Introduction to Information Systems
Content
Introduction to Information Systems
Information Concepts
Data Vs Information Data – consist of raw facts.- Collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the facts themselves. Characteristics of Valuable Information 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Accurate – the information is error free. Complete – information contains all important facts. Economical – the information can be produced. Flexible – can be used for variety of purposes. Reliable – the information can be dependent on. Relevant – the information is important to the decision maker. Timely – information is delivered when needed. Verifiable – you can check to make sure It is correct.
The Value of Information• It helps decision makes organized it goals.
System – is a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish a goal. System Boundary – defines the system and distinguishes it from everything else. Subsystem – system within a system. Configuration – the way in which element are organized.
Classification of Systems 1. Simple vs. ComplexSimple – one which has few elements and has uncomplicated relationship. Complex – has many elements that are highly related. 2. Open vs. CloseOpen – interacts with it’s environment. Close – does not interact with it’s environment. 3. Stable vs. DynamicStable – one in which changes in the environment result little or no changes in system. Dynamic – one that undergoes rapid and constant change due on it’s environment. 4. Adaptive vs. Non-adaptiveAdaptive – respond to a changing environment. Non-adaptive – does not change with a changing environment.
5. Permanent vs. TemporaryPermanent – one that will exist for a long time. Temporary – one that will not be in existence for a long time.
System Model – is an abstract or approximation that is used to simulate reality.
Types of Models:
1. 2. 3. 4.
Narrative Model – based on words. Physical Model – tangible representation of reality. Schematic Model – graphical representation of reality. Mathematical Model – arithmetic representation of reality.
Information System Set of integrated elements or components that collect manipulate and store and disseminate data and information and provide feedback mechanism.
Input – the activity of capturing and gathering data. Process – involve converting data to useful output. Output – process useful information. Feedback – used to make adjustment on output.
CBIS (Computer Based Information System) Composed of hardware, software, people, data base and telecommunication that are configured to collect, manipulate, stored and process data information.
Components of CBIS
1. Hardware – consist of computer equipment used to perform input, processing to output activities. 2. Software – consist of computer programs and instruction given to the computer and user. 3. People – is the most important element. It includes personal who manage run program and maintain the computer system. 4. Database – organize collection of facts and information. 5. Telecommunication – allows organizations to link computer and user. 6. Procedure – include strategies methods and rules that humans use to operate CBIS.
Types of System
1. Transaction Processing System (TPS)Represent the application of information concepts & technology to routine and business transaction. 2. Management Information System (MIS)Began to develop in 1980’s and are characterized by the use of information system to produce managerial reports. 3. Decision Support System (DSS) Supports and assists all aspects of problem specific decision making. 4. Artificial Intelligence and Expert System AI – is a computer system that takes the characteristics of human intelligence. ES – an information system that can make suggestion and reach conclusion in a much same way that a human expert can. Computer Literacy – knowledge of computer system and equipment and how they function. It stresses equipment and devices program and instruction, database and telecommunication. Information System Literacy – knowledge of how data and information are used by individual and organizations.
Benefits and uses of IS
1. Added value to product (goods and services)2. Better safety3. Better service4. Competitive advantage5. Fewer errors6. Greater accuracy7. Higher quality products8. Improve health care9. Improve communication10. Increased efficiency11. Increased productivity12. More efficiency administration13. More opportunities14. Reduce labor requirements15. Reduce costs16. Superior financial decision making17. Superior control over operations18. Superior managerial decision making
Information Concepts
Data Vs Information Data – consist of raw facts.- Collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the facts themselves. Characteristics of Valuable Information 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Accurate – the information is error free. Complete – information contains all important facts. Economical – the information can be produced. Flexible – can be used for variety of purposes. Reliable – the information can be dependent on. Relevant – the information is important to the decision maker. Timely – information is delivered when needed. Verifiable – you can check to make sure It is correct.
The Value of Information• It helps decision makes organized it goals.
System – is a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish a goal. System Boundary – defines the system and distinguishes it from everything else. Subsystem – system within a system. Configuration – the way in which element are organized.
Classification of Systems 1. Simple vs. ComplexSimple – one which has few elements and has uncomplicated relationship. Complex – has many elements that are highly related. 2. Open vs. CloseOpen – interacts with it’s environment. Close – does not interact with it’s environment. 3. Stable vs. DynamicStable – one in which changes in the environment result little or no changes in system. Dynamic – one that undergoes rapid and constant change due on it’s environment. 4. Adaptive vs. Non-adaptiveAdaptive – respond to a changing environment. Non-adaptive – does not change with a changing environment.
5. Permanent vs. TemporaryPermanent – one that will exist for a long time. Temporary – one that will not be in existence for a long time.
System Model – is an abstract or approximation that is used to simulate reality.
Types of Models:
1. 2. 3. 4.
Narrative Model – based on words. Physical Model – tangible representation of reality. Schematic Model – graphical representation of reality. Mathematical Model – arithmetic representation of reality.
Information System Set of integrated elements or components that collect manipulate and store and disseminate data and information and provide feedback mechanism.
Input – the activity of capturing and gathering data. Process – involve converting data to useful output. Output – process useful information. Feedback – used to make adjustment on output.
CBIS (Computer Based Information System) Composed of hardware, software, people, data base and telecommunication that are configured to collect, manipulate, stored and process data information.
Components of CBIS
1. Hardware – consist of computer equipment used to perform input, processing to output activities. 2. Software – consist of computer programs and instruction given to the computer and user. 3. People – is the most important element. It includes personal who manage run program and maintain the computer system. 4. Database – organize collection of facts and information. 5. Telecommunication – allows organizations to link computer and user. 6. Procedure – include strategies methods and rules that humans use to operate CBIS.
Types of System
1. Transaction Processing System (TPS)Represent the application of information concepts & technology to routine and business transaction. 2. Management Information System (MIS)Began to develop in 1980’s and are characterized by the use of information system to produce managerial reports. 3. Decision Support System (DSS) Supports and assists all aspects of problem specific decision making. 4. Artificial Intelligence and Expert System AI – is a computer system that takes the characteristics of human intelligence. ES – an information system that can make suggestion and reach conclusion in a much same way that a human expert can. Computer Literacy – knowledge of computer system and equipment and how they function. It stresses equipment and devices program and instruction, database and telecommunication. Information System Literacy – knowledge of how data and information are used by individual and organizations.
Benefits and uses of IS
1. Added value to product (goods and services)2. Better safety3. Better service4. Competitive advantage5. Fewer errors6. Greater accuracy7. Higher quality products8. Improve health care9. Improve communication10. Increased efficiency11. Increased productivity12. More efficiency administration13. More opportunities14. Reduce labor requirements15. Reduce costs16. Superior financial decision making17. Superior control over operations18. Superior managerial decision making
