Emergency nursing
Content
EMERGENCY NURSING
SUBMITTED BY: GROUP9 B
BARRETTO, ILYNH GRACE D. CABUGNASON, CELINA L. CANCERAN, CHARMANE ANGELA A. CASUBUAN, PRINCESS KATHERINE D. CRUZ, LESTER JOSEPH C. DIGA, NOEMIE MARIE G.
ROLES OF EMERGENCY NURSE Care provider: provides comprehensive direct care to the patient and family. Educator: provides patient and family with education based on their learning needs and the severity of the situation and allows the patient to assume more responsibility for meeting health care needs Manager: coordinates activities of others in the multidisciplinary team to achieve the specific goal of providing emergency care Advocate: ensures protection of the patient·s rights
Principles of Emergency Care
By definition, emergency care is care that must be rendered without delay. In an ED, several patients with diverse health problems³some life-threatening, some not³may present to the ED simultaneously. One of the first principles of emergency care is triage.
Triage The word triage comes from the French word trier, meaning ´to sort.µ In the daily routine of the ED, triage is used to sort patients into groups based on the severity of their health problems and the immediacy with which these problems must be treated. EDs use various triage systems with differing terminology, but all share this characteristic of a hierarchy based on the potential for loss of life. A basic and widely used triage system that has been in use for many years has three categories: emergent, urgent, and nonurgent (Berner, 2005). Emergent patients have the highest priority³their conditions are life-threatening and they must be seen immediately. Urgent patients have serious health problems but not immediately life-threatening ones; they must be seen within 1 hour. Non-urgent patients have episodic illnesses that can be addressed within 24 hours without increased morbidity (Berner, 2005). A
fourth class that is increasingly used is ´fast-track.µ These patients require simple first aid or basic primary care and may be treated in the ED or safely referred to a clinic or physician's office.
Functions of the Emergency Nurse
1. Uses triage to determine priorities based on assessment and anticipation of the patient·s needs 2. Provides direct measures to resuscitate, if necessary 3. Provides preliminary care before the patient is transferred to the primary care area 4. Provides health education to the patient and family 5. Supervises patient care and ancillary personnel 6. Provides support and protection for the patient and family
Emergency Nursing is a nursing specialty in which nurses care for patients in the emergency or critical phase of their illness or injury. While this is common to many nursing specialties, the key difference is that an emergency nurse is skilled at dealing with people in the phase when a diagnosis has not yet been made and the cause of the problem is not known
Certified Emergency Nurse A licensed, Registered Nurse, who has demonstrated expertise in emergency nursing by passing a computer-administered examination given by the Board of Certification for Emergency Nursing (BCEN). The BCEN is a division of the Emergency Nurses' Association (ENA). The certification is valid for four years, and can be renewed either by passing another examination or by completing 100 continuing education units (CEUs) in the specialty. There is also an online "open book exam" renewal option. There are many study/preparation options prior to taking the exam. Some options are published review guides or workbooks, live review seminars and classes, and online
practice/sample exams. The BCEN recommends (but does not require) the exam candidate to have at least two years' experience in the practice of emergency nursing.
Emergency Nurse Practitioner (ENP) A specialist nurse who will independently assess, diagnose, investigate, and treat a wide range of common accidents and injuries working autonomously without reference to medical staff. They primarily treat a wide range of musculoskeletal problems, skin problems and minor illness; many are considered experts in wound management. They are trained in advanced nursing skills which though medical in nature - such as taking a full medical history and examination, x-ray interpretation, prescribing, suturing, & plastering, also encompass a holistic assessment of the patients needs, taking into account the need for health teaching and education, Continuing care within the family and ongoing health support in the community. Under the National Health Service grading system, ENPs are typically graded 'F' or Band 7.
Emergency Nurse Practitioner (ENP) An advanced practice nurse who assess, diagnoses, and treats a variety of common illnesses, injuries and disease processes in emergency care settings. An additional focus of the ENP is preventing future illness and injury through patient and family education and public health advocacy. ENPs are trained in advanced nursing and medical skills such as x-ray interpretation, ophthalmic slit lamp examination, suturing, local and regional anaesthesia, abscess incision and drainage, advanced airway techniques, fracture reduction, and casting and splinting.
Emergency Care Practitioner A specialist nurse or specialist paramedic is one who works in the pre-hospital setting dealing with a wide range of medical or emergency problems. Their primary function is to assess, diagnose and treat a patient in the home in an emergency setting. This is a new profession that has developed as a result of political changes in the United Kingdom which has resulted in doctors (general practitioners) opting out of "out of hours" medical care in many areas. This role is now being fulfilled by ECP's in many areas - and has been shown to reduce emergency admissions to hospital.
Additional Emergency Nursing Training and Qualifications
y y y y y y y y
ATNC - Advanced Trauma Nursing Course ACLS - Advanced Cardiac Life Support ATLS - Advanced Trauma Life Support ENPC - Emergency Nursing Pediatric Course MICN - Mobile Intensive Care Nurse PALS - Pediatric Advanced Life Support PHEC - Pre-Hospital Emergency Care TNCC - Trauma Nursing Core Course
EMERGENCY DRUGS Nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin is a medication used to treat sudden onset of chest pain, also known as angina. During angina, inadequate amounts of oxygen and blood reach the heart. Death of heart tissues may occur if this is prolonged enough, which then becomes a heart attack. The National Library of Medicine says that nitroglycerin relaxes the smooth muscle in blood vessels to allow more blood to flow to the heart. Nitroglycerin's side effects include a headache, intermittent lightheadedness, fainting and low blood pressure. Nitroglycerin should not be taken with such phosphodiesterase medications such as sildenafil as the combination can cause blood pressure to plummet. Nitroglycerin is available as an ointment, spray or patch that must be taken as physicians indicate.
Epinephrine Epinephrine is used to treat potentially life-threatening allergic responses to foods, insects, late and medications, says MedlinePlus. Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic medication that relaxes airway muscles to allow for breathing and constricts blood vessels. Epinephrine's side effects include vomiting, sweating, a headache, pale skin, weakness and nervousness. Dizziness, tremors, stomach problems, vomiting and sweating are epinephrine's other side effects. Epinephrine's serious effects include
trouble breathing and a fast or irregular heartbeat, says MedlinePlus. Epinephrine is available as an injection pen that is already filled with a set amount of epiphrine. Typically, this is rapidly injected into the thigh during an anaphylactic reaction. Manifestations of an anaphylactic reaction include difficulty breathing, hives, itching, stomach cramps and swelling up of the throat.
Antivenin Antivenin is an antidote medication for the poisonous bite of the North American coral snake, according to Drugs.com. It belongs to the classification of medicines called immunizing agents. Antivenin's side effects include hives, trouble swallowing or breathing, itching of the feet or hands, skin redness, tiredness, weakness and swelling of the face, nose or eyes. Antivenin can also cause a fever, swollen glands and joint problems, says Drugs.com. Antivenin is given as an injection and its dose depends on the medication strength and severity of the snake bite.
SUBMITTED BY: GROUP9 B
BARRETTO, ILYNH GRACE D. CABUGNASON, CELINA L. CANCERAN, CHARMANE ANGELA A. CASUBUAN, PRINCESS KATHERINE D. CRUZ, LESTER JOSEPH C. DIGA, NOEMIE MARIE G.
ROLES OF EMERGENCY NURSE Care provider: provides comprehensive direct care to the patient and family. Educator: provides patient and family with education based on their learning needs and the severity of the situation and allows the patient to assume more responsibility for meeting health care needs Manager: coordinates activities of others in the multidisciplinary team to achieve the specific goal of providing emergency care Advocate: ensures protection of the patient·s rights
Principles of Emergency Care
By definition, emergency care is care that must be rendered without delay. In an ED, several patients with diverse health problems³some life-threatening, some not³may present to the ED simultaneously. One of the first principles of emergency care is triage.
Triage The word triage comes from the French word trier, meaning ´to sort.µ In the daily routine of the ED, triage is used to sort patients into groups based on the severity of their health problems and the immediacy with which these problems must be treated. EDs use various triage systems with differing terminology, but all share this characteristic of a hierarchy based on the potential for loss of life. A basic and widely used triage system that has been in use for many years has three categories: emergent, urgent, and nonurgent (Berner, 2005). Emergent patients have the highest priority³their conditions are life-threatening and they must be seen immediately. Urgent patients have serious health problems but not immediately life-threatening ones; they must be seen within 1 hour. Non-urgent patients have episodic illnesses that can be addressed within 24 hours without increased morbidity (Berner, 2005). A
fourth class that is increasingly used is ´fast-track.µ These patients require simple first aid or basic primary care and may be treated in the ED or safely referred to a clinic or physician's office.
Functions of the Emergency Nurse
1. Uses triage to determine priorities based on assessment and anticipation of the patient·s needs 2. Provides direct measures to resuscitate, if necessary 3. Provides preliminary care before the patient is transferred to the primary care area 4. Provides health education to the patient and family 5. Supervises patient care and ancillary personnel 6. Provides support and protection for the patient and family
Emergency Nursing is a nursing specialty in which nurses care for patients in the emergency or critical phase of their illness or injury. While this is common to many nursing specialties, the key difference is that an emergency nurse is skilled at dealing with people in the phase when a diagnosis has not yet been made and the cause of the problem is not known
Certified Emergency Nurse A licensed, Registered Nurse, who has demonstrated expertise in emergency nursing by passing a computer-administered examination given by the Board of Certification for Emergency Nursing (BCEN). The BCEN is a division of the Emergency Nurses' Association (ENA). The certification is valid for four years, and can be renewed either by passing another examination or by completing 100 continuing education units (CEUs) in the specialty. There is also an online "open book exam" renewal option. There are many study/preparation options prior to taking the exam. Some options are published review guides or workbooks, live review seminars and classes, and online
practice/sample exams. The BCEN recommends (but does not require) the exam candidate to have at least two years' experience in the practice of emergency nursing.
Emergency Nurse Practitioner (ENP) A specialist nurse who will independently assess, diagnose, investigate, and treat a wide range of common accidents and injuries working autonomously without reference to medical staff. They primarily treat a wide range of musculoskeletal problems, skin problems and minor illness; many are considered experts in wound management. They are trained in advanced nursing skills which though medical in nature - such as taking a full medical history and examination, x-ray interpretation, prescribing, suturing, & plastering, also encompass a holistic assessment of the patients needs, taking into account the need for health teaching and education, Continuing care within the family and ongoing health support in the community. Under the National Health Service grading system, ENPs are typically graded 'F' or Band 7.
Emergency Nurse Practitioner (ENP) An advanced practice nurse who assess, diagnoses, and treats a variety of common illnesses, injuries and disease processes in emergency care settings. An additional focus of the ENP is preventing future illness and injury through patient and family education and public health advocacy. ENPs are trained in advanced nursing and medical skills such as x-ray interpretation, ophthalmic slit lamp examination, suturing, local and regional anaesthesia, abscess incision and drainage, advanced airway techniques, fracture reduction, and casting and splinting.
Emergency Care Practitioner A specialist nurse or specialist paramedic is one who works in the pre-hospital setting dealing with a wide range of medical or emergency problems. Their primary function is to assess, diagnose and treat a patient in the home in an emergency setting. This is a new profession that has developed as a result of political changes in the United Kingdom which has resulted in doctors (general practitioners) opting out of "out of hours" medical care in many areas. This role is now being fulfilled by ECP's in many areas - and has been shown to reduce emergency admissions to hospital.
Additional Emergency Nursing Training and Qualifications
y y y y y y y y
ATNC - Advanced Trauma Nursing Course ACLS - Advanced Cardiac Life Support ATLS - Advanced Trauma Life Support ENPC - Emergency Nursing Pediatric Course MICN - Mobile Intensive Care Nurse PALS - Pediatric Advanced Life Support PHEC - Pre-Hospital Emergency Care TNCC - Trauma Nursing Core Course
EMERGENCY DRUGS Nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin is a medication used to treat sudden onset of chest pain, also known as angina. During angina, inadequate amounts of oxygen and blood reach the heart. Death of heart tissues may occur if this is prolonged enough, which then becomes a heart attack. The National Library of Medicine says that nitroglycerin relaxes the smooth muscle in blood vessels to allow more blood to flow to the heart. Nitroglycerin's side effects include a headache, intermittent lightheadedness, fainting and low blood pressure. Nitroglycerin should not be taken with such phosphodiesterase medications such as sildenafil as the combination can cause blood pressure to plummet. Nitroglycerin is available as an ointment, spray or patch that must be taken as physicians indicate.
Epinephrine Epinephrine is used to treat potentially life-threatening allergic responses to foods, insects, late and medications, says MedlinePlus. Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic medication that relaxes airway muscles to allow for breathing and constricts blood vessels. Epinephrine's side effects include vomiting, sweating, a headache, pale skin, weakness and nervousness. Dizziness, tremors, stomach problems, vomiting and sweating are epinephrine's other side effects. Epinephrine's serious effects include
trouble breathing and a fast or irregular heartbeat, says MedlinePlus. Epinephrine is available as an injection pen that is already filled with a set amount of epiphrine. Typically, this is rapidly injected into the thigh during an anaphylactic reaction. Manifestations of an anaphylactic reaction include difficulty breathing, hives, itching, stomach cramps and swelling up of the throat.
Antivenin Antivenin is an antidote medication for the poisonous bite of the North American coral snake, according to Drugs.com. It belongs to the classification of medicines called immunizing agents. Antivenin's side effects include hives, trouble swallowing or breathing, itching of the feet or hands, skin redness, tiredness, weakness and swelling of the face, nose or eyes. Antivenin can also cause a fever, swollen glands and joint problems, says Drugs.com. Antivenin is given as an injection and its dose depends on the medication strength and severity of the snake bite.
