Data Points - ONE by ONE
Content
1 in 3 Key Data Points Topic: Graduation Rate(National) y High school dropouts are more likely to be unemployed, earn lower wages, have higher rates of public assistance, are more likely to be single parents, and have children at a younger age.1 Every school day 7,000 U.S. students leave high school never to return.2 Based on calculations per school day (180 days of school, seven hours each day), one high school student drops out every nine seconds.3 The dropout rate for students with emotional/behavioral disabilities is approximately twice that of general education students.4 Nationwide, only about 52 percent of Hispanic students and 56 percent of African-American students will graduate in four years, compared with 78 percent of white students.5 High school students from low-income families (the lowest 20 percent) were six times more likely to drop out than students from higher income families. Ultimately, about one half of all dropouts never receive a high school credential.6 Estimates indicate that approximately 30 percent of federal inmates, 40 percent of state prison inmates, and 50 percent of persons on death row are high school non-completers. Moreover, non-completers are 3.5 times more likely than high school completers to be imprisoned at some point during their lifetime.7
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- Swanson, C. (2004, December 9). Setting the stage for a national dialogue: Graduation rates and NCLB. Presented at the Alliance for Excellent Education Graduate Rate Symposium, The National Press Club, Washington, DC. Retrieved May 8, 2007, from www.all4ed.org/publications/MeasuringGraduationToMeasureSuccess/ChrisSwansonPowerPoint.ppt 2 -Alliance for Excellent Education. (n.d.). The crisis in American high schools. Washington: Author. Retrieved April 20, 2007, from http://www.all4ed.org/whats_at_stake/CrisisInHighSchools.pdf 3 -Reimer, M., &Smink, J. (2005). Information about the school dropout issue: Selected facts & statistics. Clemson, SC: National Dropout Prevention Center/Network. Retrieved April 20, 2007, from http://www.dropoutprevention.org/stats/statDocs/School_Dropout_Facts-2005.pdf 4 - Ibid. 5 -Alliance for Excellent Education, n.d. 6 - American Youth Policy Forum. (n.d.). Every nine seconds in America a student becomes a dropout: The dropout problem in numbers. Washington: Author. Retrieved April 20, 2007, from http://www.aypf.org/publications/WhateverItTakes/WIT_nineseconds.pdf 7 - U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2002). Correctional populations in the United States, 1998 (NCJ-192929). Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. Harlow, C.W. (2003). Education and correctional populations.In Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report (NCJ-195670). Washington: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved April 25, 2007, from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ecp.pdf.
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Raising the high school completion rate one percent for all men ages 20 through 60 would save the US $1.4 billion annually in crime related costs.8 Each class of high school dropouts costs the U.S. economy more than $8 billion in incarceration expenses and lost wages per year.17 If the male graduation rate was increased by only five percent, the U.S. could save $7.7 billion a year through reducing crime related costs and increasing earnings.9 In 2009, the unemployment rate for adults without a high school diploma was nearly twice the general unemployment rate. The median weekly income for non-high school graduates was more than 25% below that of high school graduates, and over 40% below the national average.10 (seeFigure 1)
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Figure 1
$1,800 $1,600 $1,400 $1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0
(Avg. = $774) (Avg. = 7.9%)
16%
14.60%
14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%
$454
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In 1964, a high school dropout earned 64 cents for every dollar earned by an individual with at least a high school degree. In 2004, the high school dropout earned only 37 cents for each dollar earned by an individual with more education.11(seeFigure 2)
- Ibid. - Wise, R. (2007, April 24). ³NCLB reauthorization: Modernizing middle and high schools for the 21st century.´ Testimony presented at the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions. 10 - US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved at http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_chart_001.htm 11 - Rouse, C. (September, 2005). The labor market consequences of an inadequate education. Prepared for the Equity Symposium on ³The Social Costs of Inadequate Education´ at Teachers¶ College, Columbia University. Retrieved at http://www.literacycooperative.org/documents/TheLaborMarketConsequencesofanInadequateEd.pdf
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Figure 2
$1.00 $1.00
$0.64 HS Graduate HS Dropout
$0.37
1964
2004
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In cities with the highest dropout rates, up to 40% of first-time ninth grade students repeat the ninth grade, but only 10 15% of those repeaters go on to graduate.12 40% of dropouts in low-income high schools left after ninth grade, compared to 27% in low-poverty districts.13
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Topic: Graduation Rate (Duval County) y 1 in 3 students who begin ninth grade in Duval County this year will not graduate on timeor at all. African American students in Duval County are 67% more likely to not complete high school than White students.14
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- Balfanz, R., &Letgers, N. (2004). Locating the dropout crisis: Which high schools produce the nation¶s dropouts, where are they located, who attends them? Baltimore, MD: Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At-Risk, Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved March 9, 2007 at http://web.jhu.edu/CSOS/graduation-gap/edweek/Crisis_Commentary.pdf 13 - EPE Research Center. (2006, June 22). Diplomas count: An essential guide to graduation rates and policies. EdWeek. Retrieved at http://www.edweek.org/ew/toc/2006/06/22/index.html 14 - Source: FLDOE Graduation Rates by Race by School, 2009-10 data table, Retrieved at http://www.fldoe.org/eias/eiaspubs/default.asp. (Florida state calculations used). [100% - GradRate = DNF rate; Bl(DNF rate) / Wh(DNF rate) = Differential.]
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The graduation rate in Duval County last year was 67%15, while the official dropout rate was only 2.2%. The disappearing rate for students who should have graduated last year was over 30%. (seeFigure 3)
Figure316
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Disappearing rate
Graduation Rate
Dropout rate
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
2000
Of the students who entered 9th grade in 2006: Figure 417
Graduated with diploma
29%
59%
3% 7%
Certificate of completion
Did not graduate - still enrolled
Transferred, withdrawals, other known departures Did not graduate, no longer enrolled
2%
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- (NGA rate) - Source: FLDOE Dropout Rates by District, 1998-99 through 2009-10 and Graduation Rates by District, 1998-99 through 2009-10, Retrieved at http://www.fldoe.org/eias/eiaspubs/default.asp. 17 - LTF Education Briefing #3 (August 2009)
The majority of students who fail to graduate are lost between 9th and tenth grade. Of the Duval County students entering ninth grade in 2006: Figure 5
20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 20,069 14,937 13,582 12,648
¢ ¡
25% loss from 9th to
Topic: Community Engagement (Duval County) y 41%:Percentage of Duval County residents who believe that having a toprated public education system is the most important issue for Jacksonville s future, according to a recent survey. 51%: Percentage of Duval County residents who believe that Jacksonville voters are actively engaged with what their school board is doing by regularly attending meetings, watching them on TV, or following school board business in newspapers or online. 22%: Voter turnout for the 2010 Duval County Primary Election, in which nearly half of the seats on the current school board were determined.
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th gr de 20% loss across all other grades combined
11,842
There are over 123,000 students currently served in Duval County Public Schools. In the 2010 Duval County Primary Election, in which three of seven school board seats were decided, only 118, 317 votes were cast.18(See Figure 6, attached)
Topic: Financial Issues/Impact (Duval County) y According to an independent report, DCPS already received far less per pupil funding than any comparable-sized school district across the country evenbefore the most recent round of budget cuts and was also spending it far more efficiently (i.e., with less overhead costs and more money going directly to students and schools) than any of those other districts.19 Reducing the dropout rate in Duval County by just half would be estimated to produce20: o $48 million in increased earnings across those graduates in the average year. o An additional $36 million in spending and $13 million in investing by those graduates for the local economy. o $3 million in increased local tax revenue from those graduates in the average year. o Increased home sales of $113 million and vehicle sales of $4 million for the local economy by the midpoint of those graduates careers. o Enough increased spending and investment by the midpoint of those graduates careers to support 400 new jobs in the area and increase Jacksonville s gross regional product by as much as $65 million. Florida spends 3 times as much per person on inmates in the state prison system than on students in the education system. $6,899per pupil on education last year, and $19,469per inmate in the state prisons.21 The per diem allowance for Florida state legislators, for meals and incidental expenses alone, is $7,980 per session ($133/day up to 60 days).22 (seeFigure 7)
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- http://duvalelections.com/ERSummary.aspx?eid=45 - (ERS study, Session 1) 20 - http://www.all4ed.org/files/JacksonvilleFL_leb.pdf 21 - http://www.dc.state.fl.us/oth/Quickfacts.html 22 - http://frsoptions.info/drop-basics-civilian-participants/florida-legislators-benefits
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Figure 7
Amount Florida spends per day on each group
$133.00
$140 $120 $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 Students Prisoners State Legislators (per diem only)
$53.34 $38.33
Topic: Miscellany y According to Masten and Reed (2002), The best documented asset of resilient children is a strong bond to a competent and caring adult, which need not be a parent. 23
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- Anderson, Christenson, Sinclai Lehr (2004)
Figure 624
700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 Total adult population of Jacksonville (18 and over) Total number of registered voters Number of people who believe Jacksonville residents are actively engaged with what the school board is doing Number of people claiming that a top-rated public education system was their number one priority for Jacksonville's future Voter turnout for 2010 Duval County Primary Election, in which nearly half the seats on current school board were determined
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- Total population 18 and over: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_P3&prodType=table. Number of registered voters and voter turnout for 2010 DCPE: http://duvalelections.com/ERSummary.aspx?eid=45. Survey response estimates based on percentage estimates reported in The Community Foundation¶s Quality for All Initiative Survey of Duval County Adult Residents February 2011 and US Census estimate of total adult population of Jacksonville.
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- Swanson, C. (2004, December 9). Setting the stage for a national dialogue: Graduation rates and NCLB. Presented at the Alliance for Excellent Education Graduate Rate Symposium, The National Press Club, Washington, DC. Retrieved May 8, 2007, from www.all4ed.org/publications/MeasuringGraduationToMeasureSuccess/ChrisSwansonPowerPoint.ppt 2 -Alliance for Excellent Education. (n.d.). The crisis in American high schools. Washington: Author. Retrieved April 20, 2007, from http://www.all4ed.org/whats_at_stake/CrisisInHighSchools.pdf 3 -Reimer, M., &Smink, J. (2005). Information about the school dropout issue: Selected facts & statistics. Clemson, SC: National Dropout Prevention Center/Network. Retrieved April 20, 2007, from http://www.dropoutprevention.org/stats/statDocs/School_Dropout_Facts-2005.pdf 4 - Ibid. 5 -Alliance for Excellent Education, n.d. 6 - American Youth Policy Forum. (n.d.). Every nine seconds in America a student becomes a dropout: The dropout problem in numbers. Washington: Author. Retrieved April 20, 2007, from http://www.aypf.org/publications/WhateverItTakes/WIT_nineseconds.pdf 7 - U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2002). Correctional populations in the United States, 1998 (NCJ-192929). Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. Harlow, C.W. (2003). Education and correctional populations.In Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report (NCJ-195670). Washington: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved April 25, 2007, from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ecp.pdf.
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Raising the high school completion rate one percent for all men ages 20 through 60 would save the US $1.4 billion annually in crime related costs.8 Each class of high school dropouts costs the U.S. economy more than $8 billion in incarceration expenses and lost wages per year.17 If the male graduation rate was increased by only five percent, the U.S. could save $7.7 billion a year through reducing crime related costs and increasing earnings.9 In 2009, the unemployment rate for adults without a high school diploma was nearly twice the general unemployment rate. The median weekly income for non-high school graduates was more than 25% below that of high school graduates, and over 40% below the national average.10 (seeFigure 1)
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Figure 1
$1,800 $1,600 $1,400 $1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0
(Avg. = $774) (Avg. = 7.9%)
16%
14.60%
14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%
$454
y
In 1964, a high school dropout earned 64 cents for every dollar earned by an individual with at least a high school degree. In 2004, the high school dropout earned only 37 cents for each dollar earned by an individual with more education.11(seeFigure 2)
- Ibid. - Wise, R. (2007, April 24). ³NCLB reauthorization: Modernizing middle and high schools for the 21st century.´ Testimony presented at the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions. 10 - US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved at http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_chart_001.htm 11 - Rouse, C. (September, 2005). The labor market consequences of an inadequate education. Prepared for the Equity Symposium on ³The Social Costs of Inadequate Education´ at Teachers¶ College, Columbia University. Retrieved at http://www.literacycooperative.org/documents/TheLaborMarketConsequencesofanInadequateEd.pdf
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Figure 2
$1.00 $1.00
$0.64 HS Graduate HS Dropout
$0.37
1964
2004
y
In cities with the highest dropout rates, up to 40% of first-time ninth grade students repeat the ninth grade, but only 10 15% of those repeaters go on to graduate.12 40% of dropouts in low-income high schools left after ninth grade, compared to 27% in low-poverty districts.13
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Topic: Graduation Rate (Duval County) y 1 in 3 students who begin ninth grade in Duval County this year will not graduate on timeor at all. African American students in Duval County are 67% more likely to not complete high school than White students.14
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- Balfanz, R., &Letgers, N. (2004). Locating the dropout crisis: Which high schools produce the nation¶s dropouts, where are they located, who attends them? Baltimore, MD: Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At-Risk, Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved March 9, 2007 at http://web.jhu.edu/CSOS/graduation-gap/edweek/Crisis_Commentary.pdf 13 - EPE Research Center. (2006, June 22). Diplomas count: An essential guide to graduation rates and policies. EdWeek. Retrieved at http://www.edweek.org/ew/toc/2006/06/22/index.html 14 - Source: FLDOE Graduation Rates by Race by School, 2009-10 data table, Retrieved at http://www.fldoe.org/eias/eiaspubs/default.asp. (Florida state calculations used). [100% - GradRate = DNF rate; Bl(DNF rate) / Wh(DNF rate) = Differential.]
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The graduation rate in Duval County last year was 67%15, while the official dropout rate was only 2.2%. The disappearing rate for students who should have graduated last year was over 30%. (seeFigure 3)
Figure316
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Disappearing rate
Graduation Rate
Dropout rate
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
2000
Of the students who entered 9th grade in 2006: Figure 417
Graduated with diploma
29%
59%
3% 7%
Certificate of completion
Did not graduate - still enrolled
Transferred, withdrawals, other known departures Did not graduate, no longer enrolled
2%
15 16
- (NGA rate) - Source: FLDOE Dropout Rates by District, 1998-99 through 2009-10 and Graduation Rates by District, 1998-99 through 2009-10, Retrieved at http://www.fldoe.org/eias/eiaspubs/default.asp. 17 - LTF Education Briefing #3 (August 2009)
The majority of students who fail to graduate are lost between 9th and tenth grade. Of the Duval County students entering ninth grade in 2006: Figure 5
20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 20,069 14,937 13,582 12,648
¢ ¡
25% loss from 9th to
Topic: Community Engagement (Duval County) y 41%:Percentage of Duval County residents who believe that having a toprated public education system is the most important issue for Jacksonville s future, according to a recent survey. 51%: Percentage of Duval County residents who believe that Jacksonville voters are actively engaged with what their school board is doing by regularly attending meetings, watching them on TV, or following school board business in newspapers or online. 22%: Voter turnout for the 2010 Duval County Primary Election, in which nearly half of the seats on the current school board were determined.
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th gr de 20% loss across all other grades combined
11,842
There are over 123,000 students currently served in Duval County Public Schools. In the 2010 Duval County Primary Election, in which three of seven school board seats were decided, only 118, 317 votes were cast.18(See Figure 6, attached)
Topic: Financial Issues/Impact (Duval County) y According to an independent report, DCPS already received far less per pupil funding than any comparable-sized school district across the country evenbefore the most recent round of budget cuts and was also spending it far more efficiently (i.e., with less overhead costs and more money going directly to students and schools) than any of those other districts.19 Reducing the dropout rate in Duval County by just half would be estimated to produce20: o $48 million in increased earnings across those graduates in the average year. o An additional $36 million in spending and $13 million in investing by those graduates for the local economy. o $3 million in increased local tax revenue from those graduates in the average year. o Increased home sales of $113 million and vehicle sales of $4 million for the local economy by the midpoint of those graduates careers. o Enough increased spending and investment by the midpoint of those graduates careers to support 400 new jobs in the area and increase Jacksonville s gross regional product by as much as $65 million. Florida spends 3 times as much per person on inmates in the state prison system than on students in the education system. $6,899per pupil on education last year, and $19,469per inmate in the state prisons.21 The per diem allowance for Florida state legislators, for meals and incidental expenses alone, is $7,980 per session ($133/day up to 60 days).22 (seeFigure 7)
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- http://duvalelections.com/ERSummary.aspx?eid=45 - (ERS study, Session 1) 20 - http://www.all4ed.org/files/JacksonvilleFL_leb.pdf 21 - http://www.dc.state.fl.us/oth/Quickfacts.html 22 - http://frsoptions.info/drop-basics-civilian-participants/florida-legislators-benefits
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Figure 7
Amount Florida spends per day on each group
$133.00
$140 $120 $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 Students Prisoners State Legislators (per diem only)
$53.34 $38.33
Topic: Miscellany y According to Masten and Reed (2002), The best documented asset of resilient children is a strong bond to a competent and caring adult, which need not be a parent. 23
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- Anderson, Christenson, Sinclai Lehr (2004)
Figure 624
700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 Total adult population of Jacksonville (18 and over) Total number of registered voters Number of people who believe Jacksonville residents are actively engaged with what the school board is doing Number of people claiming that a top-rated public education system was their number one priority for Jacksonville's future Voter turnout for 2010 Duval County Primary Election, in which nearly half the seats on current school board were determined
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- Total population 18 and over: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_P3&prodType=table. Number of registered voters and voter turnout for 2010 DCPE: http://duvalelections.com/ERSummary.aspx?eid=45. Survey response estimates based on percentage estimates reported in The Community Foundation¶s Quality for All Initiative Survey of Duval County Adult Residents February 2011 and US Census estimate of total adult population of Jacksonville.
