DNA is the hereditary material of life This molecule carries the instructions
needed to make all living organisms
Introduction The four Molecules that are very important
to life 1.Lipids 2.Proteins 3.Carbohydrates 4.Nucleic acids DNA is composed of Nucleic Acids
Introduction In DNA, the Nucleic Acids are found in the
form of a molecule called a Nucleotide
Tell me more, please!
Composition Remember that the Nucleotide is the basic
building block (Monomer) of DNA
Structure So, a molecule of DNA is
made up of millions of subunits called Nucleotides Those subunits are the genetic code! The structure of DNA is of 2 strands arranged into a Double Helix
Structure Each nucleotide consists of three parts: 1.P 2.D 3.A, T, C, G
Structure Each nucleotide consists of three parts: 1.Phosphate group 2.Deoxyribose sugar 3.Nitrogenous base
The three parts of a Nucleotide Phosphat e
Nitrogenou s Base Sugar
Structure And the structure of DNA
is of 2 strands arranged into a Double Helix
The Backbone and the Bases The phosphate and deoxyribose sugar (P &
D) form the backbone of the DNA molecule The nitrogen bases (A, T, C, G) form the “rungs of the ladder”
Nucleotides There are four distinct types of Nucleotides Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G)
Nucleotides A
Adenine
C
Cytosine
T
Thymine
G
Guanine
Nucleotides Each base will only bond with one
other specific base. Adenine (A) Thymine (T)
Form a base pair.
Cytosine (C) Guanine (G)
Form a base pair.
DNA Structure Because of this complementary base
pairing, the order of the bases in one strand determines the order of the bases in the other strand
A C T C A
T G A G T
G
C
T
A
DNA Structure To crack the genetic code found in
DNA we need to look at the sequence of bases. The bases are arranged in triplets
called codons. AGG-CTC-AAG-TCC-TAG TCC-GAG-TTC-AGG-ATC
What do I need to know? DNA is the hereditary material DNA contains the instructions for all living
organisms A DNA molecule is composed of many tiny Nucleic Acids called Nucleotides
What do I need to know? The Nucleotide has three parts Phosphate (P) Deoxyribose Sugar (D) Nitrogenous Base (A, T, C, G) The bases are complimentary and pair-up A-T C-G
Looking Ahead Each triplet of nitrogenous bases is known
as one codon Each codon encodes one amino acid
Looking Ahead DNA to RNA is called transcription RNA to Protein is called translation