Harmful Effect by Microorganisms

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HARMFUL EFFECT BY MICROORGANISMS

- Microorganisms which can cause disease called pathogens. They can be either bacteria or viruses or fungi or protozoa. - Before that, disease can be defined as any conditions which actively harm the normal functioning of the body. 1. Diseases Caused by Bacteria DISEASE
1.Tuberculosis (Batuk kering)

METHOD OF INFECTION
1. Through food 2. Through infected air breathed into the lung

SYMPTOM
1. Patient loss weight and appetite for food 2. Patient coughs often, and in advanced he coughs out of blood. 1. Patient has severe diarrhoea and vomits 2. Patient feels giddy and pain in abdomen 3. His body becomes dehydrated. 1. For male, his testis becomes inflamed and enlarged. He feels pain during urination. 2. For female, she has painful vagina and uterus. 1. Patient has fever and non-itchy rash on the body. 2. Patient has sores on the penis or vagina 3. Patient has sore throat and pain in the bones and joint. 1. Patient feels pain for infected teeth since teeth’s pulp is badly inflamed

TREATMENT/PREVENTION
1. Can be treated by using antibiotics (i.e streptomycin and isoniazid) 2. Can be prevented through immunization by BCG vaccine

2. Cholera (Taun)

1. Through contaminated water and food.

1. Patient given saline drip and antibiotic 2. How to prevent from being infected? i - Get vaccine ii - Boil all drinking water iii - Cover all food iv - Increase the chlorine content in water supply 1. Can be treated by using antibiotics (i.e penicillin) 2. Can be prevented by avoid having sex with prostitutes.

3. Gonorrhoea

1. Through sexual intercourse

4. Syphillis

1. Through sexual intercourse

1. Can be treated by using antibiotics (i.e penicillin) 2. Can be prevented by avoid having sex with prostitutes.

5. Tooth decay

1. Through food’s waste on the teeth’s surface.

1. Can be prevented by: I - Having a diet low in sugars ii - Wash your mouth and brush your teeth after eating.

Table 9.4 – A (Diseases Caused by Bacteria 2. Diseases Caused by Viruses DISEASE
1.Common cold (Selsema)

METHOD OF INFECTION
1. Through contaminated air (when people around sneezes)

SYMPTOM
1. Patient gets cough, fever, running nose and red or watery eyes 2. Patient has a sore throat 3. Patient becomes weak

TREATMENT/PREVENTION
1. NO PROPER TREATMENT 2. Can be prevented by: i - having proper diet ii - have fresh and clean air iii- keep away from the crowd

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DISEASE
2. Dengue fever (Demam denggi)

METHOD OF INFECTION
1. Through Aedes mosquito (inject the virus into patient’s blood)

SYMPTOM
1. Patient has high fever. 2. Bleeding in nose and gums 3. Pain in the bones, joints, muscles and eyes 4. Blue marks appear on the body 1. Patient has fever and diarrhoea, and coughs very often. 2. Patient has loss appetite for food and weight.

TREATMENT/PREVENTION
1. NO PROPER TREATMENT 2. How to prevent from being infected? i - Keep our living place clean ii - Destroy Aedes mosquito’s habitat iii - Fogging

3. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Sydrome)

1. Through 3 ways: i -Sexual intercourse ii - Sharing of syringes during drug addicts iii- Infected pregnant woman to her baby.

1. NO PROPER TREATMENT 2. Can be prevented by having healthy clean life.

Table 9.4 – B (Diseases Caused by Viruses 3. Diseases Caused by Fungi DISEASE
1.Tinea (Panau)

METHOD OF INFECTION
1. Through spore of the fungus

SYMPTOM
1. Whitish patches appears on the infected skin (usually face or back of the body)

TREATMENT/PREVENTION
1. Can be treated by suitable anti-fungal drugs 2. Can be prevented by: i - keep the body clean and dry ii - avoid direct contact with infected person . iii - do not share towel or comb 1. Can be treated by suitable anti-fungal drugs 2. Can be prevented by: i - keep the body clean and dry ii - avoid direct contact with infected person . iii - do not share towel or comb

2. Ringworm (Kurap)

1. Through spore of the fungus

1. A reddish area appears on the infected skin 2. Infected skin becomes itchy

Table 9.4 – C (Diseases Caused by Fungi)

4. Diseases Caused by Protozoa DISEASE
1.Malaria (Demam kepialu)

METHOD OF INFECTION
1. Through Anopheles mosquito (inject parasitic protozoon plasmodium into blood)

SYMPTOM
1. Patient has high temperature at intervals 2. After fever, patient feels very cold and shivers. 3. Got rapid pulse rate 4. Got very liitle urine, which is very yellow.

TREATMENT/PREVENTION
1. Can be treated by suitable drugs such as plasmoquine, quinine, or chloroquine 2. Can be prevented by: i - fogging ii - Keep our living place clean

Table 9.4 – D (Diseases Caused by Protozoa)

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