History of Psychology

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A summary of the history of psychology by yours truly with reference to some books and my psyc teacher, Ms. April Varias Soriano

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Psyc 1 – General Psychology
History of Psychology
Nature vs. Nurture
• Rene Descartes supported the nativist view that some
ideas are innate
• John Locke advocated the empiricist view that
knowledge is acquired through experiences and
interactions with the world.
1. Wilhelm Wundt
a. The father of psychology
b. ounded psychology as an academic
discipline
c. !stablished the first psychological
laboratory at the "niversity of Leip#ig in
$ermany.
d. Research focused on the senses but he also
studied attention% emotion% and memory.
2. Granville Stanley Hall
a. &tudied with 'undt
b. irst (merican to finish doctoral studies in
psychology
c. !stablished the first psychology laboratory
in the ".&. at John )opkins "niversity.
d. (lso founded the first (merican *ournal of
psychology
3. James McKeenCatell
a. (nother 'undt student
b. +n ,---% he became the first psychology
professor in the ".&.
c. .nown for designing the &ixteen /ersonality
actor 0uestionnaire 1,2/3.
4. Edward ichener
a. 'undt4trained psychologist
b. &tructuralism4 specified mental structures
and analysed the basic elements of mental
life.
c. +ntrospection4 the examination of one5s own
emotional states and mental processes was
the structural psychologist5s ma*or method
of data collection.
!. William James
a. /sychologist from )arvard "niversity
b. unctionalism4 concerned with the functions
of the mind and behavior to adapt to the
environment.
c. unctionalists ask questions like6 7'hat do
people do% and why do they do it89
". J#hn $. Wats#n
a. ounded behaviorism which is the study of
overt% observable behavior.
b. )e postulated that only observable behavior
should be studied.
c. :ehaviorists regarded the work on classical
conditioning of +van /avlov and operant
conditioning of :.. &kinner% as important
areas of research.
%. Ma& Wertheimer
a. /ioneered $estalt /sychology
b. $estalt means form% or configuration.
c. $estalt psychologists believe that 7the
whole is greater than the sum of its parts9
'. Si(mund )reud
a. ( ;iennese /hysician
b. +ntroduced psychoanalysis in the early part
of the <=
th
century.
c. )e postulated that human behavior is deeply
influenced by unconscious thoughts%
impulses% and desires > especially those
concerning sex and aggression.
• Looking at the history of psychology% one gets a
sense of the advancement of its meaning. The
definition of psychology has changed over the
decades% depending on the school of thought
prevailing during particular eras.
• During the time of 'undt% for example% psychology
was defined as the science of mental life. )e then
focused on the inner experiences of the mind 1e.g.
sensations% feelings% and thoughts3.
• rom ,?<=4,?2=% 'atson redefined psychology as
the science of behavior. )is definition implied a shift
in emphasis from science being rooted in
observation. )e believed that since people cannot
observe a feeling% thought% or sensation% it would
seem less scientific for psychology to deal with such
topics.
• Then in the ,?2=s% psychology recaptured its initial
interest in conscious and unconscious mental
processes. To reflect psychology5s concern with both
overt behavior and covert thoughts and feelings%
psychology is now defined as the scientific study of
behavior and mental processes.
Hist#ry #* +sych#l#(y in the +hili,,ines
rom the historical roots of psychology in the west% let us now
look at how psychology has developed as a field in the
/hilippines.
• )istorical accounts indicate that psychology was
probably taught as early as the ,@
th
century in <
/hilippine universities% namely% "&T in Aanila
and the "niversity of &an Barlos in Bebu.
• The first Department of /sychology was
established at the "niversity of the /hilippines
• -(ustin -l#n.# received his /hD in
!xperimental /sychology from the "niversity of
Bhicago% became the head of the country5s first
department of psychology.
• "&T was the first institution to offer
undergraduate% master5s% and doctoral degrees in
psychology.
Aost pioneers in psychology in the /hilippines obtained their
graduate training in the "nited &tates. rom ,?<-4,?2,% the
following seven ilipino /sychologists received their
doctorate from universities in the "&6
1. Sin*#r#s# +adilla
a. Cbtained his /hD from the university of
Aichigan
b. irst ilipino to ma*or in /sychology from the
undergraduate to the doctoral level
c. !stablished the first psychological clinic in the
country "./.
2. Jesus +er,inan
a. Cbtained /hd from the +owa &tate "niversity
b. &et up the ar !astern "niversity psychological
clinic
3. Elias $umatay
a. /hD in !ducational /sychology from the
"niversity of Texas
b. :ecame the Dean of Bollege of !ducation at
Dational "niversity
4. Esta*ania-lda/a01im
a. irst ilipino to receive a doctorate in Blinical
/sychology from the university of Aichigan
b. &tarted the psychology program at the /hilippine
'omen5s "niversity in ,?E-.
c. +n ,?2<% she set up the /hilippine /sychological
Borporation.
!. -l*red# 1a(may
a. Cbtained /hd in !xperimental /sychology in
)arvard "niversity
b. )eaded the /sychology Department of the
"niversity of the /hilippines for << years since
,?FF.
". Marian# 2/ias
a. /hD in Bomparative and /hysiological
/sychology from &tanford "niversity in ,?FF
b. Led the personnel department of Baltex
/hilippines.
%. Jamie $ulata#3 S.J.
a. /hD in Blinical /sychology from ordham
"niversity
b. !stablished the Department of /sychology at the
(teneo de Aanila in ,?2,.
• !xcept for !lias :umatay% all mentioned pioneers
including (gustin (lon#o founded the /sychological
(ssociation of the /hilippines 1/(/3 in ,?2<.
• The earliest forms of psychology practice in the
/hilippines were in the areas of testing% counselling%
and clinical psychology.
• /hilippine psychology has come a long way toward
the establishment of psychology as a science and as a
profession.

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