Design of Vehicle Position Tracking System
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DESIGN OF VEHICLE POSITION TRACKING SYSTEM USING SHORT MESSAGE SERVICES AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION ON FPGA
Abstract—This paper describes the design of a system thatcan give information of vehicle position everytime there’s arequest forit. The information of vehicle position is gained fromGPS and it is transmitted using Short Message Services. The system is designed using VHDL on Altera MAX+plus IIsoftware, and it is implemented on Altera UP1X demoboardbased onFPGA chip, which is Altera FLEX 10KEPF10K70RC240-4.
I. INTRODUCTIONA. BackgroundTechnology grows rapidly that causes every people to actfast. As one of human needs,
information plays a greater role.People need to get fast and up -to-date information.The need to get such information is getting more important. For example is the need of knowing the position of vehicle is important for its owner .In this paper we develop such system that can give information of vehicle position. This system helps the ownerof the vehicle to know where his vehicle is. The system also helps tracking the vehicle when the owner is not driving it.B. ObjectivesThe objective of this project is to achieve a design of suchsystem that can give information of the vehicle position everytime there’s a request for it. The designed system has to beable to work properly on Altera UP1X demoboard based onFPGA, the Altera FLEX 10K EPF10K70RC240-4. C. Problem Boundary This system is designed to be able to communicate in twodirection between the vehicle and the owner. If the owner wants to know his vehicle position, he can easily send asignal to that vehicle. Then, the information of its position will be transmitted to him . The vehicle position is gainedfrom the Global Positioning System while the data is transmitted using Short Message Services.The system is designed using VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) onAltera MAX+plus II software and it is implemented on Altera UP1X demoboard based on FPGA (Field Programmable Logic Array) chip, which is the Altera FLEX 10K EPF10K70RC240-4. The testing of the system is limited untilin-circuit level. II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The designed system is a bidirectional communicationsystem between the owner and its vehicle. The explanation can be seen in Figure 1 below. Figure.1. System descriptionThe owner wants to know the vehicle position. Thereforehe sends a signal to that vehicle. Then, the information of thevehicle position that is gained from GPS will be transmitted to him. The data is transmitted using SMS.Part of the system that will be designed in this project is in the vehicle side (Part 1 in Figure 1). III. SYSTEM DESIGN As already been described in Chapter II, the designedsystem is an interface between the main operator, which is the owner, and his vehicle. The two parties could communicate intwo directions in order to know the vehicle position.
Figure.2. The input, output, and the main modules of the system
A. Inputs and Output of the SystemThere are two different kinds of inputs for this system. The first one is the input gained from GPS which is thesentence based on NMEA 0183 standard. The other one is the input received from cellular phone. But there is only oneoutput for this system which is AT Command for sending the SMS. B. Data Processing MechanismThe signal sent by the main operator is the SMS containing a request of the vehicle position. Then the signal received later is the SMS containing the information of thevehicle position. The needed vehicle position are the latitude and longitude data gained from GPS.C. System Module As we can see from Figure 2, this system is divided into three main parts, that are the SMS receiver, the GPS receiver and data processing, and the SMS transmitter modules. ? SMS Receiver Module This module handles the new incoming SMS signal. The SMS device used here is Siemens C35 cellular phone. Baud rate is set at 19200 bps, the datais 8N1 format, and flow control is none [1] . The input for this module is a sequence of datathat will be appeared whenever there is a new SMS coming. But there are certain AT commands that must be set first to make those data possible to appear[2]. Therefore, the system will send those certain AT commands at the beginning, to be able to indicate thatthere is a new incoming SMS. After the system indicates that there is a new incoming SMS, the SMS will be deleted and the system will be ready to receive data from GPS. ? GPS Receiver and Data Processing Module This module receives and processes the GPS data.
Baud rate is set at 4800 bps, the data is 8N1 format, and flow control is none. The GPS used in this project is GARMIN type 35LP. The format of the transmitted data from that GPS is as follows [3]. $PGRMF,df1,df2,df3,df4,df5,df6,df7,df8,df9,df10,df11 ,df12,df13,df14,df15*hh[CR][LF] There are two conditions of receiving the GPSdata, that is when the GPS is still searching for the first position, and when the GPS has determined the first position. The first condition is identified by the data in field 11 (df11) that contains ‘0’. There are also no data in the 1st until 9th field and 12th until 15th , while the 10th field contains ‘A’ character which means that the mode is automatic. For the second condition, the latitude data is in the 6th field in format ddmm.mmmm, while the latitude hemisphere data (North or South) is in the 7th field.On the other hand, the longitude data is in the 8th field in format dddmm.mmmm and the longitude hemisphere data (West or East) is in the 9th field. The output for this module is the information of the vehicle position which are the latitude and longitude data. After this process finished, the system is ready to transmit the SMS. ? SMS Transmitter Module This module handles the SMS transmission containing the vehicle position information. Thesetting of this module is the same as in the SMS receiver module. The input for this module is the information of vehicle position gained from the GPS receiver and data processing module. The outputs for this module are AT command and PDU codes that are used to send an SMS. The format of SMS content expected is as follows.*dd:mm; *ddd:mm The ‘*’ character can be the ‘+’ character thatindicates the North Latitude or West Longitude, or the ‘–‘ character that indicates the South Latitude or the East Longitude. IV. SIMULATION RESULTS The designed system is first verified using the timing simulation on Altera MAX+plus II software. The ser_hp signal is the serial data sent to the cellular phone. The respons from the cellular phone is the serial data in_hp input signal. The datain_hp[7..0] is the 8 bit parallel data from the in_hp signal.
Figure.3. The system sends certain AT commands at the beginning.
At the beginning, the system sends certain AT commands to make the cellular phone be able to indicate the new incoming SMS. Then the system is ready to indicate the new incoming SMS.
Figure. 4. The system indicates the new incoming SMS. Then the SMS is deleted.
After the system indicates the new incoming SMS, the SMS is deleted. Now the system is ready to receive and process data from GPS.
Figure.5. The system is ready to receive and process the GPS data
The baud rate is changed to GPS baud rate. Now the system is ready to receive and process the GPS data. The in_gps is the serial data input signal from the GPS. The datain_gps[7..0] is the 8 bit parallel data from the in_gps signal.
Figure.6. The system is ready to send the SMS
After the information of position has been achieved, the system is ready to send the SMS. Therefore the baud rate is
changed to cellular phone baud rate.
Figure.7. The system finished sending the SMS. Then it will have to wait until the cellular phone indicates that the SMS has been sent successfully.
Based on the timing simulation results, the maximum system operating frequency is 3.74 MHz. V. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION As already been described in Chapter I, the designed system is implemented on Altera UP1X demoboard. The Altera UP1X demoboard has two PLD (Programmable Logic Device) chips, which are FPGA FLEX 10K EPF10K70RC240-4 and CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) MAX7000 EPM7128S [4]. From those two chips, only the FPGA one that is used here, because it has larger capacities, such as 70000 logic gates. There are two testing and verification procedures of this system. Both are limited until the in-circuit level.
Figure.8. Testbench for the first testing and verification procedure
In the testbench for the first testing and verification procedure, the inputs for the designed system are supplied from two different modules, which are the variation of cellular input module and the variation of GPS input module. The variation of cellular input module has a start signal that triggers the flowing of the data signal, which is a serial asynchronous data. Those serial data is supplied to the input signal of the designed system. The output of the designed system is the ser_hp signal which is a serial data that is transmitted to the cellular phone. The clk signal is the clock input provided from the oscillator crystal of 25.175 MHz. The baud signal is the output of the baud rate generator that supplies the clk2 signal, which is the secondary clock for the system. A nd also, there are the rst signal which reset s the system when its value is ‘1’, and the ena signal which enables the system as long as its value is ‘1’. To make it possible to observe and verify every data, we use 3.15 Hz as the GPS baud rate and 12.59 Hz as the cellular phone baud rate. This first procedure is shown in Figure 9 where certain important data can be observed through seven segment and VGA.
Figure.9. The first testing and verification procedure
In the second testing and verification procedure, we use the real cellular phone, which is Siemens C35, and for the GPS, we use a simulated data supplied from a serial port program using Visual C++.
Figure. 10. The block diagram of the second testing and verification procedure
In Figure 11, we can see the example of SMS as the result of this second testing and verification procedure. The vehicle position information gained from that SMS is 01° 04’ South Lattitude ; 307° 06’ West Longitude. This information is accurate according to the simulated data supplied from a serial port program on PC.
Figure.11. The example of SMS gained from the second testing and verification procedure
The result from the second testing and verification procedure is that the system works at both real baud rates, which are 19200 bps for cellular and 4800 bps for GPS. VI. CONCLUSIONS In this project, the result of the designed system has accomplished the target . The maximum frequency of this system based on timing simulation is 3.74 MHz, while based on the in-circuit verification, the system works at both real baud rates, which are 19200 bps for cellular and 4800 bps for GPS. The total number of logic cells used is 2472 of 3744
(66%). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to express gratitudes to PT Elektrindodaya Pakarnusa that supports the facilities for this project. Along with Mulyanto for his assistance during working this project. REFERENCES [1] Khang, Bustam, Trik Pemograman Aplikasi Berbasis SMS , Jakarta : PT Elex Media Komputindo, 2002. [2] Hayes AT command parameters for sending and receiving SMS messages, http://www.fastlogic.co.z a/faq59.htm [3] Technical Specification GPS GARMIN 35 LP TracPak, 2000, www.garmin.com [4] University Program Design Laboratory Package User Guide, http://www.altera.com
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Abstract Methods for automatic vehicle monitoring (AVM) form an integral component of Intelligent VehicleHighway Systems (IVHS) technology, with many IVHS applications requiring information on the real-time location of vehicles. The Global Positioning System (GPS) offers an efficient and economic method to the users, who need only provide suitable receivers to obtain precise coordinates and other related information, using the GPS satellite system. This paper deals with the use of GPS as a method for obtaining information on the position, speed and direction of travel of the vehicles, in the IVHS. The various issues involved in this task include the use of GPS receivers tailored for mobile applications, and their ability to provide direct observations of vehicle speed and travel direction. This, coupled with database management using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, can provide a reliable and efficient system for vehicle monitoring, navigation and tracking. GPS has the ability to collect and store large amounts of data. If data such as percentage stopped time and speed of a probe vehicle circulating in a network could be known in real time, then assessment can be made as to where congestion levels are highest. This is feasible, given a good communication system. This information could be relayed to the public as part of a traffic user information system, for instance providing drivers with warnings to avoid areas where congestion-related delays are expected. Introduction Research and development work in IVHS relies on the availability of methods of locating and monitoring vehicles (e.g. “probe vehicles”) in real time, across a road network. Zito et al, (1995), have studied the usage of GPS for Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS). Some of their observations and conclusions drawn from the experimental program are: • • • • • GPS can provide useful real-time data on vehicle position and speed, provided that account is taken of the quality of the signals received in judging the usefulness of the observed data. The choice of GPS receiver capability is important in vehicle monitoring applications. GPS direct speed measurement should always be used in preference to speeds calculated on the basis of vehicle positions over time. The number of satellites the receiver is able to track (NSAT) and the PDOP give an indication about the reliability of the speed data. GPS, when integrated with GIS, is a valuable tool for travel time studies.
The general conclusion is thus that GPS has much to offer as a vehicle identification and monitoring tool for IVHS application. This paper presents some of the applications of the GPS in Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems, like improving trip reporting, travel time studies, dynamic route guidance (DRG), vehicle navigation and tracking. An experiment has been planned, to carry out travel time and delay studies and to estimate the congestion on the roads, on some important roads in Mumbai. Applications The various important applications of GPS in IVHS include: Trip Reporting Classical methods of trip reporting have disadvantages like the poor data quality on travel start and end times, total trip times and trip destination (Sivaram and Kulkarni, 2001). A project study was conducted in Lexington, Kentucky in fall, 1996 where GPS was used to capture vehicle-based, daily travel information. The project used a computer for computer-assisted self-interviewing, combined with GPS system. Though the design of equipment required the respondents to actively turn the computer on each time they made a private vehicle trip, the GPS component could capture the “actual” travel rather than the self-reported travel. The driver had to actively select the driver and passenger names, and their trip purposes. The GPS component captured date and time, and latitude/longitude data every three seconds when a trip had begun, so that the trip start and end times were passive data elements to the respondent. The advantage
of passive data recording is that respondent burden is minimized and the travel times and distances that were collected represent the true picture about the length and duration of the trip. The usage of computer for computer-assisted-self-interviewing has helped to capture data regarding trip purpose and vehicle occupancy. Having the data regarding the trip purpose, occupancy, together with the route choice and travel speed, would provide planners with the information that could be used in evaluating management systems, designing ITS, etc. To further reduce the burden on the driver, GIS can be integrated with GPS. The GPS data, after exporting to a GIS can be viewed on the map. The use of GIS helps in knowing the destination of the trip, without the driver intervention, and also in knowing the particular route the driver had chosen to reach his destination. Though GIS has not been used in the research mentioned above, its usage for the trip reporting purpose will definitely improve the trip reporting procedure (Murakami and Wagner, 1999). Travel Time and Delay Studies using GPS Travel time studies are widely used to document congestion and to quantify the actual impact of highway improvements. Travel time and delay data also provide necessary information for use in route guidance and congestion monitoring systems (Taylor, 1992). Most travel time study techniques involve using probe vehicles. These techniques are conceptually very simple, but their implementation tends to be quite labor intensive. Normally two technicians are required in the vehicle: one of them to drive the vehicle, and the other one to record distance driven and the location and time the vehicle passes predetermined checkpoints. Nowadays, distance-measuring instruments (DMIs) can be used to automatically record distance, time, and speed. However, these units have several disadvantages including a need for frequent calibrations and verification of factors, which have nothing to do with the units (for example, tire pressure), and difficulty in using the resulting data in a GIS environment. Global positioning system (GPS) receivers have the ability to overcome these difficulties and, as a result, they are increasingly being used to conduct travel time studies. GPS receivers record location in latitude-longitude pairs. However, GPS data files tend to have huge number of records, particularly if data is collected at short time intervals, for example: every one second. As a result, formal procedures for linearly referencing, storing, and retrieving the GPS travel time and speed data efficiently become essential. One way to circumvent the GPS data storage problem involves aggregating the GPS data into highway segments or links so that only segment (or link) travel time and speed data are stored in the database. One of the drawbacks of this approach is that the rich detail of the original data is lost because only segment data are stored in the database. Some of the information contained in the original GPS data includes acceleration and deceleration patterns, control delay, and stopped delay, all of which occur regardless of any highway segmentation scheme considered. In order to access this information it is necessary to store all GPS point data in the database and provide a linear reference to each GPS point before attempting any GPS data aggregation. This referencing can be performed with the help of GIS dynamic segmentation tools. Unfortunately, using this capability has been, until recently, out of the reach for most agencies because of high data storage and processing demands. These limitations are quickly disappearing, though, as more affordable computers with much larger data storage capabilities and faster processors enter the market. Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) AVL is a technologically advanced method of remote vehicle tracking and monitoring using GPS. Each vehicle is equipped with a module that receives signals from a series of satellites, and calculates its current geographical location, speed, and heading. This information can be stored for later retrieval or, frequently, transmitted to a central dispatch/control location where it is displayed on a high-resolution geographical map. Vehicle tracking systems will be useful for the police and emergency response services. The central station usually diverts the vehicle nearest to the site, where the vehicles are required.
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Skema Rangkaian|Electronic Schematic Circuit Diagram Home > Other Circuits > Vehicle Monitoring and Security System
Vehicle Monitoring and Security System
ABSTRACT: In this modern, fast moving and insecure world, it is become a basic necessity to be aware of one’s safety. Maximum risks occur in situations wherein an employee travels for money transactions. Also the Company to which he belongs should be aware if there is some problem. What if the person traveling can be tracked and also secured in the case of an emergency?! Fantastic, isn’t it? Of course it is and here’s a system that functions as a tracking and a security system. It’s the VMSS. This system can deal with both pace and security.
The VMSS (Vehicle Monitoring and Security System) is a GPS based vehicle tracking system that is used for security applications as well. The project uses two main underlying concepts. These are GPS (Global Positioning System) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication). The main application of this system in this context is tracking the vehicle to which the GPS is connected, giving the information about its position whenever required and for the security of each person travelling by the vehicle. This is done with the help of the GPS satellite and the GPS module attached to the vehicle which needs to be tracked. The GPS antenna present in the GPS module receives the information from the GPS satellite in NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) format and thus it reveals the position information. This information got from the GPS antenna has to be sent to the Base station wherein it is decoded. For this we use GSM module which has an antenna too. Thus we have at the Base station; the complete data about the vehicle. Along with tracking the vehicle, the system is used for security applications as well. Each passenger/employee will have an ID of their own and will be using a remote containing key for Entry, Exit and Panic. The Panic button is used by the driver or the passenger so as to alert the concerned of emergency conditions. On pressing this button, an alarm will be activated which will help the passenger/employee in emergencies and keep them secure throughout the journey. The vehicle can also be immobilized remotely. INTRODUCTION: Of all the applications of GPS, Vehicle tracking and navigational systems have brought this technology to the day-to-day life of the common man. Today GPS fitted cars, ambulances, fleets and police vehicles are common sights on the roads of developed countries. Known by many names such as Automatic Vehicle Locating System (AVLS), Vehicle Tracking and Information System (VTIS), Mobile Asset Management System (MAMS), these systems offer an effective tool for improving the operational efficiency and utilization of the vehicles. GPS is used in the vehicles for both tracking and navigation. Tracking systems enable a base station to keep track of the vehicles without the intervention of the driver whereas navigation system helps the driver to reach the destination. Whether navigation system or tracking system, the architecture is more or less similar. The navigation system will have convenient, usually a graphic display for the driver which is not needed for the tracking system. Vehicle tracking systems combine a number of well-developed technologies. To design the VMSS system, we combined the GPS’s ability to pin-point location along with the ability of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) to communicate with a control center in a wireless fashion. The system includes GPS-GSM modules and a base station called the control center. Let us briefly explain how VMSS works. In order to monitor the vehicle, it is equipped with a GPS-GSM VMSS system. It receives GPS signals from satellites, computes the location information, and then sends it to the control center. With the vehicle location information, the control center displays all of the vehicle positions on an electronic map in order to easily monitor and control their routes. Besides tracking control, the control center can also maintain wireless
communication with the GPS units to provide other services such as alarms, status control, and system updates. The design takes into consideration important factors regarding both position and data communication. Thus, the project integrates location determination (GPS) and cellular (GSM) – two distinct and powerful technologies in a single system. VMSS is based on a PIC microcontroller-based system equipped with a GPS receiver and a GSM Module operating in the 900 MHz band. We housed the parts in one small plastic unit, which was then mounted on the vehicle and connected to GPS and GSM antennas. The position, identity, heading, and speed are transmitted either automatically at user-defined time intervals or when a certain event occurs with an assigned message (e.g.; accident, alert, or leaving/entering an admissible geographical area). The GPS Module outputs the vehicle location information such as longitude, latitude, direction, and Greenwich Time every five minutes. The GSM wireless communications function is based on a GSM network established in a valid region and with a valid service provider. Via the SMS provided by the GSM network, the location information and the status of the GPS-GSM VMSS are sent to the control center. Meanwhile, the VMSS receives the control information from the control center via the same SMS. Next, the GPS-GSM VMSS sends the information stored in the microcontroller via an RS-232 interface.
Ther e are two ways to use the VMSS’ alarm function, which can be signified by either a buzzer or presented on LCD. The first way is to receive the command from the control center; second way is to manually send the alarm information to the control center with the push of a button.
The base station consists of landline modem(s) and GIS workstation. The information about the vehicle is received at a base station and is then displayed on a PC based map. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provides a current, spatial, visual representation of transit operations. It is a special type of computerized database management system in which geographic databases are related to one via a common set of location coordinates. STAGES OF VMSS STAGE 1:
1. Driver starts his trip from the transport office. 2. VMSS transmits the Driver I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station.
STAGE 2:
1. Taxi picks up the employee/passenger from their residence. 2. VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station. Therefore base station will be able to keep a track of the vehicle and thus the employee/passenger.
STAGE 3:
1. Taxi drops the employee/passenger to the workplace. 2. VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station.
STAGE 4:
1. Taxi picks the employee/passenger from the workplace. 2. VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station. Therefore this enables the base station to estimate the time if required and also keep a track of the vehicle, passenger and the driver.
STAGE 5:
1. Taxi drops the employee/passenger to their residence. 2. VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station and makes sure that the job is 100% complete. application global system of mobile for a car, block diagram of automatic security system, security system mobile based ckt, VEHICLE POSITION INFORMATION SYSTEM, MICROCONTROLLER BASED DIGITAL FM TRANSMITTER, alarm via sms gsm microcontroller, car security system gsm technology with navigation, motor vehicle gps circuit diagram, microcontroller gps circuit diagrams, PIC microcontroller car security system « System for Mobile communications (GSM) Automatic solar tracking system »
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Process for a vehicle control and information system
A process for a vehicle control and information system in which data and trafficrelated information are transmitted by means of at least one radio-transmission system between a vehicle and a central unit. A data-processing unit in the central unit and/or a data-processing unit in the vehicle are used to calculate at least one route, and the route data is transmitted by means of the data-transmission system between the vehicle and the central unit. The data-processing unit in the central unit and/or the data-processing unit in the vehicle simulate in real time the motion of the vehicle, the real-time simulation being carried out both in the vehiclemounted data-processing unit and in the data-processing unit in the central unit using signals which are it transmitted over the radio transmission system. The vehicle position in the real-time simulation of the motion of the vehicle is displayed in the vehicle together with additional information relevant to the traffic.
Technologies Involved • GPS – Global Positioning System Allow GPS receiver to determine its exact POSITION in longitude and latitude, velocity, direction etc. • GSM – Global System of Mobile Allow this POSITION information to be sent to central control room as SMS or GSM data call • GPRS – General Packet Radio Service Allow transfer of multimedia content like photograph to central control room or other mobile unit • GIS – Geographical Information system City maps with technical information which allow converting the POSITION information into possible address, street or place. What is GPS? Developed by the U.S. Department of Defense for the military, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a worldwide, satellite-based, radio navigation system that will give you the exact position of your vehicles, no matter where they are, what time it is, or what the weather is like. A total of 24 satellites orbit the Earth, monitored continuously by earth stations. The satellites transmit signals that can be detected by GPS receivers located in your vehicles and used to determine their location with great accuracy. How does GPS work? Each GPS satellite transmits radio signals that enable the GPS receivers to calculate where its (or your vehicles) location on the Earth and convert the calculations into geodetic latitude, longitude and velocity. A receiver needs signals from atleast three GPS satellites to pinpoint your vehicle’s position. GPS Receivers commonly used in most Vehicle tracking systems can only receive data from GPS Satellites. They cannot communicate back with GPS or any other satellite. A system based on GPS can only calculate its location but cannot send it to central control room. In order to do this they normally use GSM-GPRS Cellular networks connectivity using additional GSM modem/module. What is GSM ? GSM, Global system of Mobile, is a popular Mobile communication system provided by
Cellular service providers or GSM Operators in most countries internationally. It is used for in most mobile handsets used by us. GSM Mobile communication system can be intelligently used by electronic devices which can collect some data and send it to the central place using SMS or GSM data call. GSM is required in Vehicle tracking systems because GPS system can normally only receive location information from satellites but cannot communicate back with them. Hence we need some other communication system like GSM to send this location information to central control room. Other technologies can also be used but they are more costly. What is GPRS? General Packet Radio Service, is new communication services introduced by GSM operators. These services are part of same GSM network. These services allow secure and confirmed transfer of content like digital photos or other data to other GPRS capable system. example of services based on GPRS is MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) GPRS is required in case we want to take snaps and transfer them to the central control room. They are not required for GPS tracking etc. GPRS does not involve additional hardware but we need to use more advanced GSM modules which support GPRS. GPRS services are not provided by all GSM operators. What is Automated Vehicle Location (AVL)? AVL systems are computer-based vehicle tracking systems that use a positioning system-GPS (Global Positioning System), GSM (Global System of Mobile) and GIS (Geographical Information System). Vehicle locations are transmitted at regular intervals to dispatch center, where “GIS map matching" software convert it into location and address on map for decision making.
GSM Antenna GPS Antenna Main Vehicle Tracking unit consist of Vehicle Controller, GPS Receiver, GSM Modem Optional Inputs/Outputs like Emergency button, Alarm signal etc. System work on 12VDC or 24VDC
Simple GPS-GSM Vehicle Tracking Unit
from Car power supply
Automatic vehicle location (AVL) is a means for determining the geographic location of a vehicle and transmitting this information to a point where it can be stored and used with certain software and database applications. A common practice is to stand up a centrally located server that is connected to a network and the server acts as the gathering point where data is received and stored in a database. Most commonly, vehicle location is determined by using a Global Positioning System (GPS) device, and the transmission mechanism of the data is a satellite, terrestrial radio or cellular connection from the vehicle to a receiving satellite, radio receiver, or nearby cell tower. Originally designed for fleet management, AVL systems have been in use for over 20 years to increase the accountability of field personnel and boost the efficiency of an organization’s dispatching procedures. The integration of AVL data into a geospatial information system (GIS) combines the concepts of dynamic geospatial location, intelligent geographic data and situational awareness. The added information of vehicle tracking information into an existing geospatial information system provides a comprehensive approach for decision making and asset management. The aggregated information makes the system extremely useful since the data is updated on a minute by minute basis to provide real-time applications. This paper summarizes a project conducted by members of the Air Force Academy Geospatial Technical Center (under the direction of the Institute for Information Technology) in collaboration with the Colorado Springs Traffic Management Center, AF Space Command, USAFA Fire Department and the 10th Communications Squadron during the summer of 2005. Initial AVL work and applications were first established by a federal grant for Congestion and Mitigation and Air Quality for the Colorado Springs region in 2001. The City of Colorado Springs Traffic Management Center approached the Colorado Springs Fire Department in 2004 about collaboration on an AVL project to study and develop a solution aimed at aiding emergency response and efficiency.
Military installations were later included u
nder the “Coordinated Responders Program” including the U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA).
Abstract—This paper describes the design of a system thatcan give information of vehicle position everytime there’s arequest forit. The information of vehicle position is gained fromGPS and it is transmitted using Short Message Services. The system is designed using VHDL on Altera MAX+plus IIsoftware, and it is implemented on Altera UP1X demoboardbased onFPGA chip, which is Altera FLEX 10KEPF10K70RC240-4.
I. INTRODUCTIONA. BackgroundTechnology grows rapidly that causes every people to actfast. As one of human needs,
information plays a greater role.People need to get fast and up -to-date information.The need to get such information is getting more important. For example is the need of knowing the position of vehicle is important for its owner .In this paper we develop such system that can give information of vehicle position. This system helps the ownerof the vehicle to know where his vehicle is. The system also helps tracking the vehicle when the owner is not driving it.B. ObjectivesThe objective of this project is to achieve a design of suchsystem that can give information of the vehicle position everytime there’s a request for it. The designed system has to beable to work properly on Altera UP1X demoboard based onFPGA, the Altera FLEX 10K EPF10K70RC240-4. C. Problem Boundary This system is designed to be able to communicate in twodirection between the vehicle and the owner. If the owner wants to know his vehicle position, he can easily send asignal to that vehicle. Then, the information of its position will be transmitted to him . The vehicle position is gainedfrom the Global Positioning System while the data is transmitted using Short Message Services.The system is designed using VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) onAltera MAX+plus II software and it is implemented on Altera UP1X demoboard based on FPGA (Field Programmable Logic Array) chip, which is the Altera FLEX 10K EPF10K70RC240-4. The testing of the system is limited untilin-circuit level. II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The designed system is a bidirectional communicationsystem between the owner and its vehicle. The explanation can be seen in Figure 1 below. Figure.1. System descriptionThe owner wants to know the vehicle position. Thereforehe sends a signal to that vehicle. Then, the information of thevehicle position that is gained from GPS will be transmitted to him. The data is transmitted using SMS.Part of the system that will be designed in this project is in the vehicle side (Part 1 in Figure 1). III. SYSTEM DESIGN As already been described in Chapter II, the designedsystem is an interface between the main operator, which is the owner, and his vehicle. The two parties could communicate intwo directions in order to know the vehicle position.
Figure.2. The input, output, and the main modules of the system
A. Inputs and Output of the SystemThere are two different kinds of inputs for this system. The first one is the input gained from GPS which is thesentence based on NMEA 0183 standard. The other one is the input received from cellular phone. But there is only oneoutput for this system which is AT Command for sending the SMS. B. Data Processing MechanismThe signal sent by the main operator is the SMS containing a request of the vehicle position. Then the signal received later is the SMS containing the information of thevehicle position. The needed vehicle position are the latitude and longitude data gained from GPS.C. System Module As we can see from Figure 2, this system is divided into three main parts, that are the SMS receiver, the GPS receiver and data processing, and the SMS transmitter modules. ? SMS Receiver Module This module handles the new incoming SMS signal. The SMS device used here is Siemens C35 cellular phone. Baud rate is set at 19200 bps, the datais 8N1 format, and flow control is none [1] . The input for this module is a sequence of datathat will be appeared whenever there is a new SMS coming. But there are certain AT commands that must be set first to make those data possible to appear[2]. Therefore, the system will send those certain AT commands at the beginning, to be able to indicate thatthere is a new incoming SMS. After the system indicates that there is a new incoming SMS, the SMS will be deleted and the system will be ready to receive data from GPS. ? GPS Receiver and Data Processing Module This module receives and processes the GPS data.
Baud rate is set at 4800 bps, the data is 8N1 format, and flow control is none. The GPS used in this project is GARMIN type 35LP. The format of the transmitted data from that GPS is as follows [3]. $PGRMF,df1,df2,df3,df4,df5,df6,df7,df8,df9,df10,df11 ,df12,df13,df14,df15*hh[CR][LF] There are two conditions of receiving the GPSdata, that is when the GPS is still searching for the first position, and when the GPS has determined the first position. The first condition is identified by the data in field 11 (df11) that contains ‘0’. There are also no data in the 1st until 9th field and 12th until 15th , while the 10th field contains ‘A’ character which means that the mode is automatic. For the second condition, the latitude data is in the 6th field in format ddmm.mmmm, while the latitude hemisphere data (North or South) is in the 7th field.On the other hand, the longitude data is in the 8th field in format dddmm.mmmm and the longitude hemisphere data (West or East) is in the 9th field. The output for this module is the information of the vehicle position which are the latitude and longitude data. After this process finished, the system is ready to transmit the SMS. ? SMS Transmitter Module This module handles the SMS transmission containing the vehicle position information. Thesetting of this module is the same as in the SMS receiver module. The input for this module is the information of vehicle position gained from the GPS receiver and data processing module. The outputs for this module are AT command and PDU codes that are used to send an SMS. The format of SMS content expected is as follows.*dd:mm; *ddd:mm The ‘*’ character can be the ‘+’ character thatindicates the North Latitude or West Longitude, or the ‘–‘ character that indicates the South Latitude or the East Longitude. IV. SIMULATION RESULTS The designed system is first verified using the timing simulation on Altera MAX+plus II software. The ser_hp signal is the serial data sent to the cellular phone. The respons from the cellular phone is the serial data in_hp input signal. The datain_hp[7..0] is the 8 bit parallel data from the in_hp signal.
Figure.3. The system sends certain AT commands at the beginning.
At the beginning, the system sends certain AT commands to make the cellular phone be able to indicate the new incoming SMS. Then the system is ready to indicate the new incoming SMS.
Figure. 4. The system indicates the new incoming SMS. Then the SMS is deleted.
After the system indicates the new incoming SMS, the SMS is deleted. Now the system is ready to receive and process data from GPS.
Figure.5. The system is ready to receive and process the GPS data
The baud rate is changed to GPS baud rate. Now the system is ready to receive and process the GPS data. The in_gps is the serial data input signal from the GPS. The datain_gps[7..0] is the 8 bit parallel data from the in_gps signal.
Figure.6. The system is ready to send the SMS
After the information of position has been achieved, the system is ready to send the SMS. Therefore the baud rate is
changed to cellular phone baud rate.
Figure.7. The system finished sending the SMS. Then it will have to wait until the cellular phone indicates that the SMS has been sent successfully.
Based on the timing simulation results, the maximum system operating frequency is 3.74 MHz. V. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION As already been described in Chapter I, the designed system is implemented on Altera UP1X demoboard. The Altera UP1X demoboard has two PLD (Programmable Logic Device) chips, which are FPGA FLEX 10K EPF10K70RC240-4 and CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) MAX7000 EPM7128S [4]. From those two chips, only the FPGA one that is used here, because it has larger capacities, such as 70000 logic gates. There are two testing and verification procedures of this system. Both are limited until the in-circuit level.
Figure.8. Testbench for the first testing and verification procedure
In the testbench for the first testing and verification procedure, the inputs for the designed system are supplied from two different modules, which are the variation of cellular input module and the variation of GPS input module. The variation of cellular input module has a start signal that triggers the flowing of the data signal, which is a serial asynchronous data. Those serial data is supplied to the input signal of the designed system. The output of the designed system is the ser_hp signal which is a serial data that is transmitted to the cellular phone. The clk signal is the clock input provided from the oscillator crystal of 25.175 MHz. The baud signal is the output of the baud rate generator that supplies the clk2 signal, which is the secondary clock for the system. A nd also, there are the rst signal which reset s the system when its value is ‘1’, and the ena signal which enables the system as long as its value is ‘1’. To make it possible to observe and verify every data, we use 3.15 Hz as the GPS baud rate and 12.59 Hz as the cellular phone baud rate. This first procedure is shown in Figure 9 where certain important data can be observed through seven segment and VGA.
Figure.9. The first testing and verification procedure
In the second testing and verification procedure, we use the real cellular phone, which is Siemens C35, and for the GPS, we use a simulated data supplied from a serial port program using Visual C++.
Figure. 10. The block diagram of the second testing and verification procedure
In Figure 11, we can see the example of SMS as the result of this second testing and verification procedure. The vehicle position information gained from that SMS is 01° 04’ South Lattitude ; 307° 06’ West Longitude. This information is accurate according to the simulated data supplied from a serial port program on PC.
Figure.11. The example of SMS gained from the second testing and verification procedure
The result from the second testing and verification procedure is that the system works at both real baud rates, which are 19200 bps for cellular and 4800 bps for GPS. VI. CONCLUSIONS In this project, the result of the designed system has accomplished the target . The maximum frequency of this system based on timing simulation is 3.74 MHz, while based on the in-circuit verification, the system works at both real baud rates, which are 19200 bps for cellular and 4800 bps for GPS. The total number of logic cells used is 2472 of 3744
(66%). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to express gratitudes to PT Elektrindodaya Pakarnusa that supports the facilities for this project. Along with Mulyanto for his assistance during working this project. REFERENCES [1] Khang, Bustam, Trik Pemograman Aplikasi Berbasis SMS , Jakarta : PT Elex Media Komputindo, 2002. [2] Hayes AT command parameters for sending and receiving SMS messages, http://www.fastlogic.co.z a/faq59.htm [3] Technical Specification GPS GARMIN 35 LP TracPak, 2000, www.garmin.com [4] University Program Design Laboratory Package User Guide, http://www.altera.com
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Abstract Methods for automatic vehicle monitoring (AVM) form an integral component of Intelligent VehicleHighway Systems (IVHS) technology, with many IVHS applications requiring information on the real-time location of vehicles. The Global Positioning System (GPS) offers an efficient and economic method to the users, who need only provide suitable receivers to obtain precise coordinates and other related information, using the GPS satellite system. This paper deals with the use of GPS as a method for obtaining information on the position, speed and direction of travel of the vehicles, in the IVHS. The various issues involved in this task include the use of GPS receivers tailored for mobile applications, and their ability to provide direct observations of vehicle speed and travel direction. This, coupled with database management using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, can provide a reliable and efficient system for vehicle monitoring, navigation and tracking. GPS has the ability to collect and store large amounts of data. If data such as percentage stopped time and speed of a probe vehicle circulating in a network could be known in real time, then assessment can be made as to where congestion levels are highest. This is feasible, given a good communication system. This information could be relayed to the public as part of a traffic user information system, for instance providing drivers with warnings to avoid areas where congestion-related delays are expected. Introduction Research and development work in IVHS relies on the availability of methods of locating and monitoring vehicles (e.g. “probe vehicles”) in real time, across a road network. Zito et al, (1995), have studied the usage of GPS for Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS). Some of their observations and conclusions drawn from the experimental program are: • • • • • GPS can provide useful real-time data on vehicle position and speed, provided that account is taken of the quality of the signals received in judging the usefulness of the observed data. The choice of GPS receiver capability is important in vehicle monitoring applications. GPS direct speed measurement should always be used in preference to speeds calculated on the basis of vehicle positions over time. The number of satellites the receiver is able to track (NSAT) and the PDOP give an indication about the reliability of the speed data. GPS, when integrated with GIS, is a valuable tool for travel time studies.
The general conclusion is thus that GPS has much to offer as a vehicle identification and monitoring tool for IVHS application. This paper presents some of the applications of the GPS in Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems, like improving trip reporting, travel time studies, dynamic route guidance (DRG), vehicle navigation and tracking. An experiment has been planned, to carry out travel time and delay studies and to estimate the congestion on the roads, on some important roads in Mumbai. Applications The various important applications of GPS in IVHS include: Trip Reporting Classical methods of trip reporting have disadvantages like the poor data quality on travel start and end times, total trip times and trip destination (Sivaram and Kulkarni, 2001). A project study was conducted in Lexington, Kentucky in fall, 1996 where GPS was used to capture vehicle-based, daily travel information. The project used a computer for computer-assisted self-interviewing, combined with GPS system. Though the design of equipment required the respondents to actively turn the computer on each time they made a private vehicle trip, the GPS component could capture the “actual” travel rather than the self-reported travel. The driver had to actively select the driver and passenger names, and their trip purposes. The GPS component captured date and time, and latitude/longitude data every three seconds when a trip had begun, so that the trip start and end times were passive data elements to the respondent. The advantage
of passive data recording is that respondent burden is minimized and the travel times and distances that were collected represent the true picture about the length and duration of the trip. The usage of computer for computer-assisted-self-interviewing has helped to capture data regarding trip purpose and vehicle occupancy. Having the data regarding the trip purpose, occupancy, together with the route choice and travel speed, would provide planners with the information that could be used in evaluating management systems, designing ITS, etc. To further reduce the burden on the driver, GIS can be integrated with GPS. The GPS data, after exporting to a GIS can be viewed on the map. The use of GIS helps in knowing the destination of the trip, without the driver intervention, and also in knowing the particular route the driver had chosen to reach his destination. Though GIS has not been used in the research mentioned above, its usage for the trip reporting purpose will definitely improve the trip reporting procedure (Murakami and Wagner, 1999). Travel Time and Delay Studies using GPS Travel time studies are widely used to document congestion and to quantify the actual impact of highway improvements. Travel time and delay data also provide necessary information for use in route guidance and congestion monitoring systems (Taylor, 1992). Most travel time study techniques involve using probe vehicles. These techniques are conceptually very simple, but their implementation tends to be quite labor intensive. Normally two technicians are required in the vehicle: one of them to drive the vehicle, and the other one to record distance driven and the location and time the vehicle passes predetermined checkpoints. Nowadays, distance-measuring instruments (DMIs) can be used to automatically record distance, time, and speed. However, these units have several disadvantages including a need for frequent calibrations and verification of factors, which have nothing to do with the units (for example, tire pressure), and difficulty in using the resulting data in a GIS environment. Global positioning system (GPS) receivers have the ability to overcome these difficulties and, as a result, they are increasingly being used to conduct travel time studies. GPS receivers record location in latitude-longitude pairs. However, GPS data files tend to have huge number of records, particularly if data is collected at short time intervals, for example: every one second. As a result, formal procedures for linearly referencing, storing, and retrieving the GPS travel time and speed data efficiently become essential. One way to circumvent the GPS data storage problem involves aggregating the GPS data into highway segments or links so that only segment (or link) travel time and speed data are stored in the database. One of the drawbacks of this approach is that the rich detail of the original data is lost because only segment data are stored in the database. Some of the information contained in the original GPS data includes acceleration and deceleration patterns, control delay, and stopped delay, all of which occur regardless of any highway segmentation scheme considered. In order to access this information it is necessary to store all GPS point data in the database and provide a linear reference to each GPS point before attempting any GPS data aggregation. This referencing can be performed with the help of GIS dynamic segmentation tools. Unfortunately, using this capability has been, until recently, out of the reach for most agencies because of high data storage and processing demands. These limitations are quickly disappearing, though, as more affordable computers with much larger data storage capabilities and faster processors enter the market. Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) AVL is a technologically advanced method of remote vehicle tracking and monitoring using GPS. Each vehicle is equipped with a module that receives signals from a series of satellites, and calculates its current geographical location, speed, and heading. This information can be stored for later retrieval or, frequently, transmitted to a central dispatch/control location where it is displayed on a high-resolution geographical map. Vehicle tracking systems will be useful for the police and emergency response services. The central station usually diverts the vehicle nearest to the site, where the vehicles are required.
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Skema Rangkaian|Electronic Schematic Circuit Diagram Home > Other Circuits > Vehicle Monitoring and Security System
Vehicle Monitoring and Security System
ABSTRACT: In this modern, fast moving and insecure world, it is become a basic necessity to be aware of one’s safety. Maximum risks occur in situations wherein an employee travels for money transactions. Also the Company to which he belongs should be aware if there is some problem. What if the person traveling can be tracked and also secured in the case of an emergency?! Fantastic, isn’t it? Of course it is and here’s a system that functions as a tracking and a security system. It’s the VMSS. This system can deal with both pace and security.
The VMSS (Vehicle Monitoring and Security System) is a GPS based vehicle tracking system that is used for security applications as well. The project uses two main underlying concepts. These are GPS (Global Positioning System) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication). The main application of this system in this context is tracking the vehicle to which the GPS is connected, giving the information about its position whenever required and for the security of each person travelling by the vehicle. This is done with the help of the GPS satellite and the GPS module attached to the vehicle which needs to be tracked. The GPS antenna present in the GPS module receives the information from the GPS satellite in NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) format and thus it reveals the position information. This information got from the GPS antenna has to be sent to the Base station wherein it is decoded. For this we use GSM module which has an antenna too. Thus we have at the Base station; the complete data about the vehicle. Along with tracking the vehicle, the system is used for security applications as well. Each passenger/employee will have an ID of their own and will be using a remote containing key for Entry, Exit and Panic. The Panic button is used by the driver or the passenger so as to alert the concerned of emergency conditions. On pressing this button, an alarm will be activated which will help the passenger/employee in emergencies and keep them secure throughout the journey. The vehicle can also be immobilized remotely. INTRODUCTION: Of all the applications of GPS, Vehicle tracking and navigational systems have brought this technology to the day-to-day life of the common man. Today GPS fitted cars, ambulances, fleets and police vehicles are common sights on the roads of developed countries. Known by many names such as Automatic Vehicle Locating System (AVLS), Vehicle Tracking and Information System (VTIS), Mobile Asset Management System (MAMS), these systems offer an effective tool for improving the operational efficiency and utilization of the vehicles. GPS is used in the vehicles for both tracking and navigation. Tracking systems enable a base station to keep track of the vehicles without the intervention of the driver whereas navigation system helps the driver to reach the destination. Whether navigation system or tracking system, the architecture is more or less similar. The navigation system will have convenient, usually a graphic display for the driver which is not needed for the tracking system. Vehicle tracking systems combine a number of well-developed technologies. To design the VMSS system, we combined the GPS’s ability to pin-point location along with the ability of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) to communicate with a control center in a wireless fashion. The system includes GPS-GSM modules and a base station called the control center. Let us briefly explain how VMSS works. In order to monitor the vehicle, it is equipped with a GPS-GSM VMSS system. It receives GPS signals from satellites, computes the location information, and then sends it to the control center. With the vehicle location information, the control center displays all of the vehicle positions on an electronic map in order to easily monitor and control their routes. Besides tracking control, the control center can also maintain wireless
communication with the GPS units to provide other services such as alarms, status control, and system updates. The design takes into consideration important factors regarding both position and data communication. Thus, the project integrates location determination (GPS) and cellular (GSM) – two distinct and powerful technologies in a single system. VMSS is based on a PIC microcontroller-based system equipped with a GPS receiver and a GSM Module operating in the 900 MHz band. We housed the parts in one small plastic unit, which was then mounted on the vehicle and connected to GPS and GSM antennas. The position, identity, heading, and speed are transmitted either automatically at user-defined time intervals or when a certain event occurs with an assigned message (e.g.; accident, alert, or leaving/entering an admissible geographical area). The GPS Module outputs the vehicle location information such as longitude, latitude, direction, and Greenwich Time every five minutes. The GSM wireless communications function is based on a GSM network established in a valid region and with a valid service provider. Via the SMS provided by the GSM network, the location information and the status of the GPS-GSM VMSS are sent to the control center. Meanwhile, the VMSS receives the control information from the control center via the same SMS. Next, the GPS-GSM VMSS sends the information stored in the microcontroller via an RS-232 interface.
Ther e are two ways to use the VMSS’ alarm function, which can be signified by either a buzzer or presented on LCD. The first way is to receive the command from the control center; second way is to manually send the alarm information to the control center with the push of a button.
The base station consists of landline modem(s) and GIS workstation. The information about the vehicle is received at a base station and is then displayed on a PC based map. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provides a current, spatial, visual representation of transit operations. It is a special type of computerized database management system in which geographic databases are related to one via a common set of location coordinates. STAGES OF VMSS STAGE 1:
1. Driver starts his trip from the transport office. 2. VMSS transmits the Driver I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station.
STAGE 2:
1. Taxi picks up the employee/passenger from their residence. 2. VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station. Therefore base station will be able to keep a track of the vehicle and thus the employee/passenger.
STAGE 3:
1. Taxi drops the employee/passenger to the workplace. 2. VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station.
STAGE 4:
1. Taxi picks the employee/passenger from the workplace. 2. VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the Vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station. Therefore this enables the base station to estimate the time if required and also keep a track of the vehicle, passenger and the driver.
STAGE 5:
1. Taxi drops the employee/passenger to their residence. 2. VMSS transmits the Passenger I.D and the vehicle I.D along with the position of the vehicle to the base station and makes sure that the job is 100% complete. application global system of mobile for a car, block diagram of automatic security system, security system mobile based ckt, VEHICLE POSITION INFORMATION SYSTEM, MICROCONTROLLER BASED DIGITAL FM TRANSMITTER, alarm via sms gsm microcontroller, car security system gsm technology with navigation, motor vehicle gps circuit diagram, microcontroller gps circuit diagrams, PIC microcontroller car security system « System for Mobile communications (GSM) Automatic solar tracking system »
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Process for a vehicle control and information system
A process for a vehicle control and information system in which data and trafficrelated information are transmitted by means of at least one radio-transmission system between a vehicle and a central unit. A data-processing unit in the central unit and/or a data-processing unit in the vehicle are used to calculate at least one route, and the route data is transmitted by means of the data-transmission system between the vehicle and the central unit. The data-processing unit in the central unit and/or the data-processing unit in the vehicle simulate in real time the motion of the vehicle, the real-time simulation being carried out both in the vehiclemounted data-processing unit and in the data-processing unit in the central unit using signals which are it transmitted over the radio transmission system. The vehicle position in the real-time simulation of the motion of the vehicle is displayed in the vehicle together with additional information relevant to the traffic.
Technologies Involved • GPS – Global Positioning System Allow GPS receiver to determine its exact POSITION in longitude and latitude, velocity, direction etc. • GSM – Global System of Mobile Allow this POSITION information to be sent to central control room as SMS or GSM data call • GPRS – General Packet Radio Service Allow transfer of multimedia content like photograph to central control room or other mobile unit • GIS – Geographical Information system City maps with technical information which allow converting the POSITION information into possible address, street or place. What is GPS? Developed by the U.S. Department of Defense for the military, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a worldwide, satellite-based, radio navigation system that will give you the exact position of your vehicles, no matter where they are, what time it is, or what the weather is like. A total of 24 satellites orbit the Earth, monitored continuously by earth stations. The satellites transmit signals that can be detected by GPS receivers located in your vehicles and used to determine their location with great accuracy. How does GPS work? Each GPS satellite transmits radio signals that enable the GPS receivers to calculate where its (or your vehicles) location on the Earth and convert the calculations into geodetic latitude, longitude and velocity. A receiver needs signals from atleast three GPS satellites to pinpoint your vehicle’s position. GPS Receivers commonly used in most Vehicle tracking systems can only receive data from GPS Satellites. They cannot communicate back with GPS or any other satellite. A system based on GPS can only calculate its location but cannot send it to central control room. In order to do this they normally use GSM-GPRS Cellular networks connectivity using additional GSM modem/module. What is GSM ? GSM, Global system of Mobile, is a popular Mobile communication system provided by
Cellular service providers or GSM Operators in most countries internationally. It is used for in most mobile handsets used by us. GSM Mobile communication system can be intelligently used by electronic devices which can collect some data and send it to the central place using SMS or GSM data call. GSM is required in Vehicle tracking systems because GPS system can normally only receive location information from satellites but cannot communicate back with them. Hence we need some other communication system like GSM to send this location information to central control room. Other technologies can also be used but they are more costly. What is GPRS? General Packet Radio Service, is new communication services introduced by GSM operators. These services are part of same GSM network. These services allow secure and confirmed transfer of content like digital photos or other data to other GPRS capable system. example of services based on GPRS is MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) GPRS is required in case we want to take snaps and transfer them to the central control room. They are not required for GPS tracking etc. GPRS does not involve additional hardware but we need to use more advanced GSM modules which support GPRS. GPRS services are not provided by all GSM operators. What is Automated Vehicle Location (AVL)? AVL systems are computer-based vehicle tracking systems that use a positioning system-GPS (Global Positioning System), GSM (Global System of Mobile) and GIS (Geographical Information System). Vehicle locations are transmitted at regular intervals to dispatch center, where “GIS map matching" software convert it into location and address on map for decision making.
GSM Antenna GPS Antenna Main Vehicle Tracking unit consist of Vehicle Controller, GPS Receiver, GSM Modem Optional Inputs/Outputs like Emergency button, Alarm signal etc. System work on 12VDC or 24VDC
Simple GPS-GSM Vehicle Tracking Unit
from Car power supply
Automatic vehicle location (AVL) is a means for determining the geographic location of a vehicle and transmitting this information to a point where it can be stored and used with certain software and database applications. A common practice is to stand up a centrally located server that is connected to a network and the server acts as the gathering point where data is received and stored in a database. Most commonly, vehicle location is determined by using a Global Positioning System (GPS) device, and the transmission mechanism of the data is a satellite, terrestrial radio or cellular connection from the vehicle to a receiving satellite, radio receiver, or nearby cell tower. Originally designed for fleet management, AVL systems have been in use for over 20 years to increase the accountability of field personnel and boost the efficiency of an organization’s dispatching procedures. The integration of AVL data into a geospatial information system (GIS) combines the concepts of dynamic geospatial location, intelligent geographic data and situational awareness. The added information of vehicle tracking information into an existing geospatial information system provides a comprehensive approach for decision making and asset management. The aggregated information makes the system extremely useful since the data is updated on a minute by minute basis to provide real-time applications. This paper summarizes a project conducted by members of the Air Force Academy Geospatial Technical Center (under the direction of the Institute for Information Technology) in collaboration with the Colorado Springs Traffic Management Center, AF Space Command, USAFA Fire Department and the 10th Communications Squadron during the summer of 2005. Initial AVL work and applications were first established by a federal grant for Congestion and Mitigation and Air Quality for the Colorado Springs region in 2001. The City of Colorado Springs Traffic Management Center approached the Colorado Springs Fire Department in 2004 about collaboration on an AVL project to study and develop a solution aimed at aiding emergency response and efficiency.
Military installations were later included u
nder the “Coordinated Responders Program” including the U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA).
