Hardware
Content
B. C. & M.
AR Ar$hite$t
Buildin%
Constru$tion
And
Material
A R ! " A R #
t Shukla, n t a h d d i S , i h th t a R t t y :- Anki ted B y it te Subm t Mishra Abhishek Anand, Am ta itabh y it Chaudhar Ud t y Mahesh var y n i p i V V R A : o To T ted it te Subm t
B.Arch 3rd Year (2013-14) J.M.S. School of Architecture, a!ur
C&'T#'TS
"oo# ard$are %oor i'e %oor o* %oor Cloer %oor Sto!!er itche ard$are
%oor +oc
Bathroo# ard$are
AR Ar$hite$t
( n
A hi'e is a type o* Bearin% that $onne$ts t+o solid obe$ts, typi$ally allo+in% only a limited an%le o* rotation bet+een them T+o T +o obe$ts $onne$ted $onne$ted by an ideal hin%e hin%e ro rotate tate relative to ea$h other about a ./ed a/is o* rotation in%es may be made o* 0e/ible material or o* movin% $omponents (n biolo%y, many oints *un$tion as hin%es
% AR Ar$hite$t
e ! o o r h (
There Ther e are many many types o* door hin%es The main types in$lude:
1. Barrel i'e +hi$h is a se$tional barrel se$ured by a pivot A barrel barrel is a $omponent o* a hin%e, that has a hollo+ $ylinder shaped se$tion +here the rotational bearin% *or$e is applied to the pivot, and may also have a s$re+ shaped se$tion *or *astenin% and1or drivin% the pivot
n % e s
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h (
2. iot i'e +hi$h pivot in openin%s in the 0oor and the top o* the door *rame Also re*erred to as a double-a$tin% 0oor hin%e This type is *ound *ound in an$ient dry s stone tone buildin%s
n % e s
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h (
2 Butt/Morti Butt/Mortie e i'e usually in threes or door *ours,and +hi$h are Most inset 3mortised4 into the *rame residential reside ntial hin%es *ound in the US are made o* steel, althou%h mortise hin%es *or e/terior doors are o*ten made o* brass or stainless steel to prevent $orr $orrosion osion
n % e s
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h ( n % e s
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r
Sie of !ei '
3. 3. 5567
5hice
4 4 5867
4. 4 5297
4. 4.
5297
5;7
of Metal Metal 6o. of Scre$ ole
h (
!er i'e i'e
n %
7ood Scre$ Sie Sie
e s
6o. of Machi
<
<
<
<
Machi = / 5;e Scre$ 89 Sie Sie
= / 5;89
= / 5889
= / 5889
= / 5889
5/6
5/6
585> /
585> /
58 5> /
2;
2;
89
89
5<
5<
89
89
89
89
6o. of air i Cae Cae
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h ( n % e s
4. Cae i'e Case hin%es are similar to a butt hin%e ho+ever usually more o* a de$orative nature most $ommonly used in suit$ases, brie*$ases and the like
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h ( n % e s
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h ( n % e s
. 8la' i'e A 0a% hin%e $an be taken apart +ith a ./ed pin on one lea* ?la% hin%es $an also s+ivel a *ull 2; de%rees de%rees around the pin ?la% hin%es are manu*a$tured as a ri%ht hand and a le*t hand $on.%uration $on.%uration
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h ( n % e s
Aocet 8la' i'e 5echical %i %ia'ra# a'ra# in%e to suit rebate hei%hts *rom 58 to 56mm ?or s$ulptured and $ham*ered pro.les ?ully adustable +ith 2 +ay adustment 'on handed - +ill .t le*t ot ri%ht handed doors #nduran$e tested to 5;;,;;; operations @oad tested to 5;;k% on 2 hin%es All .nishes meet the reuirements o* BAS #' 5; - %rade = 3=;; hrs salt spray4 Stainless Steel pins V! Chrome $oatin% on Dold and Chrome o+der $oatin% on +hite, ; mi$rons minimum $oatin% thi$kness Re$ommended s$re+ ./in% siEe: 6 / 9< - =; dia s$re+s 3./in% 3./in% s$re+s are not in$luded4
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h ( n % e s
9. Cotiuou i'e, or !iao hi'e This type o* hin%e is also kno+n as a piano hin%e (t runs the entire len%th bo/o* the door, panel, or Continuous hin%es are manu*a$tur manu*a$tured ed +ith or +ithout holes Thesepin hin%es also $ome variouslen%ths thi$knesses, thi$knesses, diameters, and in knu$kle
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h ( n % e s
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h ( n % e s
:. Cocealed i'e Used *or *urniture doors 3+ith or +ithout sel*$losin% *eature, *eature, and +ith or +ithout dampin% systems4 They are are made o* t+o parts: &ne part is the hin%e $up and the arm, the other part is the mountin% plate
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h ( n % e s
Also $alled 7$up hin%e7, or 7#uro hin%e7, as they +ere developed in #urope and use metri$ installation standards Most su$h $on$ealed hin%es oFer the advanta%e o* *ull in situ adustability *or standoF distan$e *rom the $abinet *a$e as +ell as pit$h and roll by means o* t+o s$re+s on ea$h hin%e
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r
;. Butter<= hi'e, or arlia#et (>) i'e These +ere kno+n as dovetail hin%es *rom the 5th $entury on+ards and $an be *ound on old desks and
h (
*or use on e+elry bo/es
n % e s
$abinets *rom about 5; 5 ; until the 5<th $entury $entury The *orm o* these hin%es varied sli%htly bet+een manu*a$turers, and their siEe ran%ed *rom the very lar%e *or heavy doors to the tiniest de$orative hin%e
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h ( n % e s
Many hin%es o* this type +ere e/ported to Ameri$a to support the home tradeGs limited supply They are still *ound to be both *airly $heap and de$orative, espe$ially on small items
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h ( n % e s
?. Stra! i'e Strap hin%es are an early hin%e and used on many kinds o* interior and e/terior e/terior doors and $abinets
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h ( n % e s
10. i'e Shaped like an and used on 0ush-mounted doors Small hin%es 32H9 in or H5;; mm4 tend to be used *or $abinets hin%es, +hile lar%er hin%es 3H in or 5=;H5<; mm4 are *or passa%e doors or $loset doors
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h ( n % e s
11. + i'e @ar%e @ hin%es +ere $ommon *or passa%e doors, room doors and $loset doors in the 5th, 5<th and even 56th $enturies &n taller doors hin%es +ere o$$asionally used in the middle alon% +ith the @ hin%es hin%es
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h ( n % e s
&ther types in$lude:
Counter 0ap hin%e ?lush hin%e Coa$h hin%e Risin% Butt hin%e
!ouble a$tion sprin% hin%e T Tee ee hin%e ?ri$tion hin%e
Se$urity hin%e Cranked hin%e or stormproo* hin%e @i*t-oF hin%e Sel* $losin% hin%e
AR Ar$hite$t
A ' ! @
A door hadle is an atta$hed me$hanism used to open or $lose a door (n the $an United States, door handle %enerally re*er to any ./ed or leveroperated door lat$h devi$e, in$ludin% on $ar doors The term door knob 3or simply door o*4 tends to re*e re*err to round operatin% me$hanisms
# ! o o r h a ' ! @ e
AR Ar$hite$t
itor= The .rst do$umented do$umented inv invention ention o* th the e door ha handle ndle appears in US atent entries *or the year 5<<, +hen a patent *or improvements on a door-$losin% devi$e +as issued to a man named &sbourn !orsey o+ever, the use o* doorknobs, as do$umented by illustrations and shop $atalo%ues, e/tends ba$k into the 5<th $entury
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h a
A!!licatio ad ua'e The lo$ation o* the door handle on the door may vary bet+een a *e+ in$hes or $entimeters a+ay *rom the ed%e o* the door to the e/a$t $enter o* the door, dependin% on lo$al $ulture, de$orative style or o+ner
' !
ba$kset
@
pre*eren$e The distan$e *rom the ed%e o* the door to the $enter o* the handle is $alled the
e
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h a ' ! @
door handles in most $ommer$ial and industrial buildin%s and in many households use a lever-operated handle, rather than a knob, as the lever does not reuire a ti%ht %rip @evers are also bene.$ial on doors +ith narro+ stile +idths +here the redu$ed ba$kset leaves insuI$ient spa$e to $om*ortably turn a door handle
e
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h a ' ! @
Most household door handles use a simple me$hanism +ith a s$re+-style a/le 3$alled a spindle4 that has at least one 0at side, +hi$h is passed throu%h the door i%%er, leavin% some len%th e/posed on ea$h side o* the door to +hi$h the handles are atta$hed
e
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h a ' ! @
Some handles are atta$hed on both sides by s$re+in% or slidin% them dire$tly onto the spindle, and then se$urin% one or more retainin% s$re+s 3set s$re+s4 throu%h the knob perpendi$ular to the 0at o* the Spindle
e
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h a ' ! @
andles that lose tra$tion $an *reuently *reuently be repaired by repla$in% or adustin% the set s$re+, +hi$h prevents them *rom slippin% on the spindle &ther types o* handles, typi$ally used in #urope, slide onto the spindle but are aI/ed only to the door itsel* +ithout use o* set s$re+s
e
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h a ' ! @
5=!e of houehold hadle@ trace@ These door handles are are typi$ally used on e e/terior /terior doors, and in$lude ke keyed yed $ylinders riac=@ Typi$ally T ypi$ally used on bedr bedrooms ooms and bathr bathrooms ooms J +hile they are lo$kable 3 unlo$kable +ith a %eneri$ tool 4, they do not have keyed keyed $ylinders aa'e@ Also kno+n as hall or $loset, these do not lo$k and are used in hall or $loset doors
%u##=@ These types are are used *or ball $at$h doors or other appli$ations +here a i%%er me$hanism is not needed, but a similar aestheti$ eFe$t is desired
e
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h a ' ! @
8olda*le door hadle &n a bal$ony +hose door has an outside shutter, a spe$ial door handle is used on the outer side The protrudin% protrudin% part o* su$h su$h handle 3usually 3usually rin%shaped4 $an be *olded side+ays, so that the shutter $an be *ully $losed +ithout bein% obstru$ted by the door handle
e
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h a ' ! @
fectio cotrol &* $on$ern is the *a$t that door handles are instrumental in the spread o* many in*e$tions o+ever, some materials, e% brass , $ooper and silver , are slo+ly poisonous to many %erms The e/a$t e/a$t me$hanism is not not kno+n, but is $ommonly thou%ht to be via the oli%odynami$ oli% odynami$ eFe$t Brass , perhaps by some*or other ele$tr ele$trostati$ ostati$ eFe$t and $opper, e/ample, disin*e$t themselves o* many %erms +ithin ei%ht hours &ther materials su$h as %lass, por$elain por$e lain , stainless stainless steel and aluminum do not have this eFe$t Sel*-disin*e$tin% Sel* -disin*e$tin% door handles are parti$ularly important in hospital, but use*ul in any buildin%s
e
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h a ' ! @
T#S# BRASS BRASS A'!@#S AR# AVA(@AB@# A(@A B@# ?R&M 2K T& 5;K A'! (' !(??#R#'T TL#S &? &@(S &@(S
T#S# CRLST CRLSTA@ A@ A'!@#S AR# AVA(@AB@# A(@A B@# ?R&M 9K T& K
e
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r h a ' ! @
S&M# M&R# BRASS A'!@#S
e
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r ' & B S
A !&&R '&B S#T C&'S(ST('D &? ('S(!# A'! &UTS(!# '&BS
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r ' & B S
T#S# '&BS '&BS AR# AVA(@AB@# A(@ AB@# (' BRASS &R "(T C&@&R N D&@! @AT('D ?U@@ RA'D# AVA(@AB@# A(@ AB@# ?R&M 2197 , 57, 5>7 N 5O7
T#S# '&BS '&BS AR# ? ?A'CL A'CL '&BS "(T !(??#R#'T SA#S AVA(@AB@# (' 57 N 5>7 "(T @ACPU#R#! &@(S, BRASS BU?? &@(S &R "(T D&@! @AT#! @AT#!
AR Ar$hite$t
AR Ar$hite$t
$ l o s e
A door cloer is a me$hani$al devi$e that $loses a door, in %eneral a*ter someone opens it, or a*ter it +as automati$ally opened Choosin% a door $loser $an involve the $onsideration o* a variety o* $riteria (n addition to the $loserGs per*orman$e in .re situations, other $riteria may in$lude resistan$e resistan$e to openin% *or$es 3*or use by disabled or in.rm4, $ontroll over the rate o* $losin%, sa*ety, $ontro durability, risk o* vandalism, and a nd aestheti$s
r ! o o r $ l o s e
AR Ar$hite$t
Types Types There are *our *our styles o* inte interior rior door door-$loser: -$loser: Sur*a$e-mounted a4 Manual b4 Automati$ Con$ealed in *rame
Con$ealed in 0oor Con$ealed in door
r
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r $ l o s e
Sur*a$e-mounted Sur*a$e-mounted Sur*a$e-mounte d door $losers $ome in *our variations: slide-tra$k arm, re%ular arm sur*a$e mounted, parallel arm sur*a$e mounted, and top amb mounted &verhead door $losers are typi$ally sur*a$e mounted, thou%h most manu*a$turers oFer $on$ealed models too Su$h $losers mount inside a po$ket in the door *rame or are mounted in the 0oor dire$tly under the pivot point and are $ompletely $on$ealed $on$ealed
r
! o o r $ l o s e
AR Ar$hite$t
r
! o o r $ l o s e
AR Ar$hite$t
r
! o o r $ l o s e
AR Ar$hite$t
r
! o o r $ l o s e
AR Ar$hite$t
r
AR Ar$hite$t
S
A door to!!er is an obe$t or devi$e used to hold a door open or $losed, or to prevent a door *rom openin% openi n% too +idel +idely y
T &
Alternatively, a door stop $an be a thin slat built inside a door *rame to prevent a door *rom s+in%in% throu%h +hen $losed A door stop 3applied4 may also be a small bra$ket
#
or 6;ade%ree o* metal to the *rame door topie$e stop the door applied * rom s+in%in% *rom 3bi- o* dire$tional4 and $onvertin% that door to a sin%le dire$tion 3in-s+in% push or out-s+in% pull4
R
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r s t o p p e
oldi' door o!e A door may be stopped by a door stop +hi$h is simply a heavy solid obe$t, su$h as a rubber , pla$ed in the path o* the door door These stops are predominantly improvised istori$ally, lead bri$ks have been popular $hoi$es +hen available o+ever, asuse the has to/i$ nature o* lead has been revealed, this been stron%ly dis$oura%ed
r
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r s t o p p e
Another method is to use a door stop +hi$h is a small +ed%e o* +ood, rubber, plasti$, $otton or another material Manu*a$tured +ed%es o* these materials are $ommonly available The +ed%e is ki$ked into position and the do+n+ard *or$e *or$e o* the door, no+ ammed up+ards onto the doorstop, provides enou%h stati$ *ri$tion to keep it motionless
r
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r s t o p p e
reeti' da#a'e *= door Another type o* door stop is used to prevent doors *rom openin% too *ar and dama%in% nearby +alls (n this $ase a rubber $ylinder or dome, or a rod or blo$k o* rubber-tipped metal, +ood or plasti$, is s$re+ed into the +all or the 0oor in the path o* the door (* it is atta$hed to the +all it may be either a *e+ in$hes above the %round, or at su$h a hei%ht as to meet the doorknobs
r
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r s t o p p e
A short +all-atta$hed doorstop, usually a rubber dome or $ylinder, is sometimes $alled a $all *u#!er &n o$$asion, stops are used that are .tted at the midpoint o* the door, as part o* the $entral door-hin%e Su$h a stop is kno+n as a 7hin%e stop7
r
AR Ar$hite$t
@ & C
A loc is is a Me$hani$al or #le$tr #le$troni$ oni$ *astenin% devi$e that is released by a physi$al obe$t 3su$h as a key, key$ard, .n%erprint, r.d $ard, or se$urity tok token4, en4, by supplyin% se$ret in*ormation 3su$h as a key key$ode $ode or pass+ord4, or by a $ombination thereo* thereo*
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r @ o $ k
A adlo$k
Simple three-dis$ lo$kin% me$hanism *rom a +ooden bo/ re$overed *rom the S+edish ship VASA,
Medial lo$k in athmandu athmandu
Chinese lo$k and key *rom Lunnan rovin$e, early 8;th $entury
sunk in 58< AR Ar$hite$t
in tumbler lo$k: +ithout a key in the lo$k, the driver pins 3blue4 are pushed do+n+ards, preventin% the plu% 3yello+4 *rom rotatin%
! o o r @ o $ k
Tare Tubular ubular lo$k:to+ards the keythe pins*ront 3red4o*and pins 3blue4 pushed the driver lo$k, preventin% the plu% 3yello+4 *rom rotatin% The tubular key has several hal*-$ylinder hal*-$ylinder indentations +hi$h ali%n +ith the pins "a*er tumbler lo$k: + +ithout ithout a key in the lo$k, the +a*ers 3red4 are pushed do+n by sprin%s The +a*ers nestle into a %roove in the lo+er part o* the outer $ylinder 3%reen4 preventin% the plu% 3yello+4 *rom rotatin%
AR Ar$hite$t
Types o* @o$k Types @o$k 5 @o$ks o$ks +ith +ith hys hysi$ i$al al keys eys
! o o r @ o $ k
8 $omm $ommon on lo$k lo$k N key eys s
AR Ar$hite$t
1. +oc $ith !h=ical e= A $arded loc uses uses a set o* obstru$tions, or +ards, to prevent the lo$k *rom openin% unless
! o o r @ o $ k
the $orre$t key is inserted The key key has not$hes not$hes or slots that $or $orres respond pond to the obstru$tions in the lo$k, allo+in% it to rotate *reely inside the lo$k "arded lo$ks are typi$ally reserved *or lo+se$urity appli$ations as a +ell-desi%ned skeleton key $an su$$ess*ully open a +ide variety o* +arded lo$ks
AR Ar$hite$t
The !i tu#*ler loc uses uses a set o* pins to prevent the lo$k *rom openin% unless the $orre$t key is inserted The key key has a series o* o* %rooves %rooves on either s side ide o* the keyGs blade that limit the type o* lo$k the key $an slide into
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r @ o $ k
As the key slides into the lo$k, the horiEontal %rooves on the blade ali%n +ith the +ards in +ards in the key+ay allo+in% allo+in% or denyin% entry to the $ylinder $ylinder key+ay A series o* pointed teeth and not$hes on the blade, $alled bittin%s bittin%s,, then allo+ pins to pins to move up and do+n until they are in line +ith the shear line o* the inner and outer $ylinder, allo+in% the $ylinder or $am $am to to rotate *reely and the lo$k to open
AR Ar$hite$t
A $afer tu#*ler loc is is similar to the pin tumbler lo$k and +orks on a similar prin$iple
! o o r @ o $ k
o+ever, unlike the pin lo$k, +here ea$h pin $onsists o* t+o or more pie$es, ea$h +a*er is a sin%le pie$e The +a*er tumbler lo$k lo$k is o*ten o*ten in$orre$tly in$orre$tly re*erred to as a dis$ tumbler lo$k, +hi$h uses an entirely diFerent me$hanism The +a*er lo$k is relatively relatively ine/pensive ine/pensive to produ$e and is o*ten used in automobiles and $abinetry
AR Ar$hite$t
! o o r @ o $ k
The dic tu#*ler loc or or A*lo= A*lo= loc loc is is $omposed o* slotted rotatin% detainer dis$s They are are $onsidered $onsidered very se$ure se$ure and almost impossible to pi$k The leer tu#*ler loc uses uses a set o* levers to prevent the bolt *rom movin% in the lo$k (n its simplest *orm, li*tin% the tumbler above a $ertain hei%ht +ill allo+ the bolt to slide past
AR Ar$hite$t
AR Ar$hite$t
+it of co##o loc Bi$y$le lo$k Cam lo$k Chamber lo$k Child sa*ety lo$k Combination lo$k Cylinder lo$k !eadbolt #le$troni$ lo$k #le$tri$ strike Ma%neti$ lo$k Mortise lo$k ey$ard lo$k @ever tumbler lo$k Chubb dete$tor lo$k rote$tor lo$k @u%%a%e lo$k Ma%neti$ keyed lo$k adlo$k R?(! Rim lo$k
Time lo$k AR Ar$hite$t
T h a n k L o
Any PueriesQQ
