Dell Tech Notes
Content
Tech notes Common Scenarios: Incase a Customer tells u that there is no sound from the computer speakers!! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
First First check check if the the speake speakers rs are turne turned d on Then check check if they are are properly properly connected connected to the CPU CPU Check if the volume volume button button on on the speakers speakers is turned turned on. Check if if the volume volume on the Task Task bar bar is also turned turned on and and also the the volume on the respective software’s are also turned on. Incase Incase the speakers speakers or the software’s software’s are are muted un un mute them. them. Still if there is no sound then then connect connect the headphones headphones to to the CPU and and check if there is sound. Incase it is audible from the headphone then the speakers are faulty. If there is is no sound sound from the the headphone headphone then there there is something something wrong wrong with the sound card Go to the Device manager manager and and see if the driver driver is install installed ed or no. If not then then install install the driver driver and if yes yes then there there is something something wrong wrong with the sound card.
Incase a Customer tells u that there is no Display on the computer monitor!! 1. First First check check if the the monito monitorr is turned turned on. on. 2. If there is no display then unplug the monitor cable from the CPU and then a screen with red, blue and green color with the letters RBG (Red Blue and Green Colors) or a message “SELF TEST” will pop up and keep moving all over the screen. 3. In this case case the monitor monitor is absolu absolutely tely fine fine and the problem problem is with with the video card. 4. In case case the video card card is an externa externall one the it has has to be replaced replaced and and if it is integrated on the motherboard then th en the motherboard has to be replaced
What’s a Broadband? It is a High Speed Internet Connection Conn ection which requires a modem or a router and it is an Optical Fiber Connection (RJ 45, (Registered Jack-45)) Speed of 64KBPS to 1GBPS. This cable is used only for Ethernet card, LAN WAN
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What’s a narrowband/ Dialup? It’s an Internet Connection which has to be Manually Dialed through telephone lines (RJ11, (Registered Jack-11)) with the help of a modem. Speed of 56KBPS. This card is only for MODEM 2 Phone
What’s Winzip? WinZip is a popular data compression format. WinZip files save time and space, and make downloading software faster. To open the Zip file you will need to have WinZip software on your PC. Once you have unzipped unzip ped the file you will have an executable file. To extract a Winzip file right click on the zipped file and click on Extract All. It will direct u to a Destination Folder. Click on the desired folder and the file is extracted to that folder.
Define an operating system This is a computer's primary software program, and it controls all basic operations of the computer. Ex Windows, Linux, UNIX & Dos.
What are the different types of internet browsers? Netscape navigator, Netscape communicator, Internet Explorer 6, Internet Explorer 7, Mozilla Firefox and Opera
How is a desktop Measured? - It is measured diagonally What is System restore? It’s a process when the entire system is restored r estored back to its previous day’s or time’s setting. This is done only when the system does not work properly maybe due to software or hardware which is not n ot installed properly.
How’s a System restore done? System Restore can be done only on a Windows XP in the following ways. 1-Go to Safe Safe Mode then go to Start on the taskbar menu 2- Go to Programs and then go to Accessories.
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3-Go to System tools and then to System restore. 4-Automatically 2 options pop up on the Screen which is A-Restore System to a previous point and B- Create a new restore point. 5-When u click on option A, a calendar automatically pops up with few dates highlighted. 6- Click on the highlighted dates and click on next. Then the computer restarts and it either says A- System successfully restored or B- System not Restored or System Restore unsuccessful
What the Components inside a CPU?
1 Processor 2 Mother Board 3 RAM 4 Hard Disk 5 CD Drive, CD Writer 6 Floppy Drive 7 Sound Card 8 Video Card 9 Graphics Card 10LAN/Ethernet card (Used for Networking) 11SMPS (Switch mode Power Supply)
What is a Combo Drive? It’s a drive that plays both CD and DVD but can write only CD’S 3
What are Optical Drives? The Hard Disk, CD drive and Floppy Drive Put together are called as optical drives.
Basic configuration of a PC 1- Pentium 4 2.8 GHz Processor. 2- Intel 915 Mother Board. 3- 512 MB RAM 4-80 GB Hard Disk.
What is a RAM? Random Access Memory is the best form of a Computer Memory. RAM is considered as “Random Access” because you can access any memory cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at that cell.
What is ROM? Read Only Memory whose contents can be accessed and read but cannot be changed. You can read from it, but you cannot write to it without using special procedures. ROM is where your BIOS is stored. BIOS stand for Basic Input / Output System.
What are Input and Output Devices? Input Devices- Keyboard, Mouse, Floppy drive, CD Drive, Scanner etc. Output Devices- monitor, Speakers, Printer etc.
What are the Different types of RAM?
1SDRAM
SDRAM means Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory 2DDR1
Double Data Rate
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3DDR2
What are the different types of Slots?
1PCI-(Peripheral Component Interconnect) –Sound card, Video Card, LAN Card, Internal Modem, Graphics/VGA card. 2RAM 3IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) – Optical Drives
Windows XP Vs Windows Vista Windows XP 1.Not secure
Windows Vista More secured compared to XP
2.Compatible with 32 bit Processors and 64 Bit Processors 3. Minimum of 64 MB of RAM 4.
Compatible with 64 bit Processor Minimum of 1 GB RAM Advanced Graphics option
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What is telnet? Telnet (Telecommunication network) is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area network (LAN) connections. It was developed in 1969 beginning with RFC 15 and standardized as IETF STD 8, one of the first Internet standards. Typically, telnet provides access to a command-line interface on a remote machine. What is DNS? The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any resource participating in the Internet. It associates various information with domain names assigned to such participants. Most importantly, it translates human meaningful domain names to the numerical (binary) identifiers associated with networking equipment for the purpose of locating and addressing these devices world-wide. An often used analogy to explain the Domain Name System is that it serves as th e "phone book" for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses. For example, www.example.com translates to 208.77.188.166 .
What is ping? Ping is a computer network tool used to test whether a particular host is reachable across an IP network; it is also used to self test the network interface card of the computer, or as a speed test. It works by sending ICMP “echo request” packets to the target host and listening for ICMP “echo response” replies. Few Anti Virus Vendors available Symantec Norton Antivirus, McAfee, Avast, Computer Association – CA, AVG, ESET, Kaspersky, Bit Defender, Quick Heal, Vipre, Trend Micro.
What is a Fire Wall? A firewall is a dedicated appliance, or software running on another computer, which inspects network traffic passing through it, and denies or permits passage based on a set of rules. A firewall's basic task is to regulate some of the flow of traffic between computer networks of different trust levels. Typical examples are the Internet which is a zone with no trust and an internal network which is a zone of higher trust.
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What are Cookies? HTTP cookies, more commonly referred to as Web cookies, tracking cookies or just cookies, are parcels of text sent by a server to a Web client (usually a browser) and then sent back unchanged by the client each time it accesses that server. HTTP cookies are used for authenticating, session tracking (state maintenance), and maintaining specific information about users, such as site preferences or the contents of their electronic shopping carts. What is Antivirus ? Antivirus software are computer programs that attempt to identify, neutralize or eliminate malicious software. The term "antivirus" is used because the earliest examples were designed exclusively to combat computer viruses; however most modern antivirus software is now designed to combat a wide range of threats, including worms, phishing attacks, rootkits, Trojans, often described collectively as malware. How do u go to safe mode ? To use a Safe Boot option, follow these steps: 1. Restart your computer and start pressing the F8 key on your keyboard. On a computer that is configured for booting to multiple operating systems, you can press the F8 key when the Boot Menu appears. 2. Select an option when the Windows Advanced Options menu appears, and then press ENTER. 3. When the Boot menu appears again, and the words "Safe Mode" appear in blue at the bottom, select the installation that you want to start, and then press ENTER.
Description of Safe Boot options •
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Safe Mode (SAFEBOOT_OPTION=Minimal): This option uses a minimal set of device drivers and services to start Windows. Safe Mode with Networking (SAFEBOOT_OPTION=Network): This option uses a minimal set of device drivers and services to start Windows together with the drivers that you must have to load networking. Safe Mode with Command Prompt (SAFEBOOT_OPTION=Minimal(AlternateShell)): This option is the same as Safe mode, except that Cmd.exe starts instead of Windows Explorer. Enable VGA Mode: This option starts Windows in 640 x 480 mode by using the current video driver (not Vga.sys). This mode is useful if the display is configured for a setting that the monitor cannot display. Note Safe mode and Safe mode with Networking load the Vga.sys driver instead.
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Last Known Good Configuration: This option starts Windows by using the previous good configuration. Directory Service Restore Mode: This mode is valid only for Windowsbased domain controllers. This mode performs a directory service repair. Debugging Mode: This option turns on debug mode in Windows. Debugging information can be sent across a serial cable to another computer that is running a debugger. This mode is configured to use COM2. Enable Boot Logging: This option turns on logging when the computer is started with any of the Safe Boot options except Last Known Good Configuration. The Boot Logging text is recorded in the Ntbtlog.txt file in the %SystemRoot% folder. Starts Windows Normally: This option starts Windows in its normal mode. Reboot: This option restarts the computer. Return to OS Choices Menu: On a computer that is configured to starting to more than one operating system, this option returns to th e Boot menu.
An environment variable is set when you use one of the Safe Boot options. The environment variable is SAFEBOOT_OPTION. This variable is set to either Network or to Minimal.
What is a boot device? Devices that can boot a computer are usually boot disks or boot drives (normally a hard drive, but can be a floppy disk or a CD).
What is a Device Manager? The Device Manager is a Control Panel applet in Microsoft Windows operating systems. It allows users to view and control the hardware attached to the computer. When a piece of hardware is not working, the offending hardware is highlighted for the user to deal with. The list of hardware can be sorted by various criteria. For each device, users can: • • • •
Supply device drivers for the hardware Enable or disable devices Tell Windows to ignore malfunctioning devices View other technical properties
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ISP CONNECTIONS | ^ *Dial Up/ Narrowband
* Broadband /P2P
1. Uses a Telephone Line 2. Speed-56 Kbps 3. Cannot use both phone &internet @ The same time
1. Uses optical Fibre Cables 2. Speed-256 Kbps or more 3.Can Use Both at a time
IP Address :: A number which uniquely identifies the complete on a network. To find IP address:: StartRunType Command DOS Screen Type ipconfig Enter What Operating System:It is an interface between the user & the computer . Eg: Windows98, 2000,XP, Linux, Unix, Windows Vista is the latest version of O.S
What is fishing? Phishing
In the field of computer security, phishing is the criminally fraudulent process of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication. What is the task manager?
Windows Task Manager is a task manager application included with Microsoft Windows NT family of operating systems that provides detailed information about computer performance and running applications, processes and CPU usage, commit charge and memory information, network activity and statistics, logged-in users, and system services. The Task Manager can also be used to set process priorities, processor affinity, forcibly terminate processes, and shut down, restart, hibernate or log off from Windows. Windows Task Manager was introduced with Windows NT 4.0, previous versions of Windows NT included the Task List application, which had far fewer features. The task list was capable of listing currently running processes and killing them, or creating a new process. How long will it take to install windows XP in the computer?
Depends on RAM and Processor I would say more than 25-45 mins
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What is DSL Cable port?
DSL - digital subscriber loop/ digital subscriber line DSL can be used at the same time and on the same telephone line with regular telephone, as it uses high frequency, while regular telephone uses low frequency
What is Phone line and modem line?
Both r the same What is Bios?
In computing, the Basic Input/output System (BIOS)[1] , a lso known as the System BIOS, is a de facto standard defining a firmware interface for IBM PC Compatible computers.[2] The BIOS is boot firmware, designed to be the first code run by a PC when powered on. The initial function of the BIOS is to identify, test, and initialize system devices such as the video display card, hard disk, and floppy disk and other hardware. This is to prepare the machine into a known state, so that software stored on compatible media can be loaded, executed, and given control of the PC.[3] This process is known as booting, or booting up, which is short for bootstrapping How do you insert a hard disk in a CPU
Connect it to IDE bus or EIDE bus if available or connect to sata port (stupid question) To find IP address : StartRunType CommandDOS Screen Type ipconfig Enter •
• • • • •
ISDN:: Integrated services Digital Network (Broadband connection through telephones) SMPT:: Simple mail Transfer Protocol (for Sending mail) POP3 : Post Office Protocol (for receiving mails) Default mail client : Outlook Express Firewall: It protects the system from hackers. Antivirus: It protects the system against virus-attack.
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7. 8. 9.
First First check check if the the speake speakers rs are turne turned d on Then check check if they are are properly properly connected connected to the CPU CPU Check if the volume volume button button on on the speakers speakers is turned turned on. Check if if the volume volume on the Task Task bar bar is also turned turned on and and also the the volume on the respective software’s are also turned on. Incase Incase the speakers speakers or the software’s software’s are are muted un un mute them. them. Still if there is no sound then then connect connect the headphones headphones to to the CPU and and check if there is sound. Incase it is audible from the headphone then the speakers are faulty. If there is is no sound sound from the the headphone headphone then there there is something something wrong wrong with the sound card Go to the Device manager manager and and see if the driver driver is install installed ed or no. If not then then install install the driver driver and if yes yes then there there is something something wrong wrong with the sound card.
Incase a Customer tells u that there is no Display on the computer monitor!! 1. First First check check if the the monito monitorr is turned turned on. on. 2. If there is no display then unplug the monitor cable from the CPU and then a screen with red, blue and green color with the letters RBG (Red Blue and Green Colors) or a message “SELF TEST” will pop up and keep moving all over the screen. 3. In this case case the monitor monitor is absolu absolutely tely fine fine and the problem problem is with with the video card. 4. In case case the video card card is an externa externall one the it has has to be replaced replaced and and if it is integrated on the motherboard then th en the motherboard has to be replaced
What’s a Broadband? It is a High Speed Internet Connection Conn ection which requires a modem or a router and it is an Optical Fiber Connection (RJ 45, (Registered Jack-45)) Speed of 64KBPS to 1GBPS. This cable is used only for Ethernet card, LAN WAN
1
What’s a narrowband/ Dialup? It’s an Internet Connection which has to be Manually Dialed through telephone lines (RJ11, (Registered Jack-11)) with the help of a modem. Speed of 56KBPS. This card is only for MODEM 2 Phone
What’s Winzip? WinZip is a popular data compression format. WinZip files save time and space, and make downloading software faster. To open the Zip file you will need to have WinZip software on your PC. Once you have unzipped unzip ped the file you will have an executable file. To extract a Winzip file right click on the zipped file and click on Extract All. It will direct u to a Destination Folder. Click on the desired folder and the file is extracted to that folder.
Define an operating system This is a computer's primary software program, and it controls all basic operations of the computer. Ex Windows, Linux, UNIX & Dos.
What are the different types of internet browsers? Netscape navigator, Netscape communicator, Internet Explorer 6, Internet Explorer 7, Mozilla Firefox and Opera
How is a desktop Measured? - It is measured diagonally What is System restore? It’s a process when the entire system is restored r estored back to its previous day’s or time’s setting. This is done only when the system does not work properly maybe due to software or hardware which is not n ot installed properly.
How’s a System restore done? System Restore can be done only on a Windows XP in the following ways. 1-Go to Safe Safe Mode then go to Start on the taskbar menu 2- Go to Programs and then go to Accessories.
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3-Go to System tools and then to System restore. 4-Automatically 2 options pop up on the Screen which is A-Restore System to a previous point and B- Create a new restore point. 5-When u click on option A, a calendar automatically pops up with few dates highlighted. 6- Click on the highlighted dates and click on next. Then the computer restarts and it either says A- System successfully restored or B- System not Restored or System Restore unsuccessful
What the Components inside a CPU?
1 Processor 2 Mother Board 3 RAM 4 Hard Disk 5 CD Drive, CD Writer 6 Floppy Drive 7 Sound Card 8 Video Card 9 Graphics Card 10LAN/Ethernet card (Used for Networking) 11SMPS (Switch mode Power Supply)
What is a Combo Drive? It’s a drive that plays both CD and DVD but can write only CD’S 3
What are Optical Drives? The Hard Disk, CD drive and Floppy Drive Put together are called as optical drives.
Basic configuration of a PC 1- Pentium 4 2.8 GHz Processor. 2- Intel 915 Mother Board. 3- 512 MB RAM 4-80 GB Hard Disk.
What is a RAM? Random Access Memory is the best form of a Computer Memory. RAM is considered as “Random Access” because you can access any memory cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at that cell.
What is ROM? Read Only Memory whose contents can be accessed and read but cannot be changed. You can read from it, but you cannot write to it without using special procedures. ROM is where your BIOS is stored. BIOS stand for Basic Input / Output System.
What are Input and Output Devices? Input Devices- Keyboard, Mouse, Floppy drive, CD Drive, Scanner etc. Output Devices- monitor, Speakers, Printer etc.
What are the Different types of RAM?
1SDRAM
SDRAM means Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory 2DDR1
Double Data Rate
4
3DDR2
What are the different types of Slots?
1PCI-(Peripheral Component Interconnect) –Sound card, Video Card, LAN Card, Internal Modem, Graphics/VGA card. 2RAM 3IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) – Optical Drives
Windows XP Vs Windows Vista Windows XP 1.Not secure
Windows Vista More secured compared to XP
2.Compatible with 32 bit Processors and 64 Bit Processors 3. Minimum of 64 MB of RAM 4.
Compatible with 64 bit Processor Minimum of 1 GB RAM Advanced Graphics option
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What is telnet? Telnet (Telecommunication network) is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area network (LAN) connections. It was developed in 1969 beginning with RFC 15 and standardized as IETF STD 8, one of the first Internet standards. Typically, telnet provides access to a command-line interface on a remote machine. What is DNS? The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any resource participating in the Internet. It associates various information with domain names assigned to such participants. Most importantly, it translates human meaningful domain names to the numerical (binary) identifiers associated with networking equipment for the purpose of locating and addressing these devices world-wide. An often used analogy to explain the Domain Name System is that it serves as th e "phone book" for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses. For example, www.example.com translates to 208.77.188.166 .
What is ping? Ping is a computer network tool used to test whether a particular host is reachable across an IP network; it is also used to self test the network interface card of the computer, or as a speed test. It works by sending ICMP “echo request” packets to the target host and listening for ICMP “echo response” replies. Few Anti Virus Vendors available Symantec Norton Antivirus, McAfee, Avast, Computer Association – CA, AVG, ESET, Kaspersky, Bit Defender, Quick Heal, Vipre, Trend Micro.
What is a Fire Wall? A firewall is a dedicated appliance, or software running on another computer, which inspects network traffic passing through it, and denies or permits passage based on a set of rules. A firewall's basic task is to regulate some of the flow of traffic between computer networks of different trust levels. Typical examples are the Internet which is a zone with no trust and an internal network which is a zone of higher trust.
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What are Cookies? HTTP cookies, more commonly referred to as Web cookies, tracking cookies or just cookies, are parcels of text sent by a server to a Web client (usually a browser) and then sent back unchanged by the client each time it accesses that server. HTTP cookies are used for authenticating, session tracking (state maintenance), and maintaining specific information about users, such as site preferences or the contents of their electronic shopping carts. What is Antivirus ? Antivirus software are computer programs that attempt to identify, neutralize or eliminate malicious software. The term "antivirus" is used because the earliest examples were designed exclusively to combat computer viruses; however most modern antivirus software is now designed to combat a wide range of threats, including worms, phishing attacks, rootkits, Trojans, often described collectively as malware. How do u go to safe mode ? To use a Safe Boot option, follow these steps: 1. Restart your computer and start pressing the F8 key on your keyboard. On a computer that is configured for booting to multiple operating systems, you can press the F8 key when the Boot Menu appears. 2. Select an option when the Windows Advanced Options menu appears, and then press ENTER. 3. When the Boot menu appears again, and the words "Safe Mode" appear in blue at the bottom, select the installation that you want to start, and then press ENTER.
Description of Safe Boot options •
•
•
•
Safe Mode (SAFEBOOT_OPTION=Minimal): This option uses a minimal set of device drivers and services to start Windows. Safe Mode with Networking (SAFEBOOT_OPTION=Network): This option uses a minimal set of device drivers and services to start Windows together with the drivers that you must have to load networking. Safe Mode with Command Prompt (SAFEBOOT_OPTION=Minimal(AlternateShell)): This option is the same as Safe mode, except that Cmd.exe starts instead of Windows Explorer. Enable VGA Mode: This option starts Windows in 640 x 480 mode by using the current video driver (not Vga.sys). This mode is useful if the display is configured for a setting that the monitor cannot display. Note Safe mode and Safe mode with Networking load the Vga.sys driver instead.
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Last Known Good Configuration: This option starts Windows by using the previous good configuration. Directory Service Restore Mode: This mode is valid only for Windowsbased domain controllers. This mode performs a directory service repair. Debugging Mode: This option turns on debug mode in Windows. Debugging information can be sent across a serial cable to another computer that is running a debugger. This mode is configured to use COM2. Enable Boot Logging: This option turns on logging when the computer is started with any of the Safe Boot options except Last Known Good Configuration. The Boot Logging text is recorded in the Ntbtlog.txt file in the %SystemRoot% folder. Starts Windows Normally: This option starts Windows in its normal mode. Reboot: This option restarts the computer. Return to OS Choices Menu: On a computer that is configured to starting to more than one operating system, this option returns to th e Boot menu.
An environment variable is set when you use one of the Safe Boot options. The environment variable is SAFEBOOT_OPTION. This variable is set to either Network or to Minimal.
What is a boot device? Devices that can boot a computer are usually boot disks or boot drives (normally a hard drive, but can be a floppy disk or a CD).
What is a Device Manager? The Device Manager is a Control Panel applet in Microsoft Windows operating systems. It allows users to view and control the hardware attached to the computer. When a piece of hardware is not working, the offending hardware is highlighted for the user to deal with. The list of hardware can be sorted by various criteria. For each device, users can: • • • •
Supply device drivers for the hardware Enable or disable devices Tell Windows to ignore malfunctioning devices View other technical properties
14
ISP CONNECTIONS | ^ *Dial Up/ Narrowband
* Broadband /P2P
1. Uses a Telephone Line 2. Speed-56 Kbps 3. Cannot use both phone &internet @ The same time
1. Uses optical Fibre Cables 2. Speed-256 Kbps or more 3.Can Use Both at a time
IP Address :: A number which uniquely identifies the complete on a network. To find IP address:: StartRunType Command DOS Screen Type ipconfig Enter What Operating System:It is an interface between the user & the computer . Eg: Windows98, 2000,XP, Linux, Unix, Windows Vista is the latest version of O.S
What is fishing? Phishing
In the field of computer security, phishing is the criminally fraudulent process of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication. What is the task manager?
Windows Task Manager is a task manager application included with Microsoft Windows NT family of operating systems that provides detailed information about computer performance and running applications, processes and CPU usage, commit charge and memory information, network activity and statistics, logged-in users, and system services. The Task Manager can also be used to set process priorities, processor affinity, forcibly terminate processes, and shut down, restart, hibernate or log off from Windows. Windows Task Manager was introduced with Windows NT 4.0, previous versions of Windows NT included the Task List application, which had far fewer features. The task list was capable of listing currently running processes and killing them, or creating a new process. How long will it take to install windows XP in the computer?
Depends on RAM and Processor I would say more than 25-45 mins
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What is DSL Cable port?
DSL - digital subscriber loop/ digital subscriber line DSL can be used at the same time and on the same telephone line with regular telephone, as it uses high frequency, while regular telephone uses low frequency
What is Phone line and modem line?
Both r the same What is Bios?
In computing, the Basic Input/output System (BIOS)[1] , a lso known as the System BIOS, is a de facto standard defining a firmware interface for IBM PC Compatible computers.[2] The BIOS is boot firmware, designed to be the first code run by a PC when powered on. The initial function of the BIOS is to identify, test, and initialize system devices such as the video display card, hard disk, and floppy disk and other hardware. This is to prepare the machine into a known state, so that software stored on compatible media can be loaded, executed, and given control of the PC.[3] This process is known as booting, or booting up, which is short for bootstrapping How do you insert a hard disk in a CPU
Connect it to IDE bus or EIDE bus if available or connect to sata port (stupid question) To find IP address : StartRunType CommandDOS Screen Type ipconfig Enter •
• • • • •
ISDN:: Integrated services Digital Network (Broadband connection through telephones) SMPT:: Simple mail Transfer Protocol (for Sending mail) POP3 : Post Office Protocol (for receiving mails) Default mail client : Outlook Express Firewall: It protects the system from hackers. Antivirus: It protects the system against virus-attack.
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