Freedom of information malaysia
Content
PRIVACY AND FREEDOM OF INFORMATION
PRIVACY Privacy is the ability of one or a group of individuals to maintain life and personal affairs of the public, or to control the flow of information about themselves. Questions have been emphasized in initiating any discussion of the notion of privacy is to determine the limits of privacy. Privacy means freedom, liberty, or freedom. Meaning of freedom or privacy. Freedom includes a human nature, which is generally the experts have the same conception that freedom there is in every human being. In decryption, freedom is always good no limit weaknesses internal and external. Basically, it does not mean freedom to do as it is there is a limit to recognize and respect the rights and obligations of every human being in general.
WHAT IS FOI What is Freedo Of Information, which is today understood more generally as freedom of expression in any medium, whether be it orally, writing, print, through Internet or art forms. The protection of freedom of speech as a right includes not only the content, but also means of expression. Freedom of information also refer to the right to privacy in the context of the Internet and information technology. Freedom of information related human rights include freedom of expression, data protection (privacy), freedom of association and right to development. The concept freedom lies not only in the implementation of laws restricting movement, participation, conversation, political activity or economic interest but also by the acceptance of an individual of the limits, seen and unseen, that is imposed on him by the higher authority, be it a government or a majority group out to suppress the minority. Freedom of information allows the public to form its opinion through individual thought and as such is an extremely powerful tool of individual liberty.
IMPORTANCE OF FREEDOM OF INFORMATION
An indispensable tool for productivity Instantaneously, any call for greater FOI would evoke fear. Minutes of meetings, policy discussions, research papers and other documents could be retrieved. An ordinary civil servant would in reality, have to work in the manner that is expected of him as one serving in the administration of the country. There is no room of complacency, slip-shod work or even illict deals. Scrutiny is expected not only from his superiors but also from the man on the streets. If one fears that civil servants would rot in the lull of having a stable job not subjected to profit targets or level of efficiency targets pressed for in the private sector, then FOI is the glaring eye that would alter that misconception. Fear of the unknown, having to answer to the world at large, is the equivalent of having ears and eyes of the people in offices. All it would take is a request, which by standards of FOI, cannot be reasonably refused and any mistakes would be known to all.
Blowing the whistle - Legally The term blowing the whistle depicts a situation where one secretly announces a slipup, a misdeed or other ‘bad practices’. Anything bad, illegal, corrupted, is never committed in the open for all to see. If it is in the open, it was upon discovery or investigation, never by choice. Increasing secrecy and denying access would inevitably mean sowing the seeds of corruption. In Malaysia, we hardly hear of the whistleblowers consisting of civil servants. Most of the ‘revelations’ if made, would be by opposition politicians. As mentioned earlier, the culture of fear is so strong that even personal conviction or moral and religious principles hardly serve as a motivation to uncover the truth. Hence, the constant public reliance on rumours forwarded mails and possible theories, all without authenticated sources.
Media for the people One of the beneficiaries of FOI, apart from the ordinary citizen would be the media. A proactive median would naturally result as FOI promotes investigates journalism. The inextricable link between free press, free speech and FOI is undeniable. At a glance, these three body of rights may be termed as having the same genus. In the present climate, admittedly, there is only so much investigation that can be done. We are all to familiar with the expression a reliable source of information when reference is made to news which could not be officially authenticated or quoted. Devoid of FOI rights, even the alternative press could not embark on a aggresive journey to uncover the truth and seek information. Again, rumour mongering and speculation cannot be viable source of news.
True Development An accountable administration would naturally be one which is representative, responsible, and democratic. Corruption would lessen and society's resources would be effectively channeled towards development. For holistic growth and advancement, an FOI act which truly confers upon the citizen the legal right for access to all information held by government is the possible answer. The benefit it confers to the ordinary man is enormous. Even as a consumer, he will benefit. As a means to uncover truth, FOI allows the exercise of democratic choice for consumers. State regulatory agencies and purchasing organizations would make information on industry products available to the public. Even invironmental (Non government organization) would have access to the environment assessment studies. Although businesses would still be able to withhold certain business information submitted for official purposes would be accessible and subjected to disclosure.
A Human Right This right which is conferred has to be balanced off with the responsibilities which shall only be rights as provided by law and are necessary. At this juncture, reference must be made to the malaysian constitution, the fundamental law of the land. Admittedly, the constitution fails to explicitly mention FOI. We are all too familiar with freedom of expression, association or freedom of religion but not FOI. It is only of late that calls for FOI have resonated at a more significant level when in actual fact, FOI is an inalienable right which cannot be transgressed and violated. Right to information is, after all, a human right.
Causes That Lead To The Freedom Of Information Act Regulated Cyber crime can happen anywhere unnoticed. There are many factors leading cyber crime occurs. According to newspaper articles, entitled "The public is not aware of the risk of cyber crime" states the ratio of the probability of cyber crimes happening now at Level 1: 5 from burglary crime only 1: 30.'s Certainly alarming but not given attention as the excuse criminals can not be seen. There is other info that can be known through the ahkbar of cyber crime that happens every 0:25 seconds worldwide which include extortion, threats from viruses, greedy hackers, phishing, anti-spyware infections and malware. The causes is the attitude of some people or human attitude of greed. Crime is committed by cyber criminals who lust for money so willing to cheat to get the voucher. For example the sale and purchase of goods on the internet where the goods sold are non-existent while buyers have been cheated when they pay a subscription price of using credit cards. Just as social attitudes of greed which want to get rich overnight. This can be seen when there are people are fooled by get rich quick schemes that appear on the site are not registered and managed if the party is not responsible. In addition, those who are less literate also cause them to become victims of cyber crime and the causes of the spread of this crime. Such groups are often easily duped by criminals. This problem occurs when the community is looking for opportunities to improve the quality of life in a way because it's easy to take the opportunities available on this website without checking.
Not least for those who keep envy and revenge. Such feelings may invite a person to do cyber crimes such as hacking, stealing personal information, spreading rumors and spread the virus to someone without control. This all will damage the image or the dignity of a person and cause one to suffer losses in terms of money.
Moreover, the policy of a borderless world is proclaimed by the West to be the main driver of this criminal offense. Difficulty in identifying offenders who commit cyber crime cyber crimes cause is easy to do and it came with rampant.
These are computer crime involving Freedom Of Information :
Unauthorized Access to Computer Sistem and Service Crimes committed by entering / infiltrate into a computer network system illegally, without permission or without the knowledge of the owner of the computer network system that enters. Illegal Contents A crime by entering data or information to the internet on something that is untrue, unethical, and may be unlawful or disturb public order. Data Forgery Is a crime to falsify data on important documents stored as scriptless document via internet. Cyber Espionage Is a crime that utilizing the Internet to conduct spy on the other hand, the system enters the target computer network system. Cyber Sabotage and Extortion This crime is done by making noise, vandalism or destruction of data, computer program or computer network systems that connect to the internet. Offense Against Intellectual property crime directed against the intellectual property rights of any party in the internet. An example is a web page that mimics the look on a site belonging to others illegally, broadcasting of any information on the internet which proved to be a trade secret of another person and so on. Infrigements of Privacy These crimes directed against a person information which is very private and confidential. These crimes are usually directed against the evidence of a form of
personal data stored in computerized, which if known by others will be victims of harmful material or immaterial, such as credit card number, ATM PIN numbers, defects or hidden disease.
FEATURE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION
Maximum Disclosure
The Obligation To Publish Information
Promoting Open Government
Restriction of scope exceptions
Processes to facilitate the acquisition of information
Cost (for information)
Disclosure of information is a priority
Protection for whistleblower (whistle blower)
Government can withhold information that it determines falls under one of nine categories that is exempt under FOI. These categories, are as follows:
Classified information that would damage national security
Internal information involving personnel rules
Material specifically shielded from disclosure by another law
Confidential commercial or financial data, like trade secrets
Records that would be privileged in litigation
Information that would invade someone’s privacy
Law enforcement records
Information related to government regulation of financial institutions
Certain geological/geographical data
PRIVACY Privacy is the ability of one or a group of individuals to maintain life and personal affairs of the public, or to control the flow of information about themselves. Questions have been emphasized in initiating any discussion of the notion of privacy is to determine the limits of privacy. Privacy means freedom, liberty, or freedom. Meaning of freedom or privacy. Freedom includes a human nature, which is generally the experts have the same conception that freedom there is in every human being. In decryption, freedom is always good no limit weaknesses internal and external. Basically, it does not mean freedom to do as it is there is a limit to recognize and respect the rights and obligations of every human being in general.
WHAT IS FOI What is Freedo Of Information, which is today understood more generally as freedom of expression in any medium, whether be it orally, writing, print, through Internet or art forms. The protection of freedom of speech as a right includes not only the content, but also means of expression. Freedom of information also refer to the right to privacy in the context of the Internet and information technology. Freedom of information related human rights include freedom of expression, data protection (privacy), freedom of association and right to development. The concept freedom lies not only in the implementation of laws restricting movement, participation, conversation, political activity or economic interest but also by the acceptance of an individual of the limits, seen and unseen, that is imposed on him by the higher authority, be it a government or a majority group out to suppress the minority. Freedom of information allows the public to form its opinion through individual thought and as such is an extremely powerful tool of individual liberty.
IMPORTANCE OF FREEDOM OF INFORMATION
An indispensable tool for productivity Instantaneously, any call for greater FOI would evoke fear. Minutes of meetings, policy discussions, research papers and other documents could be retrieved. An ordinary civil servant would in reality, have to work in the manner that is expected of him as one serving in the administration of the country. There is no room of complacency, slip-shod work or even illict deals. Scrutiny is expected not only from his superiors but also from the man on the streets. If one fears that civil servants would rot in the lull of having a stable job not subjected to profit targets or level of efficiency targets pressed for in the private sector, then FOI is the glaring eye that would alter that misconception. Fear of the unknown, having to answer to the world at large, is the equivalent of having ears and eyes of the people in offices. All it would take is a request, which by standards of FOI, cannot be reasonably refused and any mistakes would be known to all.
Blowing the whistle - Legally The term blowing the whistle depicts a situation where one secretly announces a slipup, a misdeed or other ‘bad practices’. Anything bad, illegal, corrupted, is never committed in the open for all to see. If it is in the open, it was upon discovery or investigation, never by choice. Increasing secrecy and denying access would inevitably mean sowing the seeds of corruption. In Malaysia, we hardly hear of the whistleblowers consisting of civil servants. Most of the ‘revelations’ if made, would be by opposition politicians. As mentioned earlier, the culture of fear is so strong that even personal conviction or moral and religious principles hardly serve as a motivation to uncover the truth. Hence, the constant public reliance on rumours forwarded mails and possible theories, all without authenticated sources.
Media for the people One of the beneficiaries of FOI, apart from the ordinary citizen would be the media. A proactive median would naturally result as FOI promotes investigates journalism. The inextricable link between free press, free speech and FOI is undeniable. At a glance, these three body of rights may be termed as having the same genus. In the present climate, admittedly, there is only so much investigation that can be done. We are all to familiar with the expression a reliable source of information when reference is made to news which could not be officially authenticated or quoted. Devoid of FOI rights, even the alternative press could not embark on a aggresive journey to uncover the truth and seek information. Again, rumour mongering and speculation cannot be viable source of news.
True Development An accountable administration would naturally be one which is representative, responsible, and democratic. Corruption would lessen and society's resources would be effectively channeled towards development. For holistic growth and advancement, an FOI act which truly confers upon the citizen the legal right for access to all information held by government is the possible answer. The benefit it confers to the ordinary man is enormous. Even as a consumer, he will benefit. As a means to uncover truth, FOI allows the exercise of democratic choice for consumers. State regulatory agencies and purchasing organizations would make information on industry products available to the public. Even invironmental (Non government organization) would have access to the environment assessment studies. Although businesses would still be able to withhold certain business information submitted for official purposes would be accessible and subjected to disclosure.
A Human Right This right which is conferred has to be balanced off with the responsibilities which shall only be rights as provided by law and are necessary. At this juncture, reference must be made to the malaysian constitution, the fundamental law of the land. Admittedly, the constitution fails to explicitly mention FOI. We are all too familiar with freedom of expression, association or freedom of religion but not FOI. It is only of late that calls for FOI have resonated at a more significant level when in actual fact, FOI is an inalienable right which cannot be transgressed and violated. Right to information is, after all, a human right.
Causes That Lead To The Freedom Of Information Act Regulated Cyber crime can happen anywhere unnoticed. There are many factors leading cyber crime occurs. According to newspaper articles, entitled "The public is not aware of the risk of cyber crime" states the ratio of the probability of cyber crimes happening now at Level 1: 5 from burglary crime only 1: 30.'s Certainly alarming but not given attention as the excuse criminals can not be seen. There is other info that can be known through the ahkbar of cyber crime that happens every 0:25 seconds worldwide which include extortion, threats from viruses, greedy hackers, phishing, anti-spyware infections and malware. The causes is the attitude of some people or human attitude of greed. Crime is committed by cyber criminals who lust for money so willing to cheat to get the voucher. For example the sale and purchase of goods on the internet where the goods sold are non-existent while buyers have been cheated when they pay a subscription price of using credit cards. Just as social attitudes of greed which want to get rich overnight. This can be seen when there are people are fooled by get rich quick schemes that appear on the site are not registered and managed if the party is not responsible. In addition, those who are less literate also cause them to become victims of cyber crime and the causes of the spread of this crime. Such groups are often easily duped by criminals. This problem occurs when the community is looking for opportunities to improve the quality of life in a way because it's easy to take the opportunities available on this website without checking.
Not least for those who keep envy and revenge. Such feelings may invite a person to do cyber crimes such as hacking, stealing personal information, spreading rumors and spread the virus to someone without control. This all will damage the image or the dignity of a person and cause one to suffer losses in terms of money.
Moreover, the policy of a borderless world is proclaimed by the West to be the main driver of this criminal offense. Difficulty in identifying offenders who commit cyber crime cyber crimes cause is easy to do and it came with rampant.
These are computer crime involving Freedom Of Information :
Unauthorized Access to Computer Sistem and Service Crimes committed by entering / infiltrate into a computer network system illegally, without permission or without the knowledge of the owner of the computer network system that enters. Illegal Contents A crime by entering data or information to the internet on something that is untrue, unethical, and may be unlawful or disturb public order. Data Forgery Is a crime to falsify data on important documents stored as scriptless document via internet. Cyber Espionage Is a crime that utilizing the Internet to conduct spy on the other hand, the system enters the target computer network system. Cyber Sabotage and Extortion This crime is done by making noise, vandalism or destruction of data, computer program or computer network systems that connect to the internet. Offense Against Intellectual property crime directed against the intellectual property rights of any party in the internet. An example is a web page that mimics the look on a site belonging to others illegally, broadcasting of any information on the internet which proved to be a trade secret of another person and so on. Infrigements of Privacy These crimes directed against a person information which is very private and confidential. These crimes are usually directed against the evidence of a form of
personal data stored in computerized, which if known by others will be victims of harmful material or immaterial, such as credit card number, ATM PIN numbers, defects or hidden disease.
FEATURE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION
Maximum Disclosure
The Obligation To Publish Information
Promoting Open Government
Restriction of scope exceptions
Processes to facilitate the acquisition of information
Cost (for information)
Disclosure of information is a priority
Protection for whistleblower (whistle blower)
Government can withhold information that it determines falls under one of nine categories that is exempt under FOI. These categories, are as follows:
Classified information that would damage national security
Internal information involving personnel rules
Material specifically shielded from disclosure by another law
Confidential commercial or financial data, like trade secrets
Records that would be privileged in litigation
Information that would invade someone’s privacy
Law enforcement records
Information related to government regulation of financial institutions
Certain geological/geographical data
