History of Psychology
Content
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
1/22/2014
ELEMENTARY PSYCHOLOGY
Professor Elena Festa Spring 2014 1
T EXTBOOK & O NLINE M ATERIAL
2
Gazzaniga, M.S., Heatherton, T.F., & Halpern, D.F. (2011). Psychological Science (Fourth Edition). W.W. Norton: New York, NY. https://canvas.brown.edu
C LASSROOMS
3
Lectures:
Metcalf Auditorium (MWF 12‐12:50pm)
Section Meetings: Metcalf Rm 104 or 105 (Assigned Section Time)
Computer Assignments:
Metcalf Rm 107
Open Student Hours M‐Th 7:30‐10:00pm
1
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
1/22/2014
Section Times
4
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
12:00 – 12:50 pm 10:00 – 10:50 am 11:00 – 11:50 am (L01)
(L03)
1:00 – 1:50 pm
(L07)
11:00 – 11:50 am 12:00 – 12:50 pm
(L02)
(L04)
(L08)
1:00 – 1:50 pm
1:00 – 1:50 pm
(L05)
(L09)
3:00 – 3:50 pm (L06)
S ECTION TA S
5
Joanna Korman
[email protected]
Huaiyong Zhao
[email protected]
Laura Flanagan
[email protected]
Julia Franckh
[email protected]
Kristen Gardner
[email protected]
Dennis Gu
[email protected]
Gillian Michaelson
[email protected]
Stefan Rodriguez
[email protected]
Jessica Sachs
[email protected]
Grade Breakdown
6
Exams
68%
Section Participation
17%
ZAPS Lab Activities
10%
Research Participation
5%
2
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
1/22/2014
Important Dates
7
2/17
Long Weekend
2/21
Exam 1
3/21
Exam 2
3/22 – 3/30
Spring Recess
4/25
Exam 3
5/15, 2‐5 pm
Final Exam
O NLINE O RIENTATION
8
https://canvas.brown.edu
W HAT IS P SYCHOLOGY ?
9
Psychology is the most popular major at many colleges and universities
Psychology is personally relevant
Psychology is relevant to us all
3
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
W HAT IS P SYCHOLOGY ?
10
11
1/22/2014
The study of mind, brain and behavior
Important questions
What are the bases of perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings, or our subjective sense of self?
How does the mind usually allow us to function effectively in the world?
Why does the mind occasionally function so ineffectively in the world?
P SYCHOLOGISTS E XPLAIN H UMAN B EHAVIORS IN R EAL L IFE C ONTEXTS
Most people are interested in figuring out others’ behavior
Makes you more aware of how people work.
Make you more aware at how you work
Can help you be more a more effective student
Can help you be more effective in your career
Can help you relate better to others, including family members and friends
Goals of psychology: Understand mental activity, social interactions, and how people acquire behavior
12
4
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
S URPRISING R ESULTS
13
14
1/22/2014
Isn’t psychology just common sense?
Participants who held a cup of hot coffee rated another person as “warmer” and less selfish than did those who held a cup of iced coffee (Williams & Bargh, 2008)
Our psychological processes can surprise us
W HAT DO P SYCHOLOGIST DO B ESIDES T REAT M ENTAL I LLNESS ?
P SYCHOLOGICAL K NOWLEDGE IS U SED I N M ANY P ROFESSIONS
15
Some students devote their lives to studying mind, brain, and behavior
Many professions require a knowledge of psychology
Opportunities for people with graduate degrees in psychology are expected to grow approximately 12 percent between now and 2018 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2009)
5
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
1/22/2014
P SYCHOLOGICAL S CIENCE T EACHES C RITICAL T HINKING
16
Humans are intuitive psychologists
Can people intuitively know if claims related to psychology are fact or fiction?
Critical thinking: Systematically evaluating information to reach reasonable conclusions
17
H OW C RITICAL T HINKING W ORKS
18
Researchers found listening to Mozart led research participants to score higher on a test related to intelligence (Rauscher, Shaw, & Ky, 1993)
Subsequent research largely failed to get the same results
A review of studies testing the Mozart effect showed that listening to Mozart is unlikely to increase intelligence (Chabris, 1999)
6
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
1/22/2014
W AYS OF T HINKING A BOUT M IND , B ODY , AND E XPERIENCE
19
Nature‐only side
Nurture‐only side
Who we are comes from inborn tendencies and genetically based traits
We are all essentially the same at birth, and we are the product of our experiences
Nature and nurture are interdependent, not dichotomous
Nature through nurture
20
THE
Position that the environment constantly interacts with biology to shape who we are, and what we do
N O O NE P ERSPECTIVE T ELLS W HOLE S TORY IN P SYCHOLOGY
How do you determine which perspective gives the best explanations of psychology?
The use of science and critical thinking
Making connections between different perspectives
Adhering rigidly to one school of psychological thought will invariably lead to incomplete explanations
P SYCHOLOGY C ROSSES L EVELS OF A NALYSIS
21
Researchers can explain behavior at many levels of analysis -
biological level
-
individual level
-
social level
-
cultural level
7
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
1/22/2014
22
23
24
HOW THESE APPROACHES APPLY TO OUR EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLD?
HOW DID THE PAST SHAPE OTHER’S EXPERIENCES?
8
1/22/2014
ELEMENTARY PSYCHOLOGY
Professor Elena Festa Spring 2014 1
T EXTBOOK & O NLINE M ATERIAL
2
Gazzaniga, M.S., Heatherton, T.F., & Halpern, D.F. (2011). Psychological Science (Fourth Edition). W.W. Norton: New York, NY. https://canvas.brown.edu
C LASSROOMS
3
Lectures:
Metcalf Auditorium (MWF 12‐12:50pm)
Section Meetings: Metcalf Rm 104 or 105 (Assigned Section Time)
Computer Assignments:
Metcalf Rm 107
Open Student Hours M‐Th 7:30‐10:00pm
1
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
1/22/2014
Section Times
4
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
12:00 – 12:50 pm 10:00 – 10:50 am 11:00 – 11:50 am (L01)
(L03)
1:00 – 1:50 pm
(L07)
11:00 – 11:50 am 12:00 – 12:50 pm
(L02)
(L04)
(L08)
1:00 – 1:50 pm
1:00 – 1:50 pm
(L05)
(L09)
3:00 – 3:50 pm (L06)
S ECTION TA S
5
Joanna Korman
[email protected]
Huaiyong Zhao
[email protected]
Laura Flanagan
[email protected]
Julia Franckh
[email protected]
Kristen Gardner
[email protected]
Dennis Gu
[email protected]
Gillian Michaelson
[email protected]
Stefan Rodriguez
[email protected]
Jessica Sachs
[email protected]
Grade Breakdown
6
Exams
68%
Section Participation
17%
ZAPS Lab Activities
10%
Research Participation
5%
2
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
1/22/2014
Important Dates
7
2/17
Long Weekend
2/21
Exam 1
3/21
Exam 2
3/22 – 3/30
Spring Recess
4/25
Exam 3
5/15, 2‐5 pm
Final Exam
O NLINE O RIENTATION
8
https://canvas.brown.edu
W HAT IS P SYCHOLOGY ?
9
Psychology is the most popular major at many colleges and universities
Psychology is personally relevant
Psychology is relevant to us all
3
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
W HAT IS P SYCHOLOGY ?
10
11
1/22/2014
The study of mind, brain and behavior
Important questions
What are the bases of perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings, or our subjective sense of self?
How does the mind usually allow us to function effectively in the world?
Why does the mind occasionally function so ineffectively in the world?
P SYCHOLOGISTS E XPLAIN H UMAN B EHAVIORS IN R EAL L IFE C ONTEXTS
Most people are interested in figuring out others’ behavior
Makes you more aware of how people work.
Make you more aware at how you work
Can help you be more a more effective student
Can help you be more effective in your career
Can help you relate better to others, including family members and friends
Goals of psychology: Understand mental activity, social interactions, and how people acquire behavior
12
4
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
S URPRISING R ESULTS
13
14
1/22/2014
Isn’t psychology just common sense?
Participants who held a cup of hot coffee rated another person as “warmer” and less selfish than did those who held a cup of iced coffee (Williams & Bargh, 2008)
Our psychological processes can surprise us
W HAT DO P SYCHOLOGIST DO B ESIDES T REAT M ENTAL I LLNESS ?
P SYCHOLOGICAL K NOWLEDGE IS U SED I N M ANY P ROFESSIONS
15
Some students devote their lives to studying mind, brain, and behavior
Many professions require a knowledge of psychology
Opportunities for people with graduate degrees in psychology are expected to grow approximately 12 percent between now and 2018 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2009)
5
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
1/22/2014
P SYCHOLOGICAL S CIENCE T EACHES C RITICAL T HINKING
16
Humans are intuitive psychologists
Can people intuitively know if claims related to psychology are fact or fiction?
Critical thinking: Systematically evaluating information to reach reasonable conclusions
17
H OW C RITICAL T HINKING W ORKS
18
Researchers found listening to Mozart led research participants to score higher on a test related to intelligence (Rauscher, Shaw, & Ky, 1993)
Subsequent research largely failed to get the same results
A review of studies testing the Mozart effect showed that listening to Mozart is unlikely to increase intelligence (Chabris, 1999)
6
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
1/22/2014
W AYS OF T HINKING A BOUT M IND , B ODY , AND E XPERIENCE
19
Nature‐only side
Nurture‐only side
Who we are comes from inborn tendencies and genetically based traits
We are all essentially the same at birth, and we are the product of our experiences
Nature and nurture are interdependent, not dichotomous
Nature through nurture
20
THE
Position that the environment constantly interacts with biology to shape who we are, and what we do
N O O NE P ERSPECTIVE T ELLS W HOLE S TORY IN P SYCHOLOGY
How do you determine which perspective gives the best explanations of psychology?
The use of science and critical thinking
Making connections between different perspectives
Adhering rigidly to one school of psychological thought will invariably lead to incomplete explanations
P SYCHOLOGY C ROSSES L EVELS OF A NALYSIS
21
Researchers can explain behavior at many levels of analysis -
biological level
-
individual level
-
social level
-
cultural level
7
CLPS Spring 2014: Introduction
1/22/2014
22
23
24
HOW THESE APPROACHES APPLY TO OUR EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLD?
HOW DID THE PAST SHAPE OTHER’S EXPERIENCES?
8
