Distributed Antenna Systems
(DAS)
Agenda
• About
Ab t th
the S
Speaker:
k C
Connectivity
ti it Wireless
Wi l
• Market Drivers
– Cellular and wireless data growth/usage trends
– Public Safety Communication mandates
– DAS market
• Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Basics
• DAS Deployment Process
Connectivity Wireless – Leader in DAS deployments
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Headquartered in Atlanta, GA
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Degreed engineering resources in regional markets
East
Midwest
Northeast
West
Southeast
Southwest
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More than 100 employees and aggressively growing
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More than 1,700 in-building DAS installations in 48 states
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L d iin 2G
Leader
2G, 3G and
d 4G DAS iinstallations
ll i
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Company founded by leaders in carrier organizations
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300+ years of DAS installation experience
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Total turnkey solution provider with neutral host expertise
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Strong carrier and channel relationships
First, what is a DAS?
A Distributed Antenna System or DAS, is a network of
spatially separated antennas connected to a transport
medium – typically coax or fiber-optic cable -- that provides
wireless
i l
service
i within
ithi a b
building
ildi or structure.
t t
The DAS can be driven by a direct connection to a radio
base station or an “off
off-air
air” repeater/signal booster
booster.
More on this latter…
Market Drivers
DAS Market in 2000 – That was then…
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Wireless services primarily limited to voice
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In-building expectations were low among commercial customers
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Coverage was a “carrier problem”
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No enterprise budget for DAS
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Customers looked to their primary carrier for coverage
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Customers accepted carrier terms in exchange for DAS
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Fiber DAS technology was new and single-carrier
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Carriers were the main purchasers of DAS systems
DAS Market Drivers
1
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Mobile Data and Cellular Growth
70% of mobile calls originating indoors, reliable wireless
communication is a must-have productivity tool
Smartphones and air cards
Data revenue and usage growth
– VZW 2Q2009 data revenue up 52.6% to $3.9B
– AT&T 2Q2009 data revenue up 37% to $3.4B – (108B text
messages)
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Wireless data revenue 28% of total wireless
Wireless data drives demand for in-building cellular across the
board
4G
DAS Market drivers
2
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Mandates for radio service for Public Safety
Mandates for radio service for Public Safety
Since 9/11, renewed focus on fail-proof emergency
communications, especially for first-responders
700 & 800 MHz bands allocated for Fire and Police
Indoor Cellular/PCS service required for E911 location
ICC & NFPA 72 codes describe first-responder coverage specs
150+ local municipalities now mandate public safety coverage
inside large buildings for new and existing venues
Hundreds of thousands of wireless 911 calls made daily
(CTIA Wireless
Wi l
Semi-Annual
S iA
lS
Survey, JJuly
l 2009)
Market Evolution
Product Need
Product Need
Single‐Carrier Solutions
Single‐Carrier Solutions Multi‐Carrier Solutions
Multi‐Carrier Solutions
Bandwidth
Buyers
Narrowband
Wireless Carriers
Wireless Carriers
Yesterday
Today
Broadband
Enterprise
Tomorrow
DAS Going Mainstream
DAS Marketplace
Low‐voltage
Service
Evolution
Voice / Data / Video / Security / Wi‐Fi
Voice / Data / Video / Security / Wi
Fi / DAS
DAS
DAS Supplier
Evolution
Radio Dealers / VARs / Elec Contractors & Integrators
Yesterday
Today
Tomorrow
The Players in the DAS Ecosystem
End‐user
Customer
Who Needs a DAS ?
Common DAS Venues
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Corporate offices (Fortune 500)
Multi-tenant high-rise buildings
University campuses
Hospitals / Health Care facilities
Manufacturing facilities
Upscale hotels and high-rise condos
Casinos
Stadiums / Sports Venues
Convention centers
Federal/local Government facilities
Low E Glass
Low E Glass reflects
or absorbs IR light
(heat energy) AND
(heat energy) AND
radio waves, causing
major in‐building
wireless coverage
problems.
Wireless Drivers in Healthcare
•
Mobile Workforce: doctors, patients, and visitors expect
mobile p
phones to work throughout
g
the hospital
p
and rely
y on
the Cellular/PCS WAN network for data services
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Emergency Services: Police, Fire and EMS need their
radios to work in all areas of the hospital.
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Family members in hospital and waiting rooms need to
communicate frequently to friends and family back home
via mobile devices
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Enhancing coverage of paging and the private 2-way radio
network
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Traditional business and data applications are going
wireless
Wireless Drivers in Higher Education
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First-responders need reliable 2-way radio
coverage
g in all buildings,
g , tunnels,, basements,, etc.
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Student and faculty multi-carrier cell phone
coverage is a matter of convenience and safety
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Demand for coverage in sport stadiums
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Parents – want instant access to their kids
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Students use wireless as primary mode of voice
and data communications
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Colleges/universities are decommissioning land
lines in dorms and buildings
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Universities are using email / websites to
communicate with students and faculty
Wireless Drivers in Hospitality
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Unlike a university or hospital, hotel and casino
customers can stay/go
y g elsewhere if they
y experience
p
poor cellular coverage
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Travelers reliant on smart phones and data cards
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Customer satisfaction and retention is driving DAS in
the hospitality sector
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A meeting planner that books a conference at a hotel
with poor cellular coverage will only make that mistake
once
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Resort properties: how may people turn-off their
BlackBerrys when they’re on a short vacation? What
corner of the property gets coverage?
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Similar to higher-education, hotel Wi-Fi deployment is
likely a leading indicator for future DAS deployments
Wireless Drivers in Public Venues
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Stadiums, conference centers, malls and public
transportation
p
hubs have too many
y users trying
y g
to access the wireless network simultaneously
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Large concentrations of people causes poor
service, dropped calls
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Density of users affects venue directly AND
wireless coverage and capacity in the
surrounding areas
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Wireless network must support Public Safety and
communications for security personnel
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Local codes
In-Building Basics
How It Works – Single Site
Donor
Antenna
Coverage
Antennas
Coax
Public Safety
Donor Site
Coax
Cabling
Fiber Distribution
Remote Unit
Fiber
Distribution
Head- End
Equipment
Bi-directional
Amplifier or Repeater
Fiber
Cabling
Head-End
Equipment Room
Cellular
Signal
Source
DAS in multi-site or Campus setting
Donor
Antenna
Coax
Cabling
Fiber
Cabling
Fiber R
Fib
Remote
t U
Units
it
or Expansion Hubs
Fiber Links
H dE d
Head-End
Equipment Room
The Deployment Process
The Connectivity Wireless Solution
Coverage Needs Analysis
Coverage Needs Analysis
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Key measurements that demonstrate signal quality
– RSSI / Received Signal Strength Indicator
• Measured in dBm
• -85 dBm is the typical threshold
• Lower dBm ( e.g. -95 dBm) = lower signal
– RF Q
Quality
lit
• Typically a Signal to Noise based ratio – Ec/Io, SQE, C/I
• Thresholds vary per service provider
• Noisy room example (high rise)
– Delivered Audio Quality (DAQ) for Public Safety
• Typical specification requires levels of DAQ 3.4 by definition is:
Speech understandable without repetition. Some noise or distortion present.
– Bit Error Rate / Ratio (BER) for Public Safety
• Also a Signal to Noise based ratio – Eb/No
Coverage Needs Analysis
Site Survey
Site Survey
Installation/Donor Signal Assessment
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Dominant Server Analysis – measure strength (RSSI) & quality (Ec/Io,
(Ec/Io C/I,
C/I SQE) of
donor signal(s) to determine ideal RF donor sites
Spectrum Snapshots – identify potential interference and noise floor design
considerations
In-Building Transmitter Tests (When Warranted) – analyze complex RF
environment path losses using Praxsym transmitters and Anritsu spectrum analyzers
Installation Considerations & Pictures – document key equipment locations,
installation concerns, and notes directly on the building floor plans for easy reference
and design translation
Code & Safety Documentation – maintain client, industry & government safety
regulations
Scope Confirmation – confirm end user expectations match customer scope
Site Survey Package (A la carte) - includes documentation of the preceding
information
Site Survey
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Scope of Project
– Floors and Square Footage
– Service Providers
– Building
B ildi Environment
E i
t (dense,
(d
open floor,
fl
etc)
t )
•
Floor Plans
– Updated,
Updated accurate,
accurate interior walling
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Rooftop signal strength
– Phones and Spectrum Analyzer readings
Site Survey: Additional Questions
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Existing RF systems currently deployed
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Roof Mount Area & access
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Head-End Equipment Room
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Power and Wall Space
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MDF and IDF locations
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Type of cable – fire vs. plenum
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Public Safety – frequency list
In-Building Design
Design
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iBwave (RF-Vu + RF-Propagation) – Industry standard software that
predicts wireless coverage for all major wireless technologies (iDEN
(iDEN, CDMA
CDMA,
GSM, WiMAX, 802.11b/g/a) for a variety of DAS technologies used to
produce:
– Design Drawings are highly detailed & accurate depiction of equipment
placement including riser diagrams and floor by floor layouts
– “Heat” Maps are color coded representation of predicted received RF levels
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Bill of Materials Development – determining accurate material quantities
and types based upon technical requirements and cost
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Design Package – Scope of Work, Bill of Materials, Link Budgets & Design
Drawings
Design
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We know the scope, carriers, and donor signals
– Now what?
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Type of DAS
– Coax , CAT6 or Fiber
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Head End Location
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E i
Equipment
t manufacturers
f t
– Andrew, LGC, Mobile Access and SOLiD
Design: Typical Frequency Bands & Technologies
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AT&T: 850/1900 MHz
GSM and UMTS/WCDMA
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Verizon: 700/850/1900 MHz
LTE,CDMA and EVDO
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Nextel: 800/900 MHz
iDEN/SMR
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Sprint PCS: 1900 MHz
CDMA and EVDO
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T-Mobile:
T
Mobile: 1900/2100 MHz
GSM and AWS
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Public Safety: VHF(150-174MHz), UHF(450-470MHz), 700/800 MHz
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Federal Government: VHF & UHF
Design
Design
Design
Design
Installation
Installation: How Connectivity Does It
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Install In-Building Distributed Antenna Systems of All
Sizes (5k - > 5M ft2)
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Offer Turn-Key or Stand-Alone Installation Services
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g Standardized Installations Nationwide
Manage
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Provide On-Site Project Management for Each
Installation
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Maintain
M
i t i “P
“Professionalism
f
i
li
iis P
Paramountt tto
Connectivity” Motto
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Create As-Built Documentation for Each Project
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CWS partners with preferred contractors for
install
Commissioning
Commissioning
Commissioning Services
– Coaxial Cable and Fiber Testing
• Coaxial Cable Sweeps
• Fiber OTDR Results
– Active Component Commissioning
• Bi-Directional Amplifier
p
((BDA)) Set-Up
p
• Fiber DAS Commissioning (ADC, Andrew,
SOLiD)
• Measure and Record RF Input/Output
L
Levels
l ffor All A
Active
ti and
d passive
i DAS
Components
– Customer Defined “Checklists”
Maintenance
Maintenance Services
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Preventive Maintenance Routines
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Quarterly, Semi-Annual, or Annual
Cable Sweeps and OTDR testing
Comparison of baseline RF to current RF environment
Equipment inventorying and labeling
U d t as-built
Update
b ilt documentation
d
t ti
Response & Repair
– 24x7x365
– Customized SLAs and Maintenance Contracts
– Regular Updates
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Ticket received, in-route, on-site, problem isolated, problem fixed
System
y
Monitoring
g
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Monitor In-Building DAS elements from all vendors
System impairment communication management
Personnel dispatch
24x7x365
Customized Monitoring Contracts
Carrier Coordination
Carrier Coordination
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Necessary to obtain permission from wireless service providers
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Purchased frequencies from FCC/US Government
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Re-transmission agreements
– Repeaters or microcell/base station
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Potential RF issues generated
– Noise
N i flfloor, oscillation,
ill ti
ffrequency-specific,
ifi etc
t
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Carrier monitoring/database
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Coexisting with Public Safety systems
Thank You
Warren Wiggins
National Sales Manager
678.751.1036
[email protected]
Bill Everts
Regional Sales Manager
630.235.0785
beverts.connectivitywireless.com