High School

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High school
WEEK 1

1. Civilian [ n, adj ]
= A person who is not a member of the armed forces, or police, or fire fighting forces.
Ex: Eight of the passengers were soldiers, and one was a marine; the rest were civilians.
2. Complicated [ adj ]
= Not simple or easy; intricate
Ex: If some of the requirements for graduation seem complicated, see your guidance
counselor. He will be glad to explain them to you.
3. Concur [ v ]
= Agree, be of the same opinion
Ex: Good sportsmanship if you do not concur with it.
4. Confirm [ v ]
= State or prove the truth of; substantiate
Ex: My physician thought I had borken my wrist, and an X ray later confirmed his opinion.
5. Digress [ v ]
=Turn aside, get off the main subject in speaking or writing.
Ex: At one point in his talk, the speaker digressed to tell us of an incident in his childhood,
but then he got right back to his topic.
6. Fragile [ adj ]
= Easily borken; breakable; weak; frail.
Ex: The handle is fragile; it will easily break if you use too much pressure.
7. Galore [ adj ]
= Plentiful; abundant (galore always follows the word it modifies)
Ex: There were no failures on the final test, but on the midterm there were failures galore.
8. Genuine [ adj ]
= Actually being what it is claimed or seems to be; true; real; authentic.
Ex: Jane wore an imitation fur coat that every one thought it was made of genuine leopard
skin.
9. Hostile [ adj, n ]
= Of or relating to an enemy or enemies; unfriendly
Ex: It was not immediately announced whether the submarine reported off our coast was of a
friendly or a hostile nation.
10. Impatient [ adj ]
= Not patient; not willing to bear delay; restless; anxious
Ex: Five minutes can seem like five hours when you are impatient.
11. Inter [ v ]

= Put into the earth or in a grave; bury
Ex: Many American heroes are interred in Arlington National Cemetery.
12. Mitigate [ v ]
= Make less severe; lessen; soften; relieve.
Ex: With the help of novocaine, your dentist can greatly mitigate the pain of drilling.
13. Novice [ n ]
= One who is new to a field or activity; beginner
Ex: Our Dance Club has two groups; one for experienced dancers and one for novices.
14. Original [ adj, n ]
= A work created firsthand and from which copies are made
= Belonging to the beginning; first; earliest.
Ex: Most of us can buy copies of a masterpiece, but few can afford the original.
Ex: Miles Standish was one of the original colonists of Massachusetts; he cam over on the
'Myflower'.
15. Rarity [ n ]
= Something uncommon, infrequent, or rare
Ex: Rain in the Sahara Desert is a rarity.
16. Resume [v, n ]
= Begin again
Ex: School closes for the Christmas recess on December 24 and resumes on January 3.

17. Shrink [ v ]
= Draw back; recoil
Ex: Wendy shrank from the task of telling her parents about her low French mark, but she
finally got the courage and told them.
18. Sober [ adj ]
= Serious;
= Not drunk;
Ex1: Our driver had refused all strong drinks because he wanted to be sober for the trip
home.
Ex2: When he learned of his failure, George thought of quitting school. But after sober
consideration, he realized that would be unwise.

19. Suffice [ v ]
= Be enough, adequate, or sufficient
Ex: I told Dad that $3 would suffice for my school supplies. As it turned out, it was not
enough.
20. Vacant [ adj ]
= Empty; unoccupied; not being used
Ex: I had to stand for the first half of the performance because I could not find a vacant seat.

WEEK 2

1. Adjourn [ v ]
= Close a meeting; suspend the business of a meeting; disband.
Ex: When we visited Washington, D.C., Congress was not in session; it had adjourned for
the Thanksgiving weekend.
2. Astute [ adj ]
= Shrewd; wise; crafty; cunning
Ex: The only one to solve the riddle before the five minutes were up was Joel; he is a very
astute thinker.
3. Censure [ n, v ]
= Act of blaming; expression of disapproval; hostile criticism; rebuke
Ex: Cathy was about to reach for a third slice of cake but was stopped by a look of censure
4. Demolish [ v ]
= Tear down; destroy, raze
Ex: It took several days for the wrecking crew to demolish the old building.
5. Discharge [ n, v ]
= Unload
Ex: After discharging her cargo, the ship will go into dry dock for repairs.
6. Dissent [ n, v ]
= Differ in opinion; disagree; object.
Ex: There Alice were the only ones who dissented.
7. Equitable [ adj ]
= Fair to all concerned; just.
Ex: The only equitable way for the three partners to share the $60 profit is for each to receive
$20.

8. Exonerate [ v ]
= Free from blame; clear from accusation.
Ex: The other driver exonerated Dad of any responsibility for the accident.
9. Extemporaneous [ adj ]
= Composed or spoken without preparation; off-hand; impromptu; improvised
Ex: It was easy to tell that the spea it seem extemporaneous.
10. Extricate [ v ]
= Free from difficulties; disentangle.
Ex: If you let your assignments pile up, you will get into a situation from which you will not
be able to extricate yourself.

11. Forfeit [ n, adj, v ]

= Lose or have to give up as a penalty for some error, neglect, or fault
Ex: Our neighbour gave a $20 deposit on an order of slipcovers. When they were foreited her
deposit.

12.Illegible [ adj ]
= Not able to be read; very hard to read; not legible
Ex: Roger ought to type his reports because his handwriting is illegible.
13. Inadvertently [ adv ]
= Not done on purpose; unintentionally; thoughtlessly; accidentally.
Ex: locate my math homework, but after a while, I found it in my
English notebook. I must have put it there inadvertently.
14. Inappropriate [ adj ]
= Not fitting; unsuitable; unbecoming; not appropriate.
Ex: Since I was the one who nominated Bruce, it would be inappropriate for me to vote for
another candidate.
15.Lucrative [ adj ]
= Money-making; profitable.
Ex: school dance was not so lucrative; we made only $17, compared to
$41 last year.
16. Permanent [ adj ]
= Lasting; enduring; intended to last; stable (antonyms: temporary; transient)
Ex: When my friend moved to San Francisco, he asked me to write to him at his temporary
address, the Gateway Hotel. He promised to send me his permanent address as soon as his
family could find an apartment.
17. Prohibit [ v ]
= Fobid; ban
Ex: regulations prohibit the borrowing of more than four books at a
time.
18. Punctual [ adj ]
= On time; prompt.
Ex: Be punctual. If you are late, we shall have to depart without you.
19. Rebuke [ n, v ]
= Express diapproval of ; criticize sharply; censure severely; reprimand; reprove.
Ex: Our coach rebuked the two players who were late for practice, but praised the rest of the
team for being punctual.

20. Transient [ adj, n ]
= Not lasting; passing soon; fleeting; short-lived; momentary
Ex1: It rained all day upstate,but here we had only a transient shower;it was over in minutes.
= Visitor or guest staying for only a short time.
Ex2: customers are mainly transients;only a few are permanent guests

WEEK 3
1. Cache [n , v ]
= Hiding place to store something.
Ex: After his confession, the robber led detectives to a cache of stolen gems in the basement.
2. Commend [ v ] (ant. Censure, reprimand)
= Praise; mention favorably.
Ex: Our class was commended for having the best attendance for January.
3. Cur [ n ]
= Worthless dog.
Ex: Lassie is a kind and intelligent animal. Please don't refer to her as a 'cur'.
4. Despotic [ adj ]
= Of a despot (a monarch having absolute power); domineering; dictatorial;
tyrannical.
Ex: The American colonists revolted against the despotic governement of King George III.
5. Dispute [ n, v ]
= Argue about; debate; declare not true; call in question; oppose.
Ex: Charley disputed my answer to problem 9 until I showed him definite proof that I was
right.
6. Edifice [ n ]
= Building, especially a large or impressive building.
Ex: The huge edifice under construction near the airport will be a modern hotel.
7. Era [n]
= Historical period; period (of time)
Ex: The atomic era began with the dropping of the first atomic bomb in 1945.
8. Initiate [ v ]
= Begin; introduce; originate.
Ex: The Pilgrims initiated the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving Day.
= Admit or induct into a club by special ceremonies.
Ex: Next Friday our club is going to initiate three new memebers.
9. Jolly Roger [n]
= Prirate 's flag; black flag white with skull and crossbones.
Ex: The Jolly Roger flying from the mast of the approaching ship indicated that it was a
pirate ship.
10. Multitude [n]
= Crowd; throng; horde; swarm.
Ex: There was such a multitude outside the store waiting for the sale to begin that we
decided to shop on another day.

11. Perceive [ v]
= Become aware of through the senses; see; note; boserye
Ex: When the lights went out, I coulden't see a thing, but gradually I was able to perceive the
outlines of the larger pieces of furniture.
12. Portal [n]
= door; entrance; especially; a grand or impressive one
Ex: The original doors at the main entrance to our school have been replaced by bronze
portals.
13. Reserved [adj]
= restrained in speech or action; uncommunicative
Ex: Mark was reserved at first but became much more communicative when he got to know
us better.
14. Restrain [v]
= hold back; check; curb; repress
Ex: Midred could not restrain her desire to open the package immediately, even thoughit
read,"Do not open brfore Christmas".
15. Retract [v]
= draw back; with draw; take back
Ex: You can depend on Frank. Once he has given his promise, he will not retract it.

16. Spine [n]
= chain of small bones down the middle of the back; backbone
Ex: The ribs are curved bones extending from the spine and enclosing the upper part of the
body.
17. Stroll [n]
= idle and leisurely walk
Ex: It was a warm spring afternoon, and many people were out for a stroll on the boulevard.
18. Timorous [adj]
= full of fear; afraid; timid
Ex: I admit I was timorous when I began my speech, but as I went along, I felt less and less
afraid.
19. Tuition [n]
= payment for instruction
Ex: When I go to college, I will probably work each summer to help pay the tuition.

20. Version [n]
= Account of description from a particular point of view
Ex1: Now that we have Sam's description of the accident, let us listen to your version.
= Translation
Ex2: THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO was written in French, but you can read it in the
English version.

WEEK 4
1. Aggressor [n]
= Person or nation that begins quarrel assailant
Ex: In the war with the United States, Japan was the aggressor; the surprise attack on Pearl
Harbor started the conflict.
2. Altitude [n]
= Height; elevation; high position; eminence
Ex: Mount Washington, which rises to an altitude of 6,288 feet, is the highest peak in the
White Mountains.
3. Calamity [n]
= Great misfortune; catastrophe; disaster
Ex: The assassination of President Kennedy was a national calamity.
4. Congregate [n]
= Come together into a crowd; assemble; gather

5.Convene [n]
= Meet or come together in a group for a specific purpose
Ex: The board of directors will convene next Tuesday to elect a new corporation president.
6. Cordiality / [n]
= Friendliness; warmth of regard
Dan;s parents greeted me with cordiality and made me feel like an old friend of the family.
7. Crony [n]
= Close companion; intimate friend; chum
Ex: Some students associate only with their cronies and rarely try to make new friends.
8. Deliberately / [adv]
= in a carefully thought out manner; on purpose; purposely
Ex 1:We deliberately kept Glenda off the planning committee because we didn't want her to
know that the party was to be in her honor.
= In an unhurried manner; slowly
Ex 2: Dad was late because he had to drive deliberately, the roads were icy.
9. Dispense with [v]
= do without; along without
Ex: When our club has a guest speaker, we dispense with the reading of the minutes to save
time.
10. Dubious [adj]
= Doubtful; uncertain; questionable
Ex: There is no doubt about my feeling better, but it is dubious that I can be back at school
by tomorrow.

11. Extremity [adj]
= Very end; utmost limit
Ex: KeyWest is at the southern extremity of Florida.
12. Forecast [v,n]
= Predict; foretell; prophesy
Ex: Mr. Walsh gave a short vocabulary quiz today, as you had forecasted.
13. Hibernate [v]
= Spend the winter
Ex: If my grandparents had had the funds to hibernate in Florida, they would not have spent the
winter at home.

14. Host [n.v]
= Person who receives or entertains a guest or guests
Ex 1: Dad treats his guests with the utmost cordiality, he is an excellent host.

= Large number; multitude; throng; crowd
Ex 2: The merchant had expected a host of customers, but only a few appeared.
15. Intimidate / [v]
= Frighten; influence; by fear; cow; overawe
Ex: A few of the children were intimidated by the lion's roar, but most of them were not frightened.

16. Preface [n,v]
= Introduction (to a book or speech); foreword; prologue
Ex1: Begin by reading the preface, it will help you to get the most out of the rest of the book.
= Introduce or begin with a preface; usher in; precede
Ex2: Usually, I begin my speech at once, but this time I prefaced it with amusing anecdote.

17. Recoil [n,v]
= Draw back because of fear; shrink; wince; flinch.
Ex: Jerry recoiled at the thought of singing in the amateur show, but he went through with it because
he had promised to participate.

18. Reflection [n]
= Thought; especially careful thought
Ex 1: When a question is complicated , don't give the firs answer that comes to mind. Take
time for reflection.
= Blame; discredit; reproach
Ex 2:Yesterday's defeat was no reflection on our players; they did their very best.
19. Relinquish [v]
= Give up; abandon; let go; release; surrender
Ex: When an elderly lady entered the crowed bus, one of the students relinquished he seat to
her.
20. Tolerate [v]
= Endure; bear; put up with; allow; permit
Ex: Some young children will cry when rebuked, they cannot tolerate criticism.

WEEK 5
1) Contend [v]
= Compete; vie; take part in a contest; fight; struggle
Ex 1: Every spring some baseball writers try to predict the two teams that will contend in the
next world series.
= Argue; maintain as true; assert
Ex 2: Don't argue with the umpire.If you says you are out, it's no use contending you are
safe.
2) Decease [n,v]
= Death
Ex: Shortly after President Kennedy's decease Vice President Johnson was sworn in as the
new Chief Executive.

3) Din [n,v]
= Loud noise; uproar
Ex: I couldn't hear what you were saying because the jet plane that was passing made such a
din.

4) Distinguish [v]
= Tell apart; differentiate
Ex: The twins are so alike that it is hard to distinguish one from the other.

5) Divulge [v]
= Make known; reveal; disclose
Ex: Yesterday our teacher read us a composition without divulging the name of the writer.

6) Drought [n]
= Long period of dry weather; lack of rain; dryness
Ex: While some regions are suffering from drought, others are experiencing heavy rains and
floods.
7) Famish [v]
= Starve; be or make extremely hungry
Ex: The missing hikers were famished. When we found them, they had not eaten for more
than twelve hours.

8) Illuminate [v]
= Light up; make bright with light
Ex: The bright morning sun illuminate the kitchen, there was no need for the lights to be on.

9) Inaudible [adj]

= Incapable of being heard; not audible
Ex: The only part of your answer I could hear was the first word, the rest was inaudible.

10) Incense [v]
= Make extremely angry; enrage; madden; infuriate
Ex: Some of the members were so incensed by the way Jack opened the meeting that they
walked right out.

11) Inundate [n,v]
= Flood; swamp; deluge
Ex: A number of streets in low-lying areas were inundated by the rainstorm.

12) Jeopardy [n]
= Danger; peril
Ex: If you are late for the employment interview, your chance of getting the job will be in
serious jeopardy.
13) Magnify [v]
= Cause to be or look larger; enlarge; amplify
Ex: The bacteria shown in your textbook have been greatly magnified; their actual size is
considerably smaller.
14) Municipal [adj]
= Of a city or town
Ex: Your father works for the city? How interesting!My father is also a municipal employee.

15) Puncture [n,v]
= Make a hole with a pointed object; pierce; perforate
Ex: Our neighbor swept a nail off his curb, and later it punctured one of his own tires.

16) Rummage [n,v]
= Search thoroughly by turning over all the contents; ransack
Ex: Someone must have rummaged my desk; everything in it is in disorder.

17) Simultaneous [adj]
= happening or done at the same ttime as st else
Ex: There were several simultaneous attacks by the rebels.

WEEK 6

1) Accommodate [v]
= Hold without crowding or inconvenience; have room for
Ex: The new restaurant will accommodate 128 persons
= Oblige; do a favor for; furnish with something desired
Ex: I'm sorry I have no pen to lend you.Ask Norman.Perhaps he can accommodate you.

2) Apprehed [v]
= Anticipate (foresee) with fear; dread
Ex 1: Now I see how foolish I was to apprehend the outcome of the test. I passed easily.
= Arrest
Ex 2: The escaped prisoner was apprehended as he tried to cross the border.

3) Cleave [v]
= Stick; adhere; cling; be faithful
Ex: Some of the inhabitants are hostile to new ways; they cleave to the customs and traditions
of the past.

4) Conceal [v]
= Keep secret; withdraw from observation; hide
Ex: I answered all questions truthfully, for I had nothing to conceal.

5) Content / [n,adj,v]
= Satisfied; pleased
Ex: If you are not content with the merchandise, you may return it for an exchange or a
refund.
6) Culprit [n]
= One guilty of a fault or crime; offender
Ex: The last time we were late for the party, I was the culprit. I wasn't ready when you called
for me.
7) Eliminate [v]
= Drop; exclude; remove; get rid of; rule out
Ex: The new director hopes to reduce expenses by eliminating unnecessary jobs.

8) Facetious [adj]
= Given to joking; not to be taken seriously; witty
Ex: Bob meant it when he said he was quitting the team. He was not being facetious.

9) Fatigue [n,v]
= Tire; exhaust; weary
Ex: Why not take the elevator? Climbing up the stairs will fatigue you.

10) Infallible [adj]
= Incapable of error; sure; certain; absolutely reliable
Ex: When Phil disputes my answer or I question his, we take it to our math teacher. We
consider her judgment infallible.

10) Pilfer [v]
= Steal (in small amounts )
Ex: The shoplifter was apprehended with a number of pilfered articles in his possession.

11) Province [n]
= Proper business or duty; sphere; jurisdiction
Ex: If your brother misbehaves in school, you have no right to punish him; that is your
parent's province.
13 ) Reflect [v]
= Think carefully; meditate; contemplate
Ex: I could have given a much better answer if I had had time to reflect.
14) Reverse [adj,v,n]
= Turn completely about; change to the opposite position; revoke; annul
Ex 1: If I found guilty, a person may appeal to a higher court in the hope that it will reverse
the verdict.
= A defeat
Ex 2: In 1805,Napoleon's fleet met with a serious reverse at the Battle of Trafalgar.
15) Shallow [adj,n,v]
= Not deep
Ex: Non-swimmers must use the shallow part of the pool.

16) Superfluous [adj]
= Beyond what is necessary or desirable; surplus; needless
Ex: She gave him a look that made words superfluous.

WEEK 7
1) Abate [v]
= Become less; decrease; diminish
Ex 1: The water shortage in abating, but it is still a matter of some concern.
= Make less; reduce; moderate
Ex 2: Mike's close defeat in the tennis tournament has not abated his zeal for the game.
2) Accord [n,v]
= Agreement; understanding
Ex 1: If both sides to the dispute can be brought to the conference table, perhaps they can
come to an accord.
= Agree; correspond
Ex 2: Check to see if your definition accords with the one in the dictionary.
3) Aggravate [v]
= Make worse; intensify
Ex: If you sunburn itches, don't search; that will only aggravated it.
4) Belligerent [adj,n]
= Fond of fighting; warlike; combative
Ex: Bert still likes to settle his arguments with his fists. When will he learn that it's childish
to be so belligerent?
5) Conspicuous /[adj]
= Noticeable; easily seen; prominent; striking
Ex: Among of Manhattan's skyscrapers, the Empire State Building is conspicuous for its
superior height.
6) Craft [n]
= Skill; art
Ex 1: The weavers of Oriental rugs are famous for their superior craft.
= Skill or art in a bad sense; cunning; guile
Ex 2: The Greeks took Troy by craft; they use the trick of the wooden horse.
7) Craven [adj, n]
= Cowardly
Ex: Henry Flemming thought he would be a hero, but as the fighting began he fled from the
field in craven fear.

8) Currency / [n]
= Something in circulation as a medium of exchange; money; coin; bank notes
Ex: The Indians of New England used beads as currency.
9) Deter [v]
= Turn aside through fear; discourage; hinder; keep back

Ex: The heavy rain did not deter people from coming to the school play. Nearly every seat
was occupied.

10) Duplicate [adj,n,v]
= One of two things exactly alike; copy
Ex: If I had had carbon paper, I could have made a duplicate of my history notes for my
friend who was absent.

11) Fictitious [adj]
= Made up; imaginary; not real
Ex 1: In JOHNNY TREMAIN, there are fictitious characters like Johnny and Rad, as well as
real ones, like Samuel Adams and Paul Revere.
= False; pretended; assumed for the purpose of deceiving
Ex 2: The suspect said he lived at 423 Green Street, but he later admitted it was a fictitious
address.

12) Immaculate [adj]
= Spotless; without a stain; absolutely clean
Ex: The curtains were spotless; the tablecloth was immaculate, too.
13) Intervene [v]
= Occur between; be between; come between
Ex 1: More than two months intervene takes office.
= Come between to help settle a quarrel; intercede
Ex 2: Ralph is unhappy that I stopped the fight between him and his brother. He did not want
me to intervene between a President's election and the day he takes office.

14) Miniature [n,v]
= Small; tiny
Ex: Joan has a miniature stapler in her purse. It takes up very little room.

15) Quintet [n]
= Group of five
Ex: Because it has five players, a basketball team is often called a quintet.

WEEK 8

1) Alternative [adj,v]
= Choice; one of two or more things offered for choice
Ex: If I were given the choice of making either an oral or a written report, I should pick the
second alternative.
2) Beverage [n]
= Drink; liquid for drinking
Ex: Orange juice is a healthful beverage.
3) Blunder [n,v]
= Mistake or error caused by stupidity or carelessness
Ex: Have you ever committed the blunder of mailing a letter without a postage stamp?
4) Custody [n]
= Care; safekeeping; guardianship
Ex: Our treasurer has custody of our club's financial records.
5) Diminutive [adj]
= Below average size; small; tiny
Ex: To an observer in an airplane high over the city, the largest buildings seem diminutive.
6) Dispel [v]
= Drive away by scattering; scatter; disperse
Ex: The two officers were commended for their skill in dispelling the mob and preventing
violence.
7) Dormant [adj]
= Inactive; as if asleep; sleeping; quiet; sluggish; resting
Ex: In early spring, new buds begin to appear on trees and shrubs that have been dormant all
winter.
8) Exclusively [adv]
= Solely; without sharing with others; undividedly
Ex: Mrs. Carter had bought the encyclopedia for all of her sons, but the oldest behaved as if it
was exclusively his.
9) Exempt [adj,n,v]
= Freed or released from a duty, liability, or rule to which others are subject
Ex: Three students are exempt from taking the spelling retest; they got 100% in the original
test.
10) Imperil [v]
= Endanger; jeopardize
Ex: The fishing vessel was imperiled by high winds, but it managed to reach port safely.
11) Lineage [n]
= Descent (in a direct line from a common ancestor); ancestry; family; extraction

Ex: If you study Franklin D.Roosevelt's lineage, you will find that he was descended from a
Dutch ancestor who settled in America about 1638.
12) Major [n,v.adj]
= Greater; larger; more important; principal
Ex: When the major companies in an industry raise prices, the smaller ones usually follow
suit.

13) Objective [adj,n]
= Aim or end (of an action); goal
Ex 1: Our fund has already raised $650; its objective is $1000.
= Involving facts; rather than personal feeling or opinions
Ex 2: When a college considers your application, it examines two kinds of data: subjective
evidence, such as letters of recommendation; and objective evidence, such as your scores on
college-entrance tests.

14) Opinionated [adj]
= Unduly attached to one's own opinion; obstinate; stubborn
Ex: It’s hard to reason with an opinionated person; he won't change his mind even if you
show him objective evidence.
15) Presently [adv]
= In a short time; soon; before long
Ex: We won't have to wait long for our bus. It will be here presently.
16) Procrastinate [v]
= Put things off; delay; postpone; defer
Ex: When a book is due, return it to the library promptly. Otherwise you will be fined 2# for
every day you procrastinate.
17) Prodigious [adj]
= Extraordinary in size, quantity, or ex-ten; vast; enormous; huge; immense
Ex: The average American city requires a prodigious amount of fresh milk daily.
18) Protract [v]
= Draw put; lengthen in time; prolong; extend
Ex: My aunt had planned to stay with us for the weekend only, but mother persuaded her to
protract her visit for a full week.
19) Retain [v]
= Keep; continue to have, hold or use
Ex: The department store is closing down its restaurant but retaining its lunch counter.

WEEK 9
1. Skill
1) Adroit [adj]
= Expert in using the hands or mind; skillful; clever; deft; dexterous
Ex: Out adroit passing enabled us to score four touchdowns.

2) Ambidextrous [adj]
= Able to use both hands equally well
Ex: Russ is an ambidextrous hitter; he can bat right-handed or lefthanded.

3) Apprentice [n,v,adj]
= Person learning an art or trade under a skilled worker; learner; beginner;
novice;
Ex: Young Ben Franklin learned the printing trade by serving as an
apprentice to his half brother James.

4) Aptitude [n]
= Natural tendency to learn or understand; bent; talent
Ex: Eric is clumsy with tools; he has little mechanical aptitude.

5) Craftsman [n]
= Skilled workman; artisan
Ex: To build a house, you need the services of carpenters, bricklayers,
plumbers, electricians, and several other craftsmen.

6) Dexterity /[n]
= Skill in using the hands or mind; deftness; adroitness
dexterity as a master craftsman.

7) Versatile / [adj]

/'v /
= Capable of doing many things well; many-sided; all-around
Ex: Leonardo da Vinci was remarkably versatile. He was a painter,
sculptor, architect,
musician, engineer and scientist.
(Leonardo da Vinci r

2. Poverty

(Page 164 -> 173)
1) Destitute / [adj]

/'destitju:t/
= Not possessing the necessaries of life such as food, shelter, and clothing;
needy;
indigent.
th
Ex: The severe earthquake killed hundred of persons and left thousands
destitute.
(Tr
c)

2) Economize /[v]

/i:'k /
= Cut down expenses; be frugal
(C
Ex: Housewives can economize by buying their milk in gallon containers.

3) Frugal / [adj]

/'fru:g /
= Barely enough: scantly
(Ch
Ex 1: The old man had nothing to eat but bread and cheese; yet he offered
to share this
frugal meal with his visitor.
chia s
= Avoiding waste; economical; sparing; saving; thrifty
Ex 2: An allowance of
on it if you are frugal.
(Tr
c ti )

4) Impoverish / [v]

/im'p /
= Make very poor; reduce to poverty
Ex: The increase in dues is only 10 cents. It will not impoverish any
member.
(L cho b tr
)

5) Indigence /[n]

/'indid /

= Poverty
(S
Ex: By handwork, countless thousands of Americans have raised
themselves from
indigence to wealth.
(B s
o kh )
3. Wealth

1) Affluent / [adj,n]

//
= Very wealthy; rich; opulent
(R
Ex: The new wing to the hospital was made possible by a gift of $500,000
from an
affluent contributor.
hi
b)

2) Avarice /[n]

//
= Excessive desire for wealth; greediness
(S
Ex: People who suffer from avarice spend much less and save much more
than they
should.
(Nh s
v

3) Covet /[v]

/'k /
= Desire; long for; crave especially something belonging to another
(S nh
Ex: Chicot coveted
(Chicot ham mu

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