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FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS
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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN SCIENCE (SSI 3013)

STELLA SOFTWARE TITLE : PENDULUM STORY

NAME : WAN NOR IZZATI BINTI WAN MOHAMAD DIN MATRIC NO : D20101037530 GROUP : A CLASS SESSION : WEDNESDAY (5-7 PM) LECTURER’S NAME : EN AZMI BIN IBRAHIM

1.0

INTRODUCTION 1.1 WHAT IS STELLA SOFTWARE?

There are numerous simulation software packages available, and the discussions as to which one is the best are endless. Stella software is one of the software system thinking for education and research. Stella models provide endless opportunities to explore by knowing what and watching what happens, inspiring the exciting moments of learning for students.Stella software is the gold standard and suitable for education.Thousands of educators and researchers have made simulation by stella software and using it to study everything from economics to physics, literature to calculus, chemistry to public policy and research communities have recognized the unique of stella’s ability to stimulate learning during education process. There are a lot of model experiments in stella software.Those models are mental model which are used to construct, simulate and relate the real experiment. Stella models also allow you to communicate how a system works and know what goes in, how the system is impacted and what are the outcomes. Stella software also supports diverse learning styles with a wide range of storytelling features including diagrams, charts, and animation. It help visual learners to discover relationships between variables in an equation. For verbal learners, they might surround visual models with words or attach documents to explain the impact of a new environmental policy. More over, Stella software is use to simulate a system over time,jump the gap between theory and the real world, enable students to creatively change the systems given, teach students to look for relationships and it help students clearly communicate system inputs and outputs and demonstrate the outcomes.

1.2

WHAT IS SIMULATION?

A simulation is a computer model that mimics the operation of a real or proposed system, The simulation is time based, and takes into account all the resources and constraints involved, as well as the way these things interact with each other as time passes. Simulation also builds in the randomness you would see in real life. Simulation software is based on the process of modeling a real phenomenon with a set of mathematical formulas. It is, essentially, a program that allows the user to observe an operation through simulation without actually performing that operation. Simulation software is used widely to design equipment so that the final product will be as close to design specs as possible without expensive in process modification. Simulation software with real-time response is often used in gaming, but it also has important industrial applications and edution process. Advanced computer programs can simulate weather conditions, electronic circuits, chemical reactions, mechatronics, heat pumps, feedback control systems, atomic reactions, even biological processes. In theory, any phenomena that can be reduced to mathematical data and equations can be simulated on a computer. Simulation can be difficult because most natural phenomena are subject to an almost infinite number of influences. One of the tricks to developing useful simulations is to determine which are the most important factors that affect the goals of the simulation. By using simulation, it helps students get the outcome without wasting the time. For example, the experiment using simulation software take 5 minutes but in real experiment take until few hours or few days. This means that the simulation help to reduce time duration and really can match reality, so when you make changes to the simulation it will demonstrate exactly how the system would behave in real life.With simulation software you can quickly try out your ideas at a fraction of the cost of trying them in the real organization. And, because you can try ideas quickly, you can have many more ideas, and gain many insights, into how to run the organization more effectively. In addition, to imitating processes to see how they behave under different conditions, simulations are also used to test new theories. After creating a theory of causal relationships, the theorist can codify the relationships in the form of a computer program. If the program then behaves in the same way as the real process, there is a good chance that the proposed relationships are correct.

1.3

TYPES OF SIMULATION

There are three types of simulation, live, virtual and constructive. A simulation also may be a combination of two or more styles. Within these styles, simulations are interactions of things observed or measured, or involve interactions with humans.

Live simulations typically involve humans or equipment and activity in a setting where they would operate for real. For example is war games with soldiers out in the field or manning command posts. Time is continuous, as in the real world. Another example of live simulation is testing a car battery using an electrical tester.Second is Virtual simulations. Virtual simulation is typically involve humans or equipment in a computer-controlled setting. Time is in discrete steps, allowing users to concentrate on the important stuff. The third type of simulation is Constructive simulations where it is typically do not involve humans or equipment as participants. Rather than by time, they are driven more by the proper sequencing of events. The anticipated path might be constucted through application of temperatures, pressures, wind currents and other weather factors. Science-based simulations are typically constructive in nature.

1.4

PURPOSE OF SIMULATION IN TEACHING AND LEARNING

Simulation is extensively used for educational purposes. In such situations students will spend time learning valuable lessons in a safe virtual environment yet living a life like experience .Often the convenience is to permit mistakes during training for a safety-critical system. For example, in Smart School, teachers practice classroom management and teaching techniques on simulated students, which avoids learning on the job that can damage real students.There is a distinction, though, between simulations used for training and Instructional simulation.

Through the use of simulation software, it provides significant advantages over real life experimentation for students and also help teacher for easier handling teaching and learning process in class. In addition, doing experiment by using simulation software can reduce cost, time and repeatability when variability, disruption and complexity exist.

1.5

STUDENTS MOTIVATION

Simulation is more interesting and can attract students to explore more about the reserch. Student can download the software and try the experiment at home and having more time to explore and understanding what are the purpose of the experiment and do the experiment well. Indirectly, the simulation software can improve the student’s motivation and increase their interest in learning. They will be more excited to do the experiment because everyone can try the experiment. Phenomenon nowadays in school especially for those students in rural areas, there are no enough facilities and tools for experiments. Sometimes, students need to share the apparatus and materials to do the experiment, but if we use the simulation software, it may help student to have their satisfaction in learning. In addition, Simulation software helps students learn more interest because it contains diagrams, graphs, interesting application and Colourful figure. It can attract students attention and increase the motivation to study about the subject. By using the software, students will think every subjects is easy and possible to do. It also will increase the level of curiosity among students and improve confidence between them and to put more effort on study.

1.6

PREDICTION

Experiment by using the simulation software is repeatable and student can do as many times as they want untill the experiment is success. It also help the beginning learner or slow learners to try again and again untill the experiment is success. They also can use the button on the software model to change any parameter to see the result. For example when they change the manipulated variable, what will happen to the resulting variable.Is it also changing or gives no effect to the result. The simulation helps student to predict what will happen if they change some of the parameters on the model in that software.

2.0

DISCUSSION

2.1

RESULT AND DISCUSSION ABOUT THE STELLA PENDULUM MODEL

For this experimental model, I had choose Pendulum story as my experimental model. Here is some discussion about the pendulum story model.

Figure 1 Figure 1 above shows the graph of the result when running the experiment of pendulum without changing any parameter given in the model software. The experiment of 1kg mass of ball, with initial displacement is 0.10 m and the string lenght 1.0 m and included the gravity attraction only. The graph shown is Final displacement Vs Time taken by the pendulum to complete the swing.

Figure 2

Figure 2 shows the graph of the result when changing the parameter of mass of the ball from 1.0 kg to 2.0 kg. There is no changes to the graph because the mass of the ball does not effect the time taken of complete swing of the pendulum.

Figure 3 Figure 3 shown when I have changing the initial displacement parameter from 0.10m to 0.20m. It will effect the final displacement of the garaph since the initial displacement changed.

Figure 4

In the figure 4, the green line on the graph shows that the result after changing the lenght of the string. It effects the time taken by the pendulum to complete the oscillation. So that, we know the length of the string is the manipulated variable where when the parameter changing, the resulting variable also changing.

Figure 5

In figure 5 above, the orange line shows the result after adding fraction to the experiment. It gives effect to the graph as it lower down the graph compared to the green line before adding friction.

2.2

CONCLUSION FOR THE EXPERIMENT PENDULUM OF STELLA MODEL

The pendulum is a body suspended from a fixed point so as to swing freely to and fro under the action of gravity. The pendulum serves as an illustration of Newton’s Second Law, which states that for every force there is an equal and opposite reaction. The pendulum will swing through small displacements from its rest position at a fixed period,for example,it will move from one side and return to that side that is dependent on the length of the string and the acceleration of gravity. Figure 2 above shows no changes on the graph. This means that no matter what the weight, a ball that is suspended on a certain length of string will take the same time to complete the motion, for example, 10 cycles. For the last figure, we change the experiment, by adding friction to the pendulum to see does the friction will affect the result. On the figure 5, we can see that the orange line on the graph is lower than the green line on the graph. This means that the amplitude of the pendulum swing decreases with each cycle, with increasing time because of friction.

3.0

CLOSING/CONCLUSION

In my opinion, the simulation is very important and helps a lot in education system in Malaysia. This is because it being a replacement model for real world experiences and help teachers teach the students in easy way. Teachers can do demonstration on how to use the model in class and students can apply the software models by their own and explore everything in that software. Indirectly, students should be able to understand well about the experiments because they can experience themselves. Students also can be more open minded and think beyond the knowledge. Nowadays, everything have changed in terms of the sophistication of technology in education, so that, I think the simulation software is very suitable and applicable to be use in future lessons.

4.0

REFERENCES

Introduction To Modeling And Simulation, Anu Maria (2012). State University of New York at Binghamton Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering : Binghamton, NY Practical Applications of Systems Thinking and STELLA in the High School Setting.Jeremy Merritt, Mark Clemente (2012). Retrieved on November 24, 2012. from http://www.iseesystems.com/softwares/Education/StellaSoftware.aspx Simulation and modelling, Retrieved on November 27, 2012. from http://www.inf.utfsm.cl/~hallende/download/Simul- 2002/Introduction_to Modeling_and_Simulation.pdf Simulation learning, Institute for Simulation & Training, retrieved on November 20, 2012 from http://www.ist.ucf.edu/background.htm Simulation model, Lanner (2008).Retrieved on November 30, 2012. from http://www.lanner.com/en/simulation-explained.cfm The pendulum,(2012), retrieved on November 28, 2012.from http://www.cs.wright.edu/~jslater/SDTCOutreachWebsite/pendulum_exp.pdf

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