EMERGENCY+RESPONSE+PROCEDURES

EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
PROCEDURES

ALLAN NORMAN F. BIRION, EMT-B
LECTURER

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

FIRE EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

BEFORE
2.
Identify and report fire hazards and unsafe
work practices.
3.
Unplug all electrical equipment when not in
operation, unless necessary.
4.
Maintain office sanitation and proper
housekeeping
5.
Familiarize and keep emergency exits marked,
lighted and free from any obstruction.
6.
Familiarize location of fire alarm, fire
extinguishers and other fire fighting
equipment.

6. Enforce “No Smoking” policy and report
violators.
7. Welding work should have work permit and
fire extinguishers at hand for the duration.

l
2.

3.

DURING
After the first sign of fire, make every attempt to
put it off. The first three (3) minutes is critical as it
is still containable with fire extinguishers.
Thereafter, the nearest fire alarm should be
sounded
If evacuation is ordered, stay calm. Don’t panic.
Follow your Floor Marshal and his assistant
toward the emergency exit opposite of the fire
location, in an orderly fashion.

DURING
3. If your life is not threatened, make every
effort to search your work area to see any
possible straggler and lead them to the exit
stairwells downs to the ground floor.
4. Do not use the elevator during evacuation.
l

H
2.

3.

4.

AFTER
Check yourself for any bodily injury and
immediately report for first aid treatment.
Report to your Floor Marshal for physical
accounting at the designated assembly area.
Report your colleague who is probably missing.

July 16, 1990
Northern Luzon
Magnitude 7.7
1,666 dead
3,500 injured
P11 B property damage
P1.2 B agricultural damage

OFFICE OF CIVILDFENSE

Causes of Earthquakes
          Earthquakes occur from the deformation of outer, brittle portions of 
"tectonic  plates",  the  earth's  outermost  layer  of  crust  and  upper  mantle. 
Due  to  the  heating  and  cooling  of  the  rock  below  these  plates,  the 
resulting convection causes the adjacently overlying plates to move, and, 
under  great  stresses,  deform.  The  rates  of  plate  movements  range  from 
about  2  to  12  centimeters  per  year.  Sometimes,  tremendous  energy  can 
build  up  within  a  single,  or  between  neighboring  plates.  If  the 
accumulated  stress  exceeds  the  strength  of  the  rocks  making  up  these 
brittle  zones,  the  rocks  can  break  suddenly,  releasing  the  stored  energy 
as  an  earthquake.  An  earthquake  begins  when  the  plates  push  against 
earth  other  and  the  pressure  builds.  Cracks  start  to  appear  in  walls  and 
roads.  The  ground  may  shiver  (tremor).  Where  the  rocks  snap  seismic 
waves  (body  waves)  make  the  ground  move.  The  first  ones  (  primary  ) 
travel through rock, volcanic lava, water and even air. 

There are three main plate tectonic environments: extensional, 
transform,  and  compressional.  Plate  boundaries  in  different 
localities  are  subject  to  different  inter-plate  stresses, 
producing these three types of earthquakes. Each type has its 
own special hazards. 

What to
do?
l BEFORE
l DURING
l AFTER
an EARTHQUAKE
School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

l

Determine if site is along
an active fault or prone to
liquefaction or landslides
l

If you need help, consult
PHIVOLCS

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

What to do Before (2)
• Make sure that proper
structural design and
engineering practice is
followed when
constructing a building
or house

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

¨

Check the integrity
of your building; (!)
Secure structural
plan of the building
 Identify structural
elements;
 Determine condition
of each structural
element;


School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

¬

Familiarize
yourself with
places you
frequent
¬

Know exit areas

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

What to do Before (5)


Identify safe spots :
 Under

a sturdy
desk or table
 In a strong
supported
doorway
 In an inside corner
of the room

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

What to do Before (6)


Identify danger zones
- Windows and glass
- Book shelves,
machinery, cabinets
and furniture that may
topple or slide
- Hanging objects

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

L

Prepare place of work/residence
for the event


Secure all hanging and heavy objects
Store breakable items, harmful
chemicals, flammable materials in
lowermost shelves and secure.
Keep heavy materials in lower shelves.
Turn off gas tanks when not in use.






School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

•



Prepare
Earthquake Plan
Earthquake Survival Kit

v
l
t
r
r
i

a

First Aid Kit with Water
Purification Tablets
AM/FM Radio
Water & High-energy
Food
Tools & Ropes
Candles & Flashlights
Blankets
Tissue Paper & Waste
Bags
Pencil and Paper

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

What to Do During (1)

Inside a structurally sound building

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

What to Do During (2)

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

ˆ

ˆ

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

Go to
safe
spots
Protect
your
head
from
falling
debris

If outside, move to an open area.
Get away from power lines,
posts, walls, other structures
that may fall or collapse.

Stay away from buildings
with glass panes.
School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

When driving a vehicle, pull to the side of
the road and stop.

Do not attempt to cross bridges or overpasses
which may have been damaged.
School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

If along the shore and you feel an earthquake strong
enough to make standing difficult, it is best to assume
that a tsunami has been triggered.

Run away from the
shore toward higher
ground

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

What to do After (1)
i

G

.

Take emergency kit
Get out calmly in an
orderly manner. Go to
an open area.
Use the stairs. Do not
use the elevator.
Check for and attend
to injuries

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

Check Surrounding
g
e

d

v

Check for fire and if any,
have it controlled.
Clean up chemical spills,
toxic and flammable
materials to avoid any
chain of unwanted events.
Check water, gas and
electrical lines for defects.
If any damage is
suspected, turn the system
off in the main valve or
switch.
Use flashlights; never light
a match.

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

Help reduce number of
casualties
e

.

.
r

Don’t enter partially
damaged building, strong
aftershocks may cause
further collapse.
Gather information and
disaster prevention
instruction from battery
-operated radios.
Obey public safety
precautions/instructions.
Limit telephone calls.

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

Document observation
t

s
s

Damaged parts of
building
Damaged utilities
Fires
School record/security
logbook

School Awareness on Emergency Management, July 15, 2004, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City

V-Shape

Pancake
Cantilever
Lean To

ð
2.
3.
4.
5.

BEFORE
Maintain good housekeeping.
Familiarize everything that normally belong in
your work area as to those that do not.
Accost unescorted personnel wandering in your
work area without legitimate purpose.
Considered abandoned packages as suspect.
Notify security immediately. Never touch or
move suspected items. Let the experts handle it.

Œ
2.

3.

4.

WHEN A THREAT CALL IS RECEIVED
Take mental note of the exact “threat”, the voice
and accent of the suspect and the noise in the
background.
Prolong the conversation by calmly talking to the
suspect at to “where the bomb is situated, how
many minutes are left before it goes off, what is
the motive for such threat”, etc.
Immediately report to the Security Officer.

4. When a search is ordered, see what belongs to
your area and otherwise.
5. During the search, security shall give special
attention to the comfort rooms and emergency
stairwells as probable hiding place of
explosives.

P
2.

3.
4.
5.

WHEN EVACUATION IS ORDERED
Follow your Floor and Assistant Floor
Marshals toward the fore exit. Stay calm and
do not panic. Remember that excitement can
cause confusion and may aggravate the
situation.
Take the fire exit opposite to where the
suspected bomb is situated.
Proceed straight to the designated area for
accounting and consolidation.
Check self for any injury that necessitates first
aid treatment.

p

If there’s explosion:
HOTZONE
1.Be calm and don’t panic.
2. Evacuate to the safest area. Around 300
meters away from the explosion site.
3. Seek assistance (call for help) e.g. Police,
Bomb disposal unit, fire department, EMS,
Rescue etc.

4. Don’t drag or pull severely wounded
victims to avoid further injuries.
5. Let the rescuers do the job of extricating the
victims.
6. If you are profusely bleeding but can move
your hands, try to stop the bleeding by
applying direct pressure to the wound to
prevent further blood loss.

7. Remember your first aid.
8. Don’t use any electronic device such as
cellular phones, pagers or handheld radios
etc. for they can trigger or activate
secondary explosions.

COLD ZONE
1. Do not enter the 300 meters
barrier.
2. Follow the orders of the
security personnel.
3. If you are a first aider/MD/RN,
look for the medical officer in
charge on site, make the proper
introduction and offer additional
help if needed.

BOMB/CHEMICAL/BIOCHEMICAL AGENTS

Before the attack:
¨






f

Do not touch, cover or move the device
Isolate the area
Attempt to move upwind
Make proper notification

After dissemination:



Stay upwind of the attack site
Make proper notification

SPECIFIC FEATURES
S

MAIL BOMB

l

. At least 1/4 inch thick
n

. Bulkier than normal letters

o

. Rigid, uneven appearance

a

. Protruding wires or aluminum foil

e

. Springiness

•
•

 Stains or strange
odors
 Excessive weight

Foreign mail
Excessive
postage

CHEMICAL/ BIOLOGICAL WEAPON on MAIL
G

. Excessive use of tape on envelope

o

.Packages that are leaking any substance

r

.Substance felt through or appearing on the package

P
d

Confirm return address
Confirm delivery from special courier

The 4 Don’ts
Don’t
become a
victim

Don’t rush in

The 4
Don’ts
Don’t Taste,
Eat, Smell,
Touch

Don’t assume
anything

Effects of explosions

Don’t touch, move or disturb any
suspicious package, bag, etc.
left unattended

Intended Victim:
Did She Open The
Package Bomb?

The Unintended
Victim opened
the package. Note
blast and thermal
effects on body.

Be SAFE
• Safety is first
• Assess before acting
• Focus on avoiding the hazard
• Evaluate the situation and
report

What is ICS?
Incident Command System is the model tool for
command, control and coordination of a
response & provides a means to coordinate the
efforts of individual agencies as they work
toward the common goal of stabilizing the
incident & protecting life, property, & the
environment.

r

Establishment of Incident Command Post (ICP)
with various emergency Services at the Site
The ICP shall be established at the site of the
incident & shall be under the control of the 1st
official to respond & arrive thereat. The first
responders to emergencies are people near the
affected community & neighboring barangays.

l

The Incident Commander (IC)
shall initiate the proper
mobilization of the various
responders who are operating in
the area.
The IC shall be directly in
command & control of various
emergency services.

When is ICS is USED?

ICS has been proven effective for responding to all
types of incidents, including:

Hazardous materials (hazmat incidents);

PLANNED EVENTS (e.g. Celebrations, parades, concerts, official visit,
etc.)
Response to natural hazards;
Single & multi-agency, law enforcement incidents;
Lack of comprehensive resource mngt. Strategy;
Fires;
 Incidents involving multiple casualties;
 Multi jurisdictional & multi-agency incidents
 Air, water, rail, or ground transportation accidents;
 Wide area search & rescue missions;
 Pest eradication programs; and
 Private sector emergency mngt. programs

INCIDENT COMMANDER
OPERATION OFFICER
MEDIA OFFICER
LIASON OFFICER

PLANNING

SAR

OPERATION

FIRE

LOGISTICS

FINANCE & ADMIN

MEDICAL EVACUATION & RELIEF

DANA

•

&
o
n
n

Performing command activities, such as establishing command &
establishing the ICP;
Protecting life & property;
Controlling personnel & equipment resources;
Maintaining accountability for responder & public safety, as well as or task
accomplishment and;
Establishing & maintaining an effective liaison w/ outside agencies &
organizations, including the EOC, when it is activated;
Will be the senior-first responder to arrive at the scene. As additional
responders arrive, command will transfer on the basis of who has the
primary authority for over-all control of the incident. As the incident grow
in size or become more complex, the responsible person who has the
jurisdiction in the area or agency may assign a more highly qualified
Incident Commander. After transfer of command, the outgoing Incident
Commander must give the incoming Incident Commander a full briefing &
notify all staff of the change in command.

è

b

Assertive, decisive, objective, calm & a quick
thinker;
Adaptable, flexible, & realistic about his/her
limitations;
Have the capability to delegate positions
appropriate as needed for an incident.

l

c

For rapid/slow onset natural disaster, the IC will be the local Chief Executive
(LCE) or duly designated officials depending on geographic
location/jurisdiction.
In rapid onset natural disasters like earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption,
landside & flashflood:
 Two or more affected barangay: Mayor
 Two or more affected municipalities: Governor

For human-made/technological disaster, the team leader of first responders
arrives first on the scene will be the Incident Commander.
Transfer of command will be triggered when there’s a threat to life,
environmental & properties:
Chemical/Hazmat: BFP (IN LAND) & PCG
Combination of bombing & Hazmat: PNP
Biological Epidemics: Dept. of Health
Bombing/Explosion: PNP
Radiological: Phil. Nuclear Research Institute
Conflagration: BFP

1.
2.

3.

INCIDENT COMMAND POST
ONE OR MORE STAGING
AREAS
BASE

BASE- the location at which primary logistics functions for
an incident are coordinated & administered. There is
only one base per incident. (Incident name or other
designator will be added to the term Base). The ICP
may be located with the base.
INCIDENT COMMAND POST- the location at which the
primary command function take place or executed. The
incident commander is located at the Incident
Command Post.
STAGING AREA - are location set-up at an incident where
resources can be placed while awaiting a tactical
assignment. Staging areas are manage by the Operation
Section.

1.

Casualty Collection

3.

Triage Centers

3. Helibase