addressing an entirely different market. Although processing power and storage capacities have grown beyond all recognition since the 1970s, the underlying technology of large-scale integration (LSI) or very-largescale integration (VLSI) microchips has remained basically the same, so it is widely regarded that most of today's computers still belong to the fourth generation.
“Do you want to spend the rest of your life selling sugared water or do you want a chance to change the world?” – Steve Jobs
Intel’s Microprocessor
On November 15, 1971, Intel released the world's first commercial microprocessor, the 4004. It was developed for a Japanese calculator company, Busicom, as an alternative to hardwired cirPage 3
cuitry, but computers were developed around it, with much of their processing abilities provided by one small microprocessor chip. Coupled with one of Intel's other products - the
RAM chip, based on an invention by Robert Dennard of IBM, (kilobits of memory on one chip) - the microprocessor allowed fourth generation computers to be smaller and faster than prior computers.
Intel 4004 Processor
Computer Hardware
Supercomputers: Cray-1
At the other end of the computing spectrum from the microcomputers, the powerful supercomputers of the era also used integrated circuit technology. In 1976 the Cray-1 was developed by Seymour Cray, who had left Control Data in 1972 to form his own company. This machine, the first supercomputer to make vector processing practical, had a characteristic horseshoe shape, to speed processing by shortening circuit paths. Vector processing, which uses one instruction to perform the same operation on many arguments, has been a fundamental supercomputer processing method ever since. The Cray-1 could calculate 150 million floating point operations per second (150 megaflops). 85 were shipped at a price of $5 million each. The Cray-1 had a CPU that was mostly constructed of SSI and MSI ECL ICs.
Super computer: Cray-1
Microcomputer emerges
“Being the richest man in the cemetery doesn’t matter to me...Going to bed at night saying we’ve done something wonderful– that’s what matter to me” - Steve Jobs
First Personal Computer by Apple
The advent of the microprocessor and solid-state memory made home computing affordable. Early hobby microcomputer systems such as the Altair 8800 and Apple I introduced around 1975 marked the release of low-cost 8-bit processor chips, which had sufficient computing power to be of interest to hobby and experimental users. By 1977 pre-assembled systems such as the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 (later dubbed the "1977 Trinity" by
Byte Magazine)[10] began the era of mass-market home computers; much less effort was required to obtain an operating computer, and applications such as games, word processing, and spreadsheets began to proliferate. Distinct from computers used in homes, small business systems were typically based on CP/M, until IBM introduced the IBMPC, which was quickly adopted. The PC was heavily cloned, leading to mass production and consequent cost reduction throughout the 1980s.
This expanded the PCs presence in homes, replacing the home computer category during the 1990s and leading to the current monoculture of architecturally identical personal computers.
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Computer Fundamentals
Computer Hardware: Home Computing
New quad-core Intel Core i5 processors are standard on the new iMac. Choose a 21.5inch iMac with a 2.5GHz or 2.7GHz quad -core Intel Core i5. Or expand your view with a 27-inch iMac featuring a 2.7GHz or 3.1GHz quad -core Intel Core i5. You can even configure iMac with the fastest quadcore processor available — the Intel Core i7. All models use Intel’s recently refined chipsets. That means the new iMac performs nearly twice as fast as the previous generation,1 adding a new dimension of speed to everything you do. And since Mac OS X is designed to take advantage of each core, it captures every last bit of performance from the processor.
Apple iMac (Price 98,000-1,40,000)
HP’s Desktop PC
Features
2nd Generation Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2400 quadcore processor [3.1GHz, 6MB cache] 2nd Generation Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2500 quad-core processor [3.3GHz, 6MB cache] 2nd Generation Intel(R) Core(TM) i72600 quad-core processor w Turbo-Boost [up to 3.8GHz, 8MB cache] Featuring Windows 7 Home Premium and/or other operating systems The latest evolution of HP’s TouchSmart software makes it easier to be entertained, get creative, and have fun. Enjoy the award-winning multi -touch technology suite which makes it easier than ever to personalize and access your digital content. Elevate your listening experience with premium music playback that MP3 players can’t touch. Make it sound the way you like it—the Beats Audio Console allows you to customize your output through a powerful, easy-to-use equalizer. The modern all-in-one design keeps your world clutter free: just plug it in and you’re ready to go. A stunning 23” diagonal widescreen display becomes the best canvas in the house for all your family activities. Slide the 23" screen down to a 60º angle for the most conformable viewing position and touch interaction.
“Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one. “ - Bill Gates
Acer’s All in One: Z3 Series
The Acer Z3 Series is all-inone PCs feature intuitive 21.5" Full HD touchscreens1 lights up your digital life with an exciting new look and feel. The Acer TouchPortal provides a smarter way to access your PC and the Internet, and
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gives you cool, hands-on
control of today's latest HD multimedia and social networking. Plus, premium PC performance lets you use all your favorite apps at the same time -- multitask with multi-touch!
HP TouchSmart 610-1250xt Desktop PC
Computer Hardware
IdeaCentre desktops come in all shapes and sizes. There's the skinny all-in-one that hides its working bits, the tiny nettop no larger than a book, and the regular desktop that traditionalists will view with satisfaction.
IdeaCentre Desktops
”If you need a PC that takes up as little physical space as possible, this computer (IdeaCentre Q150) gets the job done and costs next to nothing, too.” —— WIRED
ASUS Desktops
Feature:
“Success is a lousy teacher. It seduces smart people into thinking they can't lose.” —Bill Gates
The ASUS Desktops move away from bulky traditional PCs and transforms into a simple, lightweight miniature form. No matter where you put it, it blends in and reflects your lifestyle. No longer a lonely study or office space fixture, the Desktops fits just as well next to your media center or in the bedroom – it can go anywhere. enjoyment. Desktop PCs embed 802.11b/g/n wireless, delivering high speed internet connectivity. USB 3.0 with 625MB/s transfer speeds is also included, up to ten times faster than USB 2.0.
Get high quality surround sound for realistic sonic experiences. The Desktop Series supports 8 channel surround, giving you deeper auditory
ASUS takes a lead in Desktop’s World.
Asus desktop reflects a tradition of the finest product quality, innovation and longevity. Based on PCWorld USA’s 2011 reliability and service survey, users ranked ASUS as the leading choice for Windows Desktops, citing high satisfaction due to reliability, value and quiet operation. ASUS desktops receive further praise for performance, design, upgradability and connectivity.
ASUS Desktop Series
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Computer Fundamentals
Dell: Vostro Tower Desktop Series
Feature
Starting with a 3rd Generation Intel® Core™ i5 Processor, this desktop PC has the commanding power to meet the growing organization's needs of tomorrow. with a professional operating system
More memory and a video card upgrade for improved graphics performance.
Includes more storage and memory
Future-ready processor with basic storage and memory for everyday business needs
Built to handle any task
Dell: Vostro 470 Mini Tower Desktop
Computer Hardware: GAMING & Animation
NVIDIA awakened the world to computer graphics when it invented the GPU in 1999. From our roots in visual computing, we’ve expanded into super, mobile and cloud computing. NVIDIA's mobile processors are used in smartphones, tablets and auto infotainment systems. PC gamers rely on GPUs to enjoy spectacularly immersive worlds. Professionals use them to create visual effects in movies and design everything from golf clubs to jumbo jets. And researchers utilize GPUs to advance the frontiers of science with highperformance computers.
“The weapon of choice for Gamers” — -nVIDIA
GEFORCE: AMAZING VISUAL EXPERIENCES
Our heritage is in PC graphics, and our GeForce® processors deliver amazing visual experiences to a booming gaming market — opening week game sales regularly outstrip sales of blockbuster Hollywood movies. The PC gaming market is expected to reach $25B in 2016. And gaming is one of the most popular activities in China’s 160,000+ icafes. Beyond gaming, GeForce processors power the sleekest ultrabooks so users can do things like edit movies, retouch photos and play games without compromise. GeForce notebook GPUs also efficiently power the MacBook Pro and its dazzling 2880×1800 Retina display.
GeForce Motherboard
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Computer Hardware
QUADRO: THE PROFESSIONALS’ CHOICE
In the early 2000s, our invention of a programmable processor expanded NVIDIA’s reach into professional graphics. Today, the majority of the world’s cars and planes, as well as a host of consumer products like tennis shoes and
nVIDIA Quadro Pro for Professionals
shampoo bottles, are designed using Quadro® solutions. In film, Quadro GPUs were behind all of the “Best Visual Effects” Oscar nominees for the past three years running. With NVIDIA Maximus technology, designers and engineers
TESLA: ACCELERATING SCIENCE
“As we look ahead into the next century, leaders will be those who empower others. “ ——-Bill Gates
NVIDIA’s expertise in programmable GPUs has led to breakthroughs in parallel processing. Scientists and researchers around the world are using Tesla® GPUs to tackle the most complex challenges, from climate modeling to
quantum physics to finding a cure for cancer. NVIDIA® CUDA® architecture enables GPUs to work not just with the pixels of an image, but with numerical data. NVIDIA Tesla processors harness CUDA to make supercomputing more efficient
and more accessible. Today, CUDA is taught in more than 560 universities. On the June 2012 list of Top500 supercomputers, more than 50 systems were powered by NVIDIA GPUs, rising from 10 in just 18 months.
TEGRA: THE MOBILE SUPER CHIP
Tegra®, a mobile super chip, powers the next generation of mobile devices, as well as in-car safety and infotainment systems. Tegra 3’s 4PLUS-1 architecture — four powerful CPU cores handle demanding tasks while a fifth low-power, battery-saver core manages less strenuPage 8
ous tasks — provides outstanding performance and exceptional battery life. The Asus Transformer Prime tablet and super phones from HTC, Fujitsu and ZTE are just a few of the devices that feature the super chip. NVIDIA continues to build on its early tech leadership in the mobile com-
puting revolution. In 2012, the number of Tegra phone design wins has doubled, from 15 to 30; Tegra was selected by Asus to power the world’s first WinRT tablet; and Google chose Tegra for its own Android tablet, the Nexus 7.
Computer Fundamentals
GIGABYTE Unveils GeForce® GTX 660 Ti WINDFORCE
GIGABYTE Technology Co. LTD, a leading manufacturer of motherboards and graphics cards, is pleased to introduce the latest own-designed gaming graphics card, GVN66TOC-2GD. Based on the innovative Kepler architecture of NVIDIA, GIGABYTE GV-N66TOC-2GD is built with GeForce® GTX 660 Ti GPU which utilizes the latest 28nm fabrication process, GDDR5 memory and 1344 CUDA cores. GVN66TOC-2GD is supported with Microsoft DirectX® 11 and PCI-Express 3.0. These features not only improve the processing ability but provide gamers a faster, smoother and richer gaming experience. GV-N66TOC-2GD represents “Kepler sweet spot" which brings gaming experience with ultimate combination of performance, power efficiency, and affordability. Supported by NVIDIA® 3D Vision Surround, 3D Vision™, PhysX® and 3-way SLI®, GV-N66TOC-2GD guarantees an extreme experience. Equipped with the innovative Kepler GPU Dynamic Clocking technology, GV-N66TOC-2GD dynamically adjusts clock speeds to bring out the best performance for every gamer.
Gigabyte Graphics Card
GIGABYTE Ultra Durable™ 5 Technology
GIGABYTE Ultra Durable™ 5 technology includes high current capable components for the CPU power zone including the highest rated and awarded IR3550 PowIRstage® ICs from International Rectifier, 2X Copper PCB and high current Ferrite Core Chokes rated up to 60A, which together are able to deliver up to 60°C* cooler temperatures than traditional motherboards. Featured on a range of new motherboards based the Intel® X79 and Z77 Express Chipsets, GIGABYTE Ultra Durable™ 5 technology is the next evolution in quality motherboard design. “At Microsoft there are lots of brilliant ideas but the image is that they all come from the top - I'm afraid that's not quite right. “ ——-Bill Gates
GIGABYTE Presents World’s First 28nm Architecture Radeon™ HD 7970 Series Graphics Cards
GIGABYTE Technology Co. LTD, a leading manufacturer of motherboards and graphics cards, is pleased to introduce the latest GV-R797D5-3GD-B and GV-R797OC-3GD graphics cards. The GV-R797D5-3GD-B and GVR797OC-3GD are built with the highly anticipated AMD RadeonTM HD 7970 GPU, which utilizes the latest 4.3 bilPage 9
lon transistors on 28nm fabrication process and GDDR5 memory. AMD RadeonTM HD 7970 GPU supports dual advanced programmable tessellation engines, Microsoft DirectX® 11, AMD Eyefinity 2.0 technology, AMD PowerTune technology, AMD Accelerated Parallel Processing (APP) technology, and AMD HD3D technology. With these features, AMD RadeonTM HD 7970 series is proved to provide gamers an impressive
experience with non-compromise performance and flawless graphics quality. Furthermore, GV-R797OC-3GD is equipped with GIGABYTE’s latest patent-pending "Triangle Cool" Technology plus the exclusive WINDFORCE™ 3X Cooling Technology. GV-R797OC-3GD is designed especially for gamers to achieve an unbeatable gaming performance and to meet a higher standard more easily.
Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware: Professionals, Entertainers
The 15-inch MacBook Pro features the new 2.3GHz and 2.6GHz quad-core Intel Core i7 processors with 6MB of shared L3 cache and Turbo Boost speeds up to 3.6GHz. And you can configure it to be even faster. Choose the 2.7GHz quad-core Intel Core i7 with 8MB of cache
Apple MacBook Pro
and Turbo Boost speeds up to 3.7GHz. And go for the new 512GB thirdgeneration SATA solidstate drive, which is up to 4x faster than a traditional hard drive. To increase storage, upgrade to a 1TB hard drive.
Sony VAIO E14A Series
“Life is not fair; get used to it.“—Bill Gates VAIO E14A Series. The distinctive wrap design, accent color, and matching accessories are sure to catch the eye, and the model also boasts long battery life and superb sound quality. Further features include a large touchpad and HD camera— Long battery life all of which adds up to a Superb sound quality notebook that will keep you USB* charging of other dein style on the go.
vices at any time
Features:
An attractive notebook that
Ultra-fast USB 3.0 connectivity
expresses your unique person- High-class performance ality Hybrid Graphics System
HP Entertainment Series
3rd generation Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3320M (2.4 GHz, 3MB L3 Cache ) 3rd generation Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3612QM (2.1 GHz, 6MB L3 Cache ) Featuring Windows 7 Home Premium and/or other operating systems Download media fast and keep your Internet and games running faster. To make mobile gaming easier, laptop comes with a numeric keypad and the innovative Touchpad, made exclusively for better precision and improved gesture responsiveness. Plus, a battery life of up to 9.25 hours and a starting weight of 5.66 lb. makes packing up and playing at a friend’s easy. Movies. Music. Games. See every move on the wide screen and hear every beat. Subwoofer for sound enhancing entertainment. Stay connected to what’s important in your world. Keep up with friends and chat in high definition with the HP TrueVision HD[2] Webcam[3]. Access popular websites with a swipe of a finger. HP SimplePass with one-time password provides secure online access.
HP Pavilion Notebook Entertainment Series
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Computer Fundamentals
Computer Hardware: Peripheral Equipment
Canon Printer PIXMA All in ones:
A PIXMA all-in-one offers you everything you need for a home or small office and beyond. Replace the need for multiple individual devices with one compact unit that can print, copy, scan and fax amazing photos and documents – saving both space and cost.
Ultra fast rendering Environmental technology High productivity Intuitive control
Feature:
Perfectly precise Lasting colours Creative printing Stay connected anywhere Print wirelessly from iPhone Multiple capabilities at home or office
Caption describing picture or graphic.
Intel® Xeon® processor E5 family: powerful performance, flexible features
Today’s private clouds enable greater business agility and efficiency by delivering innovative and scalable services that drive value back into the organizations they serve. Building and managing these services require systems that scale to meet your ever changing needs, while delivering solutions to the challenges IT managers face every day. Server and storage platforms based on the Intel® Xeon® processor E5 family are built to be
“Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower.”—- Steve Jobs
VISION FX Technology from AMD
Take the lead with the world’s first native 8core desktop processor. Overclock for a big boost in performance and speed1. Perform mega-tasking and get pure core performance with new “Bulldozer” architecPage 11
ture. Count on an extra rush of speed when you need it most with AMD Turbo CORE Technology. Reveal eye-boggling HD detail and help render complex characters in real-time with support for DirectX® 11. See more of your sur-
roundings on up to six displays at once with AMD Eyefinity Technology3. Maximize your performance with tuning controls in the easy-to-use AMD OverDrive™ software1. Enjoy stable, smooth performance with impressive energy efficiency thanks to a 32nm die.
AMD latest Processor
Computer Hardware
Kingston: System-Specific Desktop/Notebook Memory
Kingston® offers extremely reliable, highperformance desktop memory and sells more notebook upgrade memory than anyone in the world. Every module is customized and tested to meet the exact specification requirements of each system. Kingston uses only the most reliable and respected components in the industry to ensure maximum performance and legendary Kingston reliability.
Kingston RAM
Corsair is a worldwide designer and supplier of high-performance components to the PC gaming hardware
Corsair has been a pioneer in high-speed dynamic memory module design and manufacture since 1994, resulting in more high-speed experience than anyone in the industry. Corsair has developed an industry- wide reputation for quality, compatibility and performance. Corsair Dominator® memory has consistently set world performance records and won numerous awards. Corsair memory modules are designed to support all consumer usage models, from daily productivity enhancement to build your own one of a kind extreme performance PC. Corsair Dominator and XMS memory modules are available with a wide range of heat spreaders form factor and cooling fans to support standard operating temperature to the most challenging thermal condition.
“ " Stay Hungry Stay Foolish"—— Steve Jobs
Samsung EX2020X 20" LED Monitor
Samsung's LED monitors deliver a visually stunning picture quality that leaves you speechless. Just as you’ve seen in Samsung LED TV’s, our LED monitors make colors more rich and the action more real than you’ve dreamt possible. Let the story come to life with vivid colors and crystal-clear detail. Feature:
Consume Less Energy and Run Cooler Ultra-Slim Design Perfect Viewing from Every Angle
Samsung latest LED Monitor
Breakthrough Picture Quality with LED Technology
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Computer Fundamentals
Your mouse works where others don't—even on glass.
A glass desk or shiny table shouldn’t stand in the way of your ability to work or play. With Logitech Dark field Laser Tracking™, you’ve got better precision on a wider range of surfaces. That means clear glass (4 mm minimum thickness) and lacquered desks— surfaces that stump optical mice and standard laser mice—are no obstacle. Anywhere means use it on virtually any surface. A glass hotel table. The back of your laptop bag balanced on your lap. So wherever you’re headed and whatever you’re mousing on, the world is your mouse pad. With the Logitech Performance Mouse MX, nothing stands in your way. You can conquer any surface and task without a second thought. With your Logitech Performance Mouse MX, you’ve got the power to achieve.
Logitech Latest Mouses
Apple Magic Mouse
The same Multi-Touch technology first introduced on the revolutionary iPhone comes to the mouse. It’s called Magic Mouse, and it’s the world’s first Multi-Touch mouse. Click anywhere, scroll in any direction, and swipe through images on its smooth, seamless top shell. It works wirelessly using Bluetooth, so you don’t have to worry about cables or adapters cluttering your workspace. And built-in software lets you configure Magic Mouse any way you want. “Just in terms of allocation of time resources, religion is not very efficient. There's a lot more I could be doing on a Sunday morning.”—Bill Gates
Logitech: Wireless Solar Keyboard K760
Say good-bye to battery hassles, this wireless keyboard is powered by any light—low light and lamp light, indoors and out. Fully charged, it works for at least three months—even in total darkness.
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The easy-switching Bluetooth® connection makes typing on your Mac and switching to type on your iPad or iPhone as simple and easy as pushing a button. The perfect match for your
Mac, you get a familiar layout with all the keys you expect—Command, Brightness and Eject keys and more. And the slim, minimalist design goes wherever you go with your Mac, iPad or iPhone.
Logitech Wireless Solar Keyboard
Computer Hardware
Apple Wireless Keyboard: Nothing peripheral about it
The incredibly thin Apple Wireless Keyboard sits on your desk surrounded by nothing but glorious space. It’s cable-free, so you’re free to type wherever you like — with the keyboard in front of your computer or even on your lap. Not only does the Apple Wireless Keyboard come standard with the new iMac, it’s perfect for any Bluetoothenabled Mac.
“Life is not fair; get used to it.“— Bill Gates
The Apple Wireless Keyboard now requires just two AA batteries — one less than the previous model. And its intelligent power management system conserves battery life. So when you’re not using it, the keyboard automatically powers down. The instant you start typing, your keyboard turns on.
Logitech Wireless Speaker
Features:
Stream stereo audio instantly from any Bluetooth smartphone or tablet. Your mobile device stays mobile, and you have the freedom to move around with it. Listen to music or other audio from your smartphone or tablet on your favorite speakers— with better sound quality than you can get from builtin speakers.
Apple Wireless Keyboard
Logitech software for Bluetooth configures your Logitech Wireless Speaker Adapter to work with your smartphone or tablet, so it’s easy to set up and use. You have the flexibility to
use almost any pair of powered speakers you like. Attach Logitech Wireless Speaker Adapter for Bluetooth audio devices to your speakers using standard analog RCA or 3.5 mm jacks. The sleek styling looks good on a shelf or can be hidden away discreetly. The choice is yours.
Belkin: Laptop Cooling Pad
The Laptop Cooling Pad's unique patented wave design prevents your laptop from overheating. It uses natural convection to enhance fan cooling, and ensures low power consumption via your laptop's USB port. It requires no bulky power adapters.
Belkin Cooling Pad
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Computer Fundamentals
Qubee: Pocket Wi-Fi Modem
A pocket size wireless internet device. Use it on the go to securely connect to everything in your life. It does all the work, so you don’t have to. Feature:
vices securely.
Enhanced 4G performance with no interruptions Lasts up to four hours on a single charge 700 Square Feet Coverage
Connects up to 5 de-
Banglalion Wimax: Service Plan
Considering the requirement of different types of users, Banglalion offers two types of devices. 1. USB Modem 2. Indoor Modem USB Modem is plug n play, small, can be easily carried and no additional power required. Just plug it into your PC or laptop. It will be automatically installed and you are ready to go! Indoor modem is bigger in size, has built-in Wi-Fi router, robust and stable in performance. The Right Device If you like to use your connection in different locations under Banglalion coverage area, if you like mobility and cost effective device, then the USB Modem is ideal for you. The price of USB modem is
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BDT 1,999 for postpaid and BDT 2,499 for prepaid connections. If you have the requirement of using the connection in a fixed location, if you are looking for stronger signal and if you like to share your connection with others within your premises, then Indoor Modem is the right device for you. The selling price of Indoor modem with built-in WiFi router is BDT 4,999 for postpaid connections.
“If I'd had some set idea of a finish line, don't you think I would have crossed it years ago? “—-Bill Gates
Business Name
Hard drive and Computer problem solving: An interesting story
What can you do when your PC fails to boot, doesn’t load an OS, or crashes? Well, if you are up to the task you can try to solve the problem yourself. With some patience and perseverance you can achieve this. So let’s make it more difficult. Your resources, tools and time to solve the problem are limited. Let’s see an example story: Multi-OS nightmare You are writing a report on a quiet Sunday evening. Although the report is due on the next day, you are doing well and only some minor details remain. You decide to take a break and remember that the new Windows preview was made available a few days ago. You convince yourself that you should give it a try. Only problem is that your system is already dualbooting Windows 7 and Crunchbang Linux. So you think it would be easier to install Windows 8 on a virtual hard disk. You search for instructions online and you find it easy enough. You follow the instructions and surprise surprise you can’t boot into any of the three operating systems. Now what? It’s clear something has gone terribly wrong. Now this might be a relatively easy case if you had the time, resources and tools to solve it. But you don’t. Here is what you have: -An old laptop with a BIOS that doesn’t support booting from a usb drive. You have been using Plop Boot Manager for this. -A USB drive with Crunchbang Linux -A USB drive with the Windows 8 installation program. -An old DVD disc that has a Truecrypt rescue image. You stopped using Truecrypt a while ago. -An old DVD disc with the Windows 7 installation program. -Did I forgot to mention? Your laptop’s DVD drive is not working properly. It is essentially broken but it can sometimes read DVDs. -Limited time. You need to solve this quickly. That’s all you have. Now let’s describe what happens when you try to boot: -Windows 8 tries to load but it doesn’t respond after a while. It doesn’t get to the point where you can choose safe mode or any repair options. -Plop Boot Manager was overwritten by the Windows installation. -Your DVD drive doesn’t read the Windows 7 installation DVD. So, you can’t boot from the hard disk, you can’t boot from a USB drive and you can’t boot from the DVD. You are stuck and frustrated. Is there a solution using only what you have? You try anyway with what’s left. You try booting from the Truecrypt rescue disk. Why? You don’t know why. After many tries, your DVD drive succeeds in reading the disc. The Truecrypt rescue options appear. So what? This has nothing to do with encryption. You haven’t been using Truecrypt anymore. Then out of curiosity you select the option to restore the loader stored in the Truecrypt rescue image. You reboot and you suddenly see the Plop boot manager! It seems that when you saved the Truecrypt rescue image you were also using Plop and it got saved too. Now you can boot from a usb drive. So you try to boot into the Windows 8 installation again but after a while it stops responding too. What is going on?! Next choice is to boot into a Crunchbang Linux live session. This works! You start GParted and see that something is wrong with the partitions of your hard drive. Your hard disk’s partition table is all screwed up. Gparted can’t solve this so you try Testdisk. After spending some time trying to find the correct partition table, you eventually succeed and write the correct partition table. You also fix the MBR. You reboot into Linux again (Windows still not working) and mount all the partitions, which enables you to save all your work before doing one last thing: formatting the Windows partition, reinstalling Windows and deleting the virtual hard disk… As you can see from this story computer problem solving is sometimes an art. You need to be creative and find unexpected solutions. Also make sure that you always have a USB stick or DVD with rescue tools. You never know when you’ll need them. I could also tell you a story about a time when the only solution was to remove the hard drive while booting and to hot-plug it in after that. Let’s leave this for another day.
