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Nicholas Roerich, also known as Nikolai Konstantinovich Rerikh (Russian: ??????´? ?????????´????? ?é???; October 9 [O.S. September 27] 1874 December 13, 1947), was a Russian mystic, painter, philosopher, scientist, writer, traveler, and public fi gure.[1] A prolific artist, he created thousands of paintings (many of them are exhibited in well-known museums of the world) and about 30 literary works. Roeri ch was an author and initiator of an international pact for the protection of ar tistic and academic institutions and historical sites (Roerich s Pact) and a found er of an international movement for the defence of culture. Roerich earned sever al nominations for the Nobel Prize. Contents [hide] 1 Biography 1.1 Early life 1.2 Cultural and enlightener activities in Europe and America 1.3 Central-Asian Expedition 1.4 Institute of Himalayan Studies Urusvati 1.5 Manchurian expedition 1.6 Roerich s Pact and Banner of Peace 1.7 Second World War. Service to Russia 1.8 Last years 2 International Centre of the Roerichs 3 World recognition 3.1 Awards 3.2 List of institutions in which N. Roerich was a member 3.3 Minor planet Roerich 3.4 Peak named after Roerich at Altai 3.5 Famous people about Roerich 4 Main works of Roerich 5 Monuments and dedications 5.1 Postage stamps containing images of Roerich and his creativity 5.2 Peak of International Centre-Museum named after Roerich at Altai 6 Dialogue and video recording with Roerich 7 Sources 8 See also 9 External links 10 References [edit] Biography [edit] Early life Roerich in translation from the ancient Scandinavian means rich of fame (Rö Rich).[2 ] Members of Roerich s family occupied prominent military and administrative posts in Russia since the reign of Peter I.[3] Nicholas Roerich s father Konstantin Fed orovich was a well-known notary who was born in Courland. N. Roerich s mother Mari a Vasil evna Kalashnikova was descended from a long line of merchants and traders. Among friends of the Roerich s family were such famous personalities as D. Mendel eyev, N. Kostomarov, M. Mikeshin, L. Ivanovsky et al. Guests from Overseas, 1901 (Varangians in Russia) Nicholas Konstantinovich Roerich was born in St. Petersburg, Russia, on October 9, 1874, the first-born son of lawyer and notary, Konstantin Roerich and his wif e Maria. From childhood Nicholas Roerich was attracted to painting, archaeology, history and the abundant cultural heritage of the East.[4] When he was nine, a noted archeologist came to conduct explorations in the region and took young Roe rich on his excavations of the local tumuli. The adventure of unveiling the myst eries of forgotten eras with his own hands sparked an interest in archeology tha t would last his lifetime.[5] His father did not want him to pursue painting as a career, but rather to study law. He made a compromise, and after finishing his studies in 1893, Roerich simultaneously entered the Saint-Petersburg University

(he graduated in 1898) and the Emperor s Academy of Arts. From 1895, he studied i n the studio of the famous Russian landscape painter Arkhip Kuindzhi. At that ti me, he closely communicated with various well-known artists, writers and musicia ns V. Stassov, I. Repin, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, D. Grigorovich, S. Diaghilev. Durin g his student years in Saint Petersburg Roerich had already become a member of t he Russian archeological society. He had conducted numerous excavations in St. P etersburg, Pskov, Novgorod, Tver, Yaroslavl and Smolensk provinces. From 1904, t ogether with Prince Putyatin, he recovered several Neolithic sites at Valdai (ne ar Pyros lake). Roerich s Neolithic findings excited real sensation in Russia and West Europe.[6] In 1897, Roerich graduated Petersburg Academy of Arts. His graduation painting T he messenger was purchased by famous collector of Russian art P. M. Tretyakov. V . V. Stassov, well-known critic of that time, highly appreciated this painting: Y ou certainly must visit Tolstoy let the great writer of Russian land himself pro moted you in painters .[7] Meeting with Leo Tolstoy determined the way of young Ro erich.[8] Leo Tolstoy said to him: Have you an occasion to pass the fast river on boat? It is necessary always to drive upstream of that place where you need or river carries away you. Then in the field of moral requirements one must to driv e always higher so the life all the same carries away. Let your messenger keeps the rudder very high then he sailed! .[8] «The messenger (Tribe has risen against tribe)». 1897 Words of St. John of Kronstadt who often visited the house of Roerich s family als o became spiritual wishes Roerich: Don t be ailing! You will work much for the Moth erland .[9] Roerich worked much in the genre of historical painting. In early period he crea ted the following canvases: Elders coming together (1898), Lamentations of Yaroslav s daughter (1893), Beginning of the Russia. The Slavs (1896), Idols (1901), Building of boats et al. Roerich s original talent and pioneer search in the art were manifest ed in these paintings. Distinctive Roerich s style became already clear in the earl iest paintings. It consists in Roerich s broad approach to composition, clarity of lines, laconism, color purity, musicality, great simplicity of expression and t ruthfulness.[10] His paintings were built on deep knowledge of historical materi al; they reproduce the feeling of spirit of the times and were rich for philosop hical content.[11] At the age of 24, Roerich became an assistant Director of the Emperor s Art Encour agement Society Museum and, at the same time, editor assistant of the art magazi ne Isskustvo i khudozhestvennaya promishlennost (The Art and Art Industry). Thre e years later he occupied the position of secretary of Emperor s Art Encouragement Society. In 1899, he met Helena Ivanovna Shaposhnikova. In October, 1901 their wedding to ok place. Helena Ivanovna became a true partner in life and inspirer for Nichola s Roerich. They would pass hand in hand throughout their whole lives, supplement ing each other creatively and spiritually. In 1902, their son George was born, a future scientist and orientalist, and in 1904 Svetoslav, a future painter and p ublic figure. In 1903 1904, Roerich together with his wife made a trip around old cities of Russ ia. They visited more than 40 cities famous for their ancient monuments. The aim of this trip over the ancient times was study of the roots of the Russian culture . The trip result was not only a large series of the artist s paintings (near 90 s ketches), but also Roerich s articles, in which he was one of the first to raise t he issue of a great artistic value of old Russian icon painting and architecture . «The Vernicle and Saint Princes». The mosaic for Roerich s sketches. The Trinity churc h. The Pochaev lavra, Ternopol region, Ukraine.

Roerich as painter worked in the field of easel, monumental painting (frescoes, mosaics) and also theatrical-decorative one. In 1906, he created 12 sketches for the church in Golubev s estate Parkhomovka near Kiev, sketches for Pochaev lavra mosaic (1910), 4 sketches for wall paintings of a chapel in Pskov (1913), 12 pic tures for Livshiz s villa in Nice (1914). In 1914, he designed a Holy Spirit churc h in Talashkino (composition Heavenly Queen et al.).

Roerich s multi-faceted talent brightly showed itself in his works for theatre pro ductions: Snow Maiden , Per Gynt , Princess Malen , Valkyrie and others. During Sergey D hilev s famous Russian Seasons , Roerich did the designs for Polovets Dances from Borod in s Prince Igor , Pskovityanka by Rimsky-Korsakov, and the ballet Sacred Spring , better known as Rite of Spring, to Stravinsky s music. Epoch of Silver Age where Roerich began his creative development was the epoch o f spiritual rise and that undoubtedly affects on formation of artist s person. Gal axy of outstanding thinkers such as V. S. Solovyov, E. N. Trubetskoi, V.V. Rozan ov, P. A. Florensky, S. N.Bulgakov, N. A. Berdyayev et al. brought in Russian cu lture a deep philosophical thought and saturated it with intensive search of pur port of life and morale ideals. East culture was of special interest for Russian intellectuals.[12] In search of universal values Roerich besides of Russian phi losophy studied also Eastern philosophy, works of outstanding Indian thinkers Ra makrishna and Vivekananda, and the works of Rabindranath Tagore. Acquaintance with the Oriental philosophic thought got reflection in Roerich s cre ative work. While the core subjects of the artist s earlier paintings were ancient pagan Russia, colorful images of the folk epos ( They Build a City , Ominous , Guests f rom overseas , etc.), starting already from the middle of the 1905, many of his ca nvases and literary pieces were devoted to India ( Lakshmi , Indian path , Krishna , India n dreams etc.). Roerich as painter and scientist was interested in ancient cultur es of Russia and India and their common origin. A correlation between temporal c ategories of past, present and future was of great importance for his historical concept. Roerich measured the past and the present by the future: when we call f or study of the past, then will do it only for the sake of future .[13] Let s put the steps of future from ancient wonderful stones .[14] From 1906 to 1918, Roerich was a Director of the School of Emperor s Art Encourage ment Society and at the same time he was busy with teaching. From this time the artist was a permanent participant of foreign exhibitions. Paris, Venice, Berlin , Roma, Brussels, Vienna saw his paintings. They were purchased by Roman Nationa l Museum, Louvre and other European museums. From 1906, in Roerich s creativity begun new more mature period. Roerich changed a n approach to historical theme. History, mythology, folklore were turned into so urces, from which the artist got the material for metaphoric graphic language.[1 5] Realism and symbolism were combined in his art. In this period, Roerich inten sified a search in the field of color. He almost abandoned the oil and passed to temper method. He experimented many with paints composition, used a method of s uperposition of one color on another. Originality of Roerich s art was mentioned b y artistic critique. From 1907 to 1918, nine monographs and several tens of arti stic magazines devoted to Roerich s art were published in Russia and Europe.[16] L eonid Andreyev figuratively named a world, created by the artist, as Roerich s Empi re .[17] In 1909, Roerich was elected as Academician of Russian Academy of Arts and a mem ber of Rheims Academy in France. From 1910, he became the head of artistic association World of Art , in which were A. Benois, L. Bakst, I. Grabar, V. Serov, K. Petrov-Vodkin, B. Kustodiev, A. Ost roumova-Lebedeva, Z. Serebryakova et al.

«The last Angel». 1912

Greatest intuitionist of the century , according to expression of A.M. Gorky, Roeri ch expressed his forebodings on the eve of the First World War in symbolic image s: Fairest City is the enemies vexation , The Last Angel , Glow , Human works et al. Th aintings demonstrate both a theme of struggle between two sides Light and Darkne ss, which runs through the whole Roerich s art, and human s responsibility for its o wn destiny and the whole of world. Roerich not only created the paintings of ant i-war orientation, but also written the articles devoted to protection of peace and culture.[18] In 1915, Roerich made a report to Emperor Nikolai II and Grand Prince Nikolai Ni kolayevich (Younger) containing a call to take serious measures for national pro tection of cultural treasures. In 1916, because of serious illness of lungs, fol lowing the doctor s insistence Roerich together with his family moved to Sortavala , Finland on the shore of Lake Ladoga. Proximity to St. Petersburg allowed him t o take part in the work of School of Emperor s Art Encouragement Society. On March 4, 1917, after a month of the February revolution, M. Gorky called in h is apartment a group of painters, writers and actors, including Roerich, A. Beno is, Bilibin, Dobuzhinskii, Petrov-Vodkin, Schuko, and Shalyapin. On the meeting they elected a Committee for arts affairs. Gorky was elected as a head of this C ommittee and Benois and Roerich were elected as assistants of the head. The Comm ittee examined the questions of art development in Russia and protection of old relics and monuments. [edit] Cultural and enlightener activities in Europe and America Song of Shambhala. Thang La. 1943 After revolution events in 1917 Finland had closed a border with Russia and Roer ich with his family turned out isolated from Motherland. In 1919, having received an invitation from Sweden, Roerich traveled with exhibi tions around Scandinavian countries, and in autumn of the same year, on Diaghile v s invitation, he designed Russian operas to the music of M. Mussorgsky and A. Bo rodin in London.

In 1920, Roerich got an invitation from the Director of the Chicago Institute of Arts to organize a big exhibition tour around 30 cities of the United States. A mong 115 his paintings the following were exhibited: Angel s treasure (1905), The las t angel (1912), Viking s daughter (1917), Call of the sun (1918), Ecstasy (1917), seri eroism and Dreams of the East et al. The exhibitions were a great success. In Ameri ca, Roerich created the following series: Sancta , New Mexico , Ocean s suite , Dreams of isdom et al. In America he had found the cultural and enlightener organizations, which became a great cultural centers and consolidated around them many prominent art figure s. On November, 1921, the Master Institute of United Arts was opened in New York . Its main purpose was to bring peoples together through culture and art. Almost at the same time, artists association Cor Ardens ( Blazing Hearts ) was establi shed in Chicago, and in 1922, the International Cultural Center Corona Mundi ( Crown of the World ) appeared. On November, 1923, Nicholas Roerich Museum in New York w as opened. It contained a rich collection of the artist s paintings. [edit] Central-Asian Expedition Roerich s family. (Kullu valley, India) For many years, Vice President of the United States Henry A. Wallace had been cl osely associated with Roerich. According to Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., "Wallace's search for inner light took him to strange prophets.... It was in this search th at he encountered Nicholas Roerich, a Russian emigre, painter, theosophist. Wall

ace did Roerich a number of favors, including sending him on an expedition to Ce ntral Asia presumably to collect drought-resistant grasses. In due course, H.A. [Wallace] became disillusioned with Roerich and turned almost viciously against him." A more traditional version is that sale of the paintings, fees for theatric perf ormances, publication of numerous articles, gain from activity of American cultu ral and enlightener organizations gave Roerich a possibility to accomplish a sci entific expedition in Central Asia. On December 2, 1923, Roerich and his family arrived in India, which attracted the attention of Roerich not only as a painter , but as a scientist interested in a number of questions related to ancient peop les world migrations, and the search for a common source of Slavic and Indian cul tures. From here a path of the expedition in hard-to-reach areas of Central Asia was begun. Later Roerich wrote: Besides artistic tasks of our expedition we have intended to clarify a situation with relics of the past of Central Asia, to obs erve modern state of religion, customs, and to register the traces of great migr ation of peoples. This last task was always close to me. The expedition s extremely difficult itinerary ran through Sikkim, Kashmir, Ladakh, China (Sintzian), Russ ia (including Moscow), Siberia, Altai, Mongolia, Tibet, and unstudied areas of t he Trans Himalayas. The expedition was continued from 1924 to 1928. Having reali zed Przewalski and Kozlov s dream, Roerich s expedition became a triumph of Russian studies in Central Asia. In terms of its itinerary's uniqueness and collected ma terials, it can justly claim a special place among major expeditions of the 20th century.[19][20] Archeological and ethnographical investigations in unexplored Asian areas were c onducted. For the first time, dozens of new mountain peaks and passes were marke d on maps, rarest manuscripts were found, richest linguistic materials and folkl oric works were collected, descriptions of local customs were made. During the e xpedition the books Heart of Asia and Altai-Himalayas were written, about five hundr ed paintings were created, on which the artist portrayed a panorama of the exped ition's itinerary, a famous painting series Himalayas was begun, the series Maytrey a , Sikkim s Path , His country , The Teaches of the East et al.[21][22] [edit] Institute of Himalayan Studies Urusvati Institute of Himalayan studies Urusvati Extensive scientific material, which had been collected by Roerich during the ex pedition, required systematization and treatment. After the expedition ended in July 1928, Roerich founded the Urusvati Institute of Himalayan Studies, in the Wes tern Himalayas, Kullu Valley. "Urusvati" means, in translation from Sanskrit, Lig ht of the Morning Star . In this place, Kullu valley, Roerich lived the last perio d of his life. George Roerich, the elder son of Nicholas, became the director of the Institute. He directed ethnological and linguistic researches and also the reconnaissance for archeological monuments. In the Institute there were medical, zoological, botanical, biochemical and many other laboratories. Large work was conducted in the field of linguistics and Eastern philology. Rarest written sour ces of centuries-old remoteness were collected and translated into European lang uages; half-forgotten dialects were studied. Visiting specialists and acting wor kers collected botanical and zoological collections. Tens of scientific institutions from Asia, Europe and America collaborated with the Urusvati Institute. Scientific materials from Kullu arrived at the University of Michigan, New York s Botanical Garden, University of Punjab, Paris Museum of na tural history, Harvard University in Cambridge, and the botanical garden of USSR Academy of Sciences. Famous Soviet botanist and geneticist academician Nikolai Vavilov appealed to the Urusvati Institute for scientific information and received from thence the seeds for his outstanding botanical collection. Famous scholars , such as Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, Robert A. Millikan, Sven Hedin, et al., also collaborated with the Institute.[19][23] [edit] Manchurian expedition

In 1934 1935, Roerich conducted an expedition in Inner Mongolia, Manchuria and Chi na, organized by US Department of Agriculture. The expedition's purpose was to c ollect seeds of plants which prevent the destruction of benign layers of soil. I n foresight of the threat of ecological disaster, Roerich in that year wrote: "Owing to ignorant and uncontrolled felling of forests and vegetation on the who le the deserts are being extended to an ominous size. It is terrible to see more and more stretches of protective and useful ground surface viewed as a diminuti on of the landscape . The expedition consisted of two parts. The first itinerary included Khingan moun tain ridge and Bargin plateau (1934); the second encompassed the Gobi desert, Or dos and Alashan (1935). These expeditions passed through a territory of Inner Mo ngolia located in northern and northeastern parts of modern-day China. As a resu lt of the expedition, nearly 300 species of xerophytes were found, herbs were co llected, archeological studies were conducted, and antique manuscripts of great scientific importance were found.[citation needed] [edit] Roerich s Pact and Banner of Peace Signing of the Roerich s Pact, 1935 (in the centre: Franklin Delano Roosevelt) In his philosophic and artistic essays, Roerich created an absolutely new concep t of culture based on the ideas of the Living Ethics. Culture, in Roerich s opinio n, is closely related to the problems of cosmic evolution of mankind and is a gre atest foundation for this process. He wrote: Culture is based on Beauty and Knowle dge .[24] And he repeated well-known Dostoevsky s phrase with a little remark: Awaren ess of Beauty saves the world . The beauty becomes known to people through Culture only, and its integral part is creation. Books of Living Ethics created at clos est participation of Roerich's, also say about this. Helena Ivanovna wrote and N ikolas Konstantinovich represented the ideas of Living Ethics in artistic images . Roerich included in the broad notion of Culture a synthesis of the best achievem ents of human spirit in the sphere of religious experience, science, art, educat ion. Roerich formulated the principal difference between Culture and civilizatio n. While Culture relates to the spiritual world of man in his creative self-expr ession, civilization is just external arrangement of human life in all its mater ial, civil aspects. Identification of civilization and Culture, Roerich argued, leads to confusion between these two notions, to underestimation of the spiritua l factor in the development of humanity. Wealth in itself does not generate Cultu re. But broadened and subtler thinking and the sense of Beauty produce that subt lety, that nobility of spirit which are distinctive for a cultured person. It is this kind of person that can build the future of light for its country . Proceedi ng from this, the mankind must not only develop Culture, but is also obliged to protect it. In 1929, Roerich in collaboration with doctor of international law from Paris Un iversity G.G. Chklaver prepared a draft of an agreement dedicated to protection of cultural values (Roerich s Pact). Coupled with the Pact Roerich proposed a dist inctive sign for identification of protected objects Banner of Peace which was a white cloth containing a red ring and three red circles inscribed in it. The si gn symbolized a unity of the past, present and future into the ring of eternity. In 1929, Roerich was nominated for the Nobel Prize for his international cultur al activity and Pact initiation.[25] Let us cite a following quotation from appe al of committee for nomination of Nobel price candidates: From 1890, N. Roerich in his books, lectures, studies, paints and many f ields, in which his prominent person was manifested, actively explained a doctri ne of international brotherhood. His advocacy of peace was accepted in more than 21 countries, and different cultural events, in which professor Roerich was inv ited to take part, indicated about its acceptance and influence.

Paintings of one of the greatest painters in the history reproduce the great bea uty and spiritual light symbolized his doctrine. < > We firmly believe that final and stable international peace is achieved only by enlightenment of the people and by permanent and impressive promotion of the bro therhood created by the culture, poetry and beauty in all fields of life. Roeric h s works over a period of last thirty years are the great call to whole world: to love people each other.[25]

In 1930, text of draft agreement with accompanying Roerich s appeal to governments and peoples of all countries was published in press and distributed in governme nt, scientific, artistic and educational institutions of the whole world.[26] As a result, the committees supporting the Pact were established in many countries . The draft pact was approved by Committee for museum affairs at League of Natio ns and also by Pan-American Union.[27] The first and second paragraphs of the Pact run as follows: The historic Monuments, educational, artistic and scientific Institutions , artistic and scientific Missions, the personnel, the property and collections of such Institutions and Missions above mentioned shall be deemed neutral and, a s such, shall be protected and respected by belligerents. < > The Monuments, Insti tutions, Collections and Missions thus registered may display a distinctive nag (red circle with a triple red sphere in the circle on a white background) which will entitle them to the special protection and respect on the part of the belli gerents, of Governments and Peoples of all the High Contracting Parties.[28] Postage stamp of Mexico. On stamp the UN emblem and symbol of Banner of Peace Roerich s Pact has large educational value. A pact for protection of cultural treas ures is not only needed as an official body, but as an educational law that, fro m the very first school days, will educate the young generation with noble ideas of preservation of the whole mankind s true values ,[29] wrote N. Roerich. Idea of the Pact was welcomed by R. Rolland, B. Shaw, R. Tagore, A. Einstein, T. Mann, H. Wells et al. The Pact was signed in the White House in Washington, on April 15, 1935 with the participation of US President F. Roosevelt. Originally, the document was ratifi ed by 21 countries of the American continent. Later the Pact was validated by 15 countries more. Roerich s Pact became the first international act especially devoted to protection of cultural values. It was unique agreement in this field, which was accepted b y a part of international community before second World War.[27] Banner of Peace on the painting Pax cultura . 1931 In a few years after the war, Roerich s Pact played an important role in forming o f international law standards and public activity in the field of protection of cultural heritage. In 1949, on forth session of general UNESCO conference a deci sion was accepted to begin the work for international law regulation in the fiel d of cultural heritage protection in case of armed conflict.[27] In 1954, Roerich s Pact was laid in the basis for the Hague International Conventio n for Protection of Cultural Values in the Event of Armed Conflict ,[27] and sugge sted by N. Roerich special flag, the Banner of Peace, declaring all treasures of

culture and art inviolable objects, until today streams above many cultural and educational institutions all over the world. Ideas of the Pact were reflected i n Roerich s art. Banner of Peace symbol one can see in many his paintings of thirt ies. The painting Madonna Oriflamma was especially devoted to the Pact. [edit] Second World War. Service to Russia «The victory». 1942 Being in India, Roerich from very first days of Second World War used all opport unities to help Russia. Together with his younger son Svyatoslav Roerich he orga nized exhibitions and sales of paintings, transferring all gains to the Soviet R ed Cross fund and Red Army. He published articles in press; spoke on the radio i n support of soviet people. In those formidable years for Russia, the painter turned again to the subject of native land in his creative work. In that period, he created a whole series of paintings Prince Igor campaign , Alexander Nevsky , Partisans , Victory , Heroes have nd others, in which used the images of the Russian history, predicting the Russi an people s victory against the fascism. Everyone who takes up arms against Russian people will feel that on his backbone. It is not a threat but millennial history of the peoples said this. Va rious wreckers and enslavers have rebounded but Russian people in its vast virgi n lands ploughed the new treasures. It is the custom. History keeps the proves f or higher justice which many times already says: Don t touch that! .[30] N. Roerich Ne zamai! (Don t touch that!), 1940 Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Nicholas Roerich, M. Yunus. (Roerich s estate, Ku llu) Roerich s Leafs of diary the Soviet people. contains many pages devoted to the war and labour deeds of

In 1942, before the Battle of Stalingrad, Roerich received at his house in Kullu the fighter for India s independence Jawaharlal Nehru and his daughter Indira Gan dhi. Together they discussed a fate of new world, in which long-awaited freedom of enslaved peoples will triumph. We spoke about Indian-Russian cultural associat ion, Roerich wrote, it is time to think about useful and creative cooperation .[31 ] Gandhi remembered about several days stayed together with Roerich s family: That was memorable visit to endowed and surprising family where each per se was remar kable figure with well-defined range of interests. N. Roerich himself stays in m y memory. He was a man with extensive knowledge and enormous life experience, a man with big heart, penetrated deeply all that he observed . During the visit ideas and thoughts about closer cooperation between India and USSR were expressed. No w, after India wins independence, they have got its own real implementation. And as you know, today between our countries there are relations of friendship and mutual understanding .[32] When fascist forces occupied extensive Soviet territories, Roerich made a reques t for his workers to serve for mutual understanding between Russia and the U.S.. In 1942, American-Russian cultural Association (ARCA) was created in New York. Its active participants were Ernest Hemingway, Rockwell Kent, Charlie Chaplin, E mil Cooper, S. Koussevitzky, P. Heddas, V. Tereshchenko. Association s activity wa s welcomed by world-known scientists R. Milliken and A. Compton. [edit] Last years «Professor Nicholas Roerich». 1944 Svetoslav Roerich The Russian painter s world recognition is confirmed by the fact that more than a hundred institutes, academies, scientific corporations, cultural institutions in the whole world have chosen their honorary and full member. In India itself, fa mous Indian philosophers, scientists, writers, public figures were personally ac

quainted with Nicholas Roerich. In India Roerich continued to work at Himalayas series which includes more than tw o thousands paintings. Mountain world was a source of inexhaustible inspiration for the painter. Art critics noted a new direction in Roerich s creativity and cal led him Master of mountains . In India N. Roerich created the following series: Sham bala , Chingis-Khan , Kuluta , Kullu , Saint mountains , Tibet , Ashrams etc. Artist s ere held in many Indian cities and attracted many people.[33] Roerich always remained a patriot and a Russian citizen, only holding one passpo rt Russian. He never gave up the thought of coming back to his motherland. Right after the end of the war, the artist applied for a visa to enter the Soviet Uni on. But on December 13, 1947, he died, without knowing that he was denied the vi sa.[citation needed] In Kullu valley, at the place of the funeral fire, a big rectangular stone was i nstalled on which the following inscription was carved: Here, on December 15, 1947, the body of Maharishi Nicholas Roerich a great Russia n friend of India was committed to fire. Let there be peace . N. Roerich s precept Let love your country. Let love Russian people. Let love all the peoples on whole immense scopes of our Motherland. Let this love teaches us to love the whole mankind. < >. Let love the Motherland by all your strength, and it will lov e you. We are rich by Motherland s love. Give us broader way! The builder goes! Ru ssian people go!.[34] [edit] International Centre of the Roerichs Public museum by name of Nicholas Roerich of International Center of the Roerichs (Moscow) In 1990, Svetoslav Roerich, younger son of Nicholas and Helena Roerich, implemen ting the parents will, has transferred to Soviet Roerich s Foundation (now Interna tional Centre of the Roerichs (ICR)) a richest heritage of his family. Due to L. V. Shaposhnikova, noted scientist, writer, academician of Russian Academy of Na ture Sciences, and Yu.M. Vorontsov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Russia, more than 400 paintings, archives, library and Roerich s family antiqu ities were imported to motherland. This heritage became a base for public Museum by name of Nicholas Roerich, opened in Moscow. S.N. Roerich has chosen for futu re museum an ancient mansion of the Lopukhins. On February 12, 1993, first museu m exhibition was opened in this building. In the Museum halls, annual International conferences, dedicated to important is sues of culture and science with participation of well-known scientists and publ ic figures from Russia, CIS, Germany, USA, Italy, Spain, France, Canada, Mexico and other countries are held. These conferences devoted to important problems of culture and science.[35] So, in 2005, the Conference was devoted to seventieth anniversary of Roerich s Pact signing,[36] and in 2008 eightieth anniversary of Ro erich s Central-Asian Expedition. Exhibitions of modern painters-cosmists, concerts of classical music, children s d rawing competitions, festivals of ethnic culture, exhibitions of folk crafts and creative function events are organized. Investiture of Banner of Peace which was on board of cosmic station Mir to the Spe aker of Indian Parliament Somnath Chatterjee on the occasion of S. N. Roerich 10 0th anniversary. From left to right: Hero of Russian Federation S. Zalyotin, V. Afanasiev, Sri Somnath Chatterdgi, Yu. M. Vorontsov, President of ICR Lectures dedicated to Roerich s heritage, philosophy, history, culture and pedagog y are conducted by leading specialists from Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow State University and scientific associates of International Centre of th

e Roerichs. ICR cooperates actively with many cultural, state and public organiz ations including international ones, organizes traveling exhibitions of Nicholas and Svetoslav Roerich s canvases through CIS countries. Due to its active work, International Centre of the Roerichs as non-governmental organization has received a status of associated member of Public information D epartment of U.N.O. General Director of Museum by name of N. Roerich is the Hono red Worker of Arts of Russian Federation, Member of the Russian Academy of Natur al Sciences, Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after the K.E. Tsiolkovsky an d Russian Ecological Academy, Editor-in-Chief of «Culture and Time» journal, Ludmila Vassilyevna Shaposhnikova.[37] On June 17, 2008 the International Centre of the Roerichs has concluded a treaty for creative collaboration with an institute of natural science history and tec hniques named after S.I. Vavilov of Russian Academy of Sciences (INSHT RAS). The treaty provides for cooperation through wide range of problems related to resea rch in the field of Roerich s study and cosmic thinking. This range includes consu ltations for seekers of candidate s and doctor s degrees, reception for defense of c andidate s and doctor s dissertations related to Roerich s study and cosmic thinking o n Academic Senate of INSHT.[38] [edit] World recognition In opinion of Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences D. S. Likhachev, N. Roer ich was a world-famous devotee of culture .[39] Roerich's many-sided cultural acti vities are recognized by awards from many governments of the world, and also by the titles of honor given him by scientific, public and cultural institutions, w hose founder, protector, president and full member he was. [edit] Awards Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russia) Order of Saint Anna (Russia) Order of Saint Vladimir (Russia) Order of Saint Sava (Serbia) Chevalier of the Legion of Honour (France) Chevalier of the Order of the Polar Star [edit] List of institutions in which N. Roerich was a member Full member of Russian Academy of Arts. Founder of Institute of United Arts in New York, USA. Founder of International Cultural Centre Corona Mundi , USA. Honorary director of Museum named after N. Roerich in New York and its branc hes in Europe, America and Eastern countries. Full Member of Yugoslavian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb. Full member of Portuguese Academy, Coimbra. Full member of Reims Academy, France. Full member of International institute of science and literature, Bologna, I taly. Honorary member of Committee on Culture, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Vice-President of Mark Twain Society, USA. Vice-President of American Institute of Archeology, USA. Honorary member of Enlightener Society of Varanasi, India. Honorary member of More Society, France. Member of Red Cross, France. Member of Society for antiquities study, France. Lifelong member of Federation of French painters, France. Member of Autumnal salon, Paris. Lifelong member of antiquarian society, Paris. Honorary president of International Union for Roerich s Pact support, Bruges. Honorary protector of Historical Society at Academy, Paris.

Honorary President of Roerich Society in France, Paris. Member-Founder of Ethnographical Society, Paris. Honorary President of Academy named after Roerich, New York. Honorary President of Society for cultural progress Flamma , Indiana State, USA . Honorary President of Roerich Society in Philadelphia, USA. Honorary Member of Society for historical sites protection, New York. Honorary President of Latvian Roerich Society, Riga. Honorary President of Roerich Societies in Lithuania, Yugoslavia, China. Honorary member of Institute named after S. Ch. Bos, Calcutta. Member of J. Bose Institute, India. Member of Nagati Prachari Sabkha, India. Lifelong member of King s Asian Society in Bengali, Calcutta. Lifelong member of Society Art of the East , Calcutta. Honorary President and doctor of literature of International institute for B uddhism study in San Francisco, California. (International Buddhism Institute, U SA). Honorary member of Russian Museum of history and culture, Prague, Czechoslov akia. Honorary member of Luzas Society, Paris. Honorary member of League for Art Defense, Paris. Protector of Cultural Society, Amritsara, India. Member-benefactor of Association for international research, Paris. Honorary member of Field Association, S.-Luis, USA. Honorary member of Braurveda Society, Java. Honorary member of National Association of Natural Medicine in America, LosAngeles, USA. Honorary President of Centre of Arts and Culture, Allahabad, India. President of League of Culture, USA. Honorary President of American-Russian cultural Association in New York, USA . and many others institutions and societies. [edit] Minor planet Roerich Minor planet 4426 Roerich in Solar System On October 15, 1969 a minor planet of Solar System was discovered by astronomers of Crimea astrophysical observatory Nikolai Stepanovich and Lyudmila Ivanovna C hernikh. This planet was named in honor of Roerichs family. It was numbered 4426 .[40] Crimea astrophysical observatory, which is participant of international program f or observation and research of minor planets, hereby indicates that a minor plan et discovered in Crimea astrophysical observatory and numbered 4426 in internati onal catalogue, was named Roerich in honor of the family of eminent Russian cultur al workers was told in discovery certificate.[40] Altai. Peaks and passes named in honor of the Roerich family On October, 1999 N.S Chernikh, in his speak in the Museum named after Roerich de voted to this event of world importance, said: A number of new minorplanets were named in honor of dear for us names of the great Russian devotees, scientists, w riters, artists. Recently, a planet Roerich was appeared. Minor planets are as if eternal, not of human making monuments. This planet will be forever named after Roerichs. After a while, it will approaches to the Earth < >. The name was approve d by special committee of International astronomical union, consisting of eleven representatives from various countries. Name is accepted at unanimous opinion o nly. Appearance of minor planet Roerich is evidence of international recognition o f creativity and outstanding achievements of Roerichs .[40] [edit] Peak named after Roerich at Altai

On August 15, 1963 in the Independence day of India the alpinists from Tomsk V.S irkin, G. Shvartsman, A. Ivanov, V. Petrenko, L. Spiridonov, G. Skryabin, V. Sly usarchuk, Yu. Salivon, D. Gusev, S. Lobanov have risen on nameless before mounta in peak and have named it by N. Roerich.[41] [edit] Famous people about Roerich First of all we must immediately recall a well-known both in Russia and in I ndia painter Nicholas Roerich. It is wonderful life, it is wonderful creativity, it is wonderful example of spiritual nearness, perhaps, not laying on the surfa ce but nevertheless the spiritual nearness of our peoples.[42] Russia and India note the importance of preservation and support of an uniqu e artistic and cultural heritage of Roerich s family, which has permanent signific ance for Russian-Indian friendship.[43] Vladimir Putin, Former President of Russian Federation When I think about Nicholas Roerich, I am surprised by scope and richness of his activity and creative genius. Great painter, great scientist and writer, ar cheologist and traveler, he touched and elucidated so many aspects of human desi res. Already the number of paintings itself is amazing thousands of the painting s and each is a great art work. < > His paintings remind us many things from our l ife, our thinking, our cultural and spiritual heritage, and we feel that we are indebted to Nicholas Roerich, which reveals this spirit in his beautiful canvase s.[44] Jawaharlal Nehru, prime minister of independent India His remarkable paintings amaze you by richness and subtle feeling of color a nd, first of all, wonderfully reproduce mysterious greatness of Himalaya s nature. And he oneself by his appearance and nature it seemed to some extent was filled with a soul of the great mountains. He was not verbose, but he radiated the res trained might, which as if filled with itself all surrounding space. We held in high respect Nicholas Roerich for his wisdom and creative genius. We also highly appreciate he as a connecting link between Soviet Union and India. I think that paintings of Nicholas Roerich and his stories about India will transfer to sovi et people a part of soul of their Indian friends. I also know that N. Roerich an d his family in many respects contributed to that India had clearer notion about Soviet country.[32] From interview given by Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi to L. V. Shaposh nikova on October, 1975 I am deeply excited by your paintings. Looking at it, I have understood one simple thing which would as if clear but which nevertheless needs to be discover ed by me once more and more, namely, that the truth is eternal. Your art is endo wed with features of exceptional originality because it is a great art.[44] Rabindranath Tagore, well-known Indian writer and philosopher I admire sincerely by Your art so much that I can say without exaggeration t hat never have landscapes made such a great impression on me.[44] Albert Einstein (Letter to Roerich Museum, 1931) Rays transparent through Earth atmosphere, horizon became brightly-orange, g radually turned into all rainbow colors: blue, dark blue, purple, black. Unspeak able color range! Like at the canvas of the painter Nicholas Roerich.[45] Yury Gagarin, cosmonaut. A record from the log book. April 12, 1961

[edit] Main works of Roerich The art and archeology // Art and artistic industry. S. Petersburg, 1898. No 3; 1899, No 4-5. (in Russian) Some antiquities of Shelon s region and Bezhets area. S. Petersburg, 1899. (in Russian) Stone age on the Pyros Lake. S. Petersburg, 1905. (in Russian) Collected works. Volume 1. Moscow, 1914. (in Russian) Paths of blessing. New York, 1924. Heart of Asia. Southbury, 1929. Realm of Light. Southbury, 1931. Fiery Stronghold. New York, 1933 The Banner of Peace. Harbin, 1934. Sacred Patrol. Harbin, 1934. Gates into the Future. Riga, 1936. (in Russian) Nerushimoe. Riga, 1936. (in Russian) Altai Himalayas. Travel diary. Moscow, 1974. (in Russian) From the literary heritage. Moscow, 1974. (in Russian) The flowers of Moria. Poems. Moscow, 1984. (in Russian) The tales. Leningrad, 1991. (in Russian) Abode of light. Moscow, 1992. (in Russian) Let protect antiquities. Moscow, 1993. (in Russian) Ancient sources. Moscow, 1993. (in Russian) Painters of life. (in Russian) To young friend. (in Russian) Urusvati. (in Russian) East West. (in Russian) Culture and Civilization. (in Russian) About the Great Patriotic War. (in Russian) Shambala. (in Russian) Soul of peoples. (in Russian) Diary leaves. (in Russian) Shambala. New York, 1930. Banner of Peace. New York, 1931. Himalayas Abode of Light. Bombay, 1947. Adamant. New York, 1967. [edit] Monuments and dedications Nicholas Roerich Museum at 319 West 107th Street on Manhattan's Upper West Side. Monument N.K. and H.I Roerichs was put up in Moscow, on territory of Lopukhi n s mansion in front of the Museum named after N. Roerich.[46] One of the streets in Riga s center was named in honor of N. Roerich.[47] Since 1984, Museum-Mansion of N. Roerich worked in Izvara village of Leningr ad s region, where N. Roerich lived long time.[48] S. Petersburg s artistic school named after N.Roerich works in S. Petersburg.[ 49] In 1999, two commemorative coins devoted to 125th anniversary of N. Roerich birthday were issued by Bank of Russia. A motor ship Painter Nicholas Roerich was named in honor of N. Roerich.[50] In 2007, new airliner of Aeroflot was named in honor of N. Roerich.[51] Monument N.K. Roerichs was put up in St Petersburg, on Vasil'evsky Island in 2010. New species of ichneumonid wasp from Nepal was named after N. Roerich, Lathr olestes roerichi Reshchikov, 2011.[52] [edit] Postage stamps containing images of Roerich and his creativity In 1974, the Soviet Ministry of Communications issued a marked envelope with N. Roerich s portrait against the background of his painting Guests from overseas .

In the same year, a stamp with this painting image was issued. In 1974, India issued an anniversary stamp depicted the observe of commemora tive medal, which was issued in Paris, 1929, and was devoted to 40th anniversary of N. Roerich s artistic, scientific and public activity. In 1977, USSR ministry of communications issued two stamps depicted a Church of Holy Spirit in Talashkino. A mosaic Holy Face over the entrance of this Church was made on N. Roerich s sketches. In 1978, Bulgaria issued a stamp depicted a fragment of N. Roerich s portrait, painted by S. N. Roerich. Besides the stamp, an envelope of first day was issue d, and on April 5, 1978 at Sophia s central post office a cancellation by postmark of the first day was made. In 1986, Mexico issued a stamp with coupon dedicated to International Year o f Peace (Ano Internacional de la Paz). The stamp contained a pictures of U.N.O e mblem and a symbol of N. Roerich s Banner of Peace with signatures ONU (U.N.O) and Pa x Cultura (Pact of Culture). In 1990, USSR issued two stamps dedicated to Soviet Foundation of Culture. O ne of them reproduced N. Roerich s painting Unkrada (1909), and another a painting Ps kov-Pechori monastery . In 1999, publishing centre Marka of Ministry of communication and mass media o f Russia issued stamped envelope Russian painter N.K. Roerich. 1874 1947 dedicated t o his 125th anniversary. The stamp depicted a fragment of N. Roerich s portrait pa inted by S.N. Roerich in 1934. N. Roerich was painted against the background of his painting Book of life . In 2001, publishing centre Marka of Ministry of communication and mass media o f Russia issued stamped envelope dedicated to International treaty for protectio n of artistic and scientific institutions and historical monuments (Roerich s Pact ). Picture on the envelope shows a Roerich s painting Pax Cultura. Banner of Peace ( 1931). In 2003, Moldavia issued a stamp depicted the painting Pax Cultura. Banner of Peace (1931) like as at Russian stamp of the year 2001. In 2008, Russian publishing centre Marka issued an envelope dedicated to Centr al Asian expedition of N. Roerich (1923 1928).[53] [edit] Peak of International Centre-Museum named after Roerich at Altai From July, 16 to August 1, 2008 the International expedition program was conduct ed. It was dedicated to 80th anniversary of Central-Asian expedition of Nicholas Roerich. Representatives of cultural community from Russia, Ukraine, Estonia, M oscow, Kiev, Tallinn, Kemerovo, Yaroslavl, Velikii Novgorod, Tver, Penza, Kostro ma, Prokopievsk, Andgero-Sudgensk, Kokhtla-Yarve, Pervomayskii and other cities took part in this program. The participants of expedition program studied modern state of geocultural area of Altai. They went by Altai itineraries of Central-Asian expedition of N. Roeri ch and expedition of academician L.V.Shaposhnikova and conducted the photo fixin g of Roerich s expedition itineraries. During the expedition program two groups of alpinists ascended to the nameless peak which they proposed to call in honor of International Centre-Museum named after N. Roerich.[54] [edit] Dialogue and video recording with Roerich N. K. Roerich. About Shambala Phonogram of 1929. Problems listening to this file? See media help. More Nicolas Roerich. India, Kullu, 1947 [edit] Sources Peak of International Centre-Museum named after N.K. Roerich at Altai Belikov P.F., Knyazeva V.P. Nikolai Ronstantinovich Roerich / Series Life of

outstanding people (in Russian). Moscow, Molodaya Gvardiya , 1973. 2-d Edition. Shaposhnikova L.V. The Great Travelling ( Velikoe puteshestvie ) (in Russian). B ook 1. Master Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs 1999. 624 p. with pictu res ISBN 5-86988-064-5 Shaposhnikova L.V. The Great Traveling ( Velikoe puteshestvie ) (in Russian). Th ird book Master s Universe (Vselennaya Mastera) Moscow, International Centre of the R oerichs 2005. 1088 p. with pictures ISBN 5-86988-162-5 Shaposhnikova L.V. Scientist, thinker, painter (Uchenii, mislitel , khudozhnik (i n Russian)) Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, Master-Bank. 2006. 192 p. with pictures. Let s protect names and heritage of the Roerichs V. 3. (in Russian) Internationa l Centre of the Roerichs, Master-Bank, Moscow. 2005 Let s protect names and heritage of the Roerichs V. 1. (in Russian) Internationa l Centre of the Roerichs, Master-Bank, Moscow. 2001 Morning Star . Scientific and artistic illustrated literary miscellany of Inter national Centre of the Roerichs. N 2 3, 1997. Roerich N. About the art: in collected articles/ With preface of A.D.Alyokhi n. Compiler S. A.Ponomarenko.- Second Edition, Moscow, International Centre of t he Roerichs, Master Bank. 2005. 160 pp. N. Roerich Diary leaves V.2. International Centre of the Roerichs, Moscow. 199 5. 512 p. N. Roerich Diary leaves V.3. International Centre of the Roerichs, Moscow. 199 6. 688 p. N. Roerich. Culture and Civilization. International Centre of the Roerichs, Moscow. 1994. -148 p. Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich. Bibliography. International Centre of the R oerichs, Moscow. 1999. -232 p. Zazhigaite serdtsa! Collected works (in Russian). Second edition. Moscow, Molod aya Gvardiya , 1978.- 208 p. Banner of Peace. Collected articles. Second Edition, supplemented and revise d. International Centre of the Roerichs, Moscow. 2005. -644 p. with pictures.- ( Great Roerich s Library). Short Philosophical Dictionary. / A.P.Alekseev, G.G.Vasiliev et al. Edited b y A.P.Alekseev. Second edition, supplemented and revised. Moscow. Velby , Prospect pu blishing, 2004. Dictionary was prepared by group of humanities department of Mos cow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov. Larichev V.E., Matochkin Ye.P. Roerich and Siberia. Novosibirsk, 1993. Russian Philosophy. Dictionary / Edited by M. Maslin. Moscow, Terra Book club ; Respublika , 1999. -656 p. P.F.Belikov, V.P.Knyazeva. Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich. Samara. 1996.- T hird supplemented edition. Roerich nominated for Peace award // The New York Times. March 3, 1929, Sund ay Ivanov M.A. Roerichs and Tver region. Tver, GERS Publishers. 2007. 118 p. Drayer, Ruth Abrams. Nicholas & Helena Roerich: the spiritual journey of two great artists and peacemakers. Quest Books, 2005. ISBN 0835608433 Znamenski, Andrei. Red Shambhala: Magic, Prophecy, and Geopolitics in the He art of Asia. Quest Books, 2011. ISBN 978-0-8356-0891-6 [edit] See also 4426 Roerich Minor planet in Solar System Ballets by Nikolai Roerich Living Ethics Pax Cultura George de Roerich Helena Roerich Svetoslav Roerich Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov President of International Centre of the Roerich s (Moscow)

[edit] External links Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Nicholas Roerich Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nicholas Roerich International Centre of the Roerichs (Moscow) Nicholas Roerich Museum (New York) International Non-governmental Organisation "The International Centre of the Roerichs" (Russia) International Roerich Memorial Trust (India) Agni Yoga Society Estonian Roerich Society Roerich-movement on the Internet (in Russian) Reviving the Roerich Banner of Peace: Peace Through Culture! Paintings Gallery Nicholas Roerich Estate Museum in Izvara Roerich Family The Story of the "Guru Letters" [edit] References ^ Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich // Great biographic encyclopedia. Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich // Russian philosophy: Dictionary / Edit ed by M. Maslin. / V.V.Sapov. Moscow, Respublika , 1995. Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich // Short Philosophical Dictionary. / A.P .Alekseev, G.G.Vasiliev et.al. Edited by A.P.Alekseev. Second edition, supplemen ted and revised. Moscow. Velby , Prospect publishing, 2004. (in Russian). S. Levit. Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich // Culturology. XX century. En cyclopedia. 1998. Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich // Latest Philosophical Dictionary / Gri tsanov A.A. Scientific edition. Minsk: V.M. Skakun , 1999. 896 p. Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich // Biographic Dictionary. Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich // Modern Encyclopedia. Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich // Encyclopaedia of F. A. Brockhause and I. A. Ephron. Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich // Encyclopaedia "Krugosvet" Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich // Modern Encyclopaedia. Great Russian En cyclopedia Publishing, 1997. Nikolay Roerich // Gallery of Russian Thinkers Nikolai Konstantinowitsch Roerich / Meyers Konversations Lexikon. Online -version ^ Zazhigaite serdtsa! Collected works. Second Edition. Moscow, Molodaya Gvardiy a Publishing, 1978. P.25. ^ 5. Belikov P.F., Knyazeva V.P. Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich. Series Life of remarkable people (in Russian). Moscow, Molodaya Gvardiya Publishing. 1973. p.1 2. ^ Belikov P. F., Knyazeva V. P. Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich. Samara, 199 6. Third Edition, supplemented. PP.10 11. (Russian) ^ www.roerich.org ^ Ivanov M. A. Roerichs and Tver region. Tver, GERS Publishers. 2007. p. 79. (Russian) ^ N. Roerich. Diary Leaves. V. 2. Moscow, International Centre of the Roeric hs. 1995. p.88. ISBN 5-86988-041-1 ^ a b Belikov P.F., Knyazeva V. P. Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich. Series Li fe of remarkable people . Moscow, Molodaya Gvardiya Publishing. 1973. p.36. (Russian ) ^ N. Roerich. Diary Leaves. V. 3. Moscow, International Centre of the Roeric

1996. p.242. ISBN 5-86988-056-4 ^ Rudzitis R.Ya. Peace through Culture . P. 22. ^ Belikov P. F., Knyazeva V. P. Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich. Samara, 199 6. Third Edition, supplemented. P. 57. (Russian) ^ Belikov P. F., Knyazeva V. P. Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich. (in Russian ) Samara, 1996. Third Edition, supplemented. P. 81. ^ Shaposhnikova L.V. From Altai to Himalayas. Moscow, 1998. p.24. (Russian) ^ N. Roerich. Diary Leaves. V. 2. Moscow, International Centre of the Roeric hs. 1995. p.58. ^ Belikov P.F., Knyazeva V.P. Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich. Samara, 1996. Third Edition, supplemented. P. 71. (Russian) ^ N. Roerich. Diary Leaves. V. 1. Moscow, International Centre of the Roeric hs. 1995. p.33. ^ Leonid Andreev. Roerich s Empire / Collected Articles. Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, Master-Bank. 2004. p.38. ISBN 5-86988-148-X (Russian) ^ Belikov P.F., Knyazeva V.P. Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich. Series Life of remarkable people . Moscow, Molodaya Gvardiya Publishing. 1972. (Russian) ^ a b L.V.Shaposhnikova. The great traveling. Book 1. Master. Moscow, Intern ational Centre of the Roerichs, 1998. 624 p. with pictures. ISBN 5-86988-064-5 ^ International scientific and public conference 80th anniversary of CentralAsian Expedition of N.K. Roerich (1924 1928) , which was held in International Centr e of the Roerichs from October, 9 to 11, 2008. ^ L.V.Shaposhnikova. From Altai to Himalayas. Along the path of Central-Asia n Expedition of N. Roerich. Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, Master -Bank, 1998. ^ Participants, chronology, bibliography of Central-Asian Expedition of N. R oerich are on the website of International Centre of the Roerichs. ^ Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich // Russian Philosophy. Dictionary / Edited by M. Maslin. Moscow, Terra Book club ; Respublika , 1999. -656 p.ISBN 5-250-02707-5 ISBN 5-300-02569-0 ^ Roerich N.K. Health of spirit (Zdorovye dukha) // Culture and civilization . Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, 1994. P.60. (Russian). ^ a b Roerich nominated for Peace award // New York Times. March 3, 1929, Su nday (Article on the website The New York Times and French Association of Banner of Peace) ^ Peter Barenboim, Naeem Sidiqi, Bruges, the Bridge between Civilizations: 7 5 Anniversary of Roerich Pact, Grid Belgium, 2010, ISBN 978-5-98856-114-9 ^ a b c d Roerich s Pact: history of the agreement for cultural values protect ion. Reference. / Advertising news agency Novosti , 15 April 2008. ^ Banner of Peace. Collected works. Second Edition, supplemented and revised . Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, 2005. -644 p. with pictures. (Gr eat Roerich s Library). ISBN 5-86988-161-7 ^ Belikov P.F., Knyazeva V.P. Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich. Series Life of remarkable people (Russian). Moscow, Molodaya Gvardiya Publishing. 1973. Second Ed ition. ^ N. Roerich Ne zamai! // Zazhigaite serdtsa! Collected works. Second Edition. M oscow, Molodaya Gvardiya Publishing, 1978. 208 p. with pictures. ^ N. Roerich. Diary Leaves. V. 3. Moscow, International Centre of the Roeric hs. 1996. p.39. ISBN 5-86988-056-4 ^ a b Interview with Indira Gandhi / Roerich s Empire. (Derzhava Rerikhov) (in Russian). / Collected Articles. Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, M aster-Bank. 2004. p.65. ISBN 5-86988-148-X ^ Belikov P.F., Knyazeva V.P. Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich. (Russian) Sam ara, 1996. Third Edition, supplemented. P. 180. ^ Roerich. Precept. (Zavet) (Russian) // Zazhigaite serdtsa! Collected works. Second Edition. Moscow, Molodaya Gvardiya Publishing, 1978. 208 p. with pictures. ????? // ????????? ??????! ???????. ???. 2-?. ?., ??????? ???????, 1978, 208 ?. ? ??. ^ International conferencies of ICR ^ International Scientific and Public Conference Roerich s Pact 70th Anniversar

hs.

y ^ Shaposhnikova Lyudmila Vassilievna of Russia (Russian) article in the Encyclopedia Best people

Awards and titles of L.V. Shaposhnikova. (Russian) ^ ??????? ? ?????????????? ????? ??? ? ???? ??? ^ Statements of scientists and public figures about Roerichs / Lets protect t he names and heritage of the Roerichs ( Zaschitim imya i nasledie Rerikhov ) (in Russ ian) V.3. Documents, publications, essays. Moscow, International Centre of the R oerichs, 2005.- 1094 p. ISBN 5-86988-159-5 ^ a b c Minor planet Roerich / Lets protect the names and heritage of the Roeri chs ( Zaschitim imya I nasledie Rerikhov ) (in Russian) V.3. Documents, publications, essays. Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, 2005.- 1094 p - Astronomi c data of the minor planet Roerich on NASA website. ^ Larichev V.E., Matochkin Ye.P. Roerich and Siberia. Novosibirsk, 1993. p.1 78. ^ Interview of V.V.Putin to Indian mass communication media and Russian TV c hannel RTR / Russian President s official website. (Russian) ^ Official website of Indian embassy in Russian Federation. (Russian) ^ a b c Outstanding people about N. Roerich / Lets protect the names and heri tage of the Roerichs ( Zaschitim imya i nasledie Rerikhov ) (in Russian) V.1. Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, Master-Bank, 2001. (Russian) ^ Zazhigaite serdtsa! Collected works. Second Edition. Moscow, Molodaya Gvardiy a Publishing, 1978. p.24. ^ Roerich s Memorial ICR website (Russian) ^ Ozolinya M.R. A street named after N. Roerich in Riga / Newspaper Sodruzhes tvo , N 4, March, 2002. (Russian) ^ Museum-Estate of N.K. Roerich in Izvara Museum-Estate of N.K. Roerich in Izvara. Cycle of TV programs ms of Saint Petersburg (Russian) Small Museu

^ Saint Petersburg Art School named after N. Roerich. (Russian) ^ List of Far East Sea steamship company fleet. (Russian) ^ Open Corporation Aeroflot Russian airlines Chronicles. July, 2007. (Russian) ^ Reshchikov A.V. Zootaxa 2743: 49 55 (2011) ^ Artistic marked envelopes N 212K-2008. December 17, 2008. Central-Asian Ex pedition of N. Roerich (1923 1928) on website of Publishing Centre Marka . An envelope dedicated to Trans-Himalayan Expedition of N. Roerich was is sued in Novosibirsk / Advertising news agency Siberia , 2009-01-12. ^ Along the Altai's path of Nicholas Roerich s expedition / website the Russia Museums of

A program of events dedicated to Central-Asian expedition of Academician N.K. Roerich in the Museum of Yaroslavl city s history / website Museums of the Ru ssia . S. Skorodumov. Altai s Solaris . Journal Prime-Sphere ( Praim-Sfera» in Russian tober, 2008. Website Yaroslavia of State organs of Yaroslavl region.

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