ida jean orlando
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TUGAS CRITICAL THINKING
ANALISIS DAN PENERAPAN NURSING THEORIES: IDA JEAN ORLANDO
KELOMPOK 5 YOANI MARIA VIANNEY BITA ATY ENDANG FAUZIYAH SUSILAWATI KUSHARYADI NURHADI WAHYUNI TRI LESTARI DEWI KARTIKASARI
PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER KEPERAWATAN FAKULTAS KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA 2011
3
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
Keperawatan se a!a"
a!"an "nte!ra# pe#a$anan %ese&atan 'er(pa%an
s(at( ent(% pe#a$anan pr)*ess")na# $an! +"+asar%an pa+a "#'( %eperawatan, -a+a per%e' an!ann$a "#'( %eperawatan se#a#( 'en!"%(t" per%e' an!an "#'( #a"n.
'en!"n!at "#'( %eperawatan 'er(pa%an "#'( terapan $an! se#a#( er( a& 'en!"%(t" per%e' an!an /a'an, De'"%"an 0(!a +en!an pe#a$anan %eperawatan +" In+)nes"a. %e+epan +"&arap%an &ar(s 'a'p( 'e' er"%an pe#a$anan %epa+a 'as$ara%at se1ara pr)*es")na# ses(a" +en!an t(nt(tan %e (t(&an 'as$ara%at serta te%n)#)!" "+an!
%ese&atan $an! senant"asa er%e' an!, -e#a%sanaan as(&an %eperawatan +" se a!"an esar r('a& sa%"t In+)nes"a ('('n$a te#a& 'enerap%an pen+e%atan "#'"a& 'e#a#(" pr)ses %eperawatan, -erawat +" In+)nes"a 'e#a%sana%an as(&an %eperawatan +en!an 'en!a1( pa+a pe+)'an stan+ar pra%te% pe#a%sanaan as(&an %eperawatan $an! +"tetap%an )#e& --NI, +"'ana stan+ar pra%t"% terse (t 'en!a1( pa+a ta&apan +a#a' pr)ses %eperawatan $an! ter+"r" +ar" 2 stan+ar 3 -en!%a0"an. D"a!n)s"s %eperawatan. -eren1anaan. I'p#e'entas". +an E4a#(as", 5--NI. 6777 &#' 289, -e#a%sanaan as(&an %eperawatan terse (t 'er(pa%an ap#"%as" (ns(r +an %)nsep +ar" e erapa te)r" +an ')+e# %eperawatan $an! +" a+)ps". +"!a (n!. +"%e' an!%an serta +"#a%sana%an, Ke'(n!%"nan +"antaran$a te)r" +an ')+e# $an! 'ewarna" as(&an %eperawatan $a"t( te)r" $an! +"%e'(%a%an )#e& I+a :ean Or#an+) $an! +"%ena# +en!an te)r" pr)ses %eperawatan ata( +"s"p#"n pr)ses %eperawatan, ;
Da#a' te)r"n$a Or#an+) 'en!e'(%anan tentan! e erapa %)nsep (ta'a. +"antaran$a a+a#a& %)nsep +"s"p#"n pr)ses %eperawatan 5 nursing process discipline) $an! 0(!a +"%ena# +en!an se (tan pr)ses +"s"p#"n ata( pr)ses %eperawatan, D"s"p#"n pr)ses %eperawatan 'e#"p(t" %)'(n"%as" perawat %epa+a pas"enn$a $an! s"*atn$a se!era. 'en!"+ent"*"%as" per'asa#a&an %#"en $an! +"sa'pa"%an %epa+a perawat. 'enan$a%an (nt(% 4a#"+as" ata( per a"%an, 5T)'e$. 677<3 ;3;9 Or#an+) 0(!a 'en!!a' ar%an 'en!ena" +"s"p#"n n(rs"n! pr)ses se a!a" "ntera%s" t)ta# 5totally interactive9 $an! +"#a%(%an ta&ap +e'" ta&ap. apa $an! ter0a+" antara perawat +an pas"en +a#a' &( (n!an tertent(. per"#a%( pas"en. rea%s" perawat ter&a+ap per"#a%( terse (t +an t"n+a%an $an! &ar(s +"#a%(%an. 'en!"+ent"*"%as" %e (t(&an pas"en (nt(% 'e' ant(n$a serta (nt(% 'e#a%(%an t"n+a%an $an! tepat 5Ge)r!e. =>>2 ?=<69, Dar" (ra"an +"atas %e#)'p)% tertar"% (nt(% 'en1) a 'e' (at (ra"an 'en!ena" #e "& 0a(& 'en!ena" Ana#"s"s +an -enerapan Te)r" I+e :ean Or#an+),
2
BAB II TINJAUAN TEORI
2.1 Latar !"a#a$% t!&r' I+a :ean Or#an+) -e##et"er #a&"r pa+a tan!!a# =6 A!(st(s =>6< +" New :erse$, Ia te#a& a%t"* er%ar"r se a!a" pe#a%sana. pen+"+"%. pene#"t" +an %)ns(#tan +a#a' "+an! %eperawatan, -a+a awa# %ar"rn$a "a e%er0a se a!a" sta* %eperawatan +" er a!a" "+an! sepert" ) stetr". perawatan pen$a%"t +a#a' +an e+a&. serta +" r(an! e'er!en1", Ia 0(!a te#a& 'en0a at se a!a" s(per4"s)r +an 'en0a at se a!a" as"sten +(a +"re%t(r %eperawatan, I+a :ean Or#an+) 'er(pa%an !eneras" perta'a A'er"%a %et(r(nan Ita#"a, D"a 'ener"'a "0a/a& +"p#)'a %eperawatann$a +ar" New Y)r% Me+"1a# @)##e!e ta&(n =>;8, Se#an0(tn$a 'ener"'a "0a/a& BS 5Public Health Nursing9 +ar" St :)&nAs Un"4ers"t$ New Y)r%. +an MA 5 ental Health Nursing9 +ar" @)#(' "a Un"4ers"t$. New Y)r% pa+a ta&(n =>2;, Or#an+) 0(!a 'er(pa%an Ass)1"ate -r)*ess)r +" Ya#e S1&))# )* N(rs"n! +" 'ana saat "t( "a 'en0a at se a!a" D"re%t(r -r)!ra' -as1a Sar0ana Keperawatan pa+a 0(r(san Kese&atan Menta# -s"%"atr", -a+a saat +" Ya#e +"a 'e#a%(%an 'en+apat%an &" a& pene#"t"an +ar" National Institute o! ental Health er0(+(#3 Inte!ras" K)nsep Kese&atan Menta# ental Health Concepts in a
+a#a' K(r"%(#(' Dasar Keperawatan 5Integration o!
"asic Nursing Curriculu#), Da#a' pene#"t"an "n" Or#an+) 'e#a%(%an ) ser4as" ter&a+ap pen!a#a'an 'a&as"swa +a#a' er"ntera%s" +en!an pas"en. tena!a 'e+"s. <
+an "nstr(%t(r %#"n"% se#a'a 3 ta&(n, Or#an+) 'en1atat se0('#a& 6777 %)ntenB"s" +ar" "ntera%s" pas"en +an perawat se#a'a pene#"t"ann$a, Ber+asar%an pene#"t"an "n". "a 'en!e' an!%an te)r"n$a $an! tert(an! +a#a' (%( 3 The $yna#ic Nurse%Patient Relationship3 &unction' Process' and Principle o! Pro!essional Nursing Practice 5$an! +"ter "t%an pa+a ta&(n =><=9, Or#an+) 'en!ap#"%as"%an te)r"n$a +" tatanan pe#a$anan +an pen+"+"%an %eperawatan, Se#an0(tn$a. "a 'en!e' an!%an The $yna#ic Nurse%Patient Relationship "n" %et"%a ert(!as +" M1Lean H)sp"ta# +" Be#')nt. MA se a!a" D"re%t(r R"set
-r)$e% $an! er0(+(#3 T(o )yste#s o! Nursing in a Psychiatric Hospital* Da#a' pene#"t"an "n". Or#an+) 'en!"'p#e'entas"%an nursing process theory $an! te#a& +"%e' an!%an se e#('n$a, Se#a'a 3 ta&(n tera%&"r. +"a 'ener"'a &" a& pene#"t"an $an! ert(0(an (nt(% 'en!(0" *)r'(#as"Bte)r" $an! +"%e'(%a%ann$a, Has"# +ar"
pene#"t"an "n" ter'(at +a#a' (%(n$a $an! er0(+(#3 The $iscipline and Teaching o! Nursing Process+ An ,valuative )tudy pa+a ta&(n =>86, Da#a' (%( "n". Or#an+) 'en$ata%an +en!an 0e#as tentan! %)'p)nen te)r"n$a. 'en0e#as%an pr)ses +ar" t"n+a%an sese)ran!. +an #e "& %&(s(s 'e' a&as er a!a" 0en"s t"n+a%an $an!
'e' (at perawat t"+a% se!era 'eresp)n %e (t(&an pas"en, 2.2 D!('$')' *a$ K&$)!+ Ma,&r Te)r" $an! +"%e' an!%an )#e& Or#an+) a+a#a& Nursing Process Theory ata( $iciplines Nursing Process. Te)r" %eperawatan Or#an+) 'ene%an%an a+a
&( (n!an t"' a# a#"% antara pas"en +an perawat, -er%ataan +an t"n+a%an %e+(an$a a%an sa#"n! 'e'pen!ar(&", Or#an+) 'en!"+ent"*"%as" er a!a" e#e'en pa+a pr)ses 8
%eperawatan +an 'ene%an%an pent"n!n$a part"s"pas"
pas"en +a#a' pr)ses
%eperawatan, Or#an+) 'en!!a' ar%an ')+e# %eperawatan $an! +"a (n!%ap%an 'e#a#(" #"'a %)nsep 'a$)r $an! sa#"n! er&( (n!an. $a"t(3 =, F(n!s" perawat pr)*es")na# 5The !unction o! pro!essional nursing) F(n!s" +ar" perawat pa+a +asarn$a a+a#a& 'ene'(%an +an 'e'en(&" a+an$a %e (t(&an pas"en $an! per#( +" ant(B+"t)#)n!, -erawat &ar(s resp)ns"* ter&a+ap "n+"4"+( $an! 'en+er"ta. +an &ar(s 'en!ant"s"pas" rasa ta% er+a$a pas"en. &a# terse (t +"*)%(s%an se#a'a pr)ses perawatan. &a# "n" +apat +"#a%(%an +en!an 'e' er"%an ant(an #an!s(n! %epa+a "n+"4"+( +a#a' %)n+"s" apa p(n +a#a' ran!%a (nt(% 'en!&"n+ar". 'en!&"#an!%an. 'en!(ran!". ata( 'en$e' (&%an rasa ta% er+a$a pas"en, 6, A+an$a per"#a%( pas"en 5The presenting behavior o! the patient) Unt(% 'en!eta&(" %e (t(&an pas"en. perawat &ar(s 'en!ena#" s"t(as" $an! '(n!%"n er'asa#a&, A+an$a s(at( per"#a%( pas"en. apap(n ent(%n$a.
'(n!%"n 'er(pa%an s(at( tan+a +ar" pas"en (nt(% 'e'"nta ant(an, A+an$a st"'(#(s per"#a%( pas"en 'en"' (#%an resp)n "nterna# perawat 5 er(pa per"#a%( perawat9 +an se a#"%n$a. per"#a%( perawat 'en"' (#%an resp)n pa+a pas"en, 3, Resp)n se!era ata( resp)n "nterna# perawat 5the i##ediate or internal response o! nurse) Sese)ran! 'e#"&at s(at( ) $e% +en!an 'en!!(na%an sa#a& sat( +ar" #"'a "n+ra, Se#an0(tn$a. perseps" terse (t se1ara )t)'at"s 'eran!san! pe'"%"ranB!a!asan $an! a%an 'enst"'(#(s '(n1(#n$a perasaan, C Se#an0(tn$a ar( sese)ran!
terse (t a%an
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se e#('n$a, Kese#(r(&an ta&ap terse (t +"+e*"n"s"%an se a!a" rea%s" i##ediate 5rea%s" se!era9, Ha# "n" +"pen!ar(&" +a#a' pr)ses %eperawatan, ;, D"s"p#"n pr)ses %eperawatan -The nursing process discipline) Set"ap pen!%a0"an 5) ser4as"9 %eperawatan +"+"s%(s"%an +an +"e%sp#)ras" ersa'a pas"en, Se e#(' t"n+a%an %eperawatan +"#a%(%an. perawat &ar(s 'e'ast"%an apa%a& t"n+a%ann$a a%an erpen!ar(& p)s"t"* ata( ne!at"* ter&a+ap pas"en, Ha# "n" san!at er!(na +a#a' 'en!"+ent"*"%as" %e (t(&an pas"en +en!an se!era, Da#a' pr)ses %eperawatan. perawat t"+a% )#e& 'en!an!!ap set"ap t"n+a%an $an! te#a& +"#a%(%an a+a#a& a&wa a!a"'ana pen!a#a'an serta peran perawat
enarBtepat. tetap" per#(
+"e4a#(as"B+"4a#"+as" ter#e "& +a&(#( %e pas"en apa%a& t"n+a%ann$a te#a& enarD enar te#a& 'e' ant( 'e'en(&" %e (t(&an pas"en, T"n+a%an %eperawatan $an! ers"*at )t)'at"s 5&an$a 'e#a%(%an %e "asaan9 t"+a% e*e%t"*. %arena tanpa pr)ses e%sp#)ras" B%)'(n"%as" ter&a+ap pas"en. perawat t"+a% 'en!eta&(" %e (t(&an pas"en $an! a%t(a# +an 'en!an!!ap t"n+a%ann$a se#a#( enar, 2, -er a"%an +an pen"n!%atan 5I#prove#ent) -erawat per#( 'en!e4a#(as" &as"# +ar" t"n+a%ann$a. apa%a& t"n+a%ann$a +apat 'e' ant( 'e'en(&" %e (t(&an pas"en +an a!a"'ana &a# terse (t ter0a+",
Set"ap %a#" %)nta% +en!an pas"en. perawat %e' a#" e#a0ar a!a"'ana 'e' ant( pas"en se1ara "n+"4"+(a# 5se1ara (n"%9 'e#a#(" pe#a$anan $an! +" er"%an )#e& perawat 5+"'ana 'as"n!D'as"n! perawat 'e'"#"%" %e(n"%an +a#a' t"n+a%an >
%eperawatan9, Da#a' pr)ses "n" ter#"&at a&wa perawat a%an +apat 'e'per a"%" ata( 'en"n!%at%an %(a#"tas pe#a$anann$a se0a#an +en!an %eperawatan ter&a+ap pas"en, D" +a#a' te)r" %eperawatan $an! +"%e'(%a%an Or#an+). +"serta" p(#a +e*"n"s" $an! ter%a"t. antara #a"n3 =, Tan!!(n! :awa -erawat 5Nurse.s Responsibility9 Tan!!(n! 0awa perawat $a"t( 'e' ant( apap(n $an! pas"en (t(&%an (nt(% 'e'en(&" %e (t(&an terse (t 5'"sa#n$a %en$a'anan *"s"% +an 'enta# serta %ea'anan se#a'a 'en+apat%an pen!) atan ata( se#a'a 'asa perawatan9, e erapa er0a#ann$a pr)ses
Tan!!(n! 0awa perawat a+a#a& 'e'ast"%an terpen(&"n$a %e (t(&an pas"en . a"% se1ara #an!s(n! )#e& perawat 'a(p(n t"+a% #an!s(n! 5+en!an 'e'"nta ant(an )ran! #a"n9, 6, Ke (t(&an -as"en -need) Ke (t(&an a+a#a& %)n+"s" $an! 'en!!a' ar%an se!a#a ses(at( $an! +"per#(%an )#e& pas"en. +an "#a &a# "n" terpen(&" +apat 'en!(ran!" ata( 'en!&"#an!%an distress pas"en +an 'en"n!%at%an rasa a'an +an n$a'an, 3, -er"#a%( pas"en 5presenting behavior o! patient9 -er"#a%( $an! +"'a%s(+ +"s"n" a+a#a& se!a#a t"n+a%an n)n4er a# $an! +apat +") ser4as", ;, Rea%s" Se!era 5i##ediate reactions) Rea%s" se!era 'e#"p(t" perseps". p"%"ran +an perasaan perawat 'a(p(n pas"en, a"% 4er a# 'a(p(n
=7
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D"s"p#"n -r)ses Keperawatan 5discipline nursing process) Men(r(t Ge)r!e 5=>>2 &#' =<69 'en!art"%an +"s"p#"n pr)ses %eperawatan
se a!a" "ntera%s" t)ta# 5totally interactive9 $an! +"#a%(%an ta&ap +e'" ta&ap, <, -er a"%anB-en"n!%atan -I#prove#ent) Ber+asar%an (%( $an! +"t(#"s Or#an+) pa+a ta&(n =><=. per a"%anBpen"n!%atan $an! +"'a%s(+ a+a#a& +apat t(' (& #e "& er'an*aat, -r)ses %eperawatan "#'( $an! a"%. #e "& 'en!(nt(n!%an. +an a"% se&ar(sn$a perawat. +apat #e "&
'en(' (&%anB'en!e' an!%an
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'en!(nt(n!%an +an er'an*aat a!" pas"en +an perawat 5%arena set"ap t"n+a%an %eperawatan +"+asar%an pa+a %e (t(&an "n+"4"+(a# pas"en9, 8, T(0(an Keperawatan -Purpose o! Nursing) T(0(an %eperawatan pa+a +asarn$a a+a#a& 'en$e+"a%an ant(an (nt(% pas"en +a#a' ran!%a 'e'en(&" %e (t(&an pas"en, C, T"n+a%an Ot)'at"s Keperawatan -Auto#atic Nursing Action) T"n+a%an )t)'at"s a+a#a& er a!a" t"n+a%an %eperawatan $an! +"#a%(%an (%an er+asar%an %e (t(&an pas"en 5%e (t(&an $an! ers"*at se!era9, >, T"n+a%an %)ns(#tat"* %eperawatan 5$eliberative Nursing Action) T"n+a%an %)ns(#tat"* %eperawatan a+a#a& er a!a" t"n+a%an %eperawatan $an! +"#a%(%an sete#a& 'e'ast"%an a+an$a s(at( %e (t(&an pas"en 5'e#a#(" %)'(n"%as"De%sp#)ras" pas"en9 +an +"#an0(t%an +en!an 'e'en(&" %e (t(&an terse (t,
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Ga' ar 6,= S%e'a K)nsep Te)r" $yna#ics Nurse%Patient Relationship $an! +"%e'(%a%an I+a :ean Or#an+) 5-e##et"er9. =>6< S%e'a +"atas 'en!!a' ar%an a!a"'ana pr)ses "ntera%s" perawatDpas"en er0a#an, -a+a +asarn$a set"ap t"n+a%an %eperawatan &ar(s +"#a%(%an sete#a& 'e'ast"%an a+an$a s(at( %e (t(&an pas"en 5'e#a#(" %)'(n"%as"De%sp#)ras" pas"en9 +an +"#an0(t%an +en!an 'e'en(&" %e (t(&an terse (t. se&"n!!a set"ap t"n+a%an %eperawatan a%an enarD enar tepat ses(a" %e (t(&an pas"en pa+a saat "t( 0(!a,
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Ber+asar%an !a' ar s%e'a +"atas. %)nsep Or#an+) 'en!ena" deliberative nursing process 'e'(n!%"n%an perawat +apat 3 =, Men$a0"%an er a!a" e#e'en %)nsep $an! sa#"n! er&( (n!an sat( sa'a #a"n. s(+(t pan+an! s"ste'at"s ter&a+ap *en)'ena +a#a' %eperawatan, 6, 3, Menent(%an &( (n!an $an! %&as +"antara e#e'en %)nsep $an! +"%e'(%a%an, -en0e#asan 'en!ena" apa $an! ter0a+" se#a'a pr)ses %eperawatan a#asann$a, ;, 2, Menent(%an 1ara (nt(% 'en!en+a#"%an *en)'ena %eperawatan $an! t"+a% a"%, Men0e#as%an a!a"'ana pen!en+a#"an ter&a+ap *en)'ena %eperawatan +apat eserta
'e'pen!ar(&" outco#eB+a'pa% +ar" t"n+a%an %eperawatan, 2.3 A)1.)' Ma,&r -a+a +asarn$a. as('s" 'a$)r pa+a te)r" $an! +"%e'(%a%an )#e& Or#an+) t"+a% +"n$ata%an se1ara e%sp#"s"t. na'(n se a#"%n$a. $a"t( se1ara "'p#"s"t, As('s" Or#an+) ter&a+ap 'etapara+"!'a %eperawatan &a'p"r se#(r(&n$a ter%an+(n! +a#a' te)r"n$a, As('s" te)r" Or#an+) +apat +" "#an! &a'p"r sa'a +en!an te)r"Dte)r" %eperawatan pen+a&(#(n$a. $a"t( t"+a% spes"*"%. se&"n!!a er"%(tn$a e erapa pen(#"s
an$a% 'en!e%strap)#as" te)r" terse (t, Na'(n +e'"%"an S1&'"e+"n!
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=;
a, As('s" tentan! Keperawatan =, Keperawatan a+a#a& s(at( pr)*es" $an! terp"sa&B er e+a +ar" +"s"p#"nBpr)*es" #a"n, 6, Keperawatan pr)*es")na# 'e'"#"%" *(n!s" +an pr)+(% 5outco#e) $an! er e+a, 3, -erawat pr)*es")na# er e+a +ar" )ran! "asaBawa', , As('s" tentan! -as"en =, Ke (t(&an pas"en ers"*at (n"%, 6, -a+a +asarn$a. set"ap pas"en 'e'p(n$a" $an! per#( %e'a'p(an +" ant( )#e& (nt(% )ran!
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se#(r(& per"#a%( pas"en +apat 'en0a+" "n+"%as" per#(n$a ant(an tetap" 0"%a &a# "t( t"+a% +"%)'(n"%as"%an +apat 'en"' (#%an 'asa#a& +a#a' "ntera%s" perawatD pas"en, T"+a% e*e%t"*n$a per"#a%( pas"en 'er(pa%an "n+"%as" +a#a' 'e'e#"&ara &( (n!an perawatDpas"en. %et"+a%a%(ratan +a#a' 'en!"+ent"*"%as" %e (t(&an pas"en $an! +"per#(%an perawat. ata( rea%s" ne!at"* pas"en ter&a+ap t"n+a%an perawat, -en$e#esa"an 'asa#a& t"+a% e*e%t"*n$a per"#a%( pas"en #a$a% +"pr")r"tas%an, Rea%s" +an t"n+a%an perawat &ar(s +"ran1an! (nt(%
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pas"en $an! 'en+esa%. '"sa#n$a t"n+a%an pe' er"an ) at atas "ntr(%s" 'e+"s, D" awa& "n" 'er(pa%an %r"ter"a t"n+a%an %eperawatan $an! +"ren1ana%an3 a, T"n+a%an 'er(pa%an &as"# +ar" "n+et"*"%as" %e (t(&an pas"en +en!an 'e'4a#"+as" rea%s" perawat ter&a+ap per"#a%( pas"en, , -erawat 'en0e#as%an 'a%s(+ t"n+a%an %epa+a pas"en +an ses(a" (nt(% 'e'en(&" %e "t(&an pas"en, 1, -erawat 'e'4a#"+as" e*e%t"*"tas t"n+a%an. se!era sete#a& +"#a%(%an se1ara #en!%ap +, -erawat 'e' e as%an st"'(#as" $an! t"+a% er&( (n!an +en!an %e (t(&an pas"en %et"%a 'e#a%(%an t"n+a%an, T"n+a%an )t)'at"s t"+a% a%an 'e'en(&" %r"ter"a terse (t, Be erapa 1)nt)& t"n+a%an )t)'at"s t"n+a%an r(t"n"tas. 'e#a%sana%an "nstr(%s" +)%ter. t"n+a%an per#"n+(n!an %ese&atan se1ara ('(', Se'(a "t( t"+a% 'e' (t(&%an 4a#"+as" rea%s" perawat,
67
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66
-a+a ta&(n =>><. R)sent&a# 0(!a 'ere%)'en+as"%an te)r" Or#an+) se a!a" +asar as(&an %eperawatan per")perat"*. %arena 'en(r(tn$a pas"en era+a +" r(an! )peras" +a#a' per")+e $an! re#at"* s"n!%at. se&"n!!a 0(str( +" (t(&%an pen!%a0"an "ntens"* +an a%(rat a!ar t"n+a%an perawat enarD enar ses(a" +en!an %e (t(&an +an %e'a'p(an pas"en, R)sent&a#
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63
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'en!eta&(" a&wa te)r"B')+e# terse (t a+a#a& te)r" Or#an+), Sa#a& sat( 1)nt)&. -a'e#a Green 567779 'en$ata%an se enarn$a +"r"n$a te#a& 'en!!(na%an te)r" Or#an+) +a#a' 'en!a0ar 'a&as"swa t"n!%at awa# +" M"+west State Un"4ers"t$ +" TeHas. A'er"%a Ser"%at. na'(n +"a ar( 'en!eta&(" a&wa $an! +"terap%ann$a se enarn$a 'er(pa%an te)r" Or#an+) saat +"a 'en0a#an" pr)!ra' +)1t)ra#. tepatn$a %et"%a +"a 'en!(0" pen!!(naan er a!a" te)r" %eperawatan, Se0a% ta&(n =><=. an$a% (%( %eperawatan 0"wa te#a& 'e'as(%%an te)r" Or#an+) se a!a" a!"an +ar" pen+"+"%an %eperawatan 0"wa, Or#an+) 0(!a te#a& an$a% 'en(#"s pan+(an a!" perawat (nt(% 'e#a%(%an %)nta%B"ntera%s" +en!an pas"en. $an! +"n"#a" san!at 0e#as +an +apat +"'en!ert" )#e& se'(a perawat. %&(s(sn$a +" #"n!%(n!an %eperawatan 0"wa, Ber"%(tn$a. te)r" Or#an+) 0(!a ter1atat te#a& %eperawatan, -a+a ta&(n =>86. Or#an+) 'en$ata%an a&wa perawat per#( 'en+apat pe#at"&an dsicipline nursing process a!ar perawat +apat 'en!)ntr)# 0a#ann$a pr)ses %eperawatan "t( sen+"r" +an pa+a a%&"rn$a +apat 'e'per a"%" per"#a%( pas"en, Unt(% "t( Or#an+) 'en!e' an!%an s(at( "nstr('en Epere%a'an pr)sesE. $a"t( s(at( a#at $an! +"!(na%an (nt(% e4a#(as" +"r" 5sel!%evaluation perawat $an! ert(0(an (nt(% 'en!eta&(" apa%a& perawat te#a& 'enerap%an +"s"p#"n pr)ses %eperawatan, Or#an+) 'en$ata%an a&wa "nstr('en "n" an$a% +"%e' an!%an +a#a' pr)!ra' pen+"+"%an 'aster
+"ran1an! a!ar para peserta pe#at"&an 5perawat9 +apat e#a0ar a!a"'ana 1ara (nt(% 'ena'p"#%an Erea%s" se!eraE 5i##ediate respon) pa+a pas"en serta 62
se%a#"!(s 'e'"nta 4er"*"%as" 'ap(n %)re%s", Instr('en "n" 'as"& +"!(na%an +a#a' pen+"+"%an %eperawatan,
an$a%
Se#a"n "t(. W"n+er 5=>C;9 0(!a te#a& 'ere%)'en+as"%an te)r" Or#an+) se a!a" sa#a& sat( ')+e# pe' e#a0aran pr)ses %eperawatan a!" s"swan$a,
W"n+er 'e'an+an! s"swa %eperawatan 'e'er#(%an s(at( #"n!%(n!an $an! +"!(na%an (nt(% 'en!"'p#e'entas"%an Gcaring process. +a#a' %(r"%(#(' %eperawatan. +an +"a 'e'an+an! te)r" Or#an+) $an! tepat (nt(% 'e' er"%an %)n+"s"B1)nt)& terse (t, Be!"t( p(#a Ha!!ert$ 5=>C89 te#a& 'ere%)'en+as"%an ')+e# Or#an+) (nt(% 'en!a0ar" s"swa %eperawatan tentan! %)nsept(a# pr)ses "ntera%s" serta t(0(ann$a, D" #"n!%(n!an %eperawatan "nternas")na#. te)r" Or#an+) 0(!a te#a& an$a% +"terap%an +a#a' pen+"+"%an, D" Swe+"a. te)r" Or#an+) +"an!!ap san!at 'e' ant( s"swa %eperawatan +a#a' 'erawat pas"en #ans"a. %&(s(sn$a (nt(% 'ener"'a +an 'en$es(a"%an %e (t(&an #ans"a na'(n tetap 'en0a!a "+ent"tas +an a(t)n)'$ #ans"a terse (t, Te)r" "n" +"an!!ap +apat 'en0e' atan" %esen0an!an antara $an! +"sa'pa"%an +" %e#as +an %en$ataan +" #apan!an, Se#a"n "t(. +" In!!r"s. -r"1e 567739 0(!a 'en!en an!%an te)r" Or#an+) +a#a' 'en!(%(r +an 'enent(%an 'asa#a& pra%t"% %eperawatan. '(#a" +ar" ) ser4as" 5+an se%a#"!(s a!a"'ana pe'"%"ran perawat9. 'en!!(na%an pen!a#a'an 'asa #a#( pas"en. pen!('p(#an +ata 'asa #a#( +an 'asa %"n". serta a!a"'ana
'e'(t(s%an (nt(% %)#a )ras" +en!an t"' $an! #a"n, D" A(stra#"a. tepatn$a +" Un"4ers"t$ )* S)(t&ern I(eens#an+. -err"n +an Re"##$ 567769 6< a&%an te#a&
'en!e' an!%an s(at( pe#at"&an 'ana0e'en $an! +"+asar%an pa+a %eran!%a %er0a re*#e%t"* S1&'"e+"n!. +"'ana %eran!%a %er0a "n" +"%e' an!%an +ar" te)r" Or#an+), D" :epan!. te)r" Or#an+) 0(!a an$a% +"!(na%an +a#a' pen+"+"%an, Sa#a& sat(n$a a+a#a& T)s&"%) Y)%($a'a 5677;9 te#a& 'en!!(na%an te)r" Or#an+) (nt(% 'en!a0ar s"swa %eperawatan. a"% pa+a #e4e# undergraduate
'a(p(n pr)!ra' 'aster saat +"r"n$a 'en0a at +e%an &aculty o! Health )cience' ,hi#e 0niversity, Se#a"n ne!araDne!ara $an! te#a& +"se (t%an +"atas. ne!ara #a"n $an! ter1atat 0(!a te#a& 'enerap%an te)r" Or#an+) antara #a"n :er'an 5M"s1&)D Ke##"n! +an W"ttne en. =>>29. -)rt(!a# 5Ana Men+es. +%%. 67739. Span$)# 5Ra1") Ganan. +%%. 677;9. +an Bras"#"a 5Ana @#a(+"a +e S)(/a T)n")##" +an L)r"ta Mar#ena. 67769, 3, -ene#"t"an Keperawatan -enerapan te)r" Or#an+) ter(s er#an0(t. a&%an 'e#(as sa'pa" %e area pene#"t"an %eperawatan, Ban$a% pene#"t"an $an! 'e' er"%an (%t" e'p"r"s
a&wa te)r" Or#an+) 4a#"+, Dra1(p +an Bre( 5=>8C9 'en!!(na%an +e*"n"s" Or#an+) tentan! %e (t(&an 5need) (nt(% 'e' ant( pene#"t"ann$a tentan! %e (t(&an er+(%a, -"ens1&%e 5=>839 'e#a#(" pene#"t"ann$a pa+a pas"en %an%er. 'ene'(%an a&wa %ea+e%(atan pe#a$anan +apat +"t"n!%at%an 'e#a#("
pen+e%atan %eter (%aan. perseps" tentan! %e (t(&an pas"en. +an %e ersa'aan antara pas"en +an perawat +a#a' 'e'en(&" %e (t(&ann$a, Te)r" Or#an+) tentan! deliberative nursing process 0(!a te#a& an$a%
+"te#"t" (nt(% 'e' (%t"%an e*e%t"*"tas pen!!(naann$a +a#a' pe#a$anan, Mert/ 68
+an Le)nar+ 5=><29 'ene'(%an a&wa t"n+a%an %eperawatan er+asar%an te)r" Or#an+) 5deliberative nursing actions9 +apat 'en!(ran!" +"stres pas"en ar(, W)#*er +an V"s"nta"ner 5=>829 +a#a' pene#"t"ann$a 0(!a 'ene'(%an &a# $an! ser(pa pa+a pas"en ana%Dana% +an )ran!t(an$a, D('as +an :)&ns)n 5=>869 'e#a%(%an pene#"t"an pa+a pas"en pre)perat"* +an 'ene'(%an a&wa +"stres pas"en pre)perat"* +an %)'p#"%as" pas1a )peras" 'e#a%(%an "nter4ens" ses(a" te)r" Or#an+), er%(ran! sete#a& perawat
-a+a ta&(n =>88. O#s)n +an
Hann1&ett 'ene#"t" &( (n!an e'pat" perawat +an +a'pa%n$a ter&a+ap pas"en +en!an 'en!!(na%an %eran!%a te)r" Or#an+). S1&'"e+"n! 5=>CC9 'en!!(na%an te)r" Or#an+) (nt(% 'ene#"t" pr)ses
t"n+a%an )#e& perawat a+'"n"strat)r ter&a+ap sta* perawat, S1&'"e+"n! 'en$"'p(#%an a&wa %(a#"tas %eperawatan ter1er'"n 'e#a#(" %(a#"tas ant(an $an! +"ter"'a sta* perawat 5+ar" perawat a+'"n"strat)r9 +a#a' pe'e1a&an 'asa#a& $an! +"&a+ap",Se#a"n "t(. te)r" "n" 0(!a +"!(na%an se a!a" +asar pene#"t"an )#e& S1&'"e+"n! +an K)%($a'a 5=>>29. +"'ana pene#"t"an "n" ert(0(an (nt(% 'e'pers"ap%an %e (t(&an pe#a$anan %eperawatan (nt(% #ans"a +" :epan! pa+a a a+ er"%(tn$a, Te)r" Or#an+) 0(!a +"!(na%an +a#a' pene#"t"an ter&a+ap pas"en +en!an !an!!(an "p)#ar 5bipolar disorder9, Ba(er +an M1Br"+e 5=>>89 'ene'(%an a&wa pen!!(naan ')+e# te)r" Or#an+) +apat 'en"n!%at%an %eta&anan pas"en. 'en!(ran!" %e0a+"an %e!awatan. 'e'perpen+e% #a'a rawat "nap 5LOS9. +an 'en"n!%at%an %ep(asan pas"en, Ba&%an pa+a pene#"t"an er"%(tn$a 567769 te)r" 6C
Or#an+) +"!(na%an se a!a" pr)t)%)# perawatan. +an +"te'(%an
a&wa te)r"
')+e# Or#an+) +apat 'e'per%(at sel!%#anage#ent s1ill pas"en serta 'en"n!%at%an pen!a#a'an s)s"a# +an occupational, 2.9 K!"!.a4a$ T!&r' Be erapa %e#e'a&an +"(n!%ap%anB+"te'(%an )#e& 'e'pe#a0ar" +an 'en!ap#"%as"%an te)r" "n" antara #a"n3 a, Ap#"%as" Bpen!!(naan te)r" "n" ter atas pa+a pas"en $an! sa+ar. +an 'a'p( er%)'(n"%as" 5t"+a% +apat +"ap#"%as"%an pa+a pas"en $an! 'en!a#a'" pen(r(nan %esa+aran9, , Te)r" "n" +"n"#a" #e "& *)%(s pa+a perawatan +a#a' 0an!%a pen+e%. %arena &an$a 'eresp)n %e (t(&an $an! ers"*at se!era 5i##ediate needs9, 1, Te)r" "n" #e "& ses(a" +"ap#"%as"%an pa+a pas"en $an! t"+a% +"+a'p"n!" an!!)ta %e#(ar!a. se&"n!!a perawat &ar(s 'en+apat%an +ataB"n*)r'as" &an$a +ar" pas"en, +, Te)r" Or#an+) ers"*at san!at "ntera%t"*. se&"n!!a 'e' (at te)r" "n" s(#"t +"ap#"%as"%an pa+a s"t(as"B%)n+"s" perawatan tertent( $an! 'e' (t(&%an perawatan $an! ers"*at san!at te%n"%a# +an *"s"%, e erapa p"&a% $an! te#a&
6>
BAB III APLIKASI TEORI
-ra%t"s" %eperawatan +a#a' 'e#a%sana%an *(n!s"n$a per#( 'enerap%an te)r" ata( ')+e# $an! ses(a" +en!an s"t(as" tertent(, -a+a %)n+"s" awa#. %)' "nas" +ar" e erapa te)r" ata( ')+e# +apat +"pert"' an!%an. tetap" 0"%a +"per!(na%an se1ara %)ns"sten +apat +"#a%(%an ana#"sa ata( e4a#(as" ter&a+ap e*e%t"4"tasn$a, Den!an 'en!!(na%an er a!a" te)r" +an ')+e# %eperawatan. 'a%a *)%(s +an %)nse%wens" pra%te% %eperawatan +apat er e+a, H( (n!an te)r" Or#an+) +en!an pr)ses
%eperawatan +apat +"!a' ar%an se a!a" er"%(t3 =, -en!%a0"an Te)r" Or#an+) 0e#as se%a#" 'en!(n!%ap%an pent"n!n$a pen!%a0"an. %&s(sn$a 'e#a#(" %)'(n"%as". +a#a' pr)ses %eperawatan, -erawat +apat 'en!awa#" pen!%a0"an 'e#a#(" ) ser4as" ter&a+ap per"#a%( %#"en. %arena per"#a%( %#"en 'er(pa%an 4"s(a#"sas" +ar" %e (t(&an a%t(a#B%e (t(&an $an! ers"*at se!era
5i##ediate needs), E%sp#)ras" perawat ter&a+ap per"#a%( pas"en +apat +"!(na%an (nt(% 'en!"+ent"*"%as" %e (t(&an a%an pert)#)n!an 'e#a#(" pr)ses ana#"sa, 6, -eren1anaan Te)r" Or#an+) 'e' a&as peren1anaan %eperawatan ter%a"t i##ediate needs +ar" pas"en, T(0(an +an ren1ana "nter4ens" $an! +"s(s(n +"ran1an! +a#a' 0an!%a wa%t( $an! pen+e% 5i##ediate9 a!ar %e (t(&an pas"en se!era terpen(&". se&"n!!a se!era ter0a+" per a"%anBpen"n!%atan per"#a%( pas"en, 37
3,
I'p#e'entas" Da#a' pr)ses "'p#e'entas" %eperawatan. te)r" Or#an+) 'ene%an%an pa+a t"n+a%an se!era 5i##ediate respons2a1t")ns9 (nt(% 'en!atas" 'asa#a& %eperawatan 5%e (t(&an i##ediate pas"en9, T"n+a%an %eperawatan $an! +"#a%(%an ses(a" +en!an peren1anaan %eperawatan $an! +"t(0(%an (nt(% 'en!atas"B'e'en(&" i##ediate needs pas"en, T"n+a%an %eperawatan $an! +"#a%(%an re#at"* t"+a% er(#an! %arena Or#an+) 'ene%an%an pa+a
resp)nBt"n+a%an %eperawatan spes"*"% $an! e*e%t"* 'en!atas"B'e'en(&" %e (t(&an pas"en -i##ediate needs) $an! +"te'(%an pa+a saat "t(* ;, E4a#(as" Or#an+) 0(!a 'ene%an%an pr)ses e4a#(as" ter&a+ap t"n+a%an %eperawatan $an! te#a& +"#a%(%an 'e#a#(" pr)ses e4a#(as"B4a#"+as" ter&a+ap pas"en $an! ert(0(an (nt(% 'en!eta&(" %ee*e%t"*an t"n+a%an %eperawatan, D" awa& "n" 'er(pa%an !a' aran ap#"%as" +"s"p#"n pr)ses %eperawatan Or#an+) pa+a pen+er"ta SKA STEMI = 0a' sete#a& 'en+apat seran!an, -.1 Ga. ara$ Ka)1) Tn,N (s"a ;2 ta&(n sat( 0a' se e#(' 'as(% r('a& sa%"t 'en!e#(& n$er" +a+a se e#a& %"r" 'en0a#ar %e #e&er. ra&an!. #en!an serta %e p(n!!(n! se e#a& %"r", N$er" +"rasa%an sepert" terte%an en+a erat, N$er" 'enetap wa#a(p(n te#a&
+""st"ra&at%an, N$er" +"rasa%an ter(s 'ener(s #e "& +ar" 37 'en"t, Ke'(+"an )#e& %e#(a!a +" awa %e UGD, K#"en se e#('n$a e#(' perna& +"rawat ata( sa%"t erat tetap" 'e'"#"%" %e "asaan %(ran! )#a& ra!a. r"wa$at 'er)%)% erat 6 (n!%(s per 3=
&ar". %#"en a+a#a& se)ran! %epa#a %e#(ar!a +an e%er0a se a!a" se)ran! 'ene!er +" sa#a& sat( per(sa&aan, Has"# pe'er"%saan *"s"% 3 %esa+aran %)'p)s 'ent"s. te%anan +ara& =;7B>7 ''H!. Na+" >C %a#"Bpe'"t. resp"ras" 37 %a#"B'en"t, Ta'pa% !e#"sa&. an$a% %e#(ar %er"n!at, Has"# pe'er"%saan EKG 'en(n0(%an a+an$a ST e#e4as", Has"# La )rat)r"(' ter+apat en/"' tr)p)n"n T p)s"t"p +an @KMB
'en"n!%at, O#e& +)%ter %#"en +"+"a!n)sa s"n+r)'a %)r)ner a%(t +en!an ST e#e4as" M")1ar+ "n*ar%, -.2 P!"a#)a$aa$ A)14a$ K!+!ra5ata$ B!r*a)ar#a$ T!&r' Pr&)!) K!+!ra5ata$ Or"a$*& -a+a %as(s Tn,N terse (t +"atas 'a%a perawat &ar(s se!era ter&a+ap per"#a%( pas"en erea%s"
a"% se1ara per a# 'a(p(n n)n 4er a#. 'e#a%(%an
4a#"+as". 'e' a!" erea%s" ter&a+ap per"#a%( pas"en +en!an 'e'perseps"%an. er*"%"r +an 'erasa%an, -erawat 'e' ant( pas"en (nt(% 'en!(ran!" %et"+a%n$a'anan a"% *"s"% 'a(p(n ps"%)#)!"s. %et"+a%'a'p(an pas"en +a#a' 'en)#)n! +"r"n$a. serta 'en!e4a#(as" t"n+a%an perawatan $an! s(+a& +"#a%(%ann$a, Se'(a "t( +apat +"terap%an 'e#a#(" pen+a%aan +"s"p#"n pr)ses %eperawatan Or#an+) se a!a" er"%(t 3 =, Fase Rea%s" -erawat, Men(r(t Ge)r!e 5=>>29 a&wa rea%s" perawat +"'ana ter0a+" er a!" rea%s"
perawat +an per"#a%( pas"en +a#a' +"s"p#"n pr)ses %eperawatan te)r" Or#an+) "+ent"% +en!an *ase pen!%a0"an pa+a pr)ses %eperawatan,
36
-en!%a0"an +"*)%(s%an ter&a+ap +ataD+ata $an! re#at"* 'en(n0(%an %)n+"s" $an! e'er!en1" +an 'e' a&a$a%an a!" %e&"+(pan pas"en. +ata $an! per#( +"%a0" pa+a %as(s +"atas se#a"n n$er" +a+a $an! %&as ter&a+ap a+an$a !an!!(an s"r%(#as" %)r)ner. 0(!a per#( +"%a0" #e "& 0a(& a+a#a& a!a"'ana %&ara%ter"st"% n$er" +a+a 'e#"p(t" apa $an! 'en0a+" *a%t)r pen1et(sn$a. a!a"'ana %(a#"tasn$a.
#)%as"n$a. +era0at +an wa%t(n$a, D"sa'p"n! "t( +apat%an 0(!a +ata a+a%a& %es(#"tan erna*as. rasa sa%"t %epa#a. '(a# +an '(nta& $an! '(n!%"n +apat
'en$erta" %e#(&an n$er" +a+a, -erawat per#( 'en!%a0" per"#a%( pas"en n)n 4er a# $an! 'en(n0(%an a&wa pas"en 'e'er#(%an pert)#)n!an se!era sepert" 3 tan+aDtan+a 4"ta#. pa+a %as(s +"+apat%an te%anan +ara& =;7B>7 ''H!. na+" >C %a#"B'en"t. resp"ras" 37 %a#"B'en"t, Ta'pa% !e#"sa&. an$a% %e#(ar %er"n!at, -er#( 0(!a +"%a0" a!a"'ana %)n+"s" a%ra# apa%a& &an!at ata( +"n!"n. @RT. %e%(atan +en$(t na+". Se#an0(tn$a perawat per#( 'en!eta&(" +ataD+ata #a"n sepert" 1atatan +ar" t"' %ese&atan #a"n. &as"# #a )rat)r"(' +an pe'er"%saan +"a!n)st"%, -a+a %as(s +"+apat%an 3 EKG ST e#e4as". +"a!n)sa 'e+"s SKA STEMI. Tr)p)n"n T p)s"t"*. @KMB 'en"n!%at, 6, Fase Nursing Action Fase peren1anaan pa+a pr)ses %eperawatan. ses(a" +en!an *ase nursing action pa+a +"s"p#"n pr)ses %eperawatan 'en1a%(p sharing reaction 5ana#"sa +ata9. +"a!n)sa %eperawatan. peren1anaan +an t"n+a%an %eperawatan ata(
"'p#e'entas", T(0(ann$a a+a#a& se#a#( 'en!(ran!" a%an %e (t(&an pas"en ter&a+ap ant(an serta er&( n!an +en!an pen"n!%atan per"#a%( pas"en, Sete#a& 33
'en+apat%an +ataD+ata $an! 'en(n0(%an per"#a%( pas"en. 'en(r(t Or#an+) perawat per#( 'e#a%(%an s&ar"n! rea1t")n $an! "+ent"% +en!an ana#"sa +ata. se&"n!!a +apat +"tent(%an +"a!n)sa %eperawatan, a, D"a!n)sa %eperawatan D"a!n)sa %eperawatan +"*)%(s%an ter&a+ap 'asa#a& %et"+a% 'a'p(an pas"en (nt(% 'e'en(&" %e (t(&ann$a se&"n!!a per#( pert)#)n!an perawat, Dar" +ata $an! +"+apat%an pa+a %as(s Tn,N+"te'(%an 'asa#a& 3 =9 Ket"+a%'a'p(an pas"en 'en)#)n! +"r"n$a +a#a' 'e'e#"&ara per*(s" 0ar"n!an )t)t 0ant(n! 5 er&( (n!an +en!an pen(r(nan a#"ran +ara& se%(n+er ter&a+ap ) str(%s",9 69 Ket"+a%'a'p(an pas"en 'en)#)n! +"r"n$a +a#a' 'en!atas" rasa n$er" 5 er&( (n!an +en!an a+an$a "s%e'"%9 39 Ket"+a%'a'p(an pas"en (nt(% 'e#a%(%an a%t"4"tas *"s"% 5 er&( (n!an +en!an %et"+a%s"' an!an s(p#a" +an %e (t(&an a%an )%s"!en9 , Ben1ana Keperawatan Sete#a& 'asa#a& %eperawatan pas"en +"tent(%an +"s(s(n ren1ana %eperawatan. *)%(s peren1anaan pa+a pas"en Tn,N$a"t( Ren1ana Tn,Nsen+"r". +en!an 'er('(s%an t(0(an $an! sa#"n! 'en!(nt(n!%an a"% pas"en 'a(p(n perawat se&"n!!a ter0a+" pen"n!%atan per"#a%( Tn,N%eara& $an! #e "& a"%, A+ap(n
t(0(ann$a $an! +"&arap%an +a#a' 'e' er"%an as(&an %eperawatan pa+a Tn,N$a"t( 'a'p( 'en)#)n! +"r"n$a 'e'e#"&ara per*(s" )t)t 0ant(n! se1ara
3;
a+e%(at. pas"en 'a'p( 'en)#)n! +"r"n$a (nt(% 'en!atas" rasa n$er". serta 'a'p( 'e#a%(%an pe'en(&an a%t"4"tas tanpa &ar(s 'e' erat%an %er0a 0ant(n!, 1, I'p#e'entas" F)%(s "'p#e'entas" a+a#a& e*e%t"*as t"n+a%an (nt(% 'enan!!(#an!" $an! s"*atn$a 'en+esa%. ter+"r" +ar" t"n+a%anDt"n+a%an )t)'at"s sepert" 'e#a%sana%an t"n+a%an pen!) atan atas "nstr(%s" 'e+"s +an +an t"n+a%an teren1ana teren1ana $an! +"an!!ap se a!a" peran perawat pr)*es")na# ses(n!!(&n$a, A+ap(n "'p#e'entas" %eperawatan $an! per#( +"#a%(%an pa+a Tn,N$a"t( 3 =, Me' ant( pas"en +a#a' 'en)#)n! +"r"n$a (nt(% 'e'e#"&ara per*(s" 0ar"n!an )t)t 0ant(n! a, Me' er"%an n"tr)!#"ser"n ses(a" pr)!ra' t&erap" , Me' er"%an asp"r"n ses(a" pr)!ra' t&erap" 1, Me'pers"ap%an %#"en (nt(% t&erap" tr)' )#"t"% ses(a" pr)!ra' +, Me'pers"ap%an pas"en (nt(% pe#a%sanaan -T@A ses(a" pr)!ra' terap" e, Men1"pta%an #"n!%(n!an $an! tenan! +an n$a'an *, Me' er"%an ')t"4as" pa+a pas"en (nt(% e+ rest sa'pa" %)n+"s" a%(t teratas" +an %ea+aan sta "# !, Me#a%(%an ) ser4as" tan+aDtan+a 4"ta# set"ap 37 'en"t ata( ses(" "n+"%as" &, Me#a%(%an ) ser4as" tan+aDtan+a a+an$a pen(r(nan %ar+"a% )(tp(t, ", Me#a%(%an pe'er"%saan EKG se1ara r(t"n,
32
6, Me' ant( pas"en (nt(% 'en)#)n! +"r"n$a +a#a' 'en!atas" rasa n$er", a, Me' er"%an ) at ant" n$er"3 ')r*"n ses(a" +en!an pr)!ra' terap" , Me' er"%an O%s"!en 'e#a#(" nasa# 1an(# ; #"ter B 'en"t ses(a" pr)!ra' terap" 1, Men1"pta%an #"n!%(n!an $an! tenan! +an n$a'an +, Me' er"%an ')t"4as" pa+a pas"en (nt(% bed rest sa'pa" %)n+"s" a%(t teratas" +an %ea+aan sta "# e, Me' er"%an p)s"s" pas"en se#i !o(ler *, Me#a%(%an ) ser4as" tan+aDtan+a 4"ta# set"ap 37 'en"t ata( ses(a" %e (t(&an !, O ser4as" per%e' an!an n$er" 3 %&ara%re"st"%. %wa#"tas +an %want"tasn$a &, Me#a%(%an t"n+a%an re#a%sas" +en!an 'enar"% na*as +a#a' +an %e#(ar%an na*as se1ara per#a&an 3, Me' ant( pas"en (nt(% 'en)#)n! +"r"n$a +a#a' pe'en(&an a%t"4"tas se&ar"D &ar" a, Me' er"%an pen+"+"%an %ese&atan pa+a pas"en (nt(% 'en!&"n+ar" 'en!e0an %et"%a +e*e%as"BBAB , Me#a%(%an ) ser4as" tan+aDtan+a 4"ta# se e#('. se#a'a +an ses(+a& 'e#a%(%an a%t"4"tas 1, Me' ant( pas"en +a#a' pe'en(&an %e (t(&an se&ar"D&ar"? n(tr"s". pers)na# &$!"ene. e#"'"nas", +, Me#a%(%an ') "#"sas" *"s"% sete#a& %)n+"s" sta "# 3<
3,
E4a#(as" -a+a *ase t"n+a%an pr)ses +"s"p#"n 'er(pa%an &a# $an! t"+a% +apat
+"p"sa&%an, T"n+a%anD t"n+a%an $an! teren1ana. sete#a& t"+a%an #en!%ap +"#a%sana%an. perawat &ar(s 'en!e4a#(as" %e er&as"#ann$a, E4a#(as" as(&an %eperawatan pa+a t(an J +"*)%(s%an ter&a+ap per( a&an per"#a%( ter&a+ap %e'a'p(an 'en)#)n! +"r"n$a (nt(% 'en!atas" %et"+a%'a'p(ann$a, E4a#(as" +"#a%(%an sete#a& t"n+a%an %eperawatan +"#a%sana%an, A+ap(n &as"# $an! +"&arap%an a+a#a&3 a, -er*(s" 0ar"n!an pa+a )t)t 0ant(n! 'en"n!%at ata( a+e%(at. +"tan+a" +en!an tan+aDtan+a 4"ta#3 te%anan +ara&. na+" +an perna*asan +a#a' atas n)r'a#. &as"# pe'er"%saan EKG n)r'a#, N$er" +a+a t"+a% a+a, , N$er" er%(ran! ata( t"+a% a+a. +"tan+a" +en!an3 pas"en 'en!ata%an n$er" er%(ran! ata( t"+a% a+a. pas"en re#a%s, Tan+aDtan+a 4"ta# +a#a' atas n)r'a#, 1, -as"en 'a'p( 'e#a%(%an a%t"4"tas se&ar"D&ar" 3 t"+a% a+a %e#(&an n$er" +a+a. sesa% na*as ata( pa#p"tas" saat 'e#a%(%an a%t"4"tas. te%anan +ara&. na+". resp"ras" +a#a' atas n)r'a# se e#('. se#a'a +an sete#a& 'e#a%(%an
a%t"4"tas, -as"en 'a'p( 'e#a%(%an a%t"4"tas sen+"r" +a#a' pe'en(&an %e (t(&an se&ar"D&ar"3 'a%an. pers)na# &"!"ene +an e#"'"nas" se1ara 'an+"r", Den!an 'e#"&at ap#"%as" +"s"p#"n pr)ses %eperawatan pa+a %as(s Tn,N$an! 'en!a#a'" !an!!(an s"ste' %ar+")4as%(#ar er&( (n!an +en!an s"n+r)'a a%(t
%)r)ner n)n ST e#e4as". pen(#"s 'en1) a (nt(% 'e' a&as pe#a%sanaan ap#"%as" te)r" terse (t +en!an 'e' an+"n!%an +en!an pr)ses %eperawatan, -a+a %e+(a pr)ses 38
terse (t. pa+a
a!"an tertent( se1ara %ese#(r(&an sa'a, M"sa#n$a %e+(an$a
'er(pa%an &( (n!an "nterpers)na# +an 'e' (t(&%an "ntera%s" antara pas"en +an perawat, -as"en se a!a" "np(t +a#a' %ese#(r(&an pr)ses, Ke+(a pr)ses
'en!!a' ar%an pas"en se a!a" t)ta# pers)n, T"+a% se#a#( tentan! pen$a%"t ata( a!"an t( (&, Ke+(a pr)ses 0(!a 'en!!(na%an 'et)+e t"n+a%an %eperawatan +an 'en!e4a#(as" t"n+a%an terse (t, Fase pen!%a0"an pa+a pr)ses %eperawatan ses(a" +en!an er a!" pa+a rea%s" perawat +en!an per"#a%( pas"en +a#an +"s"p#"n pr)ses %eperawatan )r#an+), -er"#a%( pas"en 'en!awa#" pen!%a0"an, -er"#a%( $an! +"%a0" a+a#a& per"#a%( 4er a# $an! +"%ata%an )#e& pas"en $a"t( r"wa$at %ese&atan se%aran! 'e#"p(t" %e#(&an (ta'a. a!a"'ana %e#(&an "t( +"rasa%an. a!a"'ana s"*at +an %wa#"tas %e#(&an terse (t, Apa *a%t)r pen1et(sn$a, Dan *a%t)r res"%) ter&a+ap ter0a+"n$a !an!!(an %ese&atan, Se+an!%an per"#a%( n)n 4er a# $an! per#( +"%eta&(" )#e& perawat a+a#a& tan+aDtan+a +ar" !an!!(an *(n!s" t( (& se a!a" resp)n pas"en ter&a+ap t"+a% terpen(&"n$a %e (t(&an $an! 'e' (t(&%an pert)#)n!an perawat. sepert" per( a&an tan+aDtan+a 4"ta#. %e#(ar %er"n!at $an! er#e "&an. %et"+a%n)r'a#an *(n!s" t( (& sepert" $an! +"t(n0(%an )#e& &as"# pe'er"%saan pen(n0an! EKG. pe'er"%saan en/"' r)p)n"n +an #a"n se a!a"n$a, Ber a!a" rea%s" perawat +a#a' +"s"p#"n n(rs"n! pr)ses a+a#a& %)'p)nen $an! sa'a +en!an ana#"s"s pa+a pr)ses %eperawatan, Wa#a(p(n rea%s" perawat a+a#a& )t)'at"s, Ha# "n" se+"%"t er e+a +en!an ana#"sa +ata pa+a pr)ses %eperawatan
+"'ana se)ran! perawat (nt(% 'a'p( 'e#a%(%an ana#"sa +ata per#( 'en!!(na%an 3C
+asar te)r" %eperawatan +an 'en!!(na%an pr"ns"p +ar" pen!eta&(an *"s"% +an per"#a%( +an "t( &ar(s enarD enar 'en0a+" +asar +a#a' 'en!ana#"sa er a!a" tan+a +an !e0a#a $an! +"rasa%an ata( +"te'(%an pa+a pas"en, Fase peren1anaan pa+a pr)ses %eperawatan. ses(a" +en!an *ase n(rs"n! a1t")n pa+a +"s"p#"n pr)ses %eperawatan, T(0(ann$a a+a#a& se#a#( 'en!(ran!" a%an %e (t(&an pas"en ter&a+ap ant(an, T(0(annn$a er&( (n!an +en!an pen"n!%atan per"#a%( pas"en, T(0(an $an! +"r('(s%an pa+a te)r" Or#an+a 'en(r(t pen(#"s 'as"& ter#a#( ('(' $a"t( *)%(s%an pa+a per( a&an per"#a%( +a#a' 'en)#)n! (nt(%
'e'en(&" %e (t(&an +"r"n$a se&"n!!a %e'(n!%"nan %e er&as"#ann$a s(#"t (nt(% +"(%(r ter(ta'a ter&a+ap 'asa#a& $an! &an$a +"%eta&(" )#e& perawat tetap" t"+a% +"sa+ar" )#e& pas"en, Sepert" pa+a 1)nt)& %as(s Tn,N$a"t( 'asa#a& pen(r(nan per*(s" 0ar"n!an pa+a )t)t 0ant(n!, I'p#e'entas" 'e#"p(t" se#e%s" a%&"r +an pe#a%sanaan +ar" t"n+a%an %eperawatan +an "n" 0(!a 'er(pa%an a!"an +ar" *ase t"n+a%an %eperawatan pa+a pr)ses +"s"p#"n Or#an+), Ke+(a pr)ses 'e'er"nta&%an a&wa t"n+a%an &ar(s ses(a" a!" pas"en se a!a" "n+"4"+( $an! (n"%, -a+a Te)r" )r#an+) t"n+a%an %eperawatan a+a +(a 'a1a' $a"t( t"n+a%an )t)'at"s $an! s"*atn$a se!era +an teren1ana, Ke+(an$a t"+a%an terse (t #e "& +"ara&%an ter&a+ap penan!!(#an!an 'asa#a& %perawatan $an! ers"*at se!era +an 'en!a1a' %e&"+(pan pas"en +an %(ran! 'e'per&at"%an t"n+a%anDt"n+a%an $an! ers"*at pr)')t"* ata( pre4ent"* $an! se enarn$a t"+a%an
pre4ent"* sepert" 3 pen1e!a&an seran!an (#an! +an 'en!&"n+ar" *a%t)r res"%) a+a#a& pent"n! a!" pas"en $an! 'en+er"ta pen$a%"t 0ant(n! sepert" $an! +"a#a'" Tn, J, 3>
E4a#(as". pa+a *ase t"n+a%an pr)ses +"s"p#"n 'er(pa%an &a# $an! t"+a% +apat +"p"sa&%an, T"n+a%anD t"n+a%an $an! teren1ana. sete#a& t"+a%an #en!%ap
+"#a%sana%an. perawat &ar(s 'en!e4a#(as" %e er&as"#ann$a, E4a#(as" pa+a te)r" Or#an+) s(+a& 1(%(p a"%. $an! 'ana e4a#(as" se#a#( +"#a%(%an sete#a& set"ap
t"n+a%an %eperawatan +"#a%(%an se1ara #en!%ap,
;7
BAB IV PEMBAHASAN
Te)r" %eperawatan Or#an+) 'ene%an%an a+a &( (n!an t"' a# a#"% antara pas"en +an perawat. apa $an! 'ere%a %ata%an +an %er0a%an a%an sa#"n! 'e'pen!ar(&", Or#an+) 'en"t"% erat%an *(n!s" pr)*es")na# %eperawatan pa+a pr)ses 'en1ar". 'ene'(%an. +an 'e'en(&" %e (t(&an se!era pas"en 5i##ediate needs), :a+" perawat ar( +apat 'e#a%sana%an *(n!s" %eperawatan $an! se enarn$a %et"%a +"a te#a& 'e'en(&" %e (t(&an se!era pas"en, Ket"%a *(n!s" %eperawatan te#a& er0a#an se a!a"'ana 'est"n$a. 'a%a +a'pa%n$a a%an ter0a+" per( a&anBper a"%an per"#a%( pas"en, -er( a&an per"#a%( pas"en "n" +apat +""+ent"*"%as" se a!a" pen(r(nan +"stres pas"en se#a'a +" r('a& sa%"t %arena %e (t(&ann$a te#a& terpen(&", Ber+asar%an te)r"n$a. Or#an+) 'en$ata%an a&wa sese)ran! +"se (t se a!a" pas"en %et"%a )ran! terse (t t"+a% +apat 'e'en(&" %e (t(&ann$a se1ara "n+epen+en +"%arena%an %eter atasan *"s"%. rea%s" ne!at"* #"n!%(n!an. ata(p(n %eter atasan %)'(n"%as", -as"en a%an 'erasa +"stres ata( 'erasa ta% er+a$a apa "#a
%e (t(&ann$a t"+a% terpen(&", Or#an+) 'en$ata%an a&wa a+a %)re#as" $an! %(at antara +era0at +"stres +en!an 0an!%a wa%t( t"+a% terpen(&"n$a %e (t(&an pas"en, O#e& %arena "t(. Or#an+) 'ene%an%an pent"n!n$a pr)ses %eperawatan $an! ers"*at +e#" erat"4e a!ar perawat +apat 'en(n0(%%an *(n!s" pr)*es")na#n$a, A+an$a er a!a" %eter atasan 5*"s"%. #"n!%(n!an. serta %)'(n"%as"9 'en0a+"%an pas"en 'e' (t(&%an ant(an perawat +a#a' 'e'en(&" %e (t(&ann$a, Na'(n. per#( ;=
+"per&at"%an
a&wa perawat &ar(s
enarD enar tepat +a#a' 'en!"+ent"*"%as"
%e (t(&an pas"en $an! a%t(a#. $a"t( &ar(s 'e#a#(" pr)ses %)'(n"%as"De%sp#)ras", Se#an0(tn$a perawat +apat 'enent(%an +an 'e#a%sana%an t"n+a%an %eperawatan $an! tepat (nt(% 'e'en(&" %e (t(&an terse (t. +en!an 'e'pr")r"tas%an t"n+a%an (nt(% 'asa#a&B%e (t(&an $an! ers"*at se!era 5i##ediate needs9, -a+a a%&"r pr)ses %eperawatan. Or#an+) 'ene%an%an pent"n!n$a e4a#(as" ata( 4a#"+as" (nt(% 'en!eta&(" %ee*e%t"*an t"n+a%an %eperawatan 5deliberative nursing)*
;6
BAB V KESIMPULAN
-r)ses %eperawatan +an pr)ses +"s"p#"n Or#an+) %e+(an$a 'en!!a' ar%an ran!%a"an ta&apan, Set"ap ta&apan sa'aDsa'a t"+a% terp"sa&, -a+a pr)ses +"s"p#"n Or#an+) &a'p"r se1ara er%es"na' (n!an sa#"n! 'e'pen!ar(&" +"'ana per"#a%(
pas"en 'en0a+" t(0(an rea%s" perawat. 'en!ara&%an per"#a%( perawat. 'en!ara&%an rea%s" pas"en, Ke+(a pr)ses terse (t 'er(pa%an pr)ses +"na'"s +an resp)ns"* ter&a+ap per( a&an %)n+"s" pas"en, -r)ses %eperawatan +an pr)ses +"s"p"n Or#an+) 'e'p(n$a" an$a%
persa'aan, -r)ses %eperawatan pan0an! +an #e "& *)r'a# +an *asen$a #e "& 'en+eta"# +" an+"n!%an pr)ses +"s"p#"n Or#an+), Dan 'e' (t(&%an perawat (nt(%
'en!!(na%an pen!eta&(an +an pr"ns"p %e"#'(an +an te)r" %eperawatan, Or#an+) &an$a 'e' (t(&%an tetap%an, a&wa perawat &ar(s 'en!"%(t" pr"ns"pDpr"ns"p $an! "a
;3
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Y)'e$. Ann Marr"ner. an+ A##"!))+. Mart&a Ra"#e, 677<, Nursing Theorists and Their 3or1* 4th edition, M)s $ E#se4"er, D)en!)es. M, E, 567769, Nursing care plane+ Guidelines !or planning 5 docu#enting patient care' 6rd edition. FA, Da4"s, Ge)r!e, 5=>>29, Nursing Theories -The "ase !or Pro!esional Nursing Practice) . F)(rt& E+"t")n, USA 3 App#et)n K Lan!e, H"+a$at AA, 5677;9, Pengantar 1onsep dasar 1epera(atan, :a%arta3 Sa#e' a Me+"%a N(rsa#a', 5677=9, Proses dan $o1u#entasi Kepera(atan + Konsep dan Pra1ti1* :a%arta 3 Sa#e' a --NI 567779 Stan+ar -ra%t"% Keperawatan, :a%arta 3 --NI, T)'e$ Ann Marr"ner. A##"!))+ M,R,5677<9, Nursing Theorists and Their (or1, < E+, USA 3 M)s $ In1, &ttp3BBwww,san+"e!),e+(Ba1a'"1sBn(rs"n!Bt&e)r$BOr#an+)
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