Forms of Electronic Communication
Content
Forms of Electronic Communication Video Conferencing
Video-conferencing is a system that allows people to have conversations and meetings with other people indifferent l ocations, but without leaving their office. A video-conference involves people sitting in front of a camera and a microphone, whilst watching other people of a screen and listening to them through loudspeakers.
Equipment needed:
Video camera Monitor Microphone Loudspeakers High-speed network / Internet connection
Phone Conferencing:
This is the linking li nking together of several people on a phone line so that they can have a collective conversation. It is possible to hold these conferences of voice over the internet protocol-VOIP [Voice over Internet Protocol] In order for a phone conversation to take place, at least three people must be involved-two people would need to b having a normal conversation-
Instant Messaging
Instant messaging lets people send instant messages (text-based conversation) to each other over a network, such as across the internet by means of the t he relevant instant messaging software application. Instant messaging may also be present on company intranets that allow em ployees to communicate with one another rather than email. Another common use of instant messaging are the customer support services that appear on some organisations' website. Typically this provides an 'instant chat' service with an online (human) assistant paid to help you. It is an interactive service, as people can reply immediately to others logged into the same system.
Faxing:
Facsimile transmission-FAX-, a fax machine is connected to a phone line. A document is scanned and then transmitted through phone lines to another fax machine that then prints it out. It requires the use of a modern and so the speed of the transmission tends to be slow. It is used when exact copies of originals are required, although the quality of the copy is sometimes not very good. Many organisations tend not to use fax machines as such but prefer to have ‘all-inone-printers’.
Electronic Faxing:
There are several systems that use the internet for faxing, instead of printing out a document and faxing it using a fax machines, the user ‘prints’ the document directly to fax software, which uses the modem or broadband to send the fax. The Receiver either receives it on their fax machines or uses the same type of software to convert it into a document for storage. Electronic faxing has the following advantages: It saves the time of going to the fax machine to retrieve or send faxes Equipment coasts are lower as there is no need for a fax machine. Running costs are lower as there is no need for a dedicated fax line. Confidential faxes are secure. On a manual fax, any worker might pick up a fax sent to someone else. It is not necessary to be in the office to receive faxes as they can be downloaded remotely.
Use of ICT in data management: Sequential File
A sequential file is organized such that each record in the file except the first has a unique predecessor record and each record except the last has a unique successor record. These predecessor-successor relationships are established by the order in which the records are written when the file is created. A file that is organized sequentially must be accessed sequentially. Variable- or Fixed-Length Sequential Files. Sequential files may be recorded in variable-length or fixed-length record form. If a file consists of variable-length records, each logical record is preceded by control information that indicates the size of the logical record. The control information is recorded when the logical record is written, based on the size of the internal record specified in the WRITE statement, and is subsequently used by the input- output control system to determine the location of successive logical records. If a file consists of fixed- length records, the record size is established at the time the file is opened and is the same for every logical record on the file. Therefore, there is no need to record any control information with the logical record
Indexed Sequential Files An indexed file, which must be allocated in the execution activity to two or more random mass storage files (one for the index, and one or more for the data), is organized such that each record is uniquely identified by the value of a key within the record. In the RECORD KEY phrase of the SELECT clause, the source program specifies one of the data items within one of the records associated with the file as the record key data item. Each attempt to access a record based on the record key item causes a search of the index file for a key that matches the current contents of the record key data item in the file record area. The matching index record in turn points to the location of t he associated data record.
Video-conferencing is a system that allows people to have conversations and meetings with other people indifferent l ocations, but without leaving their office. A video-conference involves people sitting in front of a camera and a microphone, whilst watching other people of a screen and listening to them through loudspeakers.
Equipment needed:
Video camera Monitor Microphone Loudspeakers High-speed network / Internet connection
Phone Conferencing:
This is the linking li nking together of several people on a phone line so that they can have a collective conversation. It is possible to hold these conferences of voice over the internet protocol-VOIP [Voice over Internet Protocol] In order for a phone conversation to take place, at least three people must be involved-two people would need to b having a normal conversation-
Instant Messaging
Instant messaging lets people send instant messages (text-based conversation) to each other over a network, such as across the internet by means of the t he relevant instant messaging software application. Instant messaging may also be present on company intranets that allow em ployees to communicate with one another rather than email. Another common use of instant messaging are the customer support services that appear on some organisations' website. Typically this provides an 'instant chat' service with an online (human) assistant paid to help you. It is an interactive service, as people can reply immediately to others logged into the same system.
Faxing:
Facsimile transmission-FAX-, a fax machine is connected to a phone line. A document is scanned and then transmitted through phone lines to another fax machine that then prints it out. It requires the use of a modern and so the speed of the transmission tends to be slow. It is used when exact copies of originals are required, although the quality of the copy is sometimes not very good. Many organisations tend not to use fax machines as such but prefer to have ‘all-inone-printers’.
Electronic Faxing:
There are several systems that use the internet for faxing, instead of printing out a document and faxing it using a fax machines, the user ‘prints’ the document directly to fax software, which uses the modem or broadband to send the fax. The Receiver either receives it on their fax machines or uses the same type of software to convert it into a document for storage. Electronic faxing has the following advantages: It saves the time of going to the fax machine to retrieve or send faxes Equipment coasts are lower as there is no need for a fax machine. Running costs are lower as there is no need for a dedicated fax line. Confidential faxes are secure. On a manual fax, any worker might pick up a fax sent to someone else. It is not necessary to be in the office to receive faxes as they can be downloaded remotely.
Use of ICT in data management: Sequential File
A sequential file is organized such that each record in the file except the first has a unique predecessor record and each record except the last has a unique successor record. These predecessor-successor relationships are established by the order in which the records are written when the file is created. A file that is organized sequentially must be accessed sequentially. Variable- or Fixed-Length Sequential Files. Sequential files may be recorded in variable-length or fixed-length record form. If a file consists of variable-length records, each logical record is preceded by control information that indicates the size of the logical record. The control information is recorded when the logical record is written, based on the size of the internal record specified in the WRITE statement, and is subsequently used by the input- output control system to determine the location of successive logical records. If a file consists of fixed- length records, the record size is established at the time the file is opened and is the same for every logical record on the file. Therefore, there is no need to record any control information with the logical record
Indexed Sequential Files An indexed file, which must be allocated in the execution activity to two or more random mass storage files (one for the index, and one or more for the data), is organized such that each record is uniquely identified by the value of a key within the record. In the RECORD KEY phrase of the SELECT clause, the source program specifies one of the data items within one of the records associated with the file as the record key data item. Each attempt to access a record based on the record key item causes a search of the index file for a key that matches the current contents of the record key data item in the file record area. The matching index record in turn points to the location of t he associated data record.
