Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems - FL

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Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems - FL Author: David Burtt
Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems - FL
Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems Activity
System Costs and Incentives Activity
Question 1: System Costs and Incentives Question
Question ID#: 2650.0
Question 1: Using $7.00 / watt, how much would an installed 4000 watt PV system cost after deducting a 30%
federal personal tax credit and a 35% personal state tax credit (for North Carolina)?

A: $5,800.
B: $9,800.
C: $32,000.
D: $8,400.
Question 2: System Costs and Incentives Question.
Question ID#: 2648.0
Question 2: Currently, approximately what percentage of PV systems installed are residential systems?

A: 70%.
B: 50%.
C: 40%.
D: 95%.
Question 3: System Costs and Incentives Question.
Question ID#: 2652.0
Question 3: Which of the following is a major advantage of using a PV system to generate electricity?

A: Use of DC electricity instead of AC electricity.
B: Ease of installation.
C: Renewable energy source.
D: Cost of the system.
Question 4: System Costs and Incentives Question.
Question ID#: 2651.0
Question 4: Using the <a href="http://www.dsireusa.org/solar/index.cfm?ee=1&re=1&spv=1&st=0"
target="_blank">DSIRE web site</a>, which of the following states does NOT offer a personal tax credit?

A: Utah.
Page 1 ©2013 JADE Learning, Inc.
Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems - FL Author: David Burtt
B: Hawaii.
C: Oregon.
D: Alaska.
Question 5: System Costs and Incentives Question.
Question ID#: 2649.0
Question 5: What is the approximate total installed cost of a system?

A: $3.00 / watt.
B: $1.00 / watt.
C: $10.00 / watt.
D: $7.00 / watt.
Photovoltaic Components and System Design Activity
Photovoltaic Components and System Design Activity (Continued)
Question 6: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2658.0
Question 6: Which of the following components monitors the voltage supplied by the utility in a grid-tied system?

A: Combiner box.
B: Inverter.
C: AC disconnect.
D: DC diconnect.
Question 7: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2661.0
Question 7: Which of the following would be the worst direction for a PV module to face?

A: South.
B: Southwest.
C: West.
D: North.
Question 8: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2663.0
Question 8: Standard Testing Conditions (STC) are:

A: 1,250 watts / square meter, 35°C cell temperature, 1.5 ATM.
B: 1,000 watts / square meter, 20°C cell temperature, 1.0 ATM.
Page 2 ©2013 JADE Learning, Inc.
Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems - FL Author: David Burtt
C: 1,000 watts / square meter, 25°C cell temperature, 1.5 ATM.
D: 1,000 watts / square meter, 35°C cell temperature, 2.0 ATM.
Question 9: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2669.0
Question 9: There are many methods available for mounting a PV system. Which of the following is NOT a
mounting method?

A: Wall mount.
B: Ground mount.
C: Pole mount.
D: HIPV.
Question 10: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2660.0
Question 10: Microinverters would work best for which of the following?

A: Residential project with 10-15 modules.
B: Residential project with 50-70 modules.
C: Solar farm with 500 or more modules.
D: Commercial project with 100-150 modules.
Question 11: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2656.0
Question 11: Each PV cell produces approximately how many volts?

A: .25 volt.
B: 1 volt.
C: 5 volts.
D: .5 volt.
Question 12: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2655.0
Question 12: Which of the following is NOT a type of PV cell?

A: Multi-crystalline.
B: Mono-crystalline.
C: Amorphous.
D: Mono-phosphorous.
Question 13: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2665.0
Question 13: If a module has an Imp (rated maximum operating current) of 9 amps and a Vmp (rated maximum
operating voltage) of 20 volts, what is the Mpp (maximum power point/rated power)?

A: 29 watts.
B: 180 watts.
C: 150 watts.
D: 209 watts.
Page 3 ©2013 JADE Learning, Inc.
Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems - FL Author: David Burtt
Question 14: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2662.0
Question 14: Which of the following is a measure of irradiance?

A: 895 watts / hour.
B: 1,500 kilowatts.
C: 975 watts / square meter.
D: 1,250 kilowatt-hours.
Question 15: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2667.0
Question 15: If everything else stays the same, which cell temperature will allow the module to produce the most
amount of energy?

A: 65°C (149°F).
B: 45°C (113°F).
C: 55°C (131°F).
D: 35°C (95°F).
Question 16: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2664.0
Question 16: The I-V curve demonstrates the relationship between:

A: Current and Voltage.
B: Current and Irradiance.
C: Irradiance and visibility.
D: Standard testing conditions.
Question 17: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2657.0
Question 17: In a regular direct grid-tied PV system, which of the following is true?

A: If the grid goes down, the system stops producing power.
B: If the grid goes down, the modules stop converting sunlight.
C: If the gird goes down, the inverter continues to store energy from the system.
D: If the grid goes down, the system provides power to the building.
Question 18: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2659.0
Question 18: What exactly does an inverter do?

A: It converts a square wave to a sine wave.
B: It converts sunlight into DC electricity.
C: It converts DC electricity to AC electricity.
D: It converts AC electricity to DC electricity.
Question 19: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2668.0
Page 4 ©2013 JADE Learning, Inc.
Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems - FL Author: David Burtt
Question 19: To take advantage of the most peak sun hours in a day, which technology would you use?

A: Single axis tracking.
B: Fixed latitude + 50°tilt.
C: Fixed latitude tilt.
D: Dual axis tracking.
Question 20: Photovoltaic Components and System Design Question.
Question ID#: 2666.0
Question 20: If the light intensity increases from 800 watts / square meter to 1,100 watts / square meter and cell
temperature remains the same, what will happen to the energy output of a module?

A: It will spike and then return to the normal output.
B: It will go up.
C: It will go down.
D: It will stay the same.
Installing a System - Background Activity
Question 21: Installing a System - Background Question.
Question ID#: 2672.0
Question 21: You have a string of 10 modules wired in series, and each one is rated 25 volts and 7 amps. You
have a total of 5 strings combined in parallel. What will the total amperage of your system be?

A: 50 amps.
B: 35 amps.
C: 7 amps.
D: 125 amps.
Question 22: Installing a System - Background Question.
Question ID#: 2671.0
Question 22: You have 10 modules wired in series, and each one is rated 25 volts and 7 amps. What will the total
voltage of your system be?

A: 175 volts.
B: 250 volts.
C: 70 volts.
D: 25 volts.
Question 23: Installing a System - Background Question.
Question ID#: 2673.0
Question 23: You have 40 modules that you would like to use. Each one is rated at 200 watts, 22 volts, and 9
amps. What is the best way to wire the system so that the array will stay within a 300 - 500 volt inverter input
voltage window?

A: 4 strings of 10 modules.
Page 5 ©2013 JADE Learning, Inc.
Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems - FL Author: David Burtt
B: 2 strings of 20 modules.
C: 5 strings of 8 modules.
D: 3 strings of 13 modules.
Question 24: Installing a System - Background Question.
Question ID#: 2674.0
Question 24: Which part of PV system wiring should be installed last, after wiring the modules together?

A: Wiring the DC disconnect to the inverter.
B: Wiring modules together, positive to positive.
C: Wiring the inverter to the AC disconnect.
D: Connecting the PV power source by completing the circuit.
Question 25: Installing a System - Background Question.
Question ID#: 2675.0
Question 25: What article of the 2011 NEC specifically covers photovoltaic installations?

A: 680.
B: 690.
C: 705.
D: 694.
7 kW System Design - Array Activity
Question 26: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2690.0
Question 26: Which of the following is a new requirement in the 2011 NEC?

A: PV systems on dwelling units must be grounded.
B: All of article 690 is new.
C: Upon entry into a building, PV system wiring can be installed in metallic raceways.
D: AFCI (DC) protection is now required.
Question 27: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2691.0
Question 27: In the example system, which of the following PV system components are wired directly to the
inverter?

A: DC disconnect and AC disconnect.
B: Combiner box and PV modules.
C: Utility meter and AC disconnect.
D: PV modules and DC disconnect.
Question 28: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2686.0
Page 6 ©2013 JADE Learning, Inc.
Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems - FL Author: David Burtt
Question 28: Inside a building, wiring cannot be installed within 10 inches of the roof decking unless:

A: It is directly below PV modules or associated equipment.
B: It is in metal raceways.
C: The roof is brand new or less than 2 years old.
D: It is routed along a structural member like a beam.
Question 29: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2685.0
Question 29: The 2011 NEC requires that the disconnecting means be within sight of the location of the fuse or
integral with fuse holder. Which of the following pieces of equipment has been developed to deal with this issue?

A: Bipolar PV modules.
B: Combiner box with integrated disconnect.
C: AFCI protection device.
D: DC disconnect.
Question 30: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2687.0
Question 30: What was the max OCPD rating per string for our system?

A: 15 A.
B: 10 A.
C: 30 A.
D: 14 A.
Question 31: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2688.0
Question 31: The total current on the PV output circuit from the PV modules is 24.54 amps. After adjusting for
continuous duty and irradiance, what is the calculated ampacity?

A: 38.3 A.
B: 36.3 A.
C: 30.7 A.
D: 24.5 A.
Question 32: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2679.0
Question 32: With the help of a string sizer, we decided to install 11 modules in series in 3 parallel strings. Our
module Vmp was 30 volts. What was our DC system voltage?

A: 407 V.
B: 240 V.
C: 330 V.
D: 111 V.
Question 33: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2683.0
Question 33: Which of the following does NOT affect wire sizing?
Page 7 ©2013 JADE Learning, Inc.
Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems - FL Author: David Burtt

A: Voltage drop.
B: Continuous duty.
C: Cell type.
D: Location.
Question 34: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2677.0
Question 34: What kind of system did we design for our 7 kW installation?

A: Grid-tied with battery backup.
B: Off-grid.
C: Grid-tied.
D: Grid-tied with generator backup.
Question 35: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2678.0
Question 35: Which of the following did we use for our location's minimum temperature?

A: Average Low Temperature.
B: Record Low Temperature.
C: ASHRAE 100 Year Low Temperature.
D: ASHRAE Extreme Annual Mean Minimum Dry Bulb Temperature.
Question 36: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2689.0
Question 36: What was the maximum operating current in our 7kW system? (Hint: Look at the inverter.)

A: 37 A.
B: 29 A.
C: 34 A.
D: 32 A.
Question 37: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2682.0
Question 37: Which of the following is true about connectors on PV modules?

A: They cannot be a latching or locking type.
B: They must be a latching or locking type.
C: They must contain the marking: "AC Source Circuits."
D: They must be labeled "Sunlight Resistant".
Question 38: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2680.0
Question 38: With the help of a string sizer, we decided to install 11 modules in series in 3 parallel strings. Our
module Isc was 8.18 A. Not taking any other factors into account, what was our DC system amperage?

A: 89.98 A.
B: 24.54 A.
Page 8 ©2013 JADE Learning, Inc.
Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems - FL Author: David Burtt
C: 37.0 A.
D: 65.21 A.
Question 39: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2681.0
Question 39: Which of the following wire types are used to connect PV modules?

A: PV wire or USE-2.
B: RHW-2 or RHH.
C: RHW-2 or THHN.
D: XHHW or PV wire.
Question 40: 7 kW System Design - Array Question.
Question ID#: 2684.0
Question 40: Which of the following is the multiplier used to account for irradiance when sizing PV circuit
conductors?

A: 1.78.
B: 1.16.
C: 1.56.
D: 1.25.
7 kW System Design - Signage Activity
Question 41: 7 kW System Design - Signage Question.
Question ID#: 2693.0
Question 41: Which of the following is required if a building has both a utility service and a PV system?

A: The contact information for the PV installer.
B: A permanent plaque or directory identifying the location of each power source disconnecting means.
C: The nameplate rating of the inverter.
D: A label with the location of the AC disconnecting means.
Question 42: 7 kW System Design - Signage Question.
Question ID#: 2694.0
Question 42: A warning label applied by the _________ must be on the utility-interactive inverter stating the
following: WARNING ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD--- IF A GROUND FAULT IS INDICATED, NORMALLY GROUNDED
CONDUCTORS MAY BE UNGROUNDED AND ENERGIZED.

A: Power company.
B: Home owner.
C: Inspector.
D: Installer.
Page 9 ©2013 JADE Learning, Inc.
Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems - FL Author: David Burtt
Question 43: 7 kW System Design - Signage Question.
Question ID#: 2696.0
Question 43: A permanent label must be applied by the installer at the PV DC power source disconnect and must
indicate all of the following EXCEPT:

A: The short circuit current.
B: The number of modules wired in series.
C: The rated maximum power point current and voltage.
D: The maximum system voltage.
Question 44: 7 kW System Design - Signage Question.
Question ID#: 2695.0
Question 44: PV power source conductors must be marked with which of the following phrases?

A: Photovoltaic DC Wiring.
B: Source Circuit Wiring.
C: Photovoltaic Power Source.
D: Photovoltaic Conductors.
Question 45: 7 kW System Design - Signage Question.
Question ID#: 2697.0
Question 45: PV systems with Ground Fault protection shall have a label stating the following (generally located
at the inverter):

A: WARNING ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD IF A GROUND FAULT IS INDICATED, NORMALLY GROUNDED
CONDUCTORS MAY BE UNGROUNDED AND ENERGIZED.
B: WARNING ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD - LINE AND LOAD MAY BE ENERGIZED IN OPEN POSITION.
C: WARNING ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD.
D: THIS PANEL FED BY MULTIPLE SOURCES WHICH INCLUDE GROUND FAULT PROTECTION.
Grounding Activity
Question 46: Grounding Question.
Question ID#: 2699.0
Question 46: A(n) ____________________ must be installed between a photovoltaic array and other equipment.

A: Main bonding jumper.
B: Equipment grounding conductor.
C: System bonding jumper.
D: Grounded conductor.
Question 47: Grounding Question.
Question ID#: 2703.0
Question 47: Which of the following statements about system grounding for PV systems is true?
Page 10 ©2013 JADE Learning, Inc.
Introduction to Photovoltaic Systems - FL Author: David Burtt

A: The PV grounding system is required to have a separate grounding electrode.
B: The PV grounding system and the utility AC system should be bonded together.
C: The PV grounding system cannot have a separate grounding electrode.
D: The PV grounding system and the utility AC system should be kept separate
Question 48: Grounding Question.
Question ID#: 2701.0
Question 48: The DC Grounding Electrode Conductor is sized in accordance with _______.

A: 250.166.
B: 250.122.
C: 250.121.
D: 250.66.
Question 49: Grounding Question.
Question ID#: 2702.0
Question 49: Where exposed and subject to physical damage, array equipment grounding conductors smaller
than _______ AWG must be protected by a raceway or cable armor.

A: #10.
B: #8.
C: #6.
D: #4.
Question 50: Grounding Question.
Question ID#: 2700.0
Question 50: Equipment grounding conductors for PV circuits having overcurrent protection must be sized to the
rating of the PV circuit overcurrent device in accordance with ________.

A: 250.52.
B: Table 250.66.
C: 250.121.
D: Table 250.122.
Page 11 ©2013 JADE Learning, Inc.

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