Foundation Design
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Guide to Foundation Design | Column Footings | Civil Engineering Projects
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Foundation is the base of any structure. Without a solid foundation, the structure would not hold for
Understanding Load Calculations |
long. We have to be very cautious with the design of foundations because our entire structure rests on
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The strength of the foundation determines the life of the structure. As we discussed in the earlier
article, design of foundation depends on the type of soil, type of structure and its load. Higher the load
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bearing capacity of the soil, the larger the load it could safely carry.
Foundations are basically divided into Shallow Foundations and Deep Foundations.
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In this article, we are going discuss the step by step guide to Column Footing Design for a shallow
foundation.
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Reinforced Concrete Footings
Footing comprises of the lower end of a column, pillar or wall which i enlarged with projecting courses
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so as to distribute load.
Footings shall be designed to sustain the applied loads, moments and forces and the induced
reactions and to ensure that any settlement which may occur shall be as uniform as possible and the
safe bearing capacity of soil is not exceeded.
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In sloped or stepped footings, the effective cross-section in compression shall be limited by the area
above the neutral plane, and the angle of slope or depth and location of steps should be such that the
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Formwork
design requirements are satisfied at every section.
Design Procedure of Column Footings | Foundation Design
Here is a step-by-step guide to Column Footing Design:
Formwork
Challenges ? We
Have The Solutions !
Column Footing Plan and Section | Foundation Design
Step 1
Area required for footing
Square = B = (w+w1)/P0
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Where, Po = safe bearing capacity of soil
w1 = self weight of footing
w = self weight of footing
For Rectangle = b/d = B/D
A=bxd
Net upward pressure on the footing
q/p = W/A
Step 2
Bending Moment
Critical section for maximum bending moment is taken at the face of the column
For a square footing,
Mxx = q x B/8 (L – a)2
Mxx = q x L/8 (B – b)2
Myy = q x B/8 (L – a)2
Step 3
To fix the depth of the footing shall be greater of the following:
Depth from bending moment consideration
d = √(M/Qb)
where, Q = moment of required factor
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Depth from shear consideration
Check for one way shear
Check for two way shear or punching shear
Critical shear for one way shear is considered at a distance ‘d’ from face of the column.
Shear force, V = qB [ ½(B – b) d]
Nominal shear stress, Tv = k . Tc
Tc =
0.16√fck
Step 4
Check for two way shear
Critical section for two way shear is considered at a distance at a distance d/2 from all the faces of the
column.
SF, V = q [ B2 – (b + d)2]
SF, V = q [L x B – (a + d)(b + d)]
Nominal shear stress, Tv = V/2((a+d)(b+d)d) ——- {for a rectangle
Tv =
V/4((b+d)d)
Tv =
k . Tc
k = 0.5 + β > 1
Tc =
——- {for a square
; [Beta β = ratio of sides of the column
0.16√fck
Area of steel, Ast = M/((σ)stjd)
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Related posts:
1. Column Bases | Design of Steel Structures
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This entry was posted by BenzuJK on June 15, 2010, 12:01 am and is filed under Building Construction. You can
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columns, concrete, Design of Column footing, Footing, Foundation, Foundation Design, Guide, Guide to
Foundation Design, Importance of Foundation Design, RCC Footing Design, Steel
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COMMENTS (364)
RELATED POSTS
#1 by Mr.atiq on June 17, 2010 - 12:41 am
salam & hi,
can u explain me … that the proceture to calculate total load of single story building + how to determine the
area for (width of foundation , depth of foundation , thickness of block & number of off sets)…
atiq….
#2 by BenzuJK on June 17, 2010 - 3:05 am
Hi Atiq,
Foundation design is a complex process. It depends on the total load on a particular foundation as well as
the Safe Bearing Capacity of the soil.
For example, a single storey building foundation with hard soil, where total load on footing does not
exceed 300kN, a footing pit of 1M X 1M at a suitable depth upto hard strata would be sufficient. The pit
would have a 6″ layer of PCC. On top of that, you would place a mesh of steel consisting of 8 rods each of
10mm diameter on both sides. Then place the column steel frame on top of it and tie the column bars to
the steel mesh. Pour 6″ of concrete and let it harden. Then you can go for either tapered footing or block
footing. Total thickness of block should be 15″, including the 6″ you of RCC poured earlier. So, for a single
storey building whose load does not exceed 300 kN, and the soil strata is hard, the above given design
should be sufficient.
#3 by Asit Baran Saha on January 3, 2011 - 3:13 am
The concrete should be poured in one go.
#4 by bharat bhushan jindal on March 20, 2011 - 5:20 am
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If somebody don’t tie the column reinforcement to the mesh below then what will be the possible type of
failures.
#5 by BenzuJK on March 29, 2011 - 2:13 pm
Never observed any such failures in structures. So, am unaware of that. Maybe Google Search might
help…
Practically speaking, column reinforcement is embedded in many feet of concrete. Ensuing footing
would be weak, but I doubt if it would fail.
Cheers!
#6 by Amba on March 15, 2012 - 1:48 am
Yes! you are correct! If at all the workman ship does not satisfy , like the plumb of the
column/building), there are no failures observed.
#7 by Ajaynder on August 26, 2011 - 1:09 am
There is no failure but the eccentricity of the column reinforcement might be disturbed, thats why its
important to tie the reinforcement after alligning to the center line.
#8 by BenzuJK on August 27, 2011 - 3:58 am
Hello Ajaynder,
When the eccentricity of the column reinforcement gets disturbed, it leads to structural cracks which
results into structural failure. Structural failure does not just mean that “the structure would collapse”
but it also means that the structural components like beams or columns in a structure are damaged
which affects their strength considerably.
Cheers:)
BenzuJK
#9 by Yash on December 5, 2011 - 1:26 am
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If u do not tie your column to the bottom mesh… then there will be joint failure (probably cracks in
diagonal direction will arise that is shear failure) between column and the other member.
#10 by meenakshi on September 20, 2012 - 2:32 am
bharat bhushan jindal :
if we didn’t tie the longitudinal reinforcements of the column,then the bars may
buckle and column will tilt..i hope u got ur ans
#11 by kuttan on June 17, 2011 - 3:21 am
Hi Benz,
I am bit tensed aftre readiing this article. My 2 story building (1300+1200 sqft) foundation design
consists a mesh of with 8mm rods and column steel frame of 12mm. Is this is sifficient for this building?
there are around 17 columns in the foundation with beams connecting all the columns. Reammy
appreciated your reply on this ASAP.
Sasi
#12 by BenzuJK on June 17, 2011 - 3:36 am
Hello Sasi,
8mm rods can be used for the footing mesh. The number of steel rods change with the thickness of
the mesh. So the mesh being 8mm or 10mm is not an issue. It all depends on the load coming on a
particular footing. The load on every column is different depending on which we calculate the total
quantity of steel required. If your engineer is qualified enough then don’t worry, he will take care of it.
Your building will be safe.
#13 by kuttan on June 20, 2011 - 4:00 am
Hello Benz,
Thanks for the quick reply. Just one more quiry. The beam size connecting all the columns are
30cmx20cm with avg span of around 4mts. Is it sufficeint dimension? just wanted to have second
opinion. Also whether we need to extend the column pillars to to the roof level? My architect says its
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not required. Instead we can have 15 cm concrete belt with some additional rods running through out
the plinth. Please advice.
#14 by BenzuJK on June 25, 2011 - 10:31 pm
Hello,
This shall be fine. You can proceed with the construction. I don’t think there would be any problem.
All the best!
#15 by kuttan on July 6, 2011 - 5:15 am
Hi Benz,
Thanks for your valuable advice. May need your help going forward. If you don’t mind can I get email
id? Please reply to [email protected]
#16 by BenzuJK on July 6, 2011 - 11:00 pm
Hello Mr. Kuttan,
You can always keep in touch with me through my site. You can ask any questions that have
regarding the construction field. Will try me best to help you whenever possible.
Benzu
#17 by Romal on January 5, 2015 - 10:47 am
Dear Sir,
I have 4 story building the foundation slab for each column is 1m2 and deepness is 70cm2 and beams
connected in foundation each column 40x40cm with 6 each of 14mm rebar . it has totally 15 columns
the size of the columns are 30x40cm each column has used 8 each of 16mm rebar and the soil of the
fundation is strong. now please advice can i build one other story at the top of it to became 5 story.
THANKS
#18 by peris on July 6, 2012 - 1:05 am
hi,
am having problems in calculating foundation loadings.Are in a position to help?
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Regards,
Peris
#19 by BenzuJK on July 6, 2012 - 11:52 am
Hello Peris,
Guide to building design | Structural Design
#20 by amitava kar on July 10, 2010 - 8:25 am
I need to design a storey building how the load calculations r carried out that is coming in the column can pls
tell
#21 by gunasekaran on March 5, 2012 - 4:50 am
how to make the design of foundation,footing, collum, beam, slab @and it tk.which the bar using for design
in the structure.
#22 by BenzuJK on March 7, 2012 - 1:29 am
Please check out:
Building Design and Construction | Structural Design guide
#23 by sateesh on July 20, 2010 - 11:31 pm
Hi,
Please explain me the design proedure of Generator building. what are the loads i have to consider.
Thanks,
Sateesh
#24 by BenzuJK on July 28, 2010 - 2:06 am
Generator Building is a place where heavy machinery is placed. Firstly, you will have to study the kind of
machinery that will be used in the Generator Building. Only then can you estimate the load on the building.
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Once you know the average weight of the machines and the number of machines that your design
supports you can then move on with the load calculations. More than the live load of the workers or
technicians, consideration of the dead load of the machinery plays a vital in the design of Generator
Building.
#25 by ikoto on May 12, 2011 - 5:49 am
can footing depth vary in same builing
#26 by deepa on August 3, 2010 - 3:13 am
Its good to find the whole design part in this if we hve images of various kinds of footing it wl be useful.
#27 by rajendra on September 18, 2010 - 11:47 pm
what will happen in footing if we provide larger dia long side and placed down and small dia to short side and
placed above ?
#28 by Mani on November 1, 2010 - 3:58 am
is Achorage requried for a 6feet x 6feet x 1.3feet footing. also kindly advise whether anchorage required for
columns, plinth beams, and tie beams. kindly advise.
#29 by vinod on November 18, 2010 - 12:57 am
why we do grouting at the column base plate??
#30 by BenzuJK on May 21, 2011 - 10:22 am
Grouting at the column base plate helps in strengthening and stiffening of the column base. This could
help in avoiding flexural and structural failure.
#31 by SANJAY KUMAR on December 19, 2010 - 7:08 pm
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dear sir,,
i want to build up a flat RCC roof for roofing area of 43′.4″x31’3″. so i need the rod calculation formula and
also the roofing diagram.
#32 by Suman Dutta on December 22, 2010 - 6:14 am
Dear sir
I want to build up a home of two storied building , area 30’x25′. so I need the rod calculation formula and also
roofing diagram.
#33 by Pritam Roy on December 23, 2010 - 8:25 am
Dear sir
I want to build up a home of two storied building , area 22?x52?. so I need the rod calculation formula and
also roofing, foundation,beam, column diagram.
#34 by rajendravkurup on March 3, 2011 - 12:35 am
Pritam Roy :
Dear sir
I want to build up a home of two storied building , area 22?x52?. so I need the rod calculation formula and
also roofing, foundation,beam, column diagram.
#35 by BenzuJK on March 29, 2011 - 2:27 pm
Wouldn’t it be a better idea to contact a professional? It would be safer and cheaper to build according
to a perfect design of an experienced professional.
I know an experienced Civil Engineer who is also an Architect, Javed Kachchhi.
http://www.architectjaved.com
#36 by Riji Sajan on December 28, 2010 - 1:01 am
please explain the the design three storey building column footing,plinth beam roof slab etc.
#37 by Ram Sah on December 29, 2010 - 7:55 am
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i need details load, vibration and wind force calculation tank foundation as folloing:
1.0 Foundation size = 8500 mm x 3200mm and need height
2.0 need re-bar datails fourmula
3.0 tank weight = 13 ton
i hope my request will receive kindly consideration by you..
Regards
Ram
#38 by Aseged on December 30, 2010 - 6:56 am
Hello
I am designing a G+1 Residential building that rests on a rock and the maximum column load I have got is
200KN. Since it is difficult to excavate the rock what is the possible solution and what minimum dimension of
footing shall I use
#39 by Asit Baran Saha on January 3, 2011 - 3:05 am
Hi
pl. elaborate method of design of a combined footing connecting more than two cols. in line
#40 by Mano on January 3, 2011 - 5:41 am
can I give me an example for plinth beam design for a building foundation
#41 by fanka kongnyuy on January 11, 2011 - 4:02 am
sir,
i wish to know why it is that when designing footings reinforced bars as placed closed to where the pillar will
stand
#42 by fanka kongnyuy on January 11, 2011 - 4:05 am
why do we determined the bearing capacity of the soil for foundation design
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#43 by hari prasad on January 26, 2011 - 6:38 pm
I want to know waht is the load bering capacity of the rcc roof slab of 150mm thick simply supported
#44 by rk khurana on February 7, 2011 - 9:17 pm
sir/madam,
hi, I wish to know if in old structure foundation bolts and concret on surface damaged so to renew the
foundation for steel structure. what can be done?
#45 by Ashish on February 10, 2011 - 12:30 am
what is the technical name of column between foundation footing and plinth beam .Is it stub column?
Ashish
#46 by BenzuJK on May 21, 2011 - 7:49 am
Hello Ashish,
The column between foundation and plinth beam is called a stub column. It is squarish in shape. The
dimensions of the column changes above the plinth beam…
#47 by Kasi.Maheswara rao on February 10, 2011 - 1:35 am
Hi,
We have one old building without columns slab rest on brick wall. It’s constructed before 10 years, now walls
are formed cracks the building is in oil and gas plant no of times wall chipping and reconstructed for windows
and Ac opening pls suggest the building is suitable for living or need to dismantled
#48 by rajendravkurup on March 3, 2011 - 12:50 am
dear sir,
i want to design a pre engineering structure on top top of r c c framed design. size is 120m x 31m. please
help me to find out how many columns and footing size to find out. load of pre engineering structure is 60
ton.
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#49 by raghu on March 3, 2011 - 10:58 pm
can i have the eccentric footing design procedure
#50 by Labannya on March 9, 2011 - 11:16 pm
is 5″ brick wall safe for supporting a RCC slab? if not then why?
#51 by BenzuJK on March 10, 2011 - 4:04 am
Hello Labannya,
Supporting a RCC slab on a 5″ brick is unsafe and not practical. It has to have a Column and beam
structure above which RCC slab could be casted.
The reason is that there are heavy chances that the brick wall might slip which would lead to the collapse
of the structure. I hope would find the answer helpful.
#52 by bharat bhushan jindal on March 20, 2011 - 5:23 am
Hello….
what about the supporting of slab of shorter side span of 20 ft on brick columns.
#53 by BenzuJK on March 29, 2011 - 2:10 pm
You can do that. A large brick column or a fat brick wall… But please consult with a local engineer for
accurate calculations…
Cheers!
#54 by Sheeja on March 22, 2011 - 10:41 am
Sir,
I would like to know the follwing for the calculation bearing pressure below a footing, to know whether the
pressure is below the safe bearing pressure of soil.
1. The unit weight of RCC below ground level to be taken is 25 KN/m2 or (25-15) KN/m2, where 25 is the
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unit weight of RCC and 15 is the unit weight of soil.
2. Whether weight of soil above footing, i.e, weight of backfilling to be taken.
#55 by BenzuJK on March 29, 2011 - 2:09 pm
I didn’t understand your question. From what I could understand,
Weight of backfilling is negligible. I won’t affect the footing much… 15 kN/m2 is not much, when a typical
building load per square meter can reach above 1000 kN/m2. Even for a simple 3-storeyed structure,
loads on columns routinely cross 500 kN/m2
I believe a RCC design book would help you…
Cheers!
#56 by Vicky on March 31, 2011 - 8:56 pm
what should be the design load to be taken for the footing design of a single storey, two storey, and 3 storey
residential building ?
#57 by Thomas on April 6, 2011 - 12:03 pm
I want to replace 3- 6×6 bearing posts in the basement of a 3 story wood structure. They are currently sitting
on 2×8 wood on an existing 1-2 inch old concrete slab floor. I want to put new footings under posts. I’m using
6000 psi concrete mix, what size footing width x length x thickness should they be, and configuration of
rebar?
#58 by vijay on April 22, 2011 - 9:17 pm
what will the column footing size genraly taken in 3storied resedential building
#59 by BenzuJK on April 24, 2011 - 4:44 am
Hello Vijay,
The column footing size taken for a three storied building depends on the spans i.e. column to column
distance. Generally the size of the column footing is taken as 4’6″x5′ for 4m c/c
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#60 by tirumala on April 30, 2011 - 4:15 am
other than main and distribution reinforcement any other re bars will be there in footings
#61 by BenzuJK on May 1, 2011 - 4:20 am
Hello Tirumala,
There are no other type of reinforcement bars in footings apart from main and distribution bars.
Cheers:)
#62 by P.cHHETRI on May 3, 2011 - 10:37 pm
I am designing 3 storeyed building using staad pro, and sap software, I have probelem in defining load
combinations. Can anyone one help me out..
#63 by Ashok R.Sharma on May 11, 2011 - 9:09 am
Hello,
How to calculate the total load will come on footing?
#64 by BenzuJK on May 21, 2011 - 7:25 am
Four loads are to be considered in order to measure total load on the footing:
1) Self load of the column x Number of floors
2) Self load of beams x Number of floors
3) Load of walls coming onto the column
4) Total Load on slab (Dead load + Live load)
Benzujk
#65 by Imtiaz on May 20, 2011 - 11:11 am
Very good
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#66 by srinivas on June 8, 2011 - 2:10 am
Sir, i constructed a single storey building, build up area is 900 sq.feet, the soil is hard and rocky, the depth of
the footing is 6 feet, column footing size is 4’x4’feet, number of columns are 9, each column size is 12’x9′,
rods used in column are four 16mm and two 12mm. plinth beam tie up with all eight columns one column is
isolated, it is in parking area ( the rooms are 2 feet height compared to parking area ).
i would like to know plinth beam is really required for that isolated column and how many floors can i
construct on this foundation. please give your valuable opinion.
thanking you,
srinivas.
#67 by BenzuJK on June 17, 2011 - 12:09 am
Hello Srinivas,
Firstly, you need a plinth beam to tie the isolated column because if you dont do so, it might result into
bending of column resulting in collapse.
4’x4′ footing size is pretty small. Your column steel design is good. If the column c/c are not more than 12′
than you could go for G+3 without any hesitation.
I hope the answer was helpful.
Benzujk
#68 by Ringwang on December 22, 2011 - 2:14 am
please can u tel me what is G+3. all your answer are very usefull
#69 by Abdul on September 27, 2012 - 11:20 pm
what does G+3 or G+2really means? i am confused..its actually new term for me..thanks
#70 by khan on June 11, 2011 - 1:06 pm
what is the difference between one way shear and two way shear?
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is there two shear in any other RCC member apart from footing?
thank you
#71 by BenzuJK on June 16, 2011 - 11:58 pm
One way and two way shear is found in beams and columns too but punching shear is only evident in
between a column and a footing.
I hope it helped.
Benzu
#72 by khan on June 11, 2011 - 1:08 pm
what is the difference between one way shear and two way shear?
thank you
#73 by Bassel on June 13, 2011 - 12:43 am
Dear Sir,
in case of having 3 pillars supported to on founation in triangle posetion, can please provide me the hence of
the design in this case
Thanks
Bassel
#74 by khan on June 15, 2011 - 12:38 pm
what is the main difference between one way shear and two way or punching shear,when we have such
shear in buildings?
thank u
#75 by BenzuJK on June 16, 2011 - 11:56 pm
Hello Khan,
One way shear means stress coming onto the structural members in the horizontal direction from one side.
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It generally causes cracks in the RCC members. Two way shear is said to occur when the horizontal
stresses occur from either sides of the members causing it to crack or result in crushing of the structural
members if not designed properly.
Punching shear
It generally occurs between a column and a footing. The column tries to punch itself inside the footing
because of the excessive stress on it. This could cause weak joints between columns and footings and
also lead to structural failure.
#76 by mohan kc on June 20, 2011 - 9:24 pm
hello, i wanna know the design procedure of doglegged staircase with rcc arrangement
#77 by BenzuJK on June 25, 2011 - 9:13 am
Hello Mohan,
Check this link on Design of RCC Staircase
Guide to design of RCC staircase
#78 by tona.ahmed on June 29, 2011 - 10:11 pm
thanks for the post. I want to design the reinforcement for upward (negative) reaction. (As it happens in
Factory shed where both positive and negative reactions should be check.)
need a technical help.
#79 by Softy on July 5, 2011 - 6:46 pm
If somebody don’t tie the column reinforcement to the mesh below then what will be the possible type of
failures.What should be the design load to be taken for the footing design of a single storey, two storey, and
3 storey residential building ? I hope you can answer all my questions.
#80 by BenzuJK on July 6, 2011 - 11:05 pm
Hello,
Tying the mesh to the column reinforcement keeps the foundation and column tied to each other which
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results in its stability and strength. Structural cracks might appear if one fails to do so.
As i have already explained earlier, four loads are to be considered in order to measure total load
on the footing:
1) Self load of the column x Number of floors
2) Self load of beams x Number of floors
3) Load of walls coming onto the column
4) Total Load on slab (Dead load + Live load)
I hope I have made it clear.
Benzujk
#81 by MANOJ on July 6, 2011 - 9:53 pm
Hi,
i have to construct a house which has houses on both sides. what is the design for foundation and columns
with out disturbing the sides of other houses. the critical situation is that i cannot afford space between the
walls.
#82 by kuttan on July 7, 2011 - 5:03 am
Hi Benz,
Thanks for the clarifications on earlier comments. I have my foundation ready now. Initially I planned for the
red bricks for building the walls. Now changed it to cement blocks with MSand for plastering. What are the
things I need to be careful while using the cement blocks with M Sand?
#83 by BenzuJK on July 10, 2011 - 3:19 am
Hello Kuttan,
The only care you will have to take while constructing your walls with cement blocks is checking the
alignment of the walls. A wall with cement blocks is more prone to collapse as compared to the red brick
walls if the alignment is not proper.
#84 by cabrin on July 8, 2011 - 12:42 am
Please am requesting for the specification regarding pad foundation
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#85 by hari on July 12, 2011 - 7:41 am
which structure is more safe & cheap in two story building.
1. load bearing walls (B.B).
2. frame structure.
#86 by BenzuJK on July 13, 2011 - 4:45 am
Hello Hari,
Preferably, you should go for Framed Structures and avoid Load bearing structures. Load bearing
structure is safe for a two story building but framed structure would be the safest. Though there is a little
difference between the construction costs but keeping in mind the long term usage, one must go for
Framed Structures.
Also, the disadvantage of going for Load bearing walls for a two story building is that the walls get thicker
and the inner space decreases. Since land has become so costly, going for a framed structure would be a
sensible choice.
#87 by S. S. Ahmed on July 25, 2011 - 12:36 am
Dear Sir,
I would request you to advise me about the foundation plan. what type and size of foundation required to
carry out the 300Ton weight?
#88 by fazil on July 26, 2011 - 3:45 am
Dear sir,
in a school building some of the footings are coming over a sloping rock.here the strata is hard but the slope
may leads to slipping of footing .so wat will be the possible solution that i want to follow?
#89 by BenzuJK on August 20, 2011 - 12:14 am
Hello Fazil,
The construction can be very well executed in a rocky terrain. You should keep one thing in mind while
constructing on a rocky and slopy terrain; the rock which is being used for laying the foundation is not a
loose rock, this could lead to structural failure. But if the rock is hard and solid but has a slope, then you
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need not worry about it. It would not affect the strength of the construction. I suggest, before you plan on
initiating the construction, you should go for land surveying and get the important details which will help
you figure out what kind of foundation is to be laid and if the construction is feasible in such a site. If you
have any further questions regarding the construction, you are most welcome….
#90 by naseer on August 6, 2011 - 5:07 pm
How can I design three storey building
#91 by BenzuJK on August 9, 2011 - 9:18 am
Hello Naseer,
Check these articles. They may be of help to you.
Load calculations for foundation design
Guide to Foundation design
Cheers:)
#92 by M.Thirumurugan. on August 13, 2011 - 11:45 pm
Dear madam/sir
I strat next month my house work.house area is 1300 Sqft.kindly request to yoy please send footing and
column sizes and reinforcement details and distance of every columns and roof slab thickness and
reinforcement details. house size is 9m*12m
Thanks and Regards
M.Thirumurugan.
#93 by BenzuJK on August 18, 2011 - 12:45 am
I would kindly suggest you to contact a certified Civil Engineer for the work.
Check: http://www.architectjaved.com
Mr.Javed is an experienced Architect, civil engineer and an Interior designer.
Email: [email protected]
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#94 by anuj on August 24, 2011 - 11:18 pm
how can i calculate column loads????
it would be very nice if you can give me some reference and your ideas
#95 by Nilesh Khorasiya on August 31, 2011 - 6:16 am
Sir,
As a general practice, we used to make Starter (of approx. 100mm ht.) for column formwork. But, from some
expert, it is said that ht. of starter would be of 500mm ht. as per standard.
Could you pl. explain the exact mathods.
Thanks & Regards….
#96 by gopal singh on September 12, 2011 - 11:40 pm
dear sir,
I would like to ask you that below o.oomtr lvl should a part of colm be considered as footing,as it is written in
chinese code.
#97 by BenzuJK on September 15, 2011 - 6:43 am
Hello Gopal,
The pedestal below the column is called a footing. The part of the column below the ground is still called a
column and a footing.
Cheers
#98 by boblu on September 16, 2011 - 12:52 am
how to determine the foundation depth?
#99 by BenzuJK on October 1, 2011 - 12:10 am
Foundation depth is determined by calculating the total load on the foundation. After the load calculations,
you will be able to set the dimensions of the foundation (Length, width and depth). Hope that’s clear.
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Check out this article:
Calculation of loads for Foundation design
#100 by abbas on September 23, 2011 - 6:26 am
abbas :hello friends i find this website very interestingi ve learnt many things through
it.thank you for sharing your experiences with us.i am a newcomer from senegal:
#101 by BenzuJK on September 26, 2011 - 1:36 am
Hello Abbas,
I am glad the site was of help to you. Do keep visiting and sharing your views.
Cheers
#102 by kishor on October 6, 2011 - 1:28 am
please tell me the critical situation of footing designs like footing between two walls in which one is already
constructed and other we have to construct with L shape
#103 by Sarfraz Ahmad Ansari on October 6, 2011 - 3:47 am
Very Nice……………………….
what should be the design load to be taken for the footing design of a single storey, two storey, and 3 storey
residential building ?
#104 by BenzuJK on October 10, 2011 - 8:12 am
Hello Sarfraz,
Check this article. This will answer all your queries:
Load calculations for footing
Guide to Building design
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#105 by Sikandar Ali on October 9, 2011 - 6:05 am
Hello,
What are the general specifications for length of L for short columns.Because in some drawing I dont see the
length extended inside footing.Suppose columns length is 3 m high then how much should be bended (L)
inside footing.
Regards
#106 by Bashir on October 13, 2011 - 2:57 pm
thanks for your explanations on some key structural issues,they simple,concise and straightforward.i wish
more from u.
#107 by Bashir on October 13, 2011 - 3:02 pm
Hello friend,
i need a comprehensive examples on how toanalyse and design a structure .
#108 by Bashir on October 13, 2011 - 3:34 pm
The article is highly educative,hope to learn more from you with something new.
#109 by BenzuJK on November 6, 2011 - 3:37 am
Hello Bashir,
We will try and put up examples on analyzing and Designing Structures.
Check this out. This might be of help to you.
Guide to Building Design
#110 by Kurian Abraham on October 31, 2011 - 1:02 am
I am building a 2 storey house in a land that was previously a paddy field. It was slushy / marshy land in
which I filled with soil in 2001about 7-8 feet deep. Now i am planning to construct this house and do you think
I need to go in for any specific deep foundations. One person suggested column foundation that goes to
about 10 feet below ground. Another suggestion was well foundation. Please comment.
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Thanks,
Kurian
#111 by BenzuJK on November 12, 2011 - 9:54 am
Hello Kurian,
Well Foundations are pretty outdated. You must preferably go for Pile foundations. Concrete Pile
Foundation will be perfect in your case. Raft Foundation can also be used but since they are little more
expensive option as compared to Pile Foundations, you could avoid them.
Let us know if you have any more queries.
#112 by Dumdum on November 18, 2011 - 6:01 am
Can one use 12mm reinforcement bar for columns of three story building?
#113 by BenzuJK on December 1, 2011 - 11:27 pm
12mm reinforcement bar for columns can be used for three storey building. It depends on the load coming
onto the columns. Making an appropriate column layout is very important. 12mm reinforcement bars can
be used if the distance between columns is appropriate.
Check out this article. It will surely be of help to you.
Thumb rules for making a column layout
#114 by daryl on November 26, 2011 - 12:18 am
Some references use net allowable soil pressure for the design, that is allowable bearing capacity less
surcharge and the weight of the soil backfill but some does not consider deducting the weight of the soil
backfill. When do we need to consider deducting the weight of the soil backfill from the allowable bearing
capacity.
Thanks!!!
#115 by kaleem on December 5, 2011 - 7:37 am
iam consturcting single story building at the edge of minor irrigation tank ,there is silty soil and room size is
24′-0″ x14′-0″ ,what depth ,size footing needed please reply
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#116 by p.velladurai on December 6, 2011 - 8:50 am
hai frds
this website is very useful for engineers
we r learn to our doubt clarifications through it.
im a new comer from tuty in tamilnadu
#117 by descravel m on December 8, 2011 - 9:03 am
Dear sir,
what is the difference between sloped footing and flat footing.
#118 by BenzuJK on December 14, 2011 - 7:43 am
Hello Descravel,
Isolated footings are of two types:
1) Tapered footing
2) Stepped footing
Tapered footing which I guess you are referring to as sloped footing, is used in case of small constructions
such as bungalows, duplexes or G+1 structures. The reason why it is used in smaller structures is that it is
economical as compared to stepped footings.
Stepped footings
They are used in case of multi-storied constructions. Use of Tapered footing in multistoried buildings
proves to be uneconomical.
#119 by Arun Kumar on December 10, 2011 - 8:06 am
For seven storied residential framed structure with RCC columns 5.00 meter apart, which type of foundation
would be required on moderate type of soil. If raft foundation is required, then what would be adequate depth
of the raft ?
#120 by BenzuJK on December 14, 2011 - 7:37 am
Hello Arun,
You could go for an isolated footing even in case of a seven storey structure with RCC columns 5m apart.
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Raft foundation is used only in case of extremely weak soils. Isolated footing can be used even for a 10
storey building if the soil is moderately strong.
#121 by Tarun Kumar Bhunia on December 16, 2011 - 9:53 am
I have booked one flat of a residential six storey building.The size of its colums is 12/16,its foundation is 7ft
deep in hard soil,it has seperated colum footings.Is the building safe? Colums are cons
tructed with 8 tmt bars(four of 16mm ,and four of 12 mm).Please help.
#122 by Dinesh Trivedi on January 16, 2012 - 4:26 am
Hi there,
I am planing to construct my house on plot area of 20 ft x 20 ft = 400 sq ft, ground, and 400 sq ft. first floor,
total Rcc area as per architact is 990 sq.ft aprox. I would like to know how much steel, cement sand and
aggregates will be required so that I know the cost of material.
Your earliest reply will be highly apriciated,
Thanks
Regards
Dinesh Trivedi.
#123 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 5:59 pm
Hello Dinesh,
The structural design depends on the building plan. WE cannot make assumptions. It is all calculated and
required professional knowledge. Every project is different and has to be dealt separately. The quantities
of sand, cement, steel and aggregates require a detailed analysis of the structural design. I hope what I
am saying is making sense to you.
Civil Projects Online has made things easier for you. It has launched Architectural and Structural Design
Services at minimal costs. You can also receive expert advise.
Architectural and Structural Design Services
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#124 by Victor on January 25, 2012 - 1:45 pm
Hello
Please, to design a foundation for a Generator, is any special requirements, from Ontario Building Code ?
Thanks
#125 by S.rama on January 28, 2012 - 12:01 pm
Sir, i want construct a G+4th storey building, build up area is 3973 sq.feet in 23’9″x158’5″ , the soil is not
hard ,from entrence in right side 4’6″ wide open duct and left side 6’9″ wide
passage. And, i want to provide 56 nos columns accrding to room(12’0″ x 12’0″) and their corner. and want
also to provide 9.84″x17.71″(16mm dia) RCC column in outer wall. am i right or wrong
thank you !
S.rama
#126 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 5:57 pm
Hello Rama,
The structural design depends on the building plan. WE cannot make assumptions. It is all calculated and
required professional knowledge. Every project is different and has to be dealt separately.
Civil Projects Online has made things easier for you. It has launched Architectural and Structural Design
Services at minimal costs. You can also receive expert advise.
Architectural and Structural Design Services
#127 by Lakshmanan on January 30, 2012 - 9:15 pm
In my house plan the contractor has drawn for the hall of 14 ft by 30 ft approx with 4 pillars at about 10 ft
distance each and on other parallel side 3 pillars at 15 ft distance each and each pillar from foundation
column has 6 no.s of 12 mm rods in 9″ by 12 ” column/pillar; Whether 12 mm rod vizag/TISCO make ok
whether any special care to be taken in concealed beam on lintel or roof level required. How to cross check
my plan if it is correct without defect………….lakshmanan
#128 by yogananda on February 2, 2012 - 9:29 am
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hello Benz
i want to know the procedure of machine foundation for 11kv isolator machine and transformer. . in some
textbook they simply consider 0.12percent GA. . how the ecentricity calculation for this point load and hence
moment. . also for mode of vibration and frequency check. .please guide me
#129 by yogananda on February 2, 2012 - 9:39 am
hello friends
any one help me for design of pile cap. . i designed pile cap by embedded piles to pile cap and calculating
the max reaction of pile per meter and hence moment with respect to ecentricity for this i designed steel . . is
this procedure correct . . also in some books they will designed as slab by just considering as max BM
respect to simply supported condition . . which is correct
#130 by Roland on February 2, 2012 - 3:38 pm
This is about ground floor column moments. We use column height from ground level to second floor in
analysis of multi-storey bldgs. This results to column moment values at ground level. Now when we design
the footing, we use this same value though the footing level is way below the ground level. Should we not
neglect this moment as the ground slab and soil can provide rigidity and disperse column load moment when
it reaches the footing level?
#131 by g yousal on February 3, 2012 - 6:56 am
dear benz,
i am building a 3 +1/2 storeyed house om a hilly slope. The foundation mesh designed by my architect is 6′ x
6′ of 16mm rods and the columns are 9”x16”( 4 nos 16mm & 2 nos 12mm) size and beam size including slab
casting is of 9”x18” ( 6 nos. 16mm ) The maximum beam length is 15’4”(c to c)’. All the beam placements are
in a grid formation. Please let me know the following :
1. what do you mean by tying the column end to the foundation grid? (My architect says the cloumn end
needs to be just centered on to the grid and the footing pyramid built ( i.e there is no tying of the L-shaped
column end onto the grid) How do you do the tying?
2. Are the above column and beam dimensions and the reinforcement ok?
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3. Are these rectangular shaped columns have the same structural strength as a square shaped one of same
size ( say 9” x 16” versus 12” x 12” )
4. Does the placement direction of these rectangular columns ( i.e the facing of wider & narrower side ) need
any specifications or can be faced as per the rooms partition requirements?
#132 by Suresh on February 3, 2012 - 10:07 pm
Hello sir,
1. Can u tel me the purpose and necessary of provide tapered footing in residential building?
2. Difference between tapered footing and block footing?
#133 by BenzuJK on February 5, 2012 - 6:23 am
Suresh :
Hello sir,
1. Can u tel me the purpose and necessary of provide tapered footing in residential
building?
2. Difference between tapered footing and block footing?
Tapered footing and block footing are two alternatives that can be used for the same purpose.
Tapered footing is sloped at all four sides whereas block footing is a single step footing.
Isolated footings are of two types:
1) Tapered footing
2) Stepped footing
Tapered footing which I guess you are referring to as sloped footing, is used in case of small constructions
such as bungalows, duplexes or G+1 structures. The reason why it is used in smaller structures is that it is
economical as compared to stepped footings.
Stepped footings
They are used in case of multi-storied constructions. Use of Tapered footing in multistoried buildings proves
to be uneconomical.
#134 by bingo on February 6, 2012 - 9:50 am
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i am constructing a single story building (shops) and laid foundations with 3 x 3 feet column foundations.
column had 4 x #5 size dia bars, we also had plinth beam. now the owner wants me to go for double story.
what minimum should i do with the foundation or with columns to go for double column, help
#135 by E.PONNAMBALAM on February 8, 2012 - 4:12 pm
HI BENZ,
IS IT THERE ANY PERCENTAGE OF REINFORCEMENT FOR A SINGLE COLUMN? AND IS IT
POSSIBLE TO TIE 8 NOS OF 16MM RODS IN A 9″ X 9″ SQUARE COLUMN?
#136 by MANDLA on February 9, 2012 - 3:35 am
Hi..
This is sharat
Im a civil Engineer,
SBC is calculated based on SPT test
But is it the only criteria to decide SBC..
If not so please explain in detail how to calculate SBC.
Depending on type of soil how do to decide SBC??
Pls reply me….
#137 by sanjay verma on February 10, 2012 - 12:40 am
how can v calculate the cement concrete of a fotting when its base is 8’*8′ and its 6” in the base and then
upward sloop and 4” each bside the coloum at the top
#138 by eusemar on February 11, 2012 - 4:09 pm
hello madame,
is it too much for a 12m x 7m 3 story residential bldg to have 0.30m x 0.30 columns spaced @ 5m, 5m and
2m on the buidings longest side?
#139 by shali on February 13, 2012 - 4:01 am
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why it is not necessary to do rubble soling beneath the footing if the same footing rest on the hard rock. and
why some consultants suggest to do double layer of rubble soling beneath the footing?
#140 by africa web on February 14, 2012 - 1:56 pm
the idea behind to tie the column bars to its foundation reinforcement is to assure that the skeletal framework
of a building will be acting as one, because reinforcement are assembled separately according to their usage
it is ,by principle important/neccesary that this reinforcement should be secured properly to act effectively
and actually serve its purpose nevertheless tieng this rebars is to avoid them from slipping from each other
when subjected to excessive force/load
#141 by Paul on February 15, 2012 - 6:02 am
Dear sir,
I am planning to construct a G+1,where ground floor is 26’*22′ and first floor is 26’*36′ for that i have selected
15 pillers made of 16 mm rod square 04 nos and connecting beams of 12 mm rod square 04 nos.The ground
condition is neither hard or loose.(medium).My selection is ok or not.can you please advise.
Regards
#142 by S S Chani on February 18, 2012 - 1:10 am
I find your column very useful.. my query is that I am a layman as far as the civil structures are concerned..
We have a G+2 story structure and wanna construct one more floor. Floor size is 400 Inch X 400 Inch and it
has a total of 13 columns of x section of 522 sq cms each (ie 9 inch X 9 inch)
Is it advisable to go ahead with 3rd floor with existing structural strength ?
#143 by basavaraj on February 19, 2012 - 5:38 am
please suggest me which is better?
building stone wall from footing to plint or brick wall
#144 by Rana Masud on February 20, 2012 - 12:55 am
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Dear Benzu
I want to know about following foundation Procedure.
01.Machine Foundation
a. Wt 123TN b. Suppliers Recommended foundation size 12m x 5m. Also Supply Moment x,y & z axis.
c. 750rm.
02. Foundation design of Fuel storage Tank 25m dia 18m Ht , Fuel Capacity 8000kl.
Thanks with best Regards
#145 by john on February 21, 2012 - 10:20 am
hi im john
if you have a beam span of 8.50 to 10.0 mtrs. in a 15 storey building, what is the ideal section of the column
on the ground floor?
what is the ideal column size at 4th floor to support with a beam span of about 8.50 to 10m.?
what should be the column size on ground floor if it has 8m span?
what should be the size of a column at 4th floor if it has an 8 m. span?
#146 by Kam on February 22, 2012 - 1:58 pm
Hi Benzukj,
When a foundation slab has a strip footing for exterior load bearing walls, can it be near or above a spread
footings for columns. In other words can the spread footings for the columns be place deeper so it doesn’t
interfere with the strip footings in the slab on grade foundation?
#147 by RUMA on February 22, 2012 - 11:18 pm
Dear madam,
in my three storied ratidential building(low land)-550 sq. ft area in one floor, 11 nos column all are 4-16dia
bar(250X250mm), footing size 1.5mX1.5m with 12dia bar-200 spacing 1200 height, plinth & roof beams all
are 250X2500 mm with 4-16dia bar.Is it safe? Please advise.
#148 by arjun on February 22, 2012 - 11:28 pm
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how would you calculate storey shear and storey moment in kanis method of frame analysis(side sway
type).I know its formula but my values are not satisfactory with my study material.Can you help me?
#149 by Suman Roy on February 24, 2012 - 3:55 am
Hello Sir
I want to know the comparison between normal single/double slope truss of IS members and tubular/pipe
sections for a span of 11 m and whose two ends supports on two column. Also give related
books/journal/links information.
#150 by Mohammed Al Amir on March 1, 2012 - 2:22 pm
Hello I’m trying to build a ground plus two shopping center on a 400 meters squared piece of land. I need a
building plan, how much material i need? etc..,
If you can assist I’m willing to pay for your services
Thank you
#151 by megha on March 2, 2012 - 7:03 am
while designing footing why net safe bearing capacity is considered?why not gross bearing capacity is
considered?
#152 by H. Bruce Campbell on March 3, 2012 - 6:36 am
Hi Benzu,
Thanks so much for your site!
I need to build inexpensive support pillars for the landing gear of a Boeing 727-200 airliner which serves as
my home (web site references below). I’d prefer a method which is both cheap and relatively easy to
dismantle, but fully reliable and very long lived. My sense is that each of the two main landing gear need to
support a maximum of about 380 K Newtons, and the nose gear a maximum of about 133 K Newtons. My
subsurface soil is moderately firm clay, but my terrain slops significantly.
At this time I’m focused on the left main landing gear task. It’s support pillar needs to be very roughly 2
Meters high and very roughly 3 Meters in diameter. The pillar tops must be concave (bowl shaped) so that
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the landing gear tires can roll a bit during an earthquake, to insure that no stress can develop, but return to
the center once earth motion ceases (an anchor chain will become taut if the travel nears the pillar
perimeter).
Air is maintained in the landing gear struts so that they absorb shock such as from an earthquake. The
inflation height of the struts is easily adjusted so as to level the aircraft, even if the support pillar’s height
changes a bit over time.
For the left main gear pillar, I’m currently considering a conventional circular concrete pad onto which an
unconventional pillar is assembled as follows: Ordinary 10 cm diameter ABS sewer pipe would be stacked
vertically one next to another, in an array which forms a 3 Meter diameter pillar shape, and held together with
outer circular perimeter steel bands or similar. At least four steel rods would be inserted through the sewer
pipes, each from the top of one side of the pillar to the bottom of the opposite side of the pillar, as diagonal
members so as to prevent tilting of the pillar. The tops of the pipes would be cut so as to form the bowl
shaped concave top. Each pipe would be filled with concrete and one centered reinforcing bar, or perhaps
simply filled with gravel (or a combination, such as concrete fill for the center most pipes, where the tires
normally rest, but gravel for the outer pipes).
A steel or similar culvert pipe to house the array of vertical sewer pipes is a conceptually easier option, and I
continue to consider that. However, 3 meter diameter culvert is expensive and somewhat awkward to
transport.
A conventional solid concrete pillar strikes me as likely quite expensive, and perhaps more difficult to
assemble (due in significant part to the large reinforcing bar structure presumably required). It would also be
far more difficult to disassemble. And my sense is that it would be far stronger than is necessary.
I remain fully open to any ideas however – any concept which addresses the need most efficiently will
ultimately win my heart. I’m an electrical circuit design engineer, not a civil nor structural engineer. So this is
generally outside of my skills. In general, I prefer thoughtful exploratory approaches which yield improved
efficiency over an unimaginative default to conventional design. However, if a conventional design simply
proves to be the best option, then it would win my heart.
I’d appreciate any thoughts or references you have, including the basics for the construction of the circular
base pad.
Thanks so much and regards, Bruce
Hillsboro, OR 97123-9074
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http://www.AirplaneHome.com (http://www.AirplaneHome.com/Images/22Sep2011ImagesCatalog.htm)
http://www.HikokiIe.com
#153 by jayson on March 4, 2012 - 12:08 am
hi
can you help me with our thesis?
i’m 4th yr civil eng’g student
our thesis title is “proposed design of special foundation considering the effect of mine blasting-induced
ground vibration”
we focus only on residential house foundation.
what is the initial step we should do?
how to design foundation considering blast loading?
thank you for the response and this would be a helpful for our research.
#154 by regim raj on March 5, 2012 - 7:19 am
Dear Ben
I want plan to start my G+2 home. please tell me about details please. building size 42’x20′
1. column size
2. no of rod
3. rod size
4. no of column (15 ok)
please reply me…..
#155 by KOTLURI on March 7, 2012 - 1:40 am
HAI THIS IS VERY NICE SITE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS
I AM NEW FOR THIS WHICH IS BEST SOFTWARE TO DESIGN FOOTING DESIGN
#156 by BenzuJK on March 8, 2012 - 11:24 pm
Staad Pro is being used for structural design purpose. But of course you need to be thorough with your
structural design knowledge to use this software.
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#157 by vaibhav patil on March 7, 2012 - 10:15 pm
hi, i’am second year civil engg student and i want to know what are the foundation details that are to be
taken into account while selecting the type of foundation to be decided for a skyscraper
#158 by zahir on March 8, 2012 - 4:46 am
hello, I would like to know is it acceptable practice to place an isolated footing in fill area ,I have 1.4 m fill
over the existing ground level,or i have to embed it below the ground level
#159 by BenzuJK on March 8, 2012 - 11:07 pm
Hello Zahir,
You shouldn’t place your isolated footing in fill area. You should cent percent prefer embedding your
footing below the ground level to maintain the integrity and stability of the structure. If don’t do they, the
structure is bound to develop foundation problems in futures. The most common one in this case would be
sinking foundation.
Be very careful while designing foundations. Remember that is the core of the structure. Let me tell you,
foundation problems are disastrous and are very expensive to repair.
Have you hear of the saying,”Precaution is better than cure”. Follow it. That is what we engineers should
be doing.
All the best!
Also check out my articles on Sinking foundation. They will give you an idea about what kind of
problems they create.
Sinking Foundation – I
Sinking Foundation – II
#160 by swapnil prabhu on December 11, 2012 - 1:13 am
hello ma’am,
all the information on the site and your explanation to all the difficulty for various questions have
provided me more knowledge than any other source, thanks a lot for all the valuable information.
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#161 by BenzuJK on December 12, 2012 - 4:57 am
Hello Swapnil,
We are glad to know that our articles have been helpful. We look forward to hearing from you often.
Cheers
#162 by rakesh on March 11, 2012 - 8:48 am
Hey! could u tell me if length of pillars are unequal(underground portion), will it create any problem to the
building…
#163 by malleswari on March 13, 2012 - 11:07 pm
khan :
what is the difference between one way shear and two way shear?
thank you
hi benzu mam
I want to know , how to fix the depth of isolated footing?
Which are the factors that influence the depth of footing?
Is there any codes that specifies the isolated footing depths?
#164 by malleswari on March 13, 2012 - 11:10 pm
we want to know the depth fixation of isolated footings?
#165 by anshuman sharma on March 18, 2012 - 3:24 am
what we have to prefer structural steel columns or rcc columns?
#166 by Gouri Sankar Kar on March 18, 2012 - 10:57 am
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i want to design a singly reinforced T-beam by entering some data i.e. depth 300mm, width of beam
-250mm, clear span-6.5mt, M-20, fe-415, bearing of simply support -250mm, please help me for solve me
the problem and guide me.
#167 by reela on March 19, 2012 - 4:54 am
hello
my question is how many cement column need to build 80 meter square and for each column of cement how
many bag of cement it need
thanks a lot
#168 by devang on March 20, 2012 - 3:57 am
how to find aggregate correction factor?
#169 by Ashly on March 20, 2012 - 8:45 am
Hello Benz,
I have a quick question on column footing. What happens if the column is not centered on the footing mesh?
Does it compromise on the strength of the structure?
#170 by srinivas on March 20, 2012 - 10:38 pm
Hello Srinivas,
Firstly, you need a plinth beam to tie the isolated column because if you dont do so, it might result into
bending of column resulting in collapse.
4′x4′ footing size is pretty small. Your column steel design is good. If the column c/c are not more than 12′
than you could go for G+3 without any hesitation.
Dear sir,
Thanks for your above given suggestion for my query on 8.6.11.
How can i tie the plinth beam, to the isolated coloumn. ( can i rise one more coloumn beside the isolated
coloumn ).
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How much footing size required for three storied building.
waiting for your valuable suggestion.
thanking you
srinivas.
#171 by S Q Faridi on March 23, 2012 - 6:54 am
How & which combination shall be taken for foundation design in following given conditions :
LOAD CASES REACTIONS (KN)
VH
Dead Load 16 6
Dead Seismic R 2 4
Dead Seismic L -2 -4
Live Load 53 23
Wind End Load -83 -21
Wind Left Load -84 -43
Wind Right Load -51 -7
#172 by shabier on March 24, 2012 - 10:51 am
how do i make contact with you in order for you to assist me in my drawings for foundations with
consultation. I’m willing to hive a meeting with you to discuss my requirements. Thank you
#173 by Debal Chatterjee on March 26, 2012 - 3:56 am
Can you kindly provide the calculation for depth required to withstand punching shear
#174 by DAN AKPAN on March 26, 2012 - 9:17 am
Please, how many rod will be used to design a drainage of width 1m, height 1m and lenght 1m?
I will be greatfull if you can assist me.
thanks.
Dan.
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#175 by Shamsudheen on March 29, 2012 - 10:21 pm
Dear Sir,
My house construction is progressing in Kerala, Kochi. I would like to know whether I can use kota stone
slabs or like that materials for my wardrobes partitions and racks instead of going for ferrocement slabs, mdf
etc. If so with kota stone or then how would be the connection with the wardrobes walls to insert this slab?
Thanks
Shamsudheen
#176 by Girish BM on April 1, 2012 - 4:56 am
Hi Benz
we are planning to built for industrial shed
span 25 mtr widht, centre height of shed willbe 35 ft . and crane capacity will be 10 ton.
request to inform what willbe civil footing size
and column size for foundation ?
Regards
Girish BM
+919552598092
india
#177 by Bhuvan on April 1, 2012 - 6:14 am
Hi,
I am planning for construction of 1st and 2nd floor on a building which is around 25 years old. Currently only
the ground floor exists at this place. The current buliding has been laid out on foundation and not columns.
As per my dad, the foundation is of 5 courses.
Please let me know whether it is safe to go in with additional 2 floors on this building. Also request to know
how many courses of foundation is needed for a 3 storyed building.
#178 by retheesh on April 2, 2012 - 3:30 am
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sir,
I design a three floor building column footing, 100cmx100cm size. 23cm rcc,then followed by 45cm to sloped.
10mm bar used for net. column size 23cmx35cm. this design is satisfied for the building.
#179 by pravin patil on April 2, 2012 - 7:54 am
dear madam,
how can i calculate size of columns, no. of columns for 15 x 50 plot. also i wanna know how much steel
required for 3 floor building for the same area.
plz suggest me suitable floor height taking all consideration such as ventilation, conditioning of room.
#180 by Aman on April 2, 2012 - 11:02 pm
Sir,
Can you please tell me, on what basis the foundation is designed..?
And which type of foundation should be used in different soil strata?
#181 by ramachandran on April 4, 2012 - 5:08 am
soil test depends to which type fondation need to building ho to understand kindly tel me for this answer
#182 by BenzuJK on April 8, 2012 - 4:08 am
Soil test is carried out by the Surveyors. If you are a Civil Engineer, your job is to hire a surveyor before
you begin your structural design. The survey will tell you as to what kind of soil it is and how much is the
bearing capacity of soil. Bearing capacity of soil will help you design the foundation of the structure.
Check out this article:
Guide to Structural Design of a Building
#183 by ramachandran on April 10, 2012 - 8:37 am
thank u
pile fountation about to article give madam
#184 by Ravi bhushan Mishra on April 5, 2012 - 3:03 am
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Dear madam/sir,
I am constructing R.C.C. building for 2099 Sq.ft. plinth area . Foundation work completed . All column tied
with tie beam on ground and it is completed upto slab level.
1) No of column= 19 nos.
2) Size of column= 12”*12”
3) Footing size = 4′ * 4′
4) Dia of rod = 04 nos. of 16mm
5) Foundation is 1.2 m below ground level and .90 m plinth ht. above ground level. Also we have three nos.
span of length 5.5 m from c/c of column.
Can i construct the building upto G+1 safely . Also can you suggest me as on thumb rule for beam size and
the reinforcement dia and nos.
#185 by BenzuJK on April 8, 2012 - 4:03 am
Check out this article. This will help answer many of your questions.
Minimum standards for Structural design
#186 by nick brown on April 5, 2012 - 5:35 pm
hi
my best wishes to u and many thanks to u for solving our problems after that must say that i am going to
start a project of a business complex which would consist of 5 stories in the area of 520 sq meter, so i would
like u to help me either by giving me a reference for civil engineering works or u may guide me to design and
work on it, and must say that i am also a student of civil engineering and i live in noida up. and if u give me
the refence around noida will be thankfull of u…
regards
#187 by BenzuJK on April 8, 2012 - 4:00 am
Hello Nick,
We are launching a new business website where we would offer Architectural and Civil Engineering
services at a minimum cost. I will get back to you only if you could wait for the next two weeks until we
launch our website online.
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Cheers
#188 by Habibpk on April 5, 2012 - 9:57 pm
hi Benz,, Please can u advice me for the 23’span and 40′ long simply supported continuous slab without
column support,two way slab need the how many concealed beams required with rebar detailand what will
be distance c/c of re bars in both ways main/distribution.
Regards,
hrbmorai
#189 by Larson on April 8, 2012 - 6:31 am
What is necessary for providing column starter at the Base of the Column.
#190 by Rasta on April 10, 2012 - 1:30 am
Hi
for column, how much does it contributes to each level of a building when you are calculating the seismic
weight of a building???
for each level ive been tryn to calculate the weight which includes taking the weight(N) of the slab, beams,
etc for each level and total them up to represent the weight of a particular level..but when it comes to
columns im really not sure coz the column runs from the bottom to the uppermost of the building, so for each
level how do we take the weight of the column???
#191 by Mohsin Sk on April 11, 2012 - 11:50 pm
Hi,
we are building RCC home on 1000sq fit area. I have got the construction layout and pillars design from
professional. I am thinking of directly constructing slab over pillar without walls. but i have heard that slab will
break if done in that fashion. What will you suggest? what should be the minimum slab requirement to avoid
such incidence?
thanks in advance
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#192 by ramachandran on April 15, 2012 - 12:23 am
can u tell me pile fountation depnds upon details design wait for u’r reply
#193 by DENIS V. Balatero on April 15, 2012 - 10:34 pm
Hi,good day, I need help.I am currently designing an extension of a church with 6 m. width and 11m long.it
has a balcony design on top with the same size of the extension desired.Problem is,because of budget
constraint i can’t make it to the soil test to know the soil bearing capacity.If in this case I wouldn’t know the
design of its column and footing foundation.Can you please help me?Can you give a maximum design?…
other problem is that I observe,when excavating i have notice that from the natural grade line and just
excavated almost 2.00m,water is coming out.The proposed height of the front structural column is almost
10m,what will i do?can you please help me on this matter?I need it as soon as possible.Thanks and God
Bless.
#194 by bliss on April 16, 2012 - 6:34 am
can u give me a research topic on building structural work?
#195 by sudhesh on April 17, 2012 - 10:45 am
Hi,
My best wishes for launching Architectural & civil engineering business at minimum cost , looking forward for
the same at the earliest. please let me know your website details …………….
#196 by vinoth on April 19, 2012 - 10:11 am
Hi,
Kindly advice me about pile foundation, I’m going to build my own house 1100sq feet.
In that area each builders are making difference pile foundations because of loose soil.
E.g. –
1. Bottom of the single Column
Dia – 0.75 feet
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No of the pile – 3 or 4 or 5 piles
Depth – 15 feet
2. Bottom of the single Column
Dia – 1feet
No of the pile – single pile
Depth – 15 feet
Please advice me economic pile foundation methods
Thanks
#197 by Bashar on April 27, 2012 - 1:24 am
Hi,
can u explain me … that how we can done 6 foot foundation for 34 foot height and 3 foot by 3 foot watch
tower (6×75 Angle of tower), please explain with drawing if possible.
#198 by SAMEER on April 30, 2012 - 6:08 am
Is there any need to use steel reinforcement for wall like wall ties, mesh
For fixing marbles to the wall there is any necessaty to fix it by using steel angle & bolts
#199 by Afroza on May 1, 2012 - 6:42 am
Helo Benzu,
1) In a frame structure angle between RCC Column and beam laterally how much will be allowable Angle(?)?
2) If the angle between RCC beam and column is more than 90 degree;is it wise to raise the building
vertically upto 2/3 story (where the foundation is 3storied)?
#200 by Afroza on May 1, 2012 - 6:55 am
BenzuJK :
Hello Mr. Kuttan,
You can always keep in touch with me through my site. You can ask any questions that
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have regarding the construction field. Will try me best to help you whenever possible.
Benzu
Like this site very much!!!
#201 by Chethan on May 2, 2012 - 12:54 am
Hi,
I’m constucting a gnd + 3 floor house on a 1200 sq ft plot. Right now as per plan from our engineer, we have
about 12 columns, which are like 5 in a row on either ends and tow in the middle row. To be frant I really dont
have much idea about the number of columns, load bearing capability, etc. My question is, are 12 columns
sufficient for a 4 floor house on 30×40 sq ft. Secondly my engineer due to some vaasthu reason wants to live
with just 10 columns, while getting rid of the 2 columns in the middle row. Is it something acceptable? My
concern was that the two rows of columns are seperated by 23 ft. Is it ok to have it this way? Please advice.
#202 by A Beg on May 3, 2012 - 12:39 pm
want to discuss about a plan …but can’t copy/paste here.how can I attached the plan that I can solve some
confusion about the plan.
Very helpful and informative your site is!
Thank you.
#203 by Mohammed on May 5, 2012 - 5:32 am
hi,
plz, i want to know about portable houses
and what are the things required for foundation of portable houses.I want to know its sizes and dimension
#204 by BenzuJK on May 6, 2012 - 2:39 am
Hello Mohammed,
Check this out. This could be of help to you.
Transportable Homes
#205 by Mohammed on May 5, 2012 - 11:09 am
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what kind of foundation required for portable houses
#206 by BenzuJK on May 6, 2012 - 2:34 am
The foundations for portable homes are built at the same time as the house itself. The foundation is laid on
the ground. The construction technique used for construction of portable homes is far different from our
traditional method.
#207 by Mohammed on May 8, 2012 - 1:05 pm
Thank you for the reply.It was really help ful.
#208 by Mohammed on May 9, 2012 - 1:01 am
Hi mam,
I want know if we are going to construct a ground floor how should we calculate that,how much of
steel,sand,cement is required.
#209 by Gautam on May 10, 2012 - 1:51 am
Madam, I have gone through several of those queries and answers and found out to be very usefull, I have
found out one of the problems is quiet similar to mine. I have already constructed g+1 and now planning for
g+2. I have also received the soil testing results recently which suggested that my foundation should be at
least 1.5 or 3m deep. The bearing capacity for 1.5m sand filling can give 6t/metresquare. and upto 3m deep
foundation can give 20t/metresquare. Fortunately out of my 16 column 6 column are at a depth of 9 and half
feet, 3 are at a depth of 10 and half feet and the rest are at a depth of 11 feet. All tappered foundation with
16mm and 12mm mesh alternatively tied and column size till ground level/plinth is 12x12inches with
4nos16mm and 2 nos.12mm diameter rods and after that raised in to 10x10inches column size till G+1.
Column to column distance is 12x12feet. Foundation size is 6 inches with mortar and brick chips and and
then mesh is laid over it,along with tied column structure and then again filled with mortar to about 6 inches
towards the edges of foundation and about 12 inches thickness raised towards the column as tappered
foundation. Madam I would request you to tell me if this foundation of my house can resist one more floor on
my existing G+1. I would be gratefull to receive ur suggestion.
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#210 by gautam on May 11, 2012 - 3:45 am
madam, i want to know the size and width of the total concrete for tappered foundation for 3 storied building
#211 by gautam on May 11, 2012 - 4:24 am
madam how can i tie plint bean to an isolated column. actually, even one of my house column is isolated .
although i m planning to raise two more foundation column side by side, but how to tie the i osolated column
is the main problem. My house is G+1 presently. After raising two more column side by side and then resting
on the beam, can it actually help me break the isolated column and then reinforce it with the other two, is the
idea practicable, please suggest.
#212 by samrat on May 12, 2012 - 10:09 am
thanks for this very important web site , your web site could be com pair with any engineering college.i have
a question how to calculation about sterups in footing ?
#213 by Jun on May 14, 2012 - 1:47 am
Hi,
If I have a 20 m x 20 m building with a height of 42 meters including the basement floor and having a 1.50 m
thick raft foundation, what should be the minimum level of the bottom of the raft foundation if it will rest on a
non-cohesive soil having a bearing capacity of 250~300 kn/m²?
#214 by hasan ali khan on May 19, 2012 - 4:57 am
sir
please tell me is it compulsory to construct a pedstel in between footing and plinth beam.Please reply soon.
Thanks.
#215 by BenzuJK on December 6, 2013 - 5:17 am
I have designed and built most of my buildings without a pedestal. Depends on your design philosophy.
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#216 by M.I.kajahs on May 28, 2012 - 4:03 pm
Pls what are the procedure and activities require to carryout in the structural failure analysis. Thanks
#217 by milind joshi on May 31, 2012 - 3:43 am
madam,
above FAQ are very useful ,
i would like toknow how do design foundation for centrifuge equipment .(running at 1800 rpm,wt.7.5
ton.,1100 kg.m2
#218 by K Y Rao on June 1, 2012 - 5:04 am
Dear Mam,
I am planning to construct a Three (3) storied building in 200 sq.yds plot and the slab area is coming to about
1600 sq.ft. I got the plan drawn by engineer, and he has shown 12 nos. columns to have big hall / bed rooms
and column to column spacing is shown as 16 ft x 14 ft.
I request you to kindly suggest the size of column, beam and slab thickness fit to this dimension and also the
steel to be used for the same.
Regards,
K. Y. Rao
#219 by Hemant on June 1, 2012 - 9:29 pm
I have a 2-storyed RCC house with columns and beams. The pillars are standard 9″x12″. Roof slabs are
RCC, 4″ thick. The column spacing is about 12’x12′.
I want to locate a water tank on the terrace within a 12’x12′ square. It will be a Syntex tank of base area of
about 30 sq ft. I want to flll it up with about 8000 liters of water. Is it ok? Will the roof bear this kind of load? I
am not a civil or mechanical engineer and find it difficult to calculate.
#220 by jes on June 3, 2012 - 4:36 am
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hai mam
am building a G+2 storey house in a land that was previously a paddy field. It was slushy / marshy land in
which I filled with soil in 2001about 3-5 feet deep. Now i am planning to construct this house and my
foundations sizes 1.2M wide & 0.3M depth (bars 10mm@175c/c top and bottom, stirrups 8@150c/c and am
not going to go deep foundation i ill construct with existing ground level) along with the columns and walls (all
around) my columns size is 0.5×0.15m (bars 8nos12mm)total 13 nos columns and span is like 2.5 to 3 meter
and 2nos maximum span is 4.5m is it ok Another suggestion was well foundation. Please comment.
Thanks,
#221 by SARA on June 7, 2012 - 5:46 pm
Hi,
We are constructing 1400 GF & 1100 FF, This building comes up to roof level, total we have 14 columns 12
nos are 9” * 9” size and 2 nos are 1’*9” sizes, by keeping this columns sizes whether we go for second
floor?,
Pls advice us
#222 by BenzuJK on June 30, 2012 - 5:05 am
Hello Sara,
Please do not even think of considering going for a second floor construction with the sizes of the columns
you have mentioned in the comment. The building will not be able to take the load and might result in
structural failure.
#223 by anupam goel on June 16, 2012 - 7:26 pm
gd mrng
my architect has given a very heavy metal beam work for my 2 storey building – residential cum play school.
how do i know whether its ok or more than enough coz its exceeding my budget.
plz help.
#224 by BenzuJK on June 30, 2012 - 4:53 am
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Hello Anupam,
I feel you should trust the Architect. If he has given you a heavy design, it will cause no harm to your
building. It would only be harmful if he would have given a lighter design. It would have been cheaper but
disastrous. He is a professional, he will know better. So, I suggest that you should trust him.
BenzuJK
#225 by Karthick Roy on June 25, 2012 - 12:22 pm
Dear Sir/Madam:
I am planning to build a three-storied building (basement + ground floor + 3 floors) in Kerala. Right now, I
want to build only the ground floor and add the three stories in the immediate future. I am drawing up the
various estimates for my project. I would be very much obliged if you could kindly provide me with an
estimate of the cost of each pillar. Hope you would oblige me.
Thanking you.
yours faithfully,
Karthick
#226 by manjo on July 2, 2012 - 10:25 am
Hi Benzu,
Had a question on footing. After footing is done what could be the maximum delay in starting the column
construction? My contractor has just did the footing with steel everything in place, but the column
construction is not started.
Thanks,
Manoj
#227 by JOSEPH MUREITHI on July 3, 2012 - 2:07 am
WHY SHOULD W1 AND W BE THE SAME THING {SELF WEIGHT OF FOOTING]
MUREITHI,KENYA
#228 by shiva on July 3, 2012 - 9:53 pm
Hi benzu,
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I need some clarifications, thought u could help me out.
I am Mech engg working in EPC. I dont knw abt the civil foundations & pedestals.
the Foundation drawings shows F1 to F30 and P1 to P46, wat r these….
Help….
#229 by A.Chellappan on March 13, 2013 - 9:52 am
Dear Shiva,
The letter “F” stands for Footing followed by continuous number, the same “P” stands for pedestal.
#230 by gulam haji on July 12, 2012 - 11:46 am
if there is black cotton soil upto 6 feel deep which type of foundation should be apply sooo that
superstructure cant arise cracks
#231 by CHRISTOPHER on July 14, 2012 - 9:15 am
Hi
while designing rcc beam I found out the live load , dead load, floor load and self wt.of a beam per sq.m. My
question is self weigt of rcc beam in kq/sq.m or kq/cu.m? Please decribe me
#232 by Ramakrishnan on July 18, 2012 - 6:20 am
Column and beam dimensions???
Hi BenzuJK,
I am designing a residential building for a university project, but can’t find any information on what size of
column or beam to use.
It is a G + 2 storey, RCC framed and brickwork building of size approx. 9.75m x 9.75m.
Floor to Ceiling heights are kept at 3.65m (12’) for all the floors.
3 Columns are positioned at 0, 4.55 & 5.2m c/c on East West direction and 4 columns are positioned at 0,
3m, 3.6m, 3.15m on North South directions.
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Size of Columns proposed are 12″ x 9″ with 6Nos of 16mm dia and size of Beams are 12″ x 9″ with 5 Nos of
12mm dia rods. (depth of footing is considered as 6′ below EGL.)
Could you please comment if the column & beam sizes are reasonably okay.
Thanks,
Rama.
#233 by Srinivas on July 23, 2012 - 12:49 am
I am constructing a house . in which on the right side its a joint wall of my neighbor. so putting a pillar close
to the adjacent wall( pillar is not at the center it is on the side of the steel bed). but the problem is when we
dug a trench suddenly water started leaking from the foundation of my neighbor house it the drainage line
which got damaged . whenever they use their bathroom water suddenly leaks into our side ( Pillar) . But in
spite of this our engineer told our neighbor stop using the bathroom for while and constructed the pillar.Now
the pillar is built with cement and stones but my worry is water still seeped into the pillar may cause harm but
my engineer tell us not to worry . technically what will happen to my pillar if water seepage from neighbor
house doesn’t stop
#234 by Adil on July 25, 2012 - 1:29 am
Hi Benzu
Im a civil engineer and im trying my hand at designing practically for the first time though theoretically have
tried at many times at uni. Im assuming that the first step is Load calculation where you arrive at the load
each member would carry for the said building being designed. Do you have any format on excel which will
facilitate the documentation & calculation of the same?
#235 by sarfraz on July 26, 2012 - 1:52 am
sir i want to know that i want to design my two stories building with isolated footing…. i wana know the
sufficient depth of foundation?????
#236 by Nay Lin Maung Yee on August 4, 2012 - 2:57 am
Hello!
I am new here and I am Civil engineer from Myanmar. I would like to know about foundation design of the
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gallon 500 small RCC over head tank. Height is 9 ft. I have a few knowledge with this design. That is why
how can I calculate about the foundation design? Would you mind, please help me.
#237 by Ameer on August 5, 2012 - 4:05 pm
hello BenzuJK ,
can u help me , i want to make an emergency steel stair to a building with 4 storey about 16m height , i ll use
4 columns ( H steel section of 10 inch) , what is the good footing can i use it in this case( the base plate thick,
the anchored bolt diameter&length ,the dimensions of concrete base for this case)
#238 by Md.Sarwar Zahan on August 23, 2012 - 11:31 pm
Would you pls help me regarding two storied building construction process viz. foundation , main column ,
beam , wall , floor , roof etc. Here mentioned that soil is paddy land , area is 1400 sft.
#239 by Kunal on August 24, 2012 - 8:28 am
Plz let me know d most cost effective foundation for black cotton soil.I would like to construct a school with
14 rooms each with 17 X 23 ft (walls are not included). I think 2 story building save money so prefers that.Plz
tell me other cost cutting methods for various stages.
#240 by gautam on August 24, 2012 - 11:23 pm
Madam, I want to know what should be the normal thickness and size of concrete foundation for G+2
building, Also i would like to know if it is safe to built G+2 on soil bearing capacity of 6 to 20 tonne/sqm.
with regards
Gautam
#241 by japocs on August 27, 2012 - 6:08 am
Hi Im Japocs from Philippines… This site is awesome!
#242 by Randall on August 27, 2012 - 12:03 pm
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Hello,
i am looking at building several brick columns 26x26x10′ tall. what should my base be? nothing will be attach
to the columns, the inside will be hollow.
#243 by P RAJA SEKHAR on August 28, 2012 - 10:04 am
It is observed that four columns of size 300×450 with 6-16dia and 2-12dia was laid with eccentricity 15cm
above the plinth beam i.e., the column above plinth beam is placed 15cm away from the original column
below the Plinth beam by bending the col. main roads above the plinth beam. But the column above the
Plinth beam position is correct. How to rectify the defect. Please give suggestion.
#244 by zakhele on August 28, 2012 - 10:07 am
hai. may u please tel me abwt the different of construction techniques that might be adopted on a column
foundation.
#245 by Rad on September 9, 2012 - 5:25 am
Hello ,
Can u please help me design the foundation for a silo .. I know the total load and safe bearing capacity of
soil .. Pls help me
#246 by Dilip singh parmar on September 13, 2012 - 11:51 am
plz tell me what is the process of design the footing ,column ,beam
#247 by jitendra on September 17, 2012 - 11:44 pm
Mam i want know about floating concrete foundation design used in the seas.
#248 by Donnabel on September 19, 2012 - 1:05 am
Hi Benz
I would like ask you on how to correctly put a grid line in a plan?
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with regards
Donnabel
#249 by Dusan on September 19, 2012 - 11:28 am
Hi I am building a 3 story brick and concrete buinling in Naturel hard ground what size should my foundations
be
regards
Dusan
#250 by mahes on October 1, 2012 - 4:55 am
how to calculate the total load of footing
#251 by Rameez Sumra on October 15, 2012 - 10:40 pm
Hi Madam,
I’m student of last year B.E.
I like to design structure specially R.C.C. at this level i haven’t sufficient knowledge to do all things but i’m
trying mine best.
I am designing of multistory building. well mine question is regarding the foundation. In case of combine
footing which kind of criteria i should have to kept in mind. Where can i adopt individual or combine footing.
can u guide me. Thanks.
#252 by liz on October 28, 2012 - 7:59 pm
hi benzu,
i want to design a simple pad footing just to cater a staircase loading.can u pls give a design example. i really
need it asap.tqvm
#253 by Emiliano P. Belizario on November 10, 2012 - 3:12 pm
What are the standard structural design requirements for a concrete foundation or pedestal supporting the
BMU Steel Track anchored on the concrete pedestal by anchor bolts and steel clips?
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How to repair cracks on Concrete Foundation/Pedestal for BMU Steel Tracks? What are the causes of
cracks or failures of concrete pedestal or foundation for BMU Steel Track?
#254 by Sanni Prasad on November 12, 2012 - 12:37 am
Dear Benz,
we have encountered a black cotton soil
to construct building.we need constrcut G+4 storeyed.so shall we go for pile foundation or Isolated
foundation.
#255 by faisal qadir on November 12, 2012 - 2:26 am
what care should be taken about the water table before construction of a column base structure
#256 by george on November 26, 2012 - 5:22 am
hi
i want to knw if it is possible to use 30”mm bars foundtion of any type as ur starting point
#257 by Rahmani on December 6, 2012 - 8:39 am
Rahmani :
Benz
thanks for all best information could you please send me a foundation book the updated
#258 by barb on January 10, 2013 - 5:17 pm
how can a monolithic dome structure be built on a waterfront lot needing flood elevation 7ft hurricane proof
#259 by Stephen on January 23, 2013 - 11:55 pm
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Sir i cam across this very site not quiet long ago. Please sir i am a student of civil Engineering 500 Level.
Pleas sir can you help me out to be strong in structure? I really love to be a good and qualify Engineer. I
don’t mine if starting the course fresh with you, to enable have more knowledge in this field. Sir below is my
Email: [email protected]. My Phone Number : +2348032657209. I we really appreciate a
lot if you can help me to achieve my dream. Thanks
#260 by BenzuJK on February 9, 2013 - 7:54 am
Dear Stephen,
You can discuss and ask any questions you have on the blog and we will make sure that we answer them
as soon as possible.
This will also help in spread of knowledge among others as well.
Look forward to seeing you visit the blog.
Cheers
#261 by badmus on May 18, 2013 - 5:25 am
can a concrete of 150mm thick ,1.2m wide and 1.5m length crack without reinforcement(use as a walk way
#262 by BenzuJK on June 9, 2013 - 5:55 am
No. You have to provide reinforcement since it is going to be used as a walkway.
#263 by deepak on June 10, 2013 - 7:50 am
Hi,
Next year, I am planning to get my own house built. It is going to be a two storeyed one- 3 bedrooms (2 of
them on the ground floor), 1 kitchen cum dining room plus the a bathroom, and a not-too-big living room (with
a large French window). Now the issue is-I already have a one storeyed house (where i am living now) and I
want to join this one with the 2 storeyed. So waht would be the best way to lay the foundation keeping the
one storeyed in mind . I don’t have plenty of land area.
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The size of the plot is 175ft x 80ft (the house where I am staying at present itself has covered 90ft x 40ft ).
N.B.- I WANT A SMALL BUT A LOVELY COMPACT HOUSE.
Kindly advise,
Thank you in advance,
Deep
#264 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 4:59 pm
Hello Deepak,
There is some good news I would like to share with you.
Civil Projects Online has officially launched its Architectural and Structural design services. So, you can
interact with the experts to get your house constructed right.
Take a look at the services offered. You can write to them if there are questions in your mind.
Architectural and Structural Design Services by Civil Projects Online
Look forward to hearing from you.
Cheers
#265 by deepak on June 10, 2013 - 7:58 am
THIS SITE IS REALLY VERY INTERESTING AND HELPFUL UNLIKE MANY ALIKE
#266 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 4:48 pm
Hello Deepak,
I am glad the site has been helpful to you. Keep sharing the articles and keep visiting.
Cheers
#267 by Er.samuel on June 28, 2013 - 9:38 pm
can u explain me about the lap rod for the plinth beam how to design.
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#268 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 4:43 pm
Hello Samuel,
I am sure what you mean by a lap rod. There is something called a lap joint in beams. When two separate
rods are placed side by side in a column or beam to extend the lenght of the rods, they form a lap joint.
However, you have to be very careful with lap joints. There are several rules to be kept in mind.
1) Make sure that the lap joint formation does not happen at the column-beam junction.
2) The distance from where the lap joint should starts depends on the depth of the beam. For example, if
the depth of the beam is 250mm, the lap joint should start after a distance of the twice the depth of the
beam i.e. 500mm.
#269 by Raju on June 29, 2013 - 4:57 am
We are building a house(apartment type) with four residential units of 700 sq ft each, two on each floor. The
bldg should be able to construct another floor similar later.
I saw the contractor putting 18 pits for column footing about 10 ft apart each. He had used the lowest
concrete filling for about 4 inches. The other mesh work and column work has to start. He said the columns
will be 30 x 22What should be the other dimensions of rods, and mesh for the footing and columns? Is his
plan OK? He said he is using the rock-sand( not the river sand) inratio 1:6 I think.is itOkay?He said he is
taking the guidance of a structural engineer. I have not met the engineer.
#270 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 4:32 pm
Hello Raju,
There is some good news I would like to share with you.
Today, Civil Projects Online has officially launched its Architectural and Structural Design Services offered
through the website. In your case, you might need to consult with regards to reviewing the structural
design of your building. Our experts go through the structural design drawings in depth and let you know if
the drawings are upto the standard. They would also love to hear from you and answer all your questions.
Take a look.
Civil Projects Online now offers Architectural and Structural Design Services
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#271 by shraddha on July 2, 2013 - 12:51 am
can you explain me what is eccentric foundation…and where can i find any information on the same?
#272 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 4:24 pm
Hello Shraddha,
Eccentric foundation is one in which the column does not stand in the centre of the foundation base. It
stands in one of the four corners of the foundation base.
Have a look at this image.
Eccentric foundation
#273 by Ravi bhushan Mishra on July 2, 2013 - 10:23 pm
Ravi bhushan Mishra :
First of all i want to thank you for solving/replying regarding the technical issues time to
time asked by us – please provide me the detail in step by step for the constructional
procedure of WBM road in hilly areas and what are the important points to be kept in
mind during the work.
I am waiting for your valuable reply.
Regards,
Ravi Bhushan mishra.
#274 by kenli nyorak on July 15, 2013 - 10:50 pm
can u advise me, for three stories (G+2) rcc building what foundation should be suitable in hard soil. Depth
=?
Area(LxB) =? Reinforcement=?
#275 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 4:15 pm
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Hello Kenli,
Check out our professional design services.
Civil Projects Online now offers Architectural and Structural Design Services
#276 by Gokul on July 23, 2013 - 11:33 pm
Hello Benz,
I buying a house which is being constructed now, the size of the building area is 17 x 40 feet.
Ground floor, 631 sq.ft and first floor 731 sq ft is planned for construction. How many pillars and rods size are
required for this type of plan and how much maximum span can be provided from pillar to pillar.
#277 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 12:44 pm
Get your drawings reviewed by the experts on Civil Projects Online.
Civil Projects is now offering structural design services at affordable prices. Click here to know more.
#278 by Gokul on July 23, 2013 - 11:34 pm
Hello Benz,
I am buying a house which is being constructed now, the size of the building area is 17 x 40 feet.
Ground floor, 631 sq.ft and first floor 731 sq ft is planned for construction. How many pillars and rods size are
required for this type of plan and how much maximum span can be provided from pillar to pillar.
#279 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 12:43 pm
Get your drawings reviewed by the experts on Civil Projects Online.
Civil Projects is now offering structural design services at affordable prices. Click here to know more.
#280 by karaki on August 4, 2013 - 12:29 am
i encountered in my work a column placed directly on rock without foundation,,, any literature you have on
this ?
#281 by Molla reda on August 11, 2013 - 8:59 pm
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I want to design the structural analysis of footing foundation and Bar detail having acolumn 0.3*0.4m with
4tone of load acting on the column. please can you show me the detail steps and it,s detail.
#282 by venkatesh on August 16, 2013 - 10:02 am
dear sir, i am building a 1565 sq feet house with 17 columns,12 x 4 nos rods and 10 x 2 mm rods (vertical
bars), 6 mm tie bars are used,10 mm rods are used for footings with 4 x 4 feet, deep is 4 feet and is rocky
area.pl tell me how many floors i can build. pl urgent
#283 by BenzuJK on October 22, 2013 - 8:22 am
Hello Venkatesh,
We have replied to your query in detail on your email address. We hope that will be useful. We look
forward to hearing from you.
#284 by Phani on August 17, 2013 - 9:29 pm
Hi Benz,
I am having 29′ X 60′ plot in Bangalore and started house construction with help of a builder. Builder
proposed 15 columns – 15” x 9” 16mm 8 rods for each column, soil is bit loose mud. Currently builder is
making 1’ 6” concrete footing for each column in 5’ x 5’ X 6’ (w x l x b). My doubt is 1’ 6” footing is sufficient
of 3floors building?
#285 by BenzuJK on October 22, 2013 - 8:17 am
Oh my God, that is a total disaster. We have replied to your query in detail on your email address. We look
forward to hearing from you.
#286 by murty on August 18, 2013 - 7:59 am
sir,
What should be the depth of a footing for a G PLUS 4 CONSTRUCTION with 2000 sft for each floor. How
many columns are roughly required. (Considering it to be hard soil.)
#287 by BenzuJK on October 22, 2013 - 8:08 am
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Hello Murthy,
I strongly suggest that you follow the design procedures put up on the website. There is no such thumb
rule for the number of footings. That would be very wrong. Every project is different and has to be
designed carefully. I hope you got my point.
Cheers
#288 by sai on August 25, 2013 - 10:37 am
Hi Benz,
I am planning to buy a flat at a G+13 apartment complex. Soil foundation seems to be granite layer and they
have pillars every 6′ or 8′ distance. Most pillars are of 3′ x 1.5′ and some are 2.7′ x 1′
However, only few pillars have been built with 25mm iron rod, all other are mostly 16mm rod mesh.
Do you think using 16mm iron rods like this can be reliable ?
If you could categorize it as not-OK, OK, good etc. that will be really helpful for me.
thanks
sai
#289 by BenzuJK on October 22, 2013 - 8:06 am
Hello Sachin,
This looks ok but not really good.
I apologize for the delay in replying. Have you already bought the house?
#290 by Ahmed A on October 7, 2013 - 3:31 am
Hi,
I am constructing a 2-storey building with a basement, sunk 5′ below the ground level. The size of the
building is 30×30. I have excavated 5′ below the basement level with a 1mx1m trench for footing which has
hard gravel.(a) is this depth of 5′ for the footing enough? (b) what can be the dimension of the RCC column
(c) can I use 12mm steel bars-8 nos? please suggest.
#291 by BenzuJK on October 22, 2013 - 7:59 am
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Hello Mr. Ahmed,
This project needs further calculations for structural details. We have replied to your query on your email
address provided. I hope that will be useful. We look forward to hearing from you.
#292 by NIK on October 16, 2013 - 6:09 am
I m working on G+1 Sructure. I used coloumn of size 9″X9″, 9″X12″, 9″X16″. Ground strata is very good. I
need to know the footing details like its pit size,depth, mesh size, dia and no of bars etc for each coloumn.
plz help me out as soon as psbl. Thank you.
#293 by BenzuJK on October 22, 2013 - 7:52 am
Hello Nikhil,
We have replied to your query on your email address. We look forward to hearing from you.
#294 by Abdul Mubeen on October 19, 2013 - 7:03 am
steel reinforcement are not laid as straight rods on the slab crank are given, is it for alternate layers for
compression and tensile strength improvement ? what should be the minimum concrete covered on the steel
when concrete is poured.
#295 by Ahmed on October 20, 2013 - 10:39 am
Hello Sir,
We are constructing a four floor building with stilt floor for parking plus 4 floors and a pent house on a 2400
sqft plot, I would like to know the min and max steel bar size to be used by the contractor for column footing
and RCC Columns and what shall be width of the footing and column.
Note: each floor has a single 3BHK flat. Please reply.
Appreciate your support with Thanks and Regards.
Ahmed.
#296 by BenzuJK on October 22, 2013 - 7:40 am
Hello Mr. Ahmed,
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We have emailed you regarding your query. We look forward to hearing from you.
#297 by devidas jaijar on October 23, 2013 - 9:48 am
restoration of cracks in stone masonary -let me know the procedure and methodology and list of firms who
take up the such works
#298 by sankhadeep saha on October 27, 2013 - 7:23 am
Sir,
I have a query regarding my house on a plot of 800sqft. The structure doesnot have a concrete roof (has
asbestos sheet). It has nine concrete pillar but the tie beam is a raised one (the usual ones I see are under
ground). 12 inch rods have been used throughout for all the pillars and tie beam. The structure is 14 years
old. The plot is on a plain land. Presently I wish to develop my house into a two storeyed building with
concrete roof. I want to know that will it be possible to develop it keeping the existing structure in place (with
additions if any) ? Or do I need to raze the entire structure down and build it from scratch??
Thanks and regards.
Sankhadeep Saha,Kolkata.
#299 by sankhadeep saha on October 27, 2013 - 7:27 am
Sir,
In continuation to my previous comment, I think the dimension o f the rods would be 12mm and not 12inch.
Sorry for the error. Hope to hear from you.
Thanks and regards
Sankhadeep Saha,Kolkata
#300 by LYNET on November 7, 2013 - 11:13 am
Hellow sir
We are constructing a building with columns. The starter bars were 10mm in diameter and now we want to
use 12mm bars as the main bars. Is it possible? Can starter bars be smaller than the main bars? Thanx
Best regards
Lyn
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#301 by Narang Gumbo on November 15, 2013 - 9:01 am
I am constructing a G+1 building measuring 9.5 M x19 M with column size 30 cm x 30 with 6 nos 12 mm rod
with 8 mm rod for ring. Please advice, whether suitable or not?
#302 by Raju on November 21, 2013 - 7:06 am
Dear Sir ,
I am going to build a 12oo sq ft new 3 storied building on hard soil .
Here the following constuctional structures are used for building 3 storied houses .
Column base – 4 x 4 ft with 12 mm tmt ( 6 inches gap ) , 10 mm ( 4 inches gap )
Column – 4 pieces 16mm or 6 pieces 12 mm tmt bars
Beams – 2pieces 16mm + 2 pieces 12 mm tmt bars or 6 pieces 12 mm tmt bars with 16mm cranes in both .
Please inform me , which type is suitable for a 3 storied building ?
Which type of tmt bars shall I use in my house – cheap but best ?
Thank you .
#303 by EV Subhasbabu on December 11, 2013 - 6:48 am
don;t go with out proper design because there is two situations in RCC 1.Under reinforced section and the
other is over reinforced section if you provide over reinforcement the structure is not give any hints and
suddenly collapse with out any warning signs where as under reinforced member will give you sufficient
hints about its situation before collapse. this will get from design of the structure.. Best is Limit state
method. u will get minimum thick of member and appropriated qty of steel
#304 by srinibas on December 3, 2013 - 12:50 am
Hello Sir,
We are constructing a four floor building with stilt floor for parking plus 4 floors and a pent house on a 510
sqft plot, I would like to know the min and max steel bar size to be used by the contractor for column footing
and RCC Columns and what shall be width of the footing and column.
Note: each floor has a single 1BHK flat. Please reply.
Appreciate your support with Thanks and Regards.
Ahmed.
#305 by EV Subhasbabu on December 11, 2013 - 6:39 am
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The Bearing capacity of the soil is not mentioned. The minimum diameter for footing is 12mm dia depth of
footing not less than 15 inches using M25 concrete column minimum 12mm dia bar col. size 300x300mm
is sufficient footing size is 5′-0″ 5′-0″ for 100Kn/Sqm bearing capacity
#306 by Amit on December 14, 2013 - 3:53 am
Hello Sir ,
what will be the column footing size , bar for a 3 storied house on solid hard soil ? which bar should be used
in beams and columns ? the max distance between the columns are 12 ft .
Thank you for your response .
Warm Regards
Amit .
#307 by subhashree sandipta nayak on December 22, 2013 - 10:44 pm
i am going to built a building of 82’6″x21’6″ & the total wall length is 327’0″.The staircase size is 10’0″x18’0″.i
have planned to do 21nos.of column in G.F.of size 5’x5’x5′.pl kiendly instruct me how to do the cpolumn
design beam design(Rod design with drawing).with all details.pl.guide me.
#308 by Sampath Kumar on January 9, 2014 - 9:04 am
For a roof slab measuring, 13ft x 22ft with a high ceiling of 17ft, how many columns and beams are required?
Please let me know with dimensions of columns and beams.
Regards.
#309 by BenzuJK on January 15, 2014 - 9:32 pm
Hello Sampath,
Would you like to discuss your project in detail? I cannot tell you the number of columns. There are
massive calculations to be done in order to determine them for structural safety.
I look forward to hearing from you.
#310 by lawal saddiq on January 28, 2014 - 4:36 pm
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Pls help me with approach on foundation footing sizing.
#311 by Vishal on January 29, 2014 - 11:43 pm
Hello Ben ,
I am to build a G+2 building by extending and renovating a single storied building . The existing building is
with 30×30″ footing with 8mm rod , 4 pieces 12mm rods in columns ( column to column distance is not more
than 11 ‘ in the building ) , 4 pieces 12 mm and one 16mm rod as crane in the tie beam on the ground ., wall
5″ brick . But there is no beam under the roof .
Now I want to extend it to a G+2 building with larger rooms , balcony etc but don’t want to demolish the
existing building ( may break some parts of roof , floor ; but will keep the building ) .
Is it possible ? Please guide me ! I am really anxious .
#312 by BenzuJK on February 16, 2014 - 10:06 pm
On a G+2 building, load on a typical column could go upto 50 tonnes, sometimes higher or lower
depending on the building plan, column to column distance and other factors… That would mean columns
of atleast 9″ X 15″ using M20 grade concrete or higher… with a minimum of 6 bars of 12 MM. Footing size
would depend on the bearing capacity of soil. For a good soil of 25 tonnes/square meter bearing capacity,
the area of a typical footing would have to be Load/Bearing Capacity = 50/25 = 2 Square Meters.
So, I believe you current footing size and steel would be inadequate for a G+2 building. It would be very
unsafe. Please don’t do it.
#313 by Noel on February 10, 2014 - 8:57 pm
It could be better sir if you show also the design for combined footing, strap footing, mat foundation etc.
Thanks for this design.
#314 by Ramakrishnaiah on March 4, 2014 - 10:32 am
in my house construction, instead of 1:1.5:3 proportion of concrete, 1:3:4 concrete is put without proper
supervision. Now only footing work is done. site is 30×40. house is still+2 floors. there are nine columns of
size 9″X15″ and 3 columns of 9″X18″. I am worried about the strength of concrete in footing. is it sufficient?
Pls help me.
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#315 by BenzuJK on March 20, 2014 - 5:53 pm
Hello Ramakrishnaiah,
How is it even possible to know whether the footings are sufficient? A structural designer would assess the
total load coming onto the footings, then determining the size and depth of footings based on load and
safe bearing capacity of soil. There is no way for me to ascertain any of that.
#316 by raji joseph on August 14, 2014 - 12:47 pm
what is the difference between floating slab at plinth level and basement
#317 by raji joseph on August 14, 2014 - 12:49 pm
if any possibility of unequal settlement due to filled earth what is the requirements needed?
and what is the difference between floating slab at plinth level and basement
#318 by Mahantesh on August 15, 2014 - 10:56 pm
Hello,
Hall Size is 20′X10′, and bed rooms size is 13′X10′ , foundation is 8 feet. please advice how much could be
the plinth beam size will do ?
#319 by Raphael on August 19, 2014 - 8:42 pm
Hello Sir, could you advise me on the minimum number of beams that could carry a slab in a room of 66
square meters if there are eight coloumns distributed right round along the walls? Note that the slab would
serve as the floor of a classroom for thirty children of 12 years of age each.
#320 by Malaika on September 14, 2014 - 2:45 pm
can anyone tell me how to take the effect of vibration on a footing design.
#321 by manzoor on September 15, 2014 - 11:13 am
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Dear benz .I purchased a two story building but foundation is without column it 15 year old building can you
tell me it is safe for long time year.
#322 by BenzuJK on November 25, 2014 - 10:11 pm
Well, it depends if it is RCC structure or if the structure has load bearing walls.
#323 by Syed Anas on September 21, 2014 - 9:53 pm
This website is very helpful, thank you very much,
I have one question please, what type of footing is best for residential building G+1,2 and 3
Tapper or Flat footing
Best regards
#324 by balaganesh on September 24, 2014 - 9:29 pm
How to design a square pile or design procedure for pile foundation
#325 by Wasim on September 30, 2014 - 9:18 am
Hello sir,
i’m designing a building 50’x90′(G+2) so can u plz advise me that what should be size of foundation(lxbxh) &
also what should be depth of foundation below G.L?
#326 by Chanti on October 6, 2014 - 11:08 am
Dear sir,
I have one request, that is I have 26’X65′ site, the soil is black cotton soil (I mean paddy cultivation land), I
would like to construct three storied residential building at the size of 20’X35′ can u arrange foundation
design parameters please.
Thanking you
#327 by Joy Koyu on October 16, 2014 - 2:39 am
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Respected Sir
I have plot of land 50×80 feet having steep terrain in lose soil. I want to construct 4 storied building. Kindly
help me foundation design. Thanking you Sir
Regards,
Joy Koyu
#328 by Chellappan on October 16, 2014 - 10:46 am
Dear Chanti,
The process of constructing any house will be first to prepare a drawing, it should contain the size of the
building such as Hall, Bed room, Kitchen, etc.,. The roof height and the number of floors also should plan.
The details should be given to a structural engineer to do the design and fix up the column position to
transfer the safe load to the foundation. Soil testing report also very important to decide the type of
foundation and depth of foundation. Please consult a Structural Engineer to design the building and live
safely. self medication will kill the people similarly it is not advised to construct a building with out involving
the professionals.
Thanks & Regards
A.Chellappan, ME ( Str )., MIAStructE.,
Registered Structural Engineer
BCC/BL-3.6/S.E & Member of IASE M-127
#329 by Puneeth. A on October 20, 2014 - 12:12 am
Dear sir
Suggest me a number and size of piller n beam to build a duplex in 20*30 site . soil is having good strength
please give me full detail like length n type of pillar n dista between them.
#330 by Puneeth. A on October 20, 2014 - 8:08 am
Can u suggest me thickness of outside n inside wall to 20*30 site duplex
#331 by BenzuJK on October 21, 2014 - 12:25 pm
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If it is an RCC framed structure, the walls don’t carry any load. But for protection from natural elements like
rain, summer heat and some insulation from winter cold, it is recommended to build 9″ thick external walls.
Internal walls are partition walls, so a 4″ thick wall should suffice.
#332 by Dries on November 6, 2014 - 5:24 pm
Good day Sir
We are constructing a steel undercover storage 39′ 5″ x 98′ 5″. Consisting out of 16 columns (8 front & 8
back) 19′ 6″ high with corrugated roof. Please advise the size plinths we need to cast for the 4 hold down
bolts of each of the I beams (8″ x 6″ 8mm thick) used for the columns in the construction. The soil where this
storage area will be erected contain no rock content. A forklift will be operated on the floor with up to 20 ton
loads. Please advise the reinforcement required for the floor and the distribution thereof. Thank you.
#333 by krish on December 1, 2014 - 11:03 pm
3.5 meters by 3×5 meters
ground is only rock can we just put concerete
and buld 2 story.
#334 by BenzuJK on July 16, 2015 - 6:28 pm
No you cant. It has to be RCC even if it is all rocky.
#335 by Amit Mitra on December 25, 2014 - 2:05 pm
Dear Sir,
We have faced a problem that our civil foundation diameter is 50 mm less than that of our equipment base
plate outer diameter.
Please advise what can be done to eradicate this problem.
Regards,
Amit Mitra
#336 by RAVI.M.S on January 23, 2015 - 10:32 pm
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Sir, i have to construct a framed building in a soil of SBC of 100Tons/m2. The load from the coloumns is
approximately 50Tons/m2. The footing size calculated is nearly 0.50m2. Is is practically possible. Please
inform the minimum width of footing if any.
#337 by BenzuJK on February 18, 2015 - 12:47 pm
Your assumptions are wrong. Never in my life have I seem any design of foundation with SBC of 100 Tons
per square meter. Even the hardest, stable, rocky soil is assumed to have a SBC of 35 Tons per meter
square. That is the maximum.
The minimum size of any foundation, even for a 1 storey house, should be 1 square meter. That is the
minimum. You go up from there…
#338 by nitu on January 31, 2015 - 7:12 am
What will happen if a double Storied RCC building is built on a soft soil with isolated footing.
#339 by BenzuJK on February 18, 2015 - 12:38 pm
There will be no danger to the structure if the design is good. If you have determined the safe bearing
capacity of the soil, and know the maximum load on the footing, then you can determine the size of the
footing that has to be used.
There might be some differential settlement between different columns, but not enough to be a major
issue.
#340 by Gerald on February 9, 2015 - 11:54 pm
Hi is it alright to use a hybrid type – Combination of load bearing and framing?
#341 by BenzuJK on February 14, 2015 - 3:10 pm
Yes, there is no harm is using a combination of load bearing and framing structure.
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#342 by otung on March 28, 2015 - 2:15 pm
sir,
Depth of Footing 6′, footing Mesh size 5’x5′ of 12mm rod, column 16mm 4nos and 12mm 4nos. column c/c
maximum 4mtr. soil not hard but river course soil. is it suitable for G+3 ?
I’m confussed
#343 by Kumar on April 19, 2015 - 12:00 pm
I wish to construct 30ft*25ft size first storey on the 40ft*25ft ground floor building. Ground floor is constrcuted
without pillars.
1) how do I determine if foundation is enough to rasie first floor without pillars
2) possibility of laying pillars now.
#344 by BenzuJK on July 16, 2015 - 5:51 pm
This job would not be possible without a trained structural engineer. Please do not take the risk of doing it
yourself. The consequences could be dangerous.
#345 by Amin on April 22, 2015 - 8:51 pm
I am planning to construct G+2 on a 30×40 plot.it was a agriculture land filled with loose soil for surface
levelling.Would like to know if 9 columns 12″×9″ at a c/c distance of 8.5 feet with a footing of 3 ‘×3′ at a depth
of 5’ is enough to with stand building load.
#346 by BenzuJK on July 15, 2015 - 5:29 pm
No it is not. It is a very bad design. I would suggest you consult a civil engineer. Doing it on your own
without any technical knowledge is dangerous.
#347 by surendra on April 22, 2015 - 11:05 pm
sir i want to know that can a rcc slab 3.05m x 5.80m size 15cm thick reinforced with 10mm dia bars 15cm c/c
spacing both in main & distribution is already casted . Now i want to construct first storey above it . accoding
to my design i have to cast a 23cm thick brick wall 3.05m long 3.60m high above that rcc slab of ground
floor . there is not any beam below that slab to carry load of brick wall . Can i construct that wall with giving a
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beam 23cm wide & 15cm thick with 4 bars 12 mm dia and 2 bars 16 mm dia to withstand load of that wall &
slab above it .
#348 by gunju on April 23, 2015 - 10:42 am
explain me about pile foundation in deeply..
#349 by Nityanand Nayak on April 26, 2015 - 12:46 pm
Sir, One of civil Engineers suggested that house with Ground Floor and First floor can build without coloumn
& Beam. Floor area is aprox 1600 Sq. Ft.(2 BHK). Ground is hard. Red stone is using for foundation and
wall. Wall width is 9 inch.
He suggest that putting one beam at ground, next beam at plinth level and third beam at lintel level and
giving slab load on wall. Pl suggest about this design.
#350 by manoj on May 10, 2015 - 12:36 am
dear sir,
i would like to construct a home at kerala ekm dist near munammbam. my plan consisting 150m2 plinth area
and 90 m2 for f floor , the soil is ordinary black soil the maximum span of the wall is 4.5 mtr,height 3.1 mtr
and using brck/block wall thickness 24 cm after plastering, if i am go through rcc framed structure what are
the size of column,and footing slabs, depth of the footing, depth of the footing slab,and ground beam
size,and its rebar sizes, if providing lintel belt, is it required top beam connecting all the columns below the
rcc slab . awaiting your valuable reply
with regards
manoj
#351 by Ganga on May 12, 2015 - 1:27 pm
can anyone please tell me do we need to consider soil load into account while designing column footing?
#352 by Nijas on May 31, 2015 - 11:56 am
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Haiii,
I am a fresh one in this field, can u explane how to do footing ???
#353 by Risab on June 5, 2015 - 7:53 am
I am constructing a residential G+1 building. I have given the work of construction to a contractor. Due to soil
having lower bearing capacity, my contractor advised me to bore well upto 10 to 12 ft. and then fill the same
with white sand. He told that this process is called ‘sand piling’ and it will increase the bearing capacity of
soil.
My question is- Whether this ‘sand pilling’ is sufficient for G+1 building having area of (1200+1200) sqft.?
Kindly reply.
#354 by BenzuJK on July 9, 2015 - 9:01 pm
I cannot answer that question since I do not have all the details of the site type and its topograpgy. I would
recommend that you consult a local structural engineer to help you out with calculations. It is a big risk you
are taking.
#355 by Santiago on June 13, 2015 - 9:01 pm
This site is very helpful
#356 by Trevor Mike on July 19, 2015 - 2:40 pm
I am designing a rc footing for a 500cm bolted steel resevior tank raised 15m high on 9 steel columns. I have
the geotechnical report, the calculations for the weights of the tank materials and the water when full, I need
advice on how to proceed?.
#357 by Prakaasam on August 15, 2015 - 8:49 pm
I have to erect one Billboard 80′ high 4′ dia M.S pole and V-shaped displays 40’x40′ each with a distance of
20′ on the rear end of V.Approximate weight in total 34 tonnes.The SBC is 30 t/mt and wind loads around
44m/sec.This is in India Hyderabad.The pole will be immedialely adjacent to the R.C.C retaining wall and the
foudation has to be in the opposite direction away from the retaining wall which runs 30′ under natural
ground level.
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#358 by bilal on September 18, 2015 - 7:48 am
Please explain we need to construct another storey over a house size 65’*22′ already rooms constructed are
smaller then the rooms we will construct on the first floor, kindly explain how many columns we required
#359 by keerthi on October 3, 2015 - 1:38 am
Hi,
can anyone explain how the construction goes for a footing of size 5′ x 5′ , depth – 18″ with dia of 10mm steel
at 5″ double mat. what is this double mat in this footing construction??
#360 by Rajesh Nayak on October 14, 2015 - 1:23 pm
can you explain, how to design the footing i mean depth,width,height
#361 by Anand Rao on November 29, 2015 - 8:23 am
Dear Mr.BenzuJK
My architect proposes 12 Nos column in 4×3 grid (4 columns along 40′ side of plot and 3 columns along the
30′ side of the plot). Of the 12 columns, 6 Nos of columns are of 9″x9″ on the outer right & Back sides of the
40’x30′ plot size balance 6 Nos columns are 9″x12″ (3 columns of the left side and 3 nos of the center line of
plot. The Reinforcement size suggested is 12 mm – 4 Nos with 6mm stirrups/ties @ 200mm c/c distance. I
plan to build GF + 1 Floor presently and add one floor later.
The column raft is 4’x4′ for all columns. Thickness of raft-slab not givecn by architect, reinforcement details of
raft not given by architect.
1st floor and roof Slabs planned to be 100mm thick.
Is the building design safe? I have asked the builder to hold construction till I get some confirmation.
Thanks in advance for any guidance.
#362 by BenzuJK on December 15, 2015 - 8:42 pm
There are many factors that determine the size and reinforcement of columns and footings. There is no
simple answer. There is a procedure to calculate axial load and bending stresses on columns. Once you
know that, you decide on the strength of concrete you would want to use. Depending on that, you can
design the columns.
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Footing size and steel depends on the safe bearing capacity of soil. Same thing, no simple answer.
What your architect has proposed seems safe from my experience for a G+1 building. But there are some
unknowns too.
#363 by Hanumesh Hiremani on December 20, 2015 - 5:34 pm
Dear Sir,
How to identify the type of footing to be constructed based on foundation area and plot area…?
#364 by Murali on December 27, 2015 - 11:07 pm
Sir,
I have started my two storey house, The plot was Excavated about 1.5m from Original ground level. The
problem is that the strength of the soil is reduced. It is see that red earth is dust type. What are the provisions
i have adopted here for a good foundation?
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Foundation is the base of any structure. Without a solid foundation, the structure would not hold for
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bearing capacity of the soil, the larger the load it could safely carry.
Foundations are basically divided into Shallow Foundations and Deep Foundations.
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In this article, we are going discuss the step by step guide to Column Footing Design for a shallow
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Reinforced Concrete Footings
Footing comprises of the lower end of a column, pillar or wall which i enlarged with projecting courses
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so as to distribute load.
Footings shall be designed to sustain the applied loads, moments and forces and the induced
reactions and to ensure that any settlement which may occur shall be as uniform as possible and the
safe bearing capacity of soil is not exceeded.
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In sloped or stepped footings, the effective cross-section in compression shall be limited by the area
above the neutral plane, and the angle of slope or depth and location of steps should be such that the
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Formwork
design requirements are satisfied at every section.
Design Procedure of Column Footings | Foundation Design
Here is a step-by-step guide to Column Footing Design:
Formwork
Challenges ? We
Have The Solutions !
Column Footing Plan and Section | Foundation Design
Step 1
Area required for footing
Square = B = (w+w1)/P0
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Where, Po = safe bearing capacity of soil
w1 = self weight of footing
w = self weight of footing
For Rectangle = b/d = B/D
A=bxd
Net upward pressure on the footing
q/p = W/A
Step 2
Bending Moment
Critical section for maximum bending moment is taken at the face of the column
For a square footing,
Mxx = q x B/8 (L – a)2
Mxx = q x L/8 (B – b)2
Myy = q x B/8 (L – a)2
Step 3
To fix the depth of the footing shall be greater of the following:
Depth from bending moment consideration
d = √(M/Qb)
where, Q = moment of required factor
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Depth from shear consideration
Check for one way shear
Check for two way shear or punching shear
Critical shear for one way shear is considered at a distance ‘d’ from face of the column.
Shear force, V = qB [ ½(B – b) d]
Nominal shear stress, Tv = k . Tc
Tc =
0.16√fck
Step 4
Check for two way shear
Critical section for two way shear is considered at a distance at a distance d/2 from all the faces of the
column.
SF, V = q [ B2 – (b + d)2]
SF, V = q [L x B – (a + d)(b + d)]
Nominal shear stress, Tv = V/2((a+d)(b+d)d) ——- {for a rectangle
Tv =
V/4((b+d)d)
Tv =
k . Tc
k = 0.5 + β > 1
Tc =
——- {for a square
; [Beta β = ratio of sides of the column
0.16√fck
Area of steel, Ast = M/((σ)stjd)
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COMMENTS (364)
RELATED POSTS
#1 by Mr.atiq on June 17, 2010 - 12:41 am
salam & hi,
can u explain me … that the proceture to calculate total load of single story building + how to determine the
area for (width of foundation , depth of foundation , thickness of block & number of off sets)…
atiq….
#2 by BenzuJK on June 17, 2010 - 3:05 am
Hi Atiq,
Foundation design is a complex process. It depends on the total load on a particular foundation as well as
the Safe Bearing Capacity of the soil.
For example, a single storey building foundation with hard soil, where total load on footing does not
exceed 300kN, a footing pit of 1M X 1M at a suitable depth upto hard strata would be sufficient. The pit
would have a 6″ layer of PCC. On top of that, you would place a mesh of steel consisting of 8 rods each of
10mm diameter on both sides. Then place the column steel frame on top of it and tie the column bars to
the steel mesh. Pour 6″ of concrete and let it harden. Then you can go for either tapered footing or block
footing. Total thickness of block should be 15″, including the 6″ you of RCC poured earlier. So, for a single
storey building whose load does not exceed 300 kN, and the soil strata is hard, the above given design
should be sufficient.
#3 by Asit Baran Saha on January 3, 2011 - 3:13 am
The concrete should be poured in one go.
#4 by bharat bhushan jindal on March 20, 2011 - 5:20 am
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If somebody don’t tie the column reinforcement to the mesh below then what will be the possible type of
failures.
#5 by BenzuJK on March 29, 2011 - 2:13 pm
Never observed any such failures in structures. So, am unaware of that. Maybe Google Search might
help…
Practically speaking, column reinforcement is embedded in many feet of concrete. Ensuing footing
would be weak, but I doubt if it would fail.
Cheers!
#6 by Amba on March 15, 2012 - 1:48 am
Yes! you are correct! If at all the workman ship does not satisfy , like the plumb of the
column/building), there are no failures observed.
#7 by Ajaynder on August 26, 2011 - 1:09 am
There is no failure but the eccentricity of the column reinforcement might be disturbed, thats why its
important to tie the reinforcement after alligning to the center line.
#8 by BenzuJK on August 27, 2011 - 3:58 am
Hello Ajaynder,
When the eccentricity of the column reinforcement gets disturbed, it leads to structural cracks which
results into structural failure. Structural failure does not just mean that “the structure would collapse”
but it also means that the structural components like beams or columns in a structure are damaged
which affects their strength considerably.
Cheers:)
BenzuJK
#9 by Yash on December 5, 2011 - 1:26 am
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If u do not tie your column to the bottom mesh… then there will be joint failure (probably cracks in
diagonal direction will arise that is shear failure) between column and the other member.
#10 by meenakshi on September 20, 2012 - 2:32 am
bharat bhushan jindal :
if we didn’t tie the longitudinal reinforcements of the column,then the bars may
buckle and column will tilt..i hope u got ur ans
#11 by kuttan on June 17, 2011 - 3:21 am
Hi Benz,
I am bit tensed aftre readiing this article. My 2 story building (1300+1200 sqft) foundation design
consists a mesh of with 8mm rods and column steel frame of 12mm. Is this is sifficient for this building?
there are around 17 columns in the foundation with beams connecting all the columns. Reammy
appreciated your reply on this ASAP.
Sasi
#12 by BenzuJK on June 17, 2011 - 3:36 am
Hello Sasi,
8mm rods can be used for the footing mesh. The number of steel rods change with the thickness of
the mesh. So the mesh being 8mm or 10mm is not an issue. It all depends on the load coming on a
particular footing. The load on every column is different depending on which we calculate the total
quantity of steel required. If your engineer is qualified enough then don’t worry, he will take care of it.
Your building will be safe.
#13 by kuttan on June 20, 2011 - 4:00 am
Hello Benz,
Thanks for the quick reply. Just one more quiry. The beam size connecting all the columns are
30cmx20cm with avg span of around 4mts. Is it sufficeint dimension? just wanted to have second
opinion. Also whether we need to extend the column pillars to to the roof level? My architect says its
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not required. Instead we can have 15 cm concrete belt with some additional rods running through out
the plinth. Please advice.
#14 by BenzuJK on June 25, 2011 - 10:31 pm
Hello,
This shall be fine. You can proceed with the construction. I don’t think there would be any problem.
All the best!
#15 by kuttan on July 6, 2011 - 5:15 am
Hi Benz,
Thanks for your valuable advice. May need your help going forward. If you don’t mind can I get email
id? Please reply to [email protected]
#16 by BenzuJK on July 6, 2011 - 11:00 pm
Hello Mr. Kuttan,
You can always keep in touch with me through my site. You can ask any questions that have
regarding the construction field. Will try me best to help you whenever possible.
Benzu
#17 by Romal on January 5, 2015 - 10:47 am
Dear Sir,
I have 4 story building the foundation slab for each column is 1m2 and deepness is 70cm2 and beams
connected in foundation each column 40x40cm with 6 each of 14mm rebar . it has totally 15 columns
the size of the columns are 30x40cm each column has used 8 each of 16mm rebar and the soil of the
fundation is strong. now please advice can i build one other story at the top of it to became 5 story.
THANKS
#18 by peris on July 6, 2012 - 1:05 am
hi,
am having problems in calculating foundation loadings.Are in a position to help?
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Regards,
Peris
#19 by BenzuJK on July 6, 2012 - 11:52 am
Hello Peris,
Guide to building design | Structural Design
#20 by amitava kar on July 10, 2010 - 8:25 am
I need to design a storey building how the load calculations r carried out that is coming in the column can pls
tell
#21 by gunasekaran on March 5, 2012 - 4:50 am
how to make the design of foundation,footing, collum, beam, slab @and it tk.which the bar using for design
in the structure.
#22 by BenzuJK on March 7, 2012 - 1:29 am
Please check out:
Building Design and Construction | Structural Design guide
#23 by sateesh on July 20, 2010 - 11:31 pm
Hi,
Please explain me the design proedure of Generator building. what are the loads i have to consider.
Thanks,
Sateesh
#24 by BenzuJK on July 28, 2010 - 2:06 am
Generator Building is a place where heavy machinery is placed. Firstly, you will have to study the kind of
machinery that will be used in the Generator Building. Only then can you estimate the load on the building.
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Once you know the average weight of the machines and the number of machines that your design
supports you can then move on with the load calculations. More than the live load of the workers or
technicians, consideration of the dead load of the machinery plays a vital in the design of Generator
Building.
#25 by ikoto on May 12, 2011 - 5:49 am
can footing depth vary in same builing
#26 by deepa on August 3, 2010 - 3:13 am
Its good to find the whole design part in this if we hve images of various kinds of footing it wl be useful.
#27 by rajendra on September 18, 2010 - 11:47 pm
what will happen in footing if we provide larger dia long side and placed down and small dia to short side and
placed above ?
#28 by Mani on November 1, 2010 - 3:58 am
is Achorage requried for a 6feet x 6feet x 1.3feet footing. also kindly advise whether anchorage required for
columns, plinth beams, and tie beams. kindly advise.
#29 by vinod on November 18, 2010 - 12:57 am
why we do grouting at the column base plate??
#30 by BenzuJK on May 21, 2011 - 10:22 am
Grouting at the column base plate helps in strengthening and stiffening of the column base. This could
help in avoiding flexural and structural failure.
#31 by SANJAY KUMAR on December 19, 2010 - 7:08 pm
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dear sir,,
i want to build up a flat RCC roof for roofing area of 43′.4″x31’3″. so i need the rod calculation formula and
also the roofing diagram.
#32 by Suman Dutta on December 22, 2010 - 6:14 am
Dear sir
I want to build up a home of two storied building , area 30’x25′. so I need the rod calculation formula and also
roofing diagram.
#33 by Pritam Roy on December 23, 2010 - 8:25 am
Dear sir
I want to build up a home of two storied building , area 22?x52?. so I need the rod calculation formula and
also roofing, foundation,beam, column diagram.
#34 by rajendravkurup on March 3, 2011 - 12:35 am
Pritam Roy :
Dear sir
I want to build up a home of two storied building , area 22?x52?. so I need the rod calculation formula and
also roofing, foundation,beam, column diagram.
#35 by BenzuJK on March 29, 2011 - 2:27 pm
Wouldn’t it be a better idea to contact a professional? It would be safer and cheaper to build according
to a perfect design of an experienced professional.
I know an experienced Civil Engineer who is also an Architect, Javed Kachchhi.
http://www.architectjaved.com
#36 by Riji Sajan on December 28, 2010 - 1:01 am
please explain the the design three storey building column footing,plinth beam roof slab etc.
#37 by Ram Sah on December 29, 2010 - 7:55 am
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i need details load, vibration and wind force calculation tank foundation as folloing:
1.0 Foundation size = 8500 mm x 3200mm and need height
2.0 need re-bar datails fourmula
3.0 tank weight = 13 ton
i hope my request will receive kindly consideration by you..
Regards
Ram
#38 by Aseged on December 30, 2010 - 6:56 am
Hello
I am designing a G+1 Residential building that rests on a rock and the maximum column load I have got is
200KN. Since it is difficult to excavate the rock what is the possible solution and what minimum dimension of
footing shall I use
#39 by Asit Baran Saha on January 3, 2011 - 3:05 am
Hi
pl. elaborate method of design of a combined footing connecting more than two cols. in line
#40 by Mano on January 3, 2011 - 5:41 am
can I give me an example for plinth beam design for a building foundation
#41 by fanka kongnyuy on January 11, 2011 - 4:02 am
sir,
i wish to know why it is that when designing footings reinforced bars as placed closed to where the pillar will
stand
#42 by fanka kongnyuy on January 11, 2011 - 4:05 am
why do we determined the bearing capacity of the soil for foundation design
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#43 by hari prasad on January 26, 2011 - 6:38 pm
I want to know waht is the load bering capacity of the rcc roof slab of 150mm thick simply supported
#44 by rk khurana on February 7, 2011 - 9:17 pm
sir/madam,
hi, I wish to know if in old structure foundation bolts and concret on surface damaged so to renew the
foundation for steel structure. what can be done?
#45 by Ashish on February 10, 2011 - 12:30 am
what is the technical name of column between foundation footing and plinth beam .Is it stub column?
Ashish
#46 by BenzuJK on May 21, 2011 - 7:49 am
Hello Ashish,
The column between foundation and plinth beam is called a stub column. It is squarish in shape. The
dimensions of the column changes above the plinth beam…
#47 by Kasi.Maheswara rao on February 10, 2011 - 1:35 am
Hi,
We have one old building without columns slab rest on brick wall. It’s constructed before 10 years, now walls
are formed cracks the building is in oil and gas plant no of times wall chipping and reconstructed for windows
and Ac opening pls suggest the building is suitable for living or need to dismantled
#48 by rajendravkurup on March 3, 2011 - 12:50 am
dear sir,
i want to design a pre engineering structure on top top of r c c framed design. size is 120m x 31m. please
help me to find out how many columns and footing size to find out. load of pre engineering structure is 60
ton.
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#49 by raghu on March 3, 2011 - 10:58 pm
can i have the eccentric footing design procedure
#50 by Labannya on March 9, 2011 - 11:16 pm
is 5″ brick wall safe for supporting a RCC slab? if not then why?
#51 by BenzuJK on March 10, 2011 - 4:04 am
Hello Labannya,
Supporting a RCC slab on a 5″ brick is unsafe and not practical. It has to have a Column and beam
structure above which RCC slab could be casted.
The reason is that there are heavy chances that the brick wall might slip which would lead to the collapse
of the structure. I hope would find the answer helpful.
#52 by bharat bhushan jindal on March 20, 2011 - 5:23 am
Hello….
what about the supporting of slab of shorter side span of 20 ft on brick columns.
#53 by BenzuJK on March 29, 2011 - 2:10 pm
You can do that. A large brick column or a fat brick wall… But please consult with a local engineer for
accurate calculations…
Cheers!
#54 by Sheeja on March 22, 2011 - 10:41 am
Sir,
I would like to know the follwing for the calculation bearing pressure below a footing, to know whether the
pressure is below the safe bearing pressure of soil.
1. The unit weight of RCC below ground level to be taken is 25 KN/m2 or (25-15) KN/m2, where 25 is the
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unit weight of RCC and 15 is the unit weight of soil.
2. Whether weight of soil above footing, i.e, weight of backfilling to be taken.
#55 by BenzuJK on March 29, 2011 - 2:09 pm
I didn’t understand your question. From what I could understand,
Weight of backfilling is negligible. I won’t affect the footing much… 15 kN/m2 is not much, when a typical
building load per square meter can reach above 1000 kN/m2. Even for a simple 3-storeyed structure,
loads on columns routinely cross 500 kN/m2
I believe a RCC design book would help you…
Cheers!
#56 by Vicky on March 31, 2011 - 8:56 pm
what should be the design load to be taken for the footing design of a single storey, two storey, and 3 storey
residential building ?
#57 by Thomas on April 6, 2011 - 12:03 pm
I want to replace 3- 6×6 bearing posts in the basement of a 3 story wood structure. They are currently sitting
on 2×8 wood on an existing 1-2 inch old concrete slab floor. I want to put new footings under posts. I’m using
6000 psi concrete mix, what size footing width x length x thickness should they be, and configuration of
rebar?
#58 by vijay on April 22, 2011 - 9:17 pm
what will the column footing size genraly taken in 3storied resedential building
#59 by BenzuJK on April 24, 2011 - 4:44 am
Hello Vijay,
The column footing size taken for a three storied building depends on the spans i.e. column to column
distance. Generally the size of the column footing is taken as 4’6″x5′ for 4m c/c
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#60 by tirumala on April 30, 2011 - 4:15 am
other than main and distribution reinforcement any other re bars will be there in footings
#61 by BenzuJK on May 1, 2011 - 4:20 am
Hello Tirumala,
There are no other type of reinforcement bars in footings apart from main and distribution bars.
Cheers:)
#62 by P.cHHETRI on May 3, 2011 - 10:37 pm
I am designing 3 storeyed building using staad pro, and sap software, I have probelem in defining load
combinations. Can anyone one help me out..
#63 by Ashok R.Sharma on May 11, 2011 - 9:09 am
Hello,
How to calculate the total load will come on footing?
#64 by BenzuJK on May 21, 2011 - 7:25 am
Four loads are to be considered in order to measure total load on the footing:
1) Self load of the column x Number of floors
2) Self load of beams x Number of floors
3) Load of walls coming onto the column
4) Total Load on slab (Dead load + Live load)
Benzujk
#65 by Imtiaz on May 20, 2011 - 11:11 am
Very good
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#66 by srinivas on June 8, 2011 - 2:10 am
Sir, i constructed a single storey building, build up area is 900 sq.feet, the soil is hard and rocky, the depth of
the footing is 6 feet, column footing size is 4’x4’feet, number of columns are 9, each column size is 12’x9′,
rods used in column are four 16mm and two 12mm. plinth beam tie up with all eight columns one column is
isolated, it is in parking area ( the rooms are 2 feet height compared to parking area ).
i would like to know plinth beam is really required for that isolated column and how many floors can i
construct on this foundation. please give your valuable opinion.
thanking you,
srinivas.
#67 by BenzuJK on June 17, 2011 - 12:09 am
Hello Srinivas,
Firstly, you need a plinth beam to tie the isolated column because if you dont do so, it might result into
bending of column resulting in collapse.
4’x4′ footing size is pretty small. Your column steel design is good. If the column c/c are not more than 12′
than you could go for G+3 without any hesitation.
I hope the answer was helpful.
Benzujk
#68 by Ringwang on December 22, 2011 - 2:14 am
please can u tel me what is G+3. all your answer are very usefull
#69 by Abdul on September 27, 2012 - 11:20 pm
what does G+3 or G+2really means? i am confused..its actually new term for me..thanks
#70 by khan on June 11, 2011 - 1:06 pm
what is the difference between one way shear and two way shear?
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is there two shear in any other RCC member apart from footing?
thank you
#71 by BenzuJK on June 16, 2011 - 11:58 pm
One way and two way shear is found in beams and columns too but punching shear is only evident in
between a column and a footing.
I hope it helped.
Benzu
#72 by khan on June 11, 2011 - 1:08 pm
what is the difference between one way shear and two way shear?
thank you
#73 by Bassel on June 13, 2011 - 12:43 am
Dear Sir,
in case of having 3 pillars supported to on founation in triangle posetion, can please provide me the hence of
the design in this case
Thanks
Bassel
#74 by khan on June 15, 2011 - 12:38 pm
what is the main difference between one way shear and two way or punching shear,when we have such
shear in buildings?
thank u
#75 by BenzuJK on June 16, 2011 - 11:56 pm
Hello Khan,
One way shear means stress coming onto the structural members in the horizontal direction from one side.
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It generally causes cracks in the RCC members. Two way shear is said to occur when the horizontal
stresses occur from either sides of the members causing it to crack or result in crushing of the structural
members if not designed properly.
Punching shear
It generally occurs between a column and a footing. The column tries to punch itself inside the footing
because of the excessive stress on it. This could cause weak joints between columns and footings and
also lead to structural failure.
#76 by mohan kc on June 20, 2011 - 9:24 pm
hello, i wanna know the design procedure of doglegged staircase with rcc arrangement
#77 by BenzuJK on June 25, 2011 - 9:13 am
Hello Mohan,
Check this link on Design of RCC Staircase
Guide to design of RCC staircase
#78 by tona.ahmed on June 29, 2011 - 10:11 pm
thanks for the post. I want to design the reinforcement for upward (negative) reaction. (As it happens in
Factory shed where both positive and negative reactions should be check.)
need a technical help.
#79 by Softy on July 5, 2011 - 6:46 pm
If somebody don’t tie the column reinforcement to the mesh below then what will be the possible type of
failures.What should be the design load to be taken for the footing design of a single storey, two storey, and
3 storey residential building ? I hope you can answer all my questions.
#80 by BenzuJK on July 6, 2011 - 11:05 pm
Hello,
Tying the mesh to the column reinforcement keeps the foundation and column tied to each other which
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results in its stability and strength. Structural cracks might appear if one fails to do so.
As i have already explained earlier, four loads are to be considered in order to measure total load
on the footing:
1) Self load of the column x Number of floors
2) Self load of beams x Number of floors
3) Load of walls coming onto the column
4) Total Load on slab (Dead load + Live load)
I hope I have made it clear.
Benzujk
#81 by MANOJ on July 6, 2011 - 9:53 pm
Hi,
i have to construct a house which has houses on both sides. what is the design for foundation and columns
with out disturbing the sides of other houses. the critical situation is that i cannot afford space between the
walls.
#82 by kuttan on July 7, 2011 - 5:03 am
Hi Benz,
Thanks for the clarifications on earlier comments. I have my foundation ready now. Initially I planned for the
red bricks for building the walls. Now changed it to cement blocks with MSand for plastering. What are the
things I need to be careful while using the cement blocks with M Sand?
#83 by BenzuJK on July 10, 2011 - 3:19 am
Hello Kuttan,
The only care you will have to take while constructing your walls with cement blocks is checking the
alignment of the walls. A wall with cement blocks is more prone to collapse as compared to the red brick
walls if the alignment is not proper.
#84 by cabrin on July 8, 2011 - 12:42 am
Please am requesting for the specification regarding pad foundation
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#85 by hari on July 12, 2011 - 7:41 am
which structure is more safe & cheap in two story building.
1. load bearing walls (B.B).
2. frame structure.
#86 by BenzuJK on July 13, 2011 - 4:45 am
Hello Hari,
Preferably, you should go for Framed Structures and avoid Load bearing structures. Load bearing
structure is safe for a two story building but framed structure would be the safest. Though there is a little
difference between the construction costs but keeping in mind the long term usage, one must go for
Framed Structures.
Also, the disadvantage of going for Load bearing walls for a two story building is that the walls get thicker
and the inner space decreases. Since land has become so costly, going for a framed structure would be a
sensible choice.
#87 by S. S. Ahmed on July 25, 2011 - 12:36 am
Dear Sir,
I would request you to advise me about the foundation plan. what type and size of foundation required to
carry out the 300Ton weight?
#88 by fazil on July 26, 2011 - 3:45 am
Dear sir,
in a school building some of the footings are coming over a sloping rock.here the strata is hard but the slope
may leads to slipping of footing .so wat will be the possible solution that i want to follow?
#89 by BenzuJK on August 20, 2011 - 12:14 am
Hello Fazil,
The construction can be very well executed in a rocky terrain. You should keep one thing in mind while
constructing on a rocky and slopy terrain; the rock which is being used for laying the foundation is not a
loose rock, this could lead to structural failure. But if the rock is hard and solid but has a slope, then you
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need not worry about it. It would not affect the strength of the construction. I suggest, before you plan on
initiating the construction, you should go for land surveying and get the important details which will help
you figure out what kind of foundation is to be laid and if the construction is feasible in such a site. If you
have any further questions regarding the construction, you are most welcome….
#90 by naseer on August 6, 2011 - 5:07 pm
How can I design three storey building
#91 by BenzuJK on August 9, 2011 - 9:18 am
Hello Naseer,
Check these articles. They may be of help to you.
Load calculations for foundation design
Guide to Foundation design
Cheers:)
#92 by M.Thirumurugan. on August 13, 2011 - 11:45 pm
Dear madam/sir
I strat next month my house work.house area is 1300 Sqft.kindly request to yoy please send footing and
column sizes and reinforcement details and distance of every columns and roof slab thickness and
reinforcement details. house size is 9m*12m
Thanks and Regards
M.Thirumurugan.
#93 by BenzuJK on August 18, 2011 - 12:45 am
I would kindly suggest you to contact a certified Civil Engineer for the work.
Check: http://www.architectjaved.com
Mr.Javed is an experienced Architect, civil engineer and an Interior designer.
Email: [email protected]
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#94 by anuj on August 24, 2011 - 11:18 pm
how can i calculate column loads????
it would be very nice if you can give me some reference and your ideas
#95 by Nilesh Khorasiya on August 31, 2011 - 6:16 am
Sir,
As a general practice, we used to make Starter (of approx. 100mm ht.) for column formwork. But, from some
expert, it is said that ht. of starter would be of 500mm ht. as per standard.
Could you pl. explain the exact mathods.
Thanks & Regards….
#96 by gopal singh on September 12, 2011 - 11:40 pm
dear sir,
I would like to ask you that below o.oomtr lvl should a part of colm be considered as footing,as it is written in
chinese code.
#97 by BenzuJK on September 15, 2011 - 6:43 am
Hello Gopal,
The pedestal below the column is called a footing. The part of the column below the ground is still called a
column and a footing.
Cheers
#98 by boblu on September 16, 2011 - 12:52 am
how to determine the foundation depth?
#99 by BenzuJK on October 1, 2011 - 12:10 am
Foundation depth is determined by calculating the total load on the foundation. After the load calculations,
you will be able to set the dimensions of the foundation (Length, width and depth). Hope that’s clear.
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Check out this article:
Calculation of loads for Foundation design
#100 by abbas on September 23, 2011 - 6:26 am
abbas :hello friends i find this website very interestingi ve learnt many things through
it.thank you for sharing your experiences with us.i am a newcomer from senegal:
#101 by BenzuJK on September 26, 2011 - 1:36 am
Hello Abbas,
I am glad the site was of help to you. Do keep visiting and sharing your views.
Cheers
#102 by kishor on October 6, 2011 - 1:28 am
please tell me the critical situation of footing designs like footing between two walls in which one is already
constructed and other we have to construct with L shape
#103 by Sarfraz Ahmad Ansari on October 6, 2011 - 3:47 am
Very Nice……………………….
what should be the design load to be taken for the footing design of a single storey, two storey, and 3 storey
residential building ?
#104 by BenzuJK on October 10, 2011 - 8:12 am
Hello Sarfraz,
Check this article. This will answer all your queries:
Load calculations for footing
Guide to Building design
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#105 by Sikandar Ali on October 9, 2011 - 6:05 am
Hello,
What are the general specifications for length of L for short columns.Because in some drawing I dont see the
length extended inside footing.Suppose columns length is 3 m high then how much should be bended (L)
inside footing.
Regards
#106 by Bashir on October 13, 2011 - 2:57 pm
thanks for your explanations on some key structural issues,they simple,concise and straightforward.i wish
more from u.
#107 by Bashir on October 13, 2011 - 3:02 pm
Hello friend,
i need a comprehensive examples on how toanalyse and design a structure .
#108 by Bashir on October 13, 2011 - 3:34 pm
The article is highly educative,hope to learn more from you with something new.
#109 by BenzuJK on November 6, 2011 - 3:37 am
Hello Bashir,
We will try and put up examples on analyzing and Designing Structures.
Check this out. This might be of help to you.
Guide to Building Design
#110 by Kurian Abraham on October 31, 2011 - 1:02 am
I am building a 2 storey house in a land that was previously a paddy field. It was slushy / marshy land in
which I filled with soil in 2001about 7-8 feet deep. Now i am planning to construct this house and do you think
I need to go in for any specific deep foundations. One person suggested column foundation that goes to
about 10 feet below ground. Another suggestion was well foundation. Please comment.
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Thanks,
Kurian
#111 by BenzuJK on November 12, 2011 - 9:54 am
Hello Kurian,
Well Foundations are pretty outdated. You must preferably go for Pile foundations. Concrete Pile
Foundation will be perfect in your case. Raft Foundation can also be used but since they are little more
expensive option as compared to Pile Foundations, you could avoid them.
Let us know if you have any more queries.
#112 by Dumdum on November 18, 2011 - 6:01 am
Can one use 12mm reinforcement bar for columns of three story building?
#113 by BenzuJK on December 1, 2011 - 11:27 pm
12mm reinforcement bar for columns can be used for three storey building. It depends on the load coming
onto the columns. Making an appropriate column layout is very important. 12mm reinforcement bars can
be used if the distance between columns is appropriate.
Check out this article. It will surely be of help to you.
Thumb rules for making a column layout
#114 by daryl on November 26, 2011 - 12:18 am
Some references use net allowable soil pressure for the design, that is allowable bearing capacity less
surcharge and the weight of the soil backfill but some does not consider deducting the weight of the soil
backfill. When do we need to consider deducting the weight of the soil backfill from the allowable bearing
capacity.
Thanks!!!
#115 by kaleem on December 5, 2011 - 7:37 am
iam consturcting single story building at the edge of minor irrigation tank ,there is silty soil and room size is
24′-0″ x14′-0″ ,what depth ,size footing needed please reply
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#116 by p.velladurai on December 6, 2011 - 8:50 am
hai frds
this website is very useful for engineers
we r learn to our doubt clarifications through it.
im a new comer from tuty in tamilnadu
#117 by descravel m on December 8, 2011 - 9:03 am
Dear sir,
what is the difference between sloped footing and flat footing.
#118 by BenzuJK on December 14, 2011 - 7:43 am
Hello Descravel,
Isolated footings are of two types:
1) Tapered footing
2) Stepped footing
Tapered footing which I guess you are referring to as sloped footing, is used in case of small constructions
such as bungalows, duplexes or G+1 structures. The reason why it is used in smaller structures is that it is
economical as compared to stepped footings.
Stepped footings
They are used in case of multi-storied constructions. Use of Tapered footing in multistoried buildings
proves to be uneconomical.
#119 by Arun Kumar on December 10, 2011 - 8:06 am
For seven storied residential framed structure with RCC columns 5.00 meter apart, which type of foundation
would be required on moderate type of soil. If raft foundation is required, then what would be adequate depth
of the raft ?
#120 by BenzuJK on December 14, 2011 - 7:37 am
Hello Arun,
You could go for an isolated footing even in case of a seven storey structure with RCC columns 5m apart.
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Raft foundation is used only in case of extremely weak soils. Isolated footing can be used even for a 10
storey building if the soil is moderately strong.
#121 by Tarun Kumar Bhunia on December 16, 2011 - 9:53 am
I have booked one flat of a residential six storey building.The size of its colums is 12/16,its foundation is 7ft
deep in hard soil,it has seperated colum footings.Is the building safe? Colums are cons
tructed with 8 tmt bars(four of 16mm ,and four of 12 mm).Please help.
#122 by Dinesh Trivedi on January 16, 2012 - 4:26 am
Hi there,
I am planing to construct my house on plot area of 20 ft x 20 ft = 400 sq ft, ground, and 400 sq ft. first floor,
total Rcc area as per architact is 990 sq.ft aprox. I would like to know how much steel, cement sand and
aggregates will be required so that I know the cost of material.
Your earliest reply will be highly apriciated,
Thanks
Regards
Dinesh Trivedi.
#123 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 5:59 pm
Hello Dinesh,
The structural design depends on the building plan. WE cannot make assumptions. It is all calculated and
required professional knowledge. Every project is different and has to be dealt separately. The quantities
of sand, cement, steel and aggregates require a detailed analysis of the structural design. I hope what I
am saying is making sense to you.
Civil Projects Online has made things easier for you. It has launched Architectural and Structural Design
Services at minimal costs. You can also receive expert advise.
Architectural and Structural Design Services
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#124 by Victor on January 25, 2012 - 1:45 pm
Hello
Please, to design a foundation for a Generator, is any special requirements, from Ontario Building Code ?
Thanks
#125 by S.rama on January 28, 2012 - 12:01 pm
Sir, i want construct a G+4th storey building, build up area is 3973 sq.feet in 23’9″x158’5″ , the soil is not
hard ,from entrence in right side 4’6″ wide open duct and left side 6’9″ wide
passage. And, i want to provide 56 nos columns accrding to room(12’0″ x 12’0″) and their corner. and want
also to provide 9.84″x17.71″(16mm dia) RCC column in outer wall. am i right or wrong
thank you !
S.rama
#126 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 5:57 pm
Hello Rama,
The structural design depends on the building plan. WE cannot make assumptions. It is all calculated and
required professional knowledge. Every project is different and has to be dealt separately.
Civil Projects Online has made things easier for you. It has launched Architectural and Structural Design
Services at minimal costs. You can also receive expert advise.
Architectural and Structural Design Services
#127 by Lakshmanan on January 30, 2012 - 9:15 pm
In my house plan the contractor has drawn for the hall of 14 ft by 30 ft approx with 4 pillars at about 10 ft
distance each and on other parallel side 3 pillars at 15 ft distance each and each pillar from foundation
column has 6 no.s of 12 mm rods in 9″ by 12 ” column/pillar; Whether 12 mm rod vizag/TISCO make ok
whether any special care to be taken in concealed beam on lintel or roof level required. How to cross check
my plan if it is correct without defect………….lakshmanan
#128 by yogananda on February 2, 2012 - 9:29 am
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hello Benz
i want to know the procedure of machine foundation for 11kv isolator machine and transformer. . in some
textbook they simply consider 0.12percent GA. . how the ecentricity calculation for this point load and hence
moment. . also for mode of vibration and frequency check. .please guide me
#129 by yogananda on February 2, 2012 - 9:39 am
hello friends
any one help me for design of pile cap. . i designed pile cap by embedded piles to pile cap and calculating
the max reaction of pile per meter and hence moment with respect to ecentricity for this i designed steel . . is
this procedure correct . . also in some books they will designed as slab by just considering as max BM
respect to simply supported condition . . which is correct
#130 by Roland on February 2, 2012 - 3:38 pm
This is about ground floor column moments. We use column height from ground level to second floor in
analysis of multi-storey bldgs. This results to column moment values at ground level. Now when we design
the footing, we use this same value though the footing level is way below the ground level. Should we not
neglect this moment as the ground slab and soil can provide rigidity and disperse column load moment when
it reaches the footing level?
#131 by g yousal on February 3, 2012 - 6:56 am
dear benz,
i am building a 3 +1/2 storeyed house om a hilly slope. The foundation mesh designed by my architect is 6′ x
6′ of 16mm rods and the columns are 9”x16”( 4 nos 16mm & 2 nos 12mm) size and beam size including slab
casting is of 9”x18” ( 6 nos. 16mm ) The maximum beam length is 15’4”(c to c)’. All the beam placements are
in a grid formation. Please let me know the following :
1. what do you mean by tying the column end to the foundation grid? (My architect says the cloumn end
needs to be just centered on to the grid and the footing pyramid built ( i.e there is no tying of the L-shaped
column end onto the grid) How do you do the tying?
2. Are the above column and beam dimensions and the reinforcement ok?
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3. Are these rectangular shaped columns have the same structural strength as a square shaped one of same
size ( say 9” x 16” versus 12” x 12” )
4. Does the placement direction of these rectangular columns ( i.e the facing of wider & narrower side ) need
any specifications or can be faced as per the rooms partition requirements?
#132 by Suresh on February 3, 2012 - 10:07 pm
Hello sir,
1. Can u tel me the purpose and necessary of provide tapered footing in residential building?
2. Difference between tapered footing and block footing?
#133 by BenzuJK on February 5, 2012 - 6:23 am
Suresh :
Hello sir,
1. Can u tel me the purpose and necessary of provide tapered footing in residential
building?
2. Difference between tapered footing and block footing?
Tapered footing and block footing are two alternatives that can be used for the same purpose.
Tapered footing is sloped at all four sides whereas block footing is a single step footing.
Isolated footings are of two types:
1) Tapered footing
2) Stepped footing
Tapered footing which I guess you are referring to as sloped footing, is used in case of small constructions
such as bungalows, duplexes or G+1 structures. The reason why it is used in smaller structures is that it is
economical as compared to stepped footings.
Stepped footings
They are used in case of multi-storied constructions. Use of Tapered footing in multistoried buildings proves
to be uneconomical.
#134 by bingo on February 6, 2012 - 9:50 am
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i am constructing a single story building (shops) and laid foundations with 3 x 3 feet column foundations.
column had 4 x #5 size dia bars, we also had plinth beam. now the owner wants me to go for double story.
what minimum should i do with the foundation or with columns to go for double column, help
#135 by E.PONNAMBALAM on February 8, 2012 - 4:12 pm
HI BENZ,
IS IT THERE ANY PERCENTAGE OF REINFORCEMENT FOR A SINGLE COLUMN? AND IS IT
POSSIBLE TO TIE 8 NOS OF 16MM RODS IN A 9″ X 9″ SQUARE COLUMN?
#136 by MANDLA on February 9, 2012 - 3:35 am
Hi..
This is sharat
Im a civil Engineer,
SBC is calculated based on SPT test
But is it the only criteria to decide SBC..
If not so please explain in detail how to calculate SBC.
Depending on type of soil how do to decide SBC??
Pls reply me….
#137 by sanjay verma on February 10, 2012 - 12:40 am
how can v calculate the cement concrete of a fotting when its base is 8’*8′ and its 6” in the base and then
upward sloop and 4” each bside the coloum at the top
#138 by eusemar on February 11, 2012 - 4:09 pm
hello madame,
is it too much for a 12m x 7m 3 story residential bldg to have 0.30m x 0.30 columns spaced @ 5m, 5m and
2m on the buidings longest side?
#139 by shali on February 13, 2012 - 4:01 am
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why it is not necessary to do rubble soling beneath the footing if the same footing rest on the hard rock. and
why some consultants suggest to do double layer of rubble soling beneath the footing?
#140 by africa web on February 14, 2012 - 1:56 pm
the idea behind to tie the column bars to its foundation reinforcement is to assure that the skeletal framework
of a building will be acting as one, because reinforcement are assembled separately according to their usage
it is ,by principle important/neccesary that this reinforcement should be secured properly to act effectively
and actually serve its purpose nevertheless tieng this rebars is to avoid them from slipping from each other
when subjected to excessive force/load
#141 by Paul on February 15, 2012 - 6:02 am
Dear sir,
I am planning to construct a G+1,where ground floor is 26’*22′ and first floor is 26’*36′ for that i have selected
15 pillers made of 16 mm rod square 04 nos and connecting beams of 12 mm rod square 04 nos.The ground
condition is neither hard or loose.(medium).My selection is ok or not.can you please advise.
Regards
#142 by S S Chani on February 18, 2012 - 1:10 am
I find your column very useful.. my query is that I am a layman as far as the civil structures are concerned..
We have a G+2 story structure and wanna construct one more floor. Floor size is 400 Inch X 400 Inch and it
has a total of 13 columns of x section of 522 sq cms each (ie 9 inch X 9 inch)
Is it advisable to go ahead with 3rd floor with existing structural strength ?
#143 by basavaraj on February 19, 2012 - 5:38 am
please suggest me which is better?
building stone wall from footing to plint or brick wall
#144 by Rana Masud on February 20, 2012 - 12:55 am
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Dear Benzu
I want to know about following foundation Procedure.
01.Machine Foundation
a. Wt 123TN b. Suppliers Recommended foundation size 12m x 5m. Also Supply Moment x,y & z axis.
c. 750rm.
02. Foundation design of Fuel storage Tank 25m dia 18m Ht , Fuel Capacity 8000kl.
Thanks with best Regards
#145 by john on February 21, 2012 - 10:20 am
hi im john
if you have a beam span of 8.50 to 10.0 mtrs. in a 15 storey building, what is the ideal section of the column
on the ground floor?
what is the ideal column size at 4th floor to support with a beam span of about 8.50 to 10m.?
what should be the column size on ground floor if it has 8m span?
what should be the size of a column at 4th floor if it has an 8 m. span?
#146 by Kam on February 22, 2012 - 1:58 pm
Hi Benzukj,
When a foundation slab has a strip footing for exterior load bearing walls, can it be near or above a spread
footings for columns. In other words can the spread footings for the columns be place deeper so it doesn’t
interfere with the strip footings in the slab on grade foundation?
#147 by RUMA on February 22, 2012 - 11:18 pm
Dear madam,
in my three storied ratidential building(low land)-550 sq. ft area in one floor, 11 nos column all are 4-16dia
bar(250X250mm), footing size 1.5mX1.5m with 12dia bar-200 spacing 1200 height, plinth & roof beams all
are 250X2500 mm with 4-16dia bar.Is it safe? Please advise.
#148 by arjun on February 22, 2012 - 11:28 pm
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how would you calculate storey shear and storey moment in kanis method of frame analysis(side sway
type).I know its formula but my values are not satisfactory with my study material.Can you help me?
#149 by Suman Roy on February 24, 2012 - 3:55 am
Hello Sir
I want to know the comparison between normal single/double slope truss of IS members and tubular/pipe
sections for a span of 11 m and whose two ends supports on two column. Also give related
books/journal/links information.
#150 by Mohammed Al Amir on March 1, 2012 - 2:22 pm
Hello I’m trying to build a ground plus two shopping center on a 400 meters squared piece of land. I need a
building plan, how much material i need? etc..,
If you can assist I’m willing to pay for your services
Thank you
#151 by megha on March 2, 2012 - 7:03 am
while designing footing why net safe bearing capacity is considered?why not gross bearing capacity is
considered?
#152 by H. Bruce Campbell on March 3, 2012 - 6:36 am
Hi Benzu,
Thanks so much for your site!
I need to build inexpensive support pillars for the landing gear of a Boeing 727-200 airliner which serves as
my home (web site references below). I’d prefer a method which is both cheap and relatively easy to
dismantle, but fully reliable and very long lived. My sense is that each of the two main landing gear need to
support a maximum of about 380 K Newtons, and the nose gear a maximum of about 133 K Newtons. My
subsurface soil is moderately firm clay, but my terrain slops significantly.
At this time I’m focused on the left main landing gear task. It’s support pillar needs to be very roughly 2
Meters high and very roughly 3 Meters in diameter. The pillar tops must be concave (bowl shaped) so that
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the landing gear tires can roll a bit during an earthquake, to insure that no stress can develop, but return to
the center once earth motion ceases (an anchor chain will become taut if the travel nears the pillar
perimeter).
Air is maintained in the landing gear struts so that they absorb shock such as from an earthquake. The
inflation height of the struts is easily adjusted so as to level the aircraft, even if the support pillar’s height
changes a bit over time.
For the left main gear pillar, I’m currently considering a conventional circular concrete pad onto which an
unconventional pillar is assembled as follows: Ordinary 10 cm diameter ABS sewer pipe would be stacked
vertically one next to another, in an array which forms a 3 Meter diameter pillar shape, and held together with
outer circular perimeter steel bands or similar. At least four steel rods would be inserted through the sewer
pipes, each from the top of one side of the pillar to the bottom of the opposite side of the pillar, as diagonal
members so as to prevent tilting of the pillar. The tops of the pipes would be cut so as to form the bowl
shaped concave top. Each pipe would be filled with concrete and one centered reinforcing bar, or perhaps
simply filled with gravel (or a combination, such as concrete fill for the center most pipes, where the tires
normally rest, but gravel for the outer pipes).
A steel or similar culvert pipe to house the array of vertical sewer pipes is a conceptually easier option, and I
continue to consider that. However, 3 meter diameter culvert is expensive and somewhat awkward to
transport.
A conventional solid concrete pillar strikes me as likely quite expensive, and perhaps more difficult to
assemble (due in significant part to the large reinforcing bar structure presumably required). It would also be
far more difficult to disassemble. And my sense is that it would be far stronger than is necessary.
I remain fully open to any ideas however – any concept which addresses the need most efficiently will
ultimately win my heart. I’m an electrical circuit design engineer, not a civil nor structural engineer. So this is
generally outside of my skills. In general, I prefer thoughtful exploratory approaches which yield improved
efficiency over an unimaginative default to conventional design. However, if a conventional design simply
proves to be the best option, then it would win my heart.
I’d appreciate any thoughts or references you have, including the basics for the construction of the circular
base pad.
Thanks so much and regards, Bruce
Hillsboro, OR 97123-9074
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http://www.AirplaneHome.com (http://www.AirplaneHome.com/Images/22Sep2011ImagesCatalog.htm)
http://www.HikokiIe.com
#153 by jayson on March 4, 2012 - 12:08 am
hi
can you help me with our thesis?
i’m 4th yr civil eng’g student
our thesis title is “proposed design of special foundation considering the effect of mine blasting-induced
ground vibration”
we focus only on residential house foundation.
what is the initial step we should do?
how to design foundation considering blast loading?
thank you for the response and this would be a helpful for our research.
#154 by regim raj on March 5, 2012 - 7:19 am
Dear Ben
I want plan to start my G+2 home. please tell me about details please. building size 42’x20′
1. column size
2. no of rod
3. rod size
4. no of column (15 ok)
please reply me…..
#155 by KOTLURI on March 7, 2012 - 1:40 am
HAI THIS IS VERY NICE SITE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS
I AM NEW FOR THIS WHICH IS BEST SOFTWARE TO DESIGN FOOTING DESIGN
#156 by BenzuJK on March 8, 2012 - 11:24 pm
Staad Pro is being used for structural design purpose. But of course you need to be thorough with your
structural design knowledge to use this software.
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#157 by vaibhav patil on March 7, 2012 - 10:15 pm
hi, i’am second year civil engg student and i want to know what are the foundation details that are to be
taken into account while selecting the type of foundation to be decided for a skyscraper
#158 by zahir on March 8, 2012 - 4:46 am
hello, I would like to know is it acceptable practice to place an isolated footing in fill area ,I have 1.4 m fill
over the existing ground level,or i have to embed it below the ground level
#159 by BenzuJK on March 8, 2012 - 11:07 pm
Hello Zahir,
You shouldn’t place your isolated footing in fill area. You should cent percent prefer embedding your
footing below the ground level to maintain the integrity and stability of the structure. If don’t do they, the
structure is bound to develop foundation problems in futures. The most common one in this case would be
sinking foundation.
Be very careful while designing foundations. Remember that is the core of the structure. Let me tell you,
foundation problems are disastrous and are very expensive to repair.
Have you hear of the saying,”Precaution is better than cure”. Follow it. That is what we engineers should
be doing.
All the best!
Also check out my articles on Sinking foundation. They will give you an idea about what kind of
problems they create.
Sinking Foundation – I
Sinking Foundation – II
#160 by swapnil prabhu on December 11, 2012 - 1:13 am
hello ma’am,
all the information on the site and your explanation to all the difficulty for various questions have
provided me more knowledge than any other source, thanks a lot for all the valuable information.
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#161 by BenzuJK on December 12, 2012 - 4:57 am
Hello Swapnil,
We are glad to know that our articles have been helpful. We look forward to hearing from you often.
Cheers
#162 by rakesh on March 11, 2012 - 8:48 am
Hey! could u tell me if length of pillars are unequal(underground portion), will it create any problem to the
building…
#163 by malleswari on March 13, 2012 - 11:07 pm
khan :
what is the difference between one way shear and two way shear?
thank you
hi benzu mam
I want to know , how to fix the depth of isolated footing?
Which are the factors that influence the depth of footing?
Is there any codes that specifies the isolated footing depths?
#164 by malleswari on March 13, 2012 - 11:10 pm
we want to know the depth fixation of isolated footings?
#165 by anshuman sharma on March 18, 2012 - 3:24 am
what we have to prefer structural steel columns or rcc columns?
#166 by Gouri Sankar Kar on March 18, 2012 - 10:57 am
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i want to design a singly reinforced T-beam by entering some data i.e. depth 300mm, width of beam
-250mm, clear span-6.5mt, M-20, fe-415, bearing of simply support -250mm, please help me for solve me
the problem and guide me.
#167 by reela on March 19, 2012 - 4:54 am
hello
my question is how many cement column need to build 80 meter square and for each column of cement how
many bag of cement it need
thanks a lot
#168 by devang on March 20, 2012 - 3:57 am
how to find aggregate correction factor?
#169 by Ashly on March 20, 2012 - 8:45 am
Hello Benz,
I have a quick question on column footing. What happens if the column is not centered on the footing mesh?
Does it compromise on the strength of the structure?
#170 by srinivas on March 20, 2012 - 10:38 pm
Hello Srinivas,
Firstly, you need a plinth beam to tie the isolated column because if you dont do so, it might result into
bending of column resulting in collapse.
4′x4′ footing size is pretty small. Your column steel design is good. If the column c/c are not more than 12′
than you could go for G+3 without any hesitation.
Dear sir,
Thanks for your above given suggestion for my query on 8.6.11.
How can i tie the plinth beam, to the isolated coloumn. ( can i rise one more coloumn beside the isolated
coloumn ).
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How much footing size required for three storied building.
waiting for your valuable suggestion.
thanking you
srinivas.
#171 by S Q Faridi on March 23, 2012 - 6:54 am
How & which combination shall be taken for foundation design in following given conditions :
LOAD CASES REACTIONS (KN)
VH
Dead Load 16 6
Dead Seismic R 2 4
Dead Seismic L -2 -4
Live Load 53 23
Wind End Load -83 -21
Wind Left Load -84 -43
Wind Right Load -51 -7
#172 by shabier on March 24, 2012 - 10:51 am
how do i make contact with you in order for you to assist me in my drawings for foundations with
consultation. I’m willing to hive a meeting with you to discuss my requirements. Thank you
#173 by Debal Chatterjee on March 26, 2012 - 3:56 am
Can you kindly provide the calculation for depth required to withstand punching shear
#174 by DAN AKPAN on March 26, 2012 - 9:17 am
Please, how many rod will be used to design a drainage of width 1m, height 1m and lenght 1m?
I will be greatfull if you can assist me.
thanks.
Dan.
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#175 by Shamsudheen on March 29, 2012 - 10:21 pm
Dear Sir,
My house construction is progressing in Kerala, Kochi. I would like to know whether I can use kota stone
slabs or like that materials for my wardrobes partitions and racks instead of going for ferrocement slabs, mdf
etc. If so with kota stone or then how would be the connection with the wardrobes walls to insert this slab?
Thanks
Shamsudheen
#176 by Girish BM on April 1, 2012 - 4:56 am
Hi Benz
we are planning to built for industrial shed
span 25 mtr widht, centre height of shed willbe 35 ft . and crane capacity will be 10 ton.
request to inform what willbe civil footing size
and column size for foundation ?
Regards
Girish BM
+919552598092
india
#177 by Bhuvan on April 1, 2012 - 6:14 am
Hi,
I am planning for construction of 1st and 2nd floor on a building which is around 25 years old. Currently only
the ground floor exists at this place. The current buliding has been laid out on foundation and not columns.
As per my dad, the foundation is of 5 courses.
Please let me know whether it is safe to go in with additional 2 floors on this building. Also request to know
how many courses of foundation is needed for a 3 storyed building.
#178 by retheesh on April 2, 2012 - 3:30 am
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sir,
I design a three floor building column footing, 100cmx100cm size. 23cm rcc,then followed by 45cm to sloped.
10mm bar used for net. column size 23cmx35cm. this design is satisfied for the building.
#179 by pravin patil on April 2, 2012 - 7:54 am
dear madam,
how can i calculate size of columns, no. of columns for 15 x 50 plot. also i wanna know how much steel
required for 3 floor building for the same area.
plz suggest me suitable floor height taking all consideration such as ventilation, conditioning of room.
#180 by Aman on April 2, 2012 - 11:02 pm
Sir,
Can you please tell me, on what basis the foundation is designed..?
And which type of foundation should be used in different soil strata?
#181 by ramachandran on April 4, 2012 - 5:08 am
soil test depends to which type fondation need to building ho to understand kindly tel me for this answer
#182 by BenzuJK on April 8, 2012 - 4:08 am
Soil test is carried out by the Surveyors. If you are a Civil Engineer, your job is to hire a surveyor before
you begin your structural design. The survey will tell you as to what kind of soil it is and how much is the
bearing capacity of soil. Bearing capacity of soil will help you design the foundation of the structure.
Check out this article:
Guide to Structural Design of a Building
#183 by ramachandran on April 10, 2012 - 8:37 am
thank u
pile fountation about to article give madam
#184 by Ravi bhushan Mishra on April 5, 2012 - 3:03 am
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Dear madam/sir,
I am constructing R.C.C. building for 2099 Sq.ft. plinth area . Foundation work completed . All column tied
with tie beam on ground and it is completed upto slab level.
1) No of column= 19 nos.
2) Size of column= 12”*12”
3) Footing size = 4′ * 4′
4) Dia of rod = 04 nos. of 16mm
5) Foundation is 1.2 m below ground level and .90 m plinth ht. above ground level. Also we have three nos.
span of length 5.5 m from c/c of column.
Can i construct the building upto G+1 safely . Also can you suggest me as on thumb rule for beam size and
the reinforcement dia and nos.
#185 by BenzuJK on April 8, 2012 - 4:03 am
Check out this article. This will help answer many of your questions.
Minimum standards for Structural design
#186 by nick brown on April 5, 2012 - 5:35 pm
hi
my best wishes to u and many thanks to u for solving our problems after that must say that i am going to
start a project of a business complex which would consist of 5 stories in the area of 520 sq meter, so i would
like u to help me either by giving me a reference for civil engineering works or u may guide me to design and
work on it, and must say that i am also a student of civil engineering and i live in noida up. and if u give me
the refence around noida will be thankfull of u…
regards
#187 by BenzuJK on April 8, 2012 - 4:00 am
Hello Nick,
We are launching a new business website where we would offer Architectural and Civil Engineering
services at a minimum cost. I will get back to you only if you could wait for the next two weeks until we
launch our website online.
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Cheers
#188 by Habibpk on April 5, 2012 - 9:57 pm
hi Benz,, Please can u advice me for the 23’span and 40′ long simply supported continuous slab without
column support,two way slab need the how many concealed beams required with rebar detailand what will
be distance c/c of re bars in both ways main/distribution.
Regards,
hrbmorai
#189 by Larson on April 8, 2012 - 6:31 am
What is necessary for providing column starter at the Base of the Column.
#190 by Rasta on April 10, 2012 - 1:30 am
Hi
for column, how much does it contributes to each level of a building when you are calculating the seismic
weight of a building???
for each level ive been tryn to calculate the weight which includes taking the weight(N) of the slab, beams,
etc for each level and total them up to represent the weight of a particular level..but when it comes to
columns im really not sure coz the column runs from the bottom to the uppermost of the building, so for each
level how do we take the weight of the column???
#191 by Mohsin Sk on April 11, 2012 - 11:50 pm
Hi,
we are building RCC home on 1000sq fit area. I have got the construction layout and pillars design from
professional. I am thinking of directly constructing slab over pillar without walls. but i have heard that slab will
break if done in that fashion. What will you suggest? what should be the minimum slab requirement to avoid
such incidence?
thanks in advance
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#192 by ramachandran on April 15, 2012 - 12:23 am
can u tell me pile fountation depnds upon details design wait for u’r reply
#193 by DENIS V. Balatero on April 15, 2012 - 10:34 pm
Hi,good day, I need help.I am currently designing an extension of a church with 6 m. width and 11m long.it
has a balcony design on top with the same size of the extension desired.Problem is,because of budget
constraint i can’t make it to the soil test to know the soil bearing capacity.If in this case I wouldn’t know the
design of its column and footing foundation.Can you please help me?Can you give a maximum design?…
other problem is that I observe,when excavating i have notice that from the natural grade line and just
excavated almost 2.00m,water is coming out.The proposed height of the front structural column is almost
10m,what will i do?can you please help me on this matter?I need it as soon as possible.Thanks and God
Bless.
#194 by bliss on April 16, 2012 - 6:34 am
can u give me a research topic on building structural work?
#195 by sudhesh on April 17, 2012 - 10:45 am
Hi,
My best wishes for launching Architectural & civil engineering business at minimum cost , looking forward for
the same at the earliest. please let me know your website details …………….
#196 by vinoth on April 19, 2012 - 10:11 am
Hi,
Kindly advice me about pile foundation, I’m going to build my own house 1100sq feet.
In that area each builders are making difference pile foundations because of loose soil.
E.g. –
1. Bottom of the single Column
Dia – 0.75 feet
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No of the pile – 3 or 4 or 5 piles
Depth – 15 feet
2. Bottom of the single Column
Dia – 1feet
No of the pile – single pile
Depth – 15 feet
Please advice me economic pile foundation methods
Thanks
#197 by Bashar on April 27, 2012 - 1:24 am
Hi,
can u explain me … that how we can done 6 foot foundation for 34 foot height and 3 foot by 3 foot watch
tower (6×75 Angle of tower), please explain with drawing if possible.
#198 by SAMEER on April 30, 2012 - 6:08 am
Is there any need to use steel reinforcement for wall like wall ties, mesh
For fixing marbles to the wall there is any necessaty to fix it by using steel angle & bolts
#199 by Afroza on May 1, 2012 - 6:42 am
Helo Benzu,
1) In a frame structure angle between RCC Column and beam laterally how much will be allowable Angle(?)?
2) If the angle between RCC beam and column is more than 90 degree;is it wise to raise the building
vertically upto 2/3 story (where the foundation is 3storied)?
#200 by Afroza on May 1, 2012 - 6:55 am
BenzuJK :
Hello Mr. Kuttan,
You can always keep in touch with me through my site. You can ask any questions that
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have regarding the construction field. Will try me best to help you whenever possible.
Benzu
Like this site very much!!!
#201 by Chethan on May 2, 2012 - 12:54 am
Hi,
I’m constucting a gnd + 3 floor house on a 1200 sq ft plot. Right now as per plan from our engineer, we have
about 12 columns, which are like 5 in a row on either ends and tow in the middle row. To be frant I really dont
have much idea about the number of columns, load bearing capability, etc. My question is, are 12 columns
sufficient for a 4 floor house on 30×40 sq ft. Secondly my engineer due to some vaasthu reason wants to live
with just 10 columns, while getting rid of the 2 columns in the middle row. Is it something acceptable? My
concern was that the two rows of columns are seperated by 23 ft. Is it ok to have it this way? Please advice.
#202 by A Beg on May 3, 2012 - 12:39 pm
want to discuss about a plan …but can’t copy/paste here.how can I attached the plan that I can solve some
confusion about the plan.
Very helpful and informative your site is!
Thank you.
#203 by Mohammed on May 5, 2012 - 5:32 am
hi,
plz, i want to know about portable houses
and what are the things required for foundation of portable houses.I want to know its sizes and dimension
#204 by BenzuJK on May 6, 2012 - 2:39 am
Hello Mohammed,
Check this out. This could be of help to you.
Transportable Homes
#205 by Mohammed on May 5, 2012 - 11:09 am
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what kind of foundation required for portable houses
#206 by BenzuJK on May 6, 2012 - 2:34 am
The foundations for portable homes are built at the same time as the house itself. The foundation is laid on
the ground. The construction technique used for construction of portable homes is far different from our
traditional method.
#207 by Mohammed on May 8, 2012 - 1:05 pm
Thank you for the reply.It was really help ful.
#208 by Mohammed on May 9, 2012 - 1:01 am
Hi mam,
I want know if we are going to construct a ground floor how should we calculate that,how much of
steel,sand,cement is required.
#209 by Gautam on May 10, 2012 - 1:51 am
Madam, I have gone through several of those queries and answers and found out to be very usefull, I have
found out one of the problems is quiet similar to mine. I have already constructed g+1 and now planning for
g+2. I have also received the soil testing results recently which suggested that my foundation should be at
least 1.5 or 3m deep. The bearing capacity for 1.5m sand filling can give 6t/metresquare. and upto 3m deep
foundation can give 20t/metresquare. Fortunately out of my 16 column 6 column are at a depth of 9 and half
feet, 3 are at a depth of 10 and half feet and the rest are at a depth of 11 feet. All tappered foundation with
16mm and 12mm mesh alternatively tied and column size till ground level/plinth is 12x12inches with
4nos16mm and 2 nos.12mm diameter rods and after that raised in to 10x10inches column size till G+1.
Column to column distance is 12x12feet. Foundation size is 6 inches with mortar and brick chips and and
then mesh is laid over it,along with tied column structure and then again filled with mortar to about 6 inches
towards the edges of foundation and about 12 inches thickness raised towards the column as tappered
foundation. Madam I would request you to tell me if this foundation of my house can resist one more floor on
my existing G+1. I would be gratefull to receive ur suggestion.
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#210 by gautam on May 11, 2012 - 3:45 am
madam, i want to know the size and width of the total concrete for tappered foundation for 3 storied building
#211 by gautam on May 11, 2012 - 4:24 am
madam how can i tie plint bean to an isolated column. actually, even one of my house column is isolated .
although i m planning to raise two more foundation column side by side, but how to tie the i osolated column
is the main problem. My house is G+1 presently. After raising two more column side by side and then resting
on the beam, can it actually help me break the isolated column and then reinforce it with the other two, is the
idea practicable, please suggest.
#212 by samrat on May 12, 2012 - 10:09 am
thanks for this very important web site , your web site could be com pair with any engineering college.i have
a question how to calculation about sterups in footing ?
#213 by Jun on May 14, 2012 - 1:47 am
Hi,
If I have a 20 m x 20 m building with a height of 42 meters including the basement floor and having a 1.50 m
thick raft foundation, what should be the minimum level of the bottom of the raft foundation if it will rest on a
non-cohesive soil having a bearing capacity of 250~300 kn/m²?
#214 by hasan ali khan on May 19, 2012 - 4:57 am
sir
please tell me is it compulsory to construct a pedstel in between footing and plinth beam.Please reply soon.
Thanks.
#215 by BenzuJK on December 6, 2013 - 5:17 am
I have designed and built most of my buildings without a pedestal. Depends on your design philosophy.
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#216 by M.I.kajahs on May 28, 2012 - 4:03 pm
Pls what are the procedure and activities require to carryout in the structural failure analysis. Thanks
#217 by milind joshi on May 31, 2012 - 3:43 am
madam,
above FAQ are very useful ,
i would like toknow how do design foundation for centrifuge equipment .(running at 1800 rpm,wt.7.5
ton.,1100 kg.m2
#218 by K Y Rao on June 1, 2012 - 5:04 am
Dear Mam,
I am planning to construct a Three (3) storied building in 200 sq.yds plot and the slab area is coming to about
1600 sq.ft. I got the plan drawn by engineer, and he has shown 12 nos. columns to have big hall / bed rooms
and column to column spacing is shown as 16 ft x 14 ft.
I request you to kindly suggest the size of column, beam and slab thickness fit to this dimension and also the
steel to be used for the same.
Regards,
K. Y. Rao
#219 by Hemant on June 1, 2012 - 9:29 pm
I have a 2-storyed RCC house with columns and beams. The pillars are standard 9″x12″. Roof slabs are
RCC, 4″ thick. The column spacing is about 12’x12′.
I want to locate a water tank on the terrace within a 12’x12′ square. It will be a Syntex tank of base area of
about 30 sq ft. I want to flll it up with about 8000 liters of water. Is it ok? Will the roof bear this kind of load? I
am not a civil or mechanical engineer and find it difficult to calculate.
#220 by jes on June 3, 2012 - 4:36 am
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hai mam
am building a G+2 storey house in a land that was previously a paddy field. It was slushy / marshy land in
which I filled with soil in 2001about 3-5 feet deep. Now i am planning to construct this house and my
foundations sizes 1.2M wide & 0.3M depth (bars 10mm@175c/c top and bottom, stirrups 8@150c/c and am
not going to go deep foundation i ill construct with existing ground level) along with the columns and walls (all
around) my columns size is 0.5×0.15m (bars 8nos12mm)total 13 nos columns and span is like 2.5 to 3 meter
and 2nos maximum span is 4.5m is it ok Another suggestion was well foundation. Please comment.
Thanks,
#221 by SARA on June 7, 2012 - 5:46 pm
Hi,
We are constructing 1400 GF & 1100 FF, This building comes up to roof level, total we have 14 columns 12
nos are 9” * 9” size and 2 nos are 1’*9” sizes, by keeping this columns sizes whether we go for second
floor?,
Pls advice us
#222 by BenzuJK on June 30, 2012 - 5:05 am
Hello Sara,
Please do not even think of considering going for a second floor construction with the sizes of the columns
you have mentioned in the comment. The building will not be able to take the load and might result in
structural failure.
#223 by anupam goel on June 16, 2012 - 7:26 pm
gd mrng
my architect has given a very heavy metal beam work for my 2 storey building – residential cum play school.
how do i know whether its ok or more than enough coz its exceeding my budget.
plz help.
#224 by BenzuJK on June 30, 2012 - 4:53 am
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Hello Anupam,
I feel you should trust the Architect. If he has given you a heavy design, it will cause no harm to your
building. It would only be harmful if he would have given a lighter design. It would have been cheaper but
disastrous. He is a professional, he will know better. So, I suggest that you should trust him.
BenzuJK
#225 by Karthick Roy on June 25, 2012 - 12:22 pm
Dear Sir/Madam:
I am planning to build a three-storied building (basement + ground floor + 3 floors) in Kerala. Right now, I
want to build only the ground floor and add the three stories in the immediate future. I am drawing up the
various estimates for my project. I would be very much obliged if you could kindly provide me with an
estimate of the cost of each pillar. Hope you would oblige me.
Thanking you.
yours faithfully,
Karthick
#226 by manjo on July 2, 2012 - 10:25 am
Hi Benzu,
Had a question on footing. After footing is done what could be the maximum delay in starting the column
construction? My contractor has just did the footing with steel everything in place, but the column
construction is not started.
Thanks,
Manoj
#227 by JOSEPH MUREITHI on July 3, 2012 - 2:07 am
WHY SHOULD W1 AND W BE THE SAME THING {SELF WEIGHT OF FOOTING]
MUREITHI,KENYA
#228 by shiva on July 3, 2012 - 9:53 pm
Hi benzu,
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I need some clarifications, thought u could help me out.
I am Mech engg working in EPC. I dont knw abt the civil foundations & pedestals.
the Foundation drawings shows F1 to F30 and P1 to P46, wat r these….
Help….
#229 by A.Chellappan on March 13, 2013 - 9:52 am
Dear Shiva,
The letter “F” stands for Footing followed by continuous number, the same “P” stands for pedestal.
#230 by gulam haji on July 12, 2012 - 11:46 am
if there is black cotton soil upto 6 feel deep which type of foundation should be apply sooo that
superstructure cant arise cracks
#231 by CHRISTOPHER on July 14, 2012 - 9:15 am
Hi
while designing rcc beam I found out the live load , dead load, floor load and self wt.of a beam per sq.m. My
question is self weigt of rcc beam in kq/sq.m or kq/cu.m? Please decribe me
#232 by Ramakrishnan on July 18, 2012 - 6:20 am
Column and beam dimensions???
Hi BenzuJK,
I am designing a residential building for a university project, but can’t find any information on what size of
column or beam to use.
It is a G + 2 storey, RCC framed and brickwork building of size approx. 9.75m x 9.75m.
Floor to Ceiling heights are kept at 3.65m (12’) for all the floors.
3 Columns are positioned at 0, 4.55 & 5.2m c/c on East West direction and 4 columns are positioned at 0,
3m, 3.6m, 3.15m on North South directions.
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Size of Columns proposed are 12″ x 9″ with 6Nos of 16mm dia and size of Beams are 12″ x 9″ with 5 Nos of
12mm dia rods. (depth of footing is considered as 6′ below EGL.)
Could you please comment if the column & beam sizes are reasonably okay.
Thanks,
Rama.
#233 by Srinivas on July 23, 2012 - 12:49 am
I am constructing a house . in which on the right side its a joint wall of my neighbor. so putting a pillar close
to the adjacent wall( pillar is not at the center it is on the side of the steel bed). but the problem is when we
dug a trench suddenly water started leaking from the foundation of my neighbor house it the drainage line
which got damaged . whenever they use their bathroom water suddenly leaks into our side ( Pillar) . But in
spite of this our engineer told our neighbor stop using the bathroom for while and constructed the pillar.Now
the pillar is built with cement and stones but my worry is water still seeped into the pillar may cause harm but
my engineer tell us not to worry . technically what will happen to my pillar if water seepage from neighbor
house doesn’t stop
#234 by Adil on July 25, 2012 - 1:29 am
Hi Benzu
Im a civil engineer and im trying my hand at designing practically for the first time though theoretically have
tried at many times at uni. Im assuming that the first step is Load calculation where you arrive at the load
each member would carry for the said building being designed. Do you have any format on excel which will
facilitate the documentation & calculation of the same?
#235 by sarfraz on July 26, 2012 - 1:52 am
sir i want to know that i want to design my two stories building with isolated footing…. i wana know the
sufficient depth of foundation?????
#236 by Nay Lin Maung Yee on August 4, 2012 - 2:57 am
Hello!
I am new here and I am Civil engineer from Myanmar. I would like to know about foundation design of the
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gallon 500 small RCC over head tank. Height is 9 ft. I have a few knowledge with this design. That is why
how can I calculate about the foundation design? Would you mind, please help me.
#237 by Ameer on August 5, 2012 - 4:05 pm
hello BenzuJK ,
can u help me , i want to make an emergency steel stair to a building with 4 storey about 16m height , i ll use
4 columns ( H steel section of 10 inch) , what is the good footing can i use it in this case( the base plate thick,
the anchored bolt diameter&length ,the dimensions of concrete base for this case)
#238 by Md.Sarwar Zahan on August 23, 2012 - 11:31 pm
Would you pls help me regarding two storied building construction process viz. foundation , main column ,
beam , wall , floor , roof etc. Here mentioned that soil is paddy land , area is 1400 sft.
#239 by Kunal on August 24, 2012 - 8:28 am
Plz let me know d most cost effective foundation for black cotton soil.I would like to construct a school with
14 rooms each with 17 X 23 ft (walls are not included). I think 2 story building save money so prefers that.Plz
tell me other cost cutting methods for various stages.
#240 by gautam on August 24, 2012 - 11:23 pm
Madam, I want to know what should be the normal thickness and size of concrete foundation for G+2
building, Also i would like to know if it is safe to built G+2 on soil bearing capacity of 6 to 20 tonne/sqm.
with regards
Gautam
#241 by japocs on August 27, 2012 - 6:08 am
Hi Im Japocs from Philippines… This site is awesome!
#242 by Randall on August 27, 2012 - 12:03 pm
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Hello,
i am looking at building several brick columns 26x26x10′ tall. what should my base be? nothing will be attach
to the columns, the inside will be hollow.
#243 by P RAJA SEKHAR on August 28, 2012 - 10:04 am
It is observed that four columns of size 300×450 with 6-16dia and 2-12dia was laid with eccentricity 15cm
above the plinth beam i.e., the column above plinth beam is placed 15cm away from the original column
below the Plinth beam by bending the col. main roads above the plinth beam. But the column above the
Plinth beam position is correct. How to rectify the defect. Please give suggestion.
#244 by zakhele on August 28, 2012 - 10:07 am
hai. may u please tel me abwt the different of construction techniques that might be adopted on a column
foundation.
#245 by Rad on September 9, 2012 - 5:25 am
Hello ,
Can u please help me design the foundation for a silo .. I know the total load and safe bearing capacity of
soil .. Pls help me
#246 by Dilip singh parmar on September 13, 2012 - 11:51 am
plz tell me what is the process of design the footing ,column ,beam
#247 by jitendra on September 17, 2012 - 11:44 pm
Mam i want know about floating concrete foundation design used in the seas.
#248 by Donnabel on September 19, 2012 - 1:05 am
Hi Benz
I would like ask you on how to correctly put a grid line in a plan?
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with regards
Donnabel
#249 by Dusan on September 19, 2012 - 11:28 am
Hi I am building a 3 story brick and concrete buinling in Naturel hard ground what size should my foundations
be
regards
Dusan
#250 by mahes on October 1, 2012 - 4:55 am
how to calculate the total load of footing
#251 by Rameez Sumra on October 15, 2012 - 10:40 pm
Hi Madam,
I’m student of last year B.E.
I like to design structure specially R.C.C. at this level i haven’t sufficient knowledge to do all things but i’m
trying mine best.
I am designing of multistory building. well mine question is regarding the foundation. In case of combine
footing which kind of criteria i should have to kept in mind. Where can i adopt individual or combine footing.
can u guide me. Thanks.
#252 by liz on October 28, 2012 - 7:59 pm
hi benzu,
i want to design a simple pad footing just to cater a staircase loading.can u pls give a design example. i really
need it asap.tqvm
#253 by Emiliano P. Belizario on November 10, 2012 - 3:12 pm
What are the standard structural design requirements for a concrete foundation or pedestal supporting the
BMU Steel Track anchored on the concrete pedestal by anchor bolts and steel clips?
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How to repair cracks on Concrete Foundation/Pedestal for BMU Steel Tracks? What are the causes of
cracks or failures of concrete pedestal or foundation for BMU Steel Track?
#254 by Sanni Prasad on November 12, 2012 - 12:37 am
Dear Benz,
we have encountered a black cotton soil
to construct building.we need constrcut G+4 storeyed.so shall we go for pile foundation or Isolated
foundation.
#255 by faisal qadir on November 12, 2012 - 2:26 am
what care should be taken about the water table before construction of a column base structure
#256 by george on November 26, 2012 - 5:22 am
hi
i want to knw if it is possible to use 30”mm bars foundtion of any type as ur starting point
#257 by Rahmani on December 6, 2012 - 8:39 am
Rahmani :
Benz
thanks for all best information could you please send me a foundation book the updated
#258 by barb on January 10, 2013 - 5:17 pm
how can a monolithic dome structure be built on a waterfront lot needing flood elevation 7ft hurricane proof
#259 by Stephen on January 23, 2013 - 11:55 pm
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Sir i cam across this very site not quiet long ago. Please sir i am a student of civil Engineering 500 Level.
Pleas sir can you help me out to be strong in structure? I really love to be a good and qualify Engineer. I
don’t mine if starting the course fresh with you, to enable have more knowledge in this field. Sir below is my
Email: [email protected]. My Phone Number : +2348032657209. I we really appreciate a
lot if you can help me to achieve my dream. Thanks
#260 by BenzuJK on February 9, 2013 - 7:54 am
Dear Stephen,
You can discuss and ask any questions you have on the blog and we will make sure that we answer them
as soon as possible.
This will also help in spread of knowledge among others as well.
Look forward to seeing you visit the blog.
Cheers
#261 by badmus on May 18, 2013 - 5:25 am
can a concrete of 150mm thick ,1.2m wide and 1.5m length crack without reinforcement(use as a walk way
#262 by BenzuJK on June 9, 2013 - 5:55 am
No. You have to provide reinforcement since it is going to be used as a walkway.
#263 by deepak on June 10, 2013 - 7:50 am
Hi,
Next year, I am planning to get my own house built. It is going to be a two storeyed one- 3 bedrooms (2 of
them on the ground floor), 1 kitchen cum dining room plus the a bathroom, and a not-too-big living room (with
a large French window). Now the issue is-I already have a one storeyed house (where i am living now) and I
want to join this one with the 2 storeyed. So waht would be the best way to lay the foundation keeping the
one storeyed in mind . I don’t have plenty of land area.
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The size of the plot is 175ft x 80ft (the house where I am staying at present itself has covered 90ft x 40ft ).
N.B.- I WANT A SMALL BUT A LOVELY COMPACT HOUSE.
Kindly advise,
Thank you in advance,
Deep
#264 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 4:59 pm
Hello Deepak,
There is some good news I would like to share with you.
Civil Projects Online has officially launched its Architectural and Structural design services. So, you can
interact with the experts to get your house constructed right.
Take a look at the services offered. You can write to them if there are questions in your mind.
Architectural and Structural Design Services by Civil Projects Online
Look forward to hearing from you.
Cheers
#265 by deepak on June 10, 2013 - 7:58 am
THIS SITE IS REALLY VERY INTERESTING AND HELPFUL UNLIKE MANY ALIKE
#266 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 4:48 pm
Hello Deepak,
I am glad the site has been helpful to you. Keep sharing the articles and keep visiting.
Cheers
#267 by Er.samuel on June 28, 2013 - 9:38 pm
can u explain me about the lap rod for the plinth beam how to design.
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#268 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 4:43 pm
Hello Samuel,
I am sure what you mean by a lap rod. There is something called a lap joint in beams. When two separate
rods are placed side by side in a column or beam to extend the lenght of the rods, they form a lap joint.
However, you have to be very careful with lap joints. There are several rules to be kept in mind.
1) Make sure that the lap joint formation does not happen at the column-beam junction.
2) The distance from where the lap joint should starts depends on the depth of the beam. For example, if
the depth of the beam is 250mm, the lap joint should start after a distance of the twice the depth of the
beam i.e. 500mm.
#269 by Raju on June 29, 2013 - 4:57 am
We are building a house(apartment type) with four residential units of 700 sq ft each, two on each floor. The
bldg should be able to construct another floor similar later.
I saw the contractor putting 18 pits for column footing about 10 ft apart each. He had used the lowest
concrete filling for about 4 inches. The other mesh work and column work has to start. He said the columns
will be 30 x 22What should be the other dimensions of rods, and mesh for the footing and columns? Is his
plan OK? He said he is using the rock-sand( not the river sand) inratio 1:6 I think.is itOkay?He said he is
taking the guidance of a structural engineer. I have not met the engineer.
#270 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 4:32 pm
Hello Raju,
There is some good news I would like to share with you.
Today, Civil Projects Online has officially launched its Architectural and Structural Design Services offered
through the website. In your case, you might need to consult with regards to reviewing the structural
design of your building. Our experts go through the structural design drawings in depth and let you know if
the drawings are upto the standard. They would also love to hear from you and answer all your questions.
Take a look.
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#271 by shraddha on July 2, 2013 - 12:51 am
can you explain me what is eccentric foundation…and where can i find any information on the same?
#272 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 4:24 pm
Hello Shraddha,
Eccentric foundation is one in which the column does not stand in the centre of the foundation base. It
stands in one of the four corners of the foundation base.
Have a look at this image.
Eccentric foundation
#273 by Ravi bhushan Mishra on July 2, 2013 - 10:23 pm
Ravi bhushan Mishra :
First of all i want to thank you for solving/replying regarding the technical issues time to
time asked by us – please provide me the detail in step by step for the constructional
procedure of WBM road in hilly areas and what are the important points to be kept in
mind during the work.
I am waiting for your valuable reply.
Regards,
Ravi Bhushan mishra.
#274 by kenli nyorak on July 15, 2013 - 10:50 pm
can u advise me, for three stories (G+2) rcc building what foundation should be suitable in hard soil. Depth
=?
Area(LxB) =? Reinforcement=?
#275 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 4:15 pm
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Hello Kenli,
Check out our professional design services.
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#276 by Gokul on July 23, 2013 - 11:33 pm
Hello Benz,
I buying a house which is being constructed now, the size of the building area is 17 x 40 feet.
Ground floor, 631 sq.ft and first floor 731 sq ft is planned for construction. How many pillars and rods size are
required for this type of plan and how much maximum span can be provided from pillar to pillar.
#277 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 12:44 pm
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#278 by Gokul on July 23, 2013 - 11:34 pm
Hello Benz,
I am buying a house which is being constructed now, the size of the building area is 17 x 40 feet.
Ground floor, 631 sq.ft and first floor 731 sq ft is planned for construction. How many pillars and rods size are
required for this type of plan and how much maximum span can be provided from pillar to pillar.
#279 by BenzuJK on July 26, 2013 - 12:43 pm
Get your drawings reviewed by the experts on Civil Projects Online.
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#280 by karaki on August 4, 2013 - 12:29 am
i encountered in my work a column placed directly on rock without foundation,,, any literature you have on
this ?
#281 by Molla reda on August 11, 2013 - 8:59 pm
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I want to design the structural analysis of footing foundation and Bar detail having acolumn 0.3*0.4m with
4tone of load acting on the column. please can you show me the detail steps and it,s detail.
#282 by venkatesh on August 16, 2013 - 10:02 am
dear sir, i am building a 1565 sq feet house with 17 columns,12 x 4 nos rods and 10 x 2 mm rods (vertical
bars), 6 mm tie bars are used,10 mm rods are used for footings with 4 x 4 feet, deep is 4 feet and is rocky
area.pl tell me how many floors i can build. pl urgent
#283 by BenzuJK on October 22, 2013 - 8:22 am
Hello Venkatesh,
We have replied to your query in detail on your email address. We hope that will be useful. We look
forward to hearing from you.
#284 by Phani on August 17, 2013 - 9:29 pm
Hi Benz,
I am having 29′ X 60′ plot in Bangalore and started house construction with help of a builder. Builder
proposed 15 columns – 15” x 9” 16mm 8 rods for each column, soil is bit loose mud. Currently builder is
making 1’ 6” concrete footing for each column in 5’ x 5’ X 6’ (w x l x b). My doubt is 1’ 6” footing is sufficient
of 3floors building?
#285 by BenzuJK on October 22, 2013 - 8:17 am
Oh my God, that is a total disaster. We have replied to your query in detail on your email address. We look
forward to hearing from you.
#286 by murty on August 18, 2013 - 7:59 am
sir,
What should be the depth of a footing for a G PLUS 4 CONSTRUCTION with 2000 sft for each floor. How
many columns are roughly required. (Considering it to be hard soil.)
#287 by BenzuJK on October 22, 2013 - 8:08 am
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Hello Murthy,
I strongly suggest that you follow the design procedures put up on the website. There is no such thumb
rule for the number of footings. That would be very wrong. Every project is different and has to be
designed carefully. I hope you got my point.
Cheers
#288 by sai on August 25, 2013 - 10:37 am
Hi Benz,
I am planning to buy a flat at a G+13 apartment complex. Soil foundation seems to be granite layer and they
have pillars every 6′ or 8′ distance. Most pillars are of 3′ x 1.5′ and some are 2.7′ x 1′
However, only few pillars have been built with 25mm iron rod, all other are mostly 16mm rod mesh.
Do you think using 16mm iron rods like this can be reliable ?
If you could categorize it as not-OK, OK, good etc. that will be really helpful for me.
thanks
sai
#289 by BenzuJK on October 22, 2013 - 8:06 am
Hello Sachin,
This looks ok but not really good.
I apologize for the delay in replying. Have you already bought the house?
#290 by Ahmed A on October 7, 2013 - 3:31 am
Hi,
I am constructing a 2-storey building with a basement, sunk 5′ below the ground level. The size of the
building is 30×30. I have excavated 5′ below the basement level with a 1mx1m trench for footing which has
hard gravel.(a) is this depth of 5′ for the footing enough? (b) what can be the dimension of the RCC column
(c) can I use 12mm steel bars-8 nos? please suggest.
#291 by BenzuJK on October 22, 2013 - 7:59 am
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Hello Mr. Ahmed,
This project needs further calculations for structural details. We have replied to your query on your email
address provided. I hope that will be useful. We look forward to hearing from you.
#292 by NIK on October 16, 2013 - 6:09 am
I m working on G+1 Sructure. I used coloumn of size 9″X9″, 9″X12″, 9″X16″. Ground strata is very good. I
need to know the footing details like its pit size,depth, mesh size, dia and no of bars etc for each coloumn.
plz help me out as soon as psbl. Thank you.
#293 by BenzuJK on October 22, 2013 - 7:52 am
Hello Nikhil,
We have replied to your query on your email address. We look forward to hearing from you.
#294 by Abdul Mubeen on October 19, 2013 - 7:03 am
steel reinforcement are not laid as straight rods on the slab crank are given, is it for alternate layers for
compression and tensile strength improvement ? what should be the minimum concrete covered on the steel
when concrete is poured.
#295 by Ahmed on October 20, 2013 - 10:39 am
Hello Sir,
We are constructing a four floor building with stilt floor for parking plus 4 floors and a pent house on a 2400
sqft plot, I would like to know the min and max steel bar size to be used by the contractor for column footing
and RCC Columns and what shall be width of the footing and column.
Note: each floor has a single 3BHK flat. Please reply.
Appreciate your support with Thanks and Regards.
Ahmed.
#296 by BenzuJK on October 22, 2013 - 7:40 am
Hello Mr. Ahmed,
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We have emailed you regarding your query. We look forward to hearing from you.
#297 by devidas jaijar on October 23, 2013 - 9:48 am
restoration of cracks in stone masonary -let me know the procedure and methodology and list of firms who
take up the such works
#298 by sankhadeep saha on October 27, 2013 - 7:23 am
Sir,
I have a query regarding my house on a plot of 800sqft. The structure doesnot have a concrete roof (has
asbestos sheet). It has nine concrete pillar but the tie beam is a raised one (the usual ones I see are under
ground). 12 inch rods have been used throughout for all the pillars and tie beam. The structure is 14 years
old. The plot is on a plain land. Presently I wish to develop my house into a two storeyed building with
concrete roof. I want to know that will it be possible to develop it keeping the existing structure in place (with
additions if any) ? Or do I need to raze the entire structure down and build it from scratch??
Thanks and regards.
Sankhadeep Saha,Kolkata.
#299 by sankhadeep saha on October 27, 2013 - 7:27 am
Sir,
In continuation to my previous comment, I think the dimension o f the rods would be 12mm and not 12inch.
Sorry for the error. Hope to hear from you.
Thanks and regards
Sankhadeep Saha,Kolkata
#300 by LYNET on November 7, 2013 - 11:13 am
Hellow sir
We are constructing a building with columns. The starter bars were 10mm in diameter and now we want to
use 12mm bars as the main bars. Is it possible? Can starter bars be smaller than the main bars? Thanx
Best regards
Lyn
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#301 by Narang Gumbo on November 15, 2013 - 9:01 am
I am constructing a G+1 building measuring 9.5 M x19 M with column size 30 cm x 30 with 6 nos 12 mm rod
with 8 mm rod for ring. Please advice, whether suitable or not?
#302 by Raju on November 21, 2013 - 7:06 am
Dear Sir ,
I am going to build a 12oo sq ft new 3 storied building on hard soil .
Here the following constuctional structures are used for building 3 storied houses .
Column base – 4 x 4 ft with 12 mm tmt ( 6 inches gap ) , 10 mm ( 4 inches gap )
Column – 4 pieces 16mm or 6 pieces 12 mm tmt bars
Beams – 2pieces 16mm + 2 pieces 12 mm tmt bars or 6 pieces 12 mm tmt bars with 16mm cranes in both .
Please inform me , which type is suitable for a 3 storied building ?
Which type of tmt bars shall I use in my house – cheap but best ?
Thank you .
#303 by EV Subhasbabu on December 11, 2013 - 6:48 am
don;t go with out proper design because there is two situations in RCC 1.Under reinforced section and the
other is over reinforced section if you provide over reinforcement the structure is not give any hints and
suddenly collapse with out any warning signs where as under reinforced member will give you sufficient
hints about its situation before collapse. this will get from design of the structure.. Best is Limit state
method. u will get minimum thick of member and appropriated qty of steel
#304 by srinibas on December 3, 2013 - 12:50 am
Hello Sir,
We are constructing a four floor building with stilt floor for parking plus 4 floors and a pent house on a 510
sqft plot, I would like to know the min and max steel bar size to be used by the contractor for column footing
and RCC Columns and what shall be width of the footing and column.
Note: each floor has a single 1BHK flat. Please reply.
Appreciate your support with Thanks and Regards.
Ahmed.
#305 by EV Subhasbabu on December 11, 2013 - 6:39 am
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The Bearing capacity of the soil is not mentioned. The minimum diameter for footing is 12mm dia depth of
footing not less than 15 inches using M25 concrete column minimum 12mm dia bar col. size 300x300mm
is sufficient footing size is 5′-0″ 5′-0″ for 100Kn/Sqm bearing capacity
#306 by Amit on December 14, 2013 - 3:53 am
Hello Sir ,
what will be the column footing size , bar for a 3 storied house on solid hard soil ? which bar should be used
in beams and columns ? the max distance between the columns are 12 ft .
Thank you for your response .
Warm Regards
Amit .
#307 by subhashree sandipta nayak on December 22, 2013 - 10:44 pm
i am going to built a building of 82’6″x21’6″ & the total wall length is 327’0″.The staircase size is 10’0″x18’0″.i
have planned to do 21nos.of column in G.F.of size 5’x5’x5′.pl kiendly instruct me how to do the cpolumn
design beam design(Rod design with drawing).with all details.pl.guide me.
#308 by Sampath Kumar on January 9, 2014 - 9:04 am
For a roof slab measuring, 13ft x 22ft with a high ceiling of 17ft, how many columns and beams are required?
Please let me know with dimensions of columns and beams.
Regards.
#309 by BenzuJK on January 15, 2014 - 9:32 pm
Hello Sampath,
Would you like to discuss your project in detail? I cannot tell you the number of columns. There are
massive calculations to be done in order to determine them for structural safety.
I look forward to hearing from you.
#310 by lawal saddiq on January 28, 2014 - 4:36 pm
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Pls help me with approach on foundation footing sizing.
#311 by Vishal on January 29, 2014 - 11:43 pm
Hello Ben ,
I am to build a G+2 building by extending and renovating a single storied building . The existing building is
with 30×30″ footing with 8mm rod , 4 pieces 12mm rods in columns ( column to column distance is not more
than 11 ‘ in the building ) , 4 pieces 12 mm and one 16mm rod as crane in the tie beam on the ground ., wall
5″ brick . But there is no beam under the roof .
Now I want to extend it to a G+2 building with larger rooms , balcony etc but don’t want to demolish the
existing building ( may break some parts of roof , floor ; but will keep the building ) .
Is it possible ? Please guide me ! I am really anxious .
#312 by BenzuJK on February 16, 2014 - 10:06 pm
On a G+2 building, load on a typical column could go upto 50 tonnes, sometimes higher or lower
depending on the building plan, column to column distance and other factors… That would mean columns
of atleast 9″ X 15″ using M20 grade concrete or higher… with a minimum of 6 bars of 12 MM. Footing size
would depend on the bearing capacity of soil. For a good soil of 25 tonnes/square meter bearing capacity,
the area of a typical footing would have to be Load/Bearing Capacity = 50/25 = 2 Square Meters.
So, I believe you current footing size and steel would be inadequate for a G+2 building. It would be very
unsafe. Please don’t do it.
#313 by Noel on February 10, 2014 - 8:57 pm
It could be better sir if you show also the design for combined footing, strap footing, mat foundation etc.
Thanks for this design.
#314 by Ramakrishnaiah on March 4, 2014 - 10:32 am
in my house construction, instead of 1:1.5:3 proportion of concrete, 1:3:4 concrete is put without proper
supervision. Now only footing work is done. site is 30×40. house is still+2 floors. there are nine columns of
size 9″X15″ and 3 columns of 9″X18″. I am worried about the strength of concrete in footing. is it sufficient?
Pls help me.
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#315 by BenzuJK on March 20, 2014 - 5:53 pm
Hello Ramakrishnaiah,
How is it even possible to know whether the footings are sufficient? A structural designer would assess the
total load coming onto the footings, then determining the size and depth of footings based on load and
safe bearing capacity of soil. There is no way for me to ascertain any of that.
#316 by raji joseph on August 14, 2014 - 12:47 pm
what is the difference between floating slab at plinth level and basement
#317 by raji joseph on August 14, 2014 - 12:49 pm
if any possibility of unequal settlement due to filled earth what is the requirements needed?
and what is the difference between floating slab at plinth level and basement
#318 by Mahantesh on August 15, 2014 - 10:56 pm
Hello,
Hall Size is 20′X10′, and bed rooms size is 13′X10′ , foundation is 8 feet. please advice how much could be
the plinth beam size will do ?
#319 by Raphael on August 19, 2014 - 8:42 pm
Hello Sir, could you advise me on the minimum number of beams that could carry a slab in a room of 66
square meters if there are eight coloumns distributed right round along the walls? Note that the slab would
serve as the floor of a classroom for thirty children of 12 years of age each.
#320 by Malaika on September 14, 2014 - 2:45 pm
can anyone tell me how to take the effect of vibration on a footing design.
#321 by manzoor on September 15, 2014 - 11:13 am
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Dear benz .I purchased a two story building but foundation is without column it 15 year old building can you
tell me it is safe for long time year.
#322 by BenzuJK on November 25, 2014 - 10:11 pm
Well, it depends if it is RCC structure or if the structure has load bearing walls.
#323 by Syed Anas on September 21, 2014 - 9:53 pm
This website is very helpful, thank you very much,
I have one question please, what type of footing is best for residential building G+1,2 and 3
Tapper or Flat footing
Best regards
#324 by balaganesh on September 24, 2014 - 9:29 pm
How to design a square pile or design procedure for pile foundation
#325 by Wasim on September 30, 2014 - 9:18 am
Hello sir,
i’m designing a building 50’x90′(G+2) so can u plz advise me that what should be size of foundation(lxbxh) &
also what should be depth of foundation below G.L?
#326 by Chanti on October 6, 2014 - 11:08 am
Dear sir,
I have one request, that is I have 26’X65′ site, the soil is black cotton soil (I mean paddy cultivation land), I
would like to construct three storied residential building at the size of 20’X35′ can u arrange foundation
design parameters please.
Thanking you
#327 by Joy Koyu on October 16, 2014 - 2:39 am
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Respected Sir
I have plot of land 50×80 feet having steep terrain in lose soil. I want to construct 4 storied building. Kindly
help me foundation design. Thanking you Sir
Regards,
Joy Koyu
#328 by Chellappan on October 16, 2014 - 10:46 am
Dear Chanti,
The process of constructing any house will be first to prepare a drawing, it should contain the size of the
building such as Hall, Bed room, Kitchen, etc.,. The roof height and the number of floors also should plan.
The details should be given to a structural engineer to do the design and fix up the column position to
transfer the safe load to the foundation. Soil testing report also very important to decide the type of
foundation and depth of foundation. Please consult a Structural Engineer to design the building and live
safely. self medication will kill the people similarly it is not advised to construct a building with out involving
the professionals.
Thanks & Regards
A.Chellappan, ME ( Str )., MIAStructE.,
Registered Structural Engineer
BCC/BL-3.6/S.E & Member of IASE M-127
#329 by Puneeth. A on October 20, 2014 - 12:12 am
Dear sir
Suggest me a number and size of piller n beam to build a duplex in 20*30 site . soil is having good strength
please give me full detail like length n type of pillar n dista between them.
#330 by Puneeth. A on October 20, 2014 - 8:08 am
Can u suggest me thickness of outside n inside wall to 20*30 site duplex
#331 by BenzuJK on October 21, 2014 - 12:25 pm
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If it is an RCC framed structure, the walls don’t carry any load. But for protection from natural elements like
rain, summer heat and some insulation from winter cold, it is recommended to build 9″ thick external walls.
Internal walls are partition walls, so a 4″ thick wall should suffice.
#332 by Dries on November 6, 2014 - 5:24 pm
Good day Sir
We are constructing a steel undercover storage 39′ 5″ x 98′ 5″. Consisting out of 16 columns (8 front & 8
back) 19′ 6″ high with corrugated roof. Please advise the size plinths we need to cast for the 4 hold down
bolts of each of the I beams (8″ x 6″ 8mm thick) used for the columns in the construction. The soil where this
storage area will be erected contain no rock content. A forklift will be operated on the floor with up to 20 ton
loads. Please advise the reinforcement required for the floor and the distribution thereof. Thank you.
#333 by krish on December 1, 2014 - 11:03 pm
3.5 meters by 3×5 meters
ground is only rock can we just put concerete
and buld 2 story.
#334 by BenzuJK on July 16, 2015 - 6:28 pm
No you cant. It has to be RCC even if it is all rocky.
#335 by Amit Mitra on December 25, 2014 - 2:05 pm
Dear Sir,
We have faced a problem that our civil foundation diameter is 50 mm less than that of our equipment base
plate outer diameter.
Please advise what can be done to eradicate this problem.
Regards,
Amit Mitra
#336 by RAVI.M.S on January 23, 2015 - 10:32 pm
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Sir, i have to construct a framed building in a soil of SBC of 100Tons/m2. The load from the coloumns is
approximately 50Tons/m2. The footing size calculated is nearly 0.50m2. Is is practically possible. Please
inform the minimum width of footing if any.
#337 by BenzuJK on February 18, 2015 - 12:47 pm
Your assumptions are wrong. Never in my life have I seem any design of foundation with SBC of 100 Tons
per square meter. Even the hardest, stable, rocky soil is assumed to have a SBC of 35 Tons per meter
square. That is the maximum.
The minimum size of any foundation, even for a 1 storey house, should be 1 square meter. That is the
minimum. You go up from there…
#338 by nitu on January 31, 2015 - 7:12 am
What will happen if a double Storied RCC building is built on a soft soil with isolated footing.
#339 by BenzuJK on February 18, 2015 - 12:38 pm
There will be no danger to the structure if the design is good. If you have determined the safe bearing
capacity of the soil, and know the maximum load on the footing, then you can determine the size of the
footing that has to be used.
There might be some differential settlement between different columns, but not enough to be a major
issue.
#340 by Gerald on February 9, 2015 - 11:54 pm
Hi is it alright to use a hybrid type – Combination of load bearing and framing?
#341 by BenzuJK on February 14, 2015 - 3:10 pm
Yes, there is no harm is using a combination of load bearing and framing structure.
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#342 by otung on March 28, 2015 - 2:15 pm
sir,
Depth of Footing 6′, footing Mesh size 5’x5′ of 12mm rod, column 16mm 4nos and 12mm 4nos. column c/c
maximum 4mtr. soil not hard but river course soil. is it suitable for G+3 ?
I’m confussed
#343 by Kumar on April 19, 2015 - 12:00 pm
I wish to construct 30ft*25ft size first storey on the 40ft*25ft ground floor building. Ground floor is constrcuted
without pillars.
1) how do I determine if foundation is enough to rasie first floor without pillars
2) possibility of laying pillars now.
#344 by BenzuJK on July 16, 2015 - 5:51 pm
This job would not be possible without a trained structural engineer. Please do not take the risk of doing it
yourself. The consequences could be dangerous.
#345 by Amin on April 22, 2015 - 8:51 pm
I am planning to construct G+2 on a 30×40 plot.it was a agriculture land filled with loose soil for surface
levelling.Would like to know if 9 columns 12″×9″ at a c/c distance of 8.5 feet with a footing of 3 ‘×3′ at a depth
of 5’ is enough to with stand building load.
#346 by BenzuJK on July 15, 2015 - 5:29 pm
No it is not. It is a very bad design. I would suggest you consult a civil engineer. Doing it on your own
without any technical knowledge is dangerous.
#347 by surendra on April 22, 2015 - 11:05 pm
sir i want to know that can a rcc slab 3.05m x 5.80m size 15cm thick reinforced with 10mm dia bars 15cm c/c
spacing both in main & distribution is already casted . Now i want to construct first storey above it . accoding
to my design i have to cast a 23cm thick brick wall 3.05m long 3.60m high above that rcc slab of ground
floor . there is not any beam below that slab to carry load of brick wall . Can i construct that wall with giving a
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beam 23cm wide & 15cm thick with 4 bars 12 mm dia and 2 bars 16 mm dia to withstand load of that wall &
slab above it .
#348 by gunju on April 23, 2015 - 10:42 am
explain me about pile foundation in deeply..
#349 by Nityanand Nayak on April 26, 2015 - 12:46 pm
Sir, One of civil Engineers suggested that house with Ground Floor and First floor can build without coloumn
& Beam. Floor area is aprox 1600 Sq. Ft.(2 BHK). Ground is hard. Red stone is using for foundation and
wall. Wall width is 9 inch.
He suggest that putting one beam at ground, next beam at plinth level and third beam at lintel level and
giving slab load on wall. Pl suggest about this design.
#350 by manoj on May 10, 2015 - 12:36 am
dear sir,
i would like to construct a home at kerala ekm dist near munammbam. my plan consisting 150m2 plinth area
and 90 m2 for f floor , the soil is ordinary black soil the maximum span of the wall is 4.5 mtr,height 3.1 mtr
and using brck/block wall thickness 24 cm after plastering, if i am go through rcc framed structure what are
the size of column,and footing slabs, depth of the footing, depth of the footing slab,and ground beam
size,and its rebar sizes, if providing lintel belt, is it required top beam connecting all the columns below the
rcc slab . awaiting your valuable reply
with regards
manoj
#351 by Ganga on May 12, 2015 - 1:27 pm
can anyone please tell me do we need to consider soil load into account while designing column footing?
#352 by Nijas on May 31, 2015 - 11:56 am
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Haiii,
I am a fresh one in this field, can u explane how to do footing ???
#353 by Risab on June 5, 2015 - 7:53 am
I am constructing a residential G+1 building. I have given the work of construction to a contractor. Due to soil
having lower bearing capacity, my contractor advised me to bore well upto 10 to 12 ft. and then fill the same
with white sand. He told that this process is called ‘sand piling’ and it will increase the bearing capacity of
soil.
My question is- Whether this ‘sand pilling’ is sufficient for G+1 building having area of (1200+1200) sqft.?
Kindly reply.
#354 by BenzuJK on July 9, 2015 - 9:01 pm
I cannot answer that question since I do not have all the details of the site type and its topograpgy. I would
recommend that you consult a local structural engineer to help you out with calculations. It is a big risk you
are taking.
#355 by Santiago on June 13, 2015 - 9:01 pm
This site is very helpful
#356 by Trevor Mike on July 19, 2015 - 2:40 pm
I am designing a rc footing for a 500cm bolted steel resevior tank raised 15m high on 9 steel columns. I have
the geotechnical report, the calculations for the weights of the tank materials and the water when full, I need
advice on how to proceed?.
#357 by Prakaasam on August 15, 2015 - 8:49 pm
I have to erect one Billboard 80′ high 4′ dia M.S pole and V-shaped displays 40’x40′ each with a distance of
20′ on the rear end of V.Approximate weight in total 34 tonnes.The SBC is 30 t/mt and wind loads around
44m/sec.This is in India Hyderabad.The pole will be immedialely adjacent to the R.C.C retaining wall and the
foudation has to be in the opposite direction away from the retaining wall which runs 30′ under natural
ground level.
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#358 by bilal on September 18, 2015 - 7:48 am
Please explain we need to construct another storey over a house size 65’*22′ already rooms constructed are
smaller then the rooms we will construct on the first floor, kindly explain how many columns we required
#359 by keerthi on October 3, 2015 - 1:38 am
Hi,
can anyone explain how the construction goes for a footing of size 5′ x 5′ , depth – 18″ with dia of 10mm steel
at 5″ double mat. what is this double mat in this footing construction??
#360 by Rajesh Nayak on October 14, 2015 - 1:23 pm
can you explain, how to design the footing i mean depth,width,height
#361 by Anand Rao on November 29, 2015 - 8:23 am
Dear Mr.BenzuJK
My architect proposes 12 Nos column in 4×3 grid (4 columns along 40′ side of plot and 3 columns along the
30′ side of the plot). Of the 12 columns, 6 Nos of columns are of 9″x9″ on the outer right & Back sides of the
40’x30′ plot size balance 6 Nos columns are 9″x12″ (3 columns of the left side and 3 nos of the center line of
plot. The Reinforcement size suggested is 12 mm – 4 Nos with 6mm stirrups/ties @ 200mm c/c distance. I
plan to build GF + 1 Floor presently and add one floor later.
The column raft is 4’x4′ for all columns. Thickness of raft-slab not givecn by architect, reinforcement details of
raft not given by architect.
1st floor and roof Slabs planned to be 100mm thick.
Is the building design safe? I have asked the builder to hold construction till I get some confirmation.
Thanks in advance for any guidance.
#362 by BenzuJK on December 15, 2015 - 8:42 pm
There are many factors that determine the size and reinforcement of columns and footings. There is no
simple answer. There is a procedure to calculate axial load and bending stresses on columns. Once you
know that, you decide on the strength of concrete you would want to use. Depending on that, you can
design the columns.
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Footing size and steel depends on the safe bearing capacity of soil. Same thing, no simple answer.
What your architect has proposed seems safe from my experience for a G+1 building. But there are some
unknowns too.
#363 by Hanumesh Hiremani on December 20, 2015 - 5:34 pm
Dear Sir,
How to identify the type of footing to be constructed based on foundation area and plot area…?
#364 by Murali on December 27, 2015 - 11:07 pm
Sir,
I have started my two storey house, The plot was Excavated about 1.5m from Original ground level. The
problem is that the strength of the soil is reduced. It is see that red earth is dust type. What are the provisions
i have adopted here for a good foundation?
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