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B.)Northern Europe retained same Renaissance ideas as Italy (the isms) but Christian overtones in order to bring bout social reform. -Society evil  reform. In order to do this, NEED EDUCATION TO TEACH VIRTUE: Bible + Classics. -Thus society is evil, humans fundamentally good, and has high potential (humanism). But can only be done through being a good Christian (Erasmus and his philosophy of Christ) -Highest potential=serving your state, sacrifice  Civic humanism Thomas More supports all ideas in Utopia. Everyone receive good education, society is corrupting so get rid of greed first, so everyone can work towards the greater good C.) Social and political follow economic progress Because of Economic progress, people were able to have higher standards of living, better dietary habits etc. Could pursue other things other than just work all the time, more leisure time, enjoys non-necessities. This led to flowering of intellectual ideas, the arts, a new way of mind (i.e. senses are important b/c they were enjoying more things and becoming materialistic) Social and political progress built off of economic progress For example, enable enterprising and capitalistic spirit too so rise of merchants  towns, good political organization. Living in towns improve social status for many, diversity  more acceptance Then kings could use merchants $ to centralize power i.e. Standing army in France A good economic foundation paved the way for urban life and culture D.) Mirandola  man is made in the likeness of god so man so should work to develop his full potential in order to become closer to god. Not just complacently doing work  strive to reach maximum potential  through education -humanism contributed to the educational system. emphasis on the classics, Greek and Latin works. Young boys educated in all fields including math, history, rhetoric, and the arts. Education was no longer confirmed to one specific trade but jack of all trade -new edu system led to a new type of individual. no longer confirmed to one specific trade. trained in all fields of study  well off, intellectuals value learning and art -humanism helped develop manners to act. The Courtier by Castiglione laid out the proper moral standards for a renaissance individual. Reform barbarian old medieval ways. Etiquette and how should act in society…their place, all greatly impact ind. role in society.

E. New monarchs wanted to reassert their supreme power, trying to unite all classes through recognition of monarchy…cant have nobles getting in the way, so curb their power by using more centralized decision making via royal councils, which were filled with mostly middle class. -Also taxed middle class for $$ which they used for their purposes of uniting i.e. security, army -Standing army in France used to stop nobles private warfare, scared nobles into submission -Star chamber in England specifically dealt with aristocratic threats. Used cruel methods for confessions, effectively reduced noble troublemaking Renaissance Art Individualism  sign name. Recognized their genius. Praiseworthy talent wanted recognition and celebration. Quest for fame and glory, Mostly religious with some famous people in background, started portrait painting (Individualism). Reflected wealth and patrons of the arts/love for material things Secular spirit  this life is important, so rendered them accurately, and extravagantly. Did this through lighting technique, 2 pt perspective. Humanism  Study anatomy, human figure Senses=highest good, so material things bring pleasure, and these things filled paintings… worldly things Medieval Art Christian humility serving purpose of God, no sig All religious subjects

Not realistic because objects were simply symbols or representations of bible characters, not important in and of themselves...so things unrealistic, flat

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