ESL Lesson9

architecture

(arki-tekč*r/ /town/ /vilidž*/ /stri:t/ /skver*/ /of-fis/ /ka-fe/ /bey-k*-ri/ /myu-si-*em/ /sen-t*r/ /lay-br*-ri/ /ci-ti-ho:l/

Vocabulary:
architecture (I) →

the town, the village the street, the square the office, the city-hall the coffee-shop the bakery the museum the library, the conference hall the hospital the A&E department the lab the school the college the university the playground the sports field the stadium, the temple, the church the statue, the monument, the fountain, the civic building the public toilets the shop the supermarket the commercial centre the police-station the pub the restaurant, the plot of land the park the bench

/hos-pi-t*l/ (ey end i: dipartm*nt/ /lab/ /sku:l/ /koledž*/ /yu-ni-v*r-si-ti/ /pley-gaund/ /spo:rts fi:ld/ /ste-di-*m/ /temp*l/ /čörč/ /sta-tyu/ /monyum*nt/ /fown-t*n/ /sivik bi:lding/ /p*blic toylets/ /šop/ /supermarket/ /šop-ping / /p*b/ /polis-steyš*n/ /res-tr*nt/ /plot-of-land/ /benč/ /park/

the flower-bed

the tourist office,

/flau-*r-bed/ /fayr stešen/ /mar-ket/ /harb*r/ /thi-ey-t*r/ /s*-b*rbz/ /si-ne-ma/

/turist-of-fis/ /kon-s*rt holl/

Vocabulary:
architecture II

the fire-station the venue the market the harbour the theatre the cinema, the suburbs a terraced house a block of flats an advert a newsagent a chemist an exhibition a field a castle a tower a barrack a factory a firm the dwellings the wall the roof the column the door the gate the window the hotel the room a business park

/blok of flats/

/terras*d hows/

/ad-v*r-tay-sing/ /kemist/ /ek-si-bi-š*n/ /fi:ld/ /kas*l/ /tow*r/ /barraks/ /fak-tri/ /förm/ s /dwel-lingz/ /wo:ll/ /ru:f/ /co-l*m-n/ /do:r/ /uin-dow/ /geyt*/ /ru:m/ /ho:tel/ /biz-nes park/

/nyuz-eyd-ž*ents/

A bookseller A shop-keeper

/buk-sel-l*r/ / šop-ki:-per/ /pyup*l/ /politišen/ /kler-dži-man/ /op-ti-š*n/ /po-lis/

Vocabulary:
occupations

A pupil

A politician A clergy(wo)man An optician The police

The fireman, the fire-woman The postman, the post-woman The locksmith The employee The athlete The florist The lawyer The emergency services The architect The carpenter The repairman/the repair-woman

/fayir-man/ / /po:st-man/ /lok-smith/ /seilz-man/ /em-ploy-i:/ a-thlit/ /ri-per-man/ /flo-rist/ /lo-yer/ /i-merdž*nci s*vises/ //ar-ki-tekt/ /kar-pen-t*r/

The window-cleaner The taxi-driver The caretaker The plumber The builder The roofer The gardener The homeless person The musician The welder The metal-worker The librarian, The barber/the hairdresser The foreman, the forewoman The pedestrian The electrician The camera-man, camera-woman

/uin-dou-kli:-n*r/ /tak-si-dray-v*r/ /šop-as-sis-t*ent/ /po:r-t*r/ /uei-t*r/ /kam-ra-man/ /pl*-m*r/ /bilder/ /e-lek-tri-š*n/ /ru:-f*r/ /gar-d*ner/ /hom*less p*rs*n/ /myu-zišen/ /pedestri*n/ /uel-der/ /met*l uörker/ /fo:rman/ /lay-br*ri*n/ /barber/ herdresser/

the cashier the box-office

/ca-ši:r/ /boks of-fis/ /ke-mist/ /n*rs/ /dok-t*r/ /den-tist/ /pey-š*nt/ /ku:k/ /a-sis-t*nt/ /klark/ /fo-to-gra-f*r/ /e-di-t*r/ /fi-šer-man/ /co:st-gard/ /dok-ker/ /cap-t*n/ /so:l-di-y*r/ /s*r-ve-yer/ /j*dž/ /pay-l*t/ /ti:m/ /ho:m-w*r-k*r/ /krafts-man/ /fa:rmer/ /di-sai-n*r/ /web-mas-t*r/ /krowd/ /strike/ /marč/ /penšener/ /tay-pist/

Vocabulary:
occupations

the chemist the nurse the doctor the dentist the patient the cook

the assistant the clerk the photographer the editor the typist the fisherman/the fisher-woman the coast-guard the docker the captain the soldier the judge the pilot the team the home-worker the craftsman, the craftswoman the farmer the designer the webmaster/the webmistress the crowd the strike the surveyor

the parade the march the pensioner

/pareyd*/

Grammar sheet: the hyphen
the use of the hyphen in the English language Hyphens in compound words http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/ Compound nouns the most important thing to note is that you should choose one style and stick to it within a piece of writing. Don’t refer to a playgroup in one paragraph and a play-group in another. Hyphens are used in many compound words to show that the component words have a combined meaning (e.g. a pick-me-up, mother-in-law, good-hearted) or that there is a relationship between the words that make up the compound: for example, rock-forming minerals are minerals that form rocks. But you don’t need to use them in every type of compound word. * Numbers: (twenty-one), (twenty-eight) (anti-Semitism), (pre-cook), (quasi-legal) * Words formed with prefixes: (anti-fascist), * Words or phrases formed by two words that don't have the same status: (Spanishspeaking), (well-meaning), (self-respect) Finally, it is common in English to combine two words and hyphenate them to form a compound modifier, especially when preceding a noun. * well-informed citizenry * sub-zero temperatures * good-natured person * man-eating tiger * high-intelligence individuals

-

The use of hyphens with compound adjectives formed from the adverb well and a participle (e.g. well-known), or from a phrase (e.g. up-to-date), you should use a hyphen when the compound comes before the noun: 'well-known brands of coffee' 'an up-to-date account' but not when the compound comes after the noun: 'His music was also well known in England.' 'Their figures are up to date.' It is important to use hyphens in compound adjectives describing ages and lengths of time: leaving them out can make the meaning ambiguous. For example, '250-year-old trees' clearly refers to trees that are 250 years old, while '250 year old trees' could equally refer to250 trees that are all one year old. Compound verbs Use a hyphen when a compound formed from two nouns is made into a verb, for example: Noun → verb : an ice skate → to ice-skate a booby trap → to booby-trap a spot check → to spot-check a court martial → to court-martial realways use a hyphen if "re-" at the beginning of a verb means "again" Use a hyphen to avoid confusion with another word: for example, to distinguish re-cover (= to cover again/to put a new cover) from recover (= get well, nothing to do with the verb "cover").lists Hyphens are also used to stand for a common second element in all but the last word of a list, e.g.: 'You may see a yield that is two-, three-, or fourfold.'

* Chinese-U.S. relations * the Madrid-to-Paris flight * Spanish-Arabic literatureHe proposes that the three socio-political principles be included in the constitution.) * The petals are greenish-white.) Hyphens can also be used to join two dates, the war of 1808-1814. Compound adjectives Compound adjectives are made up of a noun + an adjective, a noun + a participle/gerund, or an adjective + a participle/gerund. Many compound adjectives should be hyphenated. Here are some examples: accident-prone, computer-aided, good-looking A good dictionary will tell you how you should write each compound noun.

GRAMMAR SHEET : 'shops and addresses
where do you shop? http://www.linguism.co.uk/ In Britain the answer might be at ASDA, Tesco, Waitrose, Sainsbury’s, Morrison’s, Marks & Spencer’s, Debenham’s, the genitive to a family name (i.e. ‘Mr Sainsbury’s shop, is not originally a person’s name, so “at ASDA” (an Harrod’s …The ‘regular’ treatment of shop names is to add Mr Morrison’s shop’ etc.), but not to a company name that acronym from “Associated Dairies”) In the same way, the name of shop that belongs to a person described in a

A bookshop (a shop that sells books) A toy-shop (a shop that sells toys) the record → A record shop (a shop that sells records) the shop →

profession is also a variation of the above.I went to the the dentist's (surgery) , I went to the grocer's (shop).

architect's (--> I went to the architect's office) , I went to

→ a record-shop →

street names: this works in the same way as with "shop". Don't a name and the word before that acts like an adjective and needs to be capitalized too. DKav, 221b Baker Street, Belfast surname House number, street name Town postcode Name of country. Find a town map and write a (fictitious) address

some of the these words entered the dictionary (bookshop) other did not. The ones that are in the dictionary usually are words "toy-" and "record-" play the role of adjectives. without (-) such as "bookshop". In this case,

forget to capitalize "Street" "Square" because it is

Mr = Mister, Ms = Miss or Mrs + first name +

Grammar Sheet :
compound words

compound words
An object that opens tins is called a 'tin-opener' – Such a word made of juxtaposed two nouns is called a 'compound word'. Can you think of other compound words? http://www.learnenglish.de/ A compound noun is a noun that is made up of two or more words. Most compound nouns in English are formed by nouns modified by other nouns or adjectives. For example: The words 'tooth' and 'paste' are each nouns in their own right, but if you join them together they form a new word – 'toothpaste'. The word 'black' is an adjective and 'board' is a noun, but if you join them together they form a new word – 'blackboard'. In both these example the first word modifies or describes the second word, telling us what kind of object or person it is, or what its purpose is. And the second part identifies the object or person in question. 1. Sometimes the two words are joined together. Example: tooth + paste = toothpaste | bed + room = bedroom 2. Sometimes they are joined using a hyphen. Example: check-in 3. Sometimes they appear as two separate words. Example: full moon Most compound words are mundane and self-explanatory (a 'dish-washer' is a machine that washes the dishes, a wine-taster is a person who tastes wine.) Some of these compound nouns are in the dictionary, others are formed just for the occasion. In any case, we treat it like a noun.