Japanese
Content
Japanese I: Conversation J I C ti
Washtenaw Community College Kenji Yano, PhD Kenji Yano PhD
Japanese Writing
• Kanji: Chinese characters, each conveying an idea. • Hiragana: A phonetic script used together with kanji for verb endings, prepositions, etc. This is the standard writing style. • Katakana: Another phonetic script primarily reserved for transcribing foreign words into Japanese syllables. • Romaji (or Roman letters): Originally used by and for the benefit of foreigners who could not read Kanji or Hiragana. benefit of foreigners who could not read Kanji or Hiragana
Writing Examples
• Kanji: • Hiragana: • Katakana: • Romaji: 矢野 健治 やの けんじ ヤノ ケンジ Yano, Kenji
Pronunciation
• The Japanese language is easy to pronounce. It is made up of precise syllables that are based on just five vowels: A (as in ah) I (as in free) U (as in boo) E (as in met) O (as in so) O( i ) • All sounds are to be pronounced as one syllable All sounds are to be pronounced as one syllable.
Pronunciation (cont’d)
• Pronounce the Y as you do in the word “yes.” • The H and G sounds are pronounced as in “how” and “go.” • Th ’ There’re no true L or V sounds in Japanese; thus they don’t t L V d i J th th d ’t appear in the list of syllables. (p. 11‐12) • When the Japanese attempts to pronounce these sounds in English words, the L comes as R* and the V comes as B. • The R sound in Japanese resembles the R sound in Spanish.
Lesson 1: Introductions ‐ Identifying People and Things ‐ Identifying People and Things ‐
Verbs
• Japanese sentences end with the verb. The endings of verbs show the tense and whether they are positive or negative. • Present form:
– Habitual action (Mainichi kaisha ni ikimasu.) Habitual action (Mainichi kaisha – Future (Ashita kaerimasu.)
• Past form: Past form:
– Past (Kyoto ni ikimashita.) – Present perfect (Ima kimashita.)
Particles
• Wa (は) = As for… (topic marker) • Ka(か) = ? (question marker) • No(の) = ‘s (possessive particle)
…wa…desu wa desu
(…は…です) •
Topic
wa
Something
desu.
•
Topic p
is . is
Something g
I’m Mr. Smith.
Watashi わたし • Watashi = I • Sumisu = Smith wa は Sumisu スミス desu. です
I’m Smith from ABC.
Watashi wa ABC no Sumisu desu. わたし は ABC の スミス です。 • No (の) = ‘s, belongs to…, works for…
My name’s Smith.
Watashi no namae わたし の なまえ • Namae = name wa Sumisu は スミス desu. です。
This is Mrs. Tanaka.
Kochira wa Tanaka‐san desu. こちら は たなかさん です。 • Kochira = this one, this person here (polite) • ‐san = a title of respect
– – – – Cannot be used after one’s own name May be used with both male and female names May be used with either surname or given name May be used with the name of an occupation
…wa…dewa arimasen d i
(…は…ではありません) •
Topic
wa
Something
dewa arimasen.
•
Topic p
isn t . isn’t
Something g
Mr. Tanaka is not a lawyer.
Tanaka‐san wa たなかさん は bengoshi べんごし dewa arimasen. ではありません。
• Bengoshi = lawyer
…wa…desu k d ka
(…は…ですか) •
Topic
wa
Something
desu ka.
• Is Is ? ?
Topic p
Something g
Are you Mr. Smith?
Anata wa あなた は • Anata = you Sumisu‐san desu ka. スミスさん ですか。
Hai (はい)
Topic • Hai, wa Something
desu.
• That’s right That s right, is . is
Topic p
Something g
That’s right, I’m Mr. Smith.
Hai, watashi はい、わたし wa Sumisu desu. は スミス です。
Iie (いいえ)
Topic • Iie, wa Something
dewa arimasen. arimasen
• That’s wrong That s wrong, isn t . isn’t
Topic p
Something g
That’s wrong, I’m not Mrs. Smith.
Iie, watashi wa いいえ、わたし は Sumisu スミス dewa arimasen. ではありません。
Negative Questions
Ja, banana ga arimasen ka. Hai, arimasen. Iie, arimasu. So, there are no bananas? That’s right, there are none. That’s wrong, there are some.
Is, Isn’t, Was, Wasn’t
Present Form Aff. Desu Neg. Dewa arimasen Aff. Deshita Past Form Neg. Dewa arimasendeshita
Lesson 2: Lesson 2: Address & Telephone Number
Phone # (03) 3400‐9031
• “Zero‐san” no “san‐yon‐zero‐zero” no “kyu‐zero‐san‐ichi.”
0 zero/rei 0 zero/rei 1 ichi 2 ni 3 san 4 shi/yon 5 go 6 roku
7 shichi/nana 7 shichi/nana 8 hachi y / 9 kyu/ku 10 ju 11 juichi 12 juni 13 jusan
14 jushi/juyon 14 jushi/juyon 15 jugo j 16 juroku 17 jushichi/junana 18 juhachi 19 jukyu/juku 20 niju
Possessive Particle “no (の)”
• • • • • • Watashi no meishi (my business card) Tanaka‐san no namae (Mr. Tanaka’s name) * Kaisha no namae (company name) Kaisha no denwa‐bango (company’s telephone number) Uchi no denwa‐bango (home telephone number) Dare no hon ( h D h (whose book) b k)
* In conversational Japanese, anata is often omitted, especially when addressing superiors.
This is a business card This is a business card (These are business cards.) ( )
Kore これ wa は meishi desu. めいし です
• Kore = This • Meishi = Business card
This is not a business card.
Kore これ wa は meishi dewaarimasen. めいし ではありません。
• Kore = This • Meishi = Business card
This is Ms. Tanaka’s watch.
Kore これ wa は Tanaka‐san no (tokei) desu. たなかさん の (とけい) です。
• Kore = This • Tokei = Watch, clock
The company s telephone number is The company’s telephone number is ( ) (03)‐3400‐9031
Kaisha no denwa‐bangō wa (03)‐3400‐9031 desu. かいしゃ の でわばんごう は (03)‐3400‐9031 です。 • Kaisha = company • Denwa = telephone = telephone • Bangō = number
Kaisha no desu
• Short for “Kaisha no denwa‐bango desu.” • Watashi no desu. • Tanaka‐san no desu. It’s mine. It’s Mrs. Tanaka’s.
Ee so desu
• Same as: “Hai, so desu” • Ee is less formal than Hai.
Kore wa nani/nan desu ka?
• What is this? • Short forms: Kore wa? Sore wa? Are wa?
Lesson 3: Lesson 3: Day & Time
It’s 10 A.M. now.
Ima いま gozen ごぜん 10‐ji desu. 10じ です。
• Ima = now • Gozen = A.M. • Ji = o’clock
Lunch time is from 12:00 to 1:30.
Hiru‐yasumi wa 12‐ji kara ひるやすみ は 12じ から 1‐ji han made desu. 1じ はん まで です。 • • • • Hiru = noon Yasumi = rest (period) Han = half 1‐ji han = half past 1
Today is June 18.
Kyō wa きょう は • Kyō = today y y • ‐gatsu = month y • ‐nichi = day 6‐gatsu 18‐nichi desu. 6がつ 18にち です。
Tomorrow is Ms. Hayashi’s birthday.
Ashita wa Hayashi‐san no あした は はやしさん の tanjōbi desu. たんじょうび です。 • Ashita = tomorrow • Tanjōbi = birthday
Yesterday was Friday.
Kinō きのう wa は kin‐yōbi きんようび deshita. でした。
• Kinō = yesterday y y • ‐yōbi = day of the week y y • Kin‐yōbi = Friday
Yesterday was not Thursday.
Kinō wa moku‐yōbi きのう は もくようび dewa arimasendeshita. では ありませんでした。 • Moku‐yōbi = Thursday y y
Sumimasen
• • • • Excuse me I’m sorry Pardon me Pardon me Thank you
Nan‐ji kara/made desu ka
• Nan‐ji desu ka. j • Nan‐ji kara desu ka. Nan ji Ju‐ji kara desu. • Nan‐ji made desu ka. Roku‐ji made desu. Roku ji made desu What time is it? From what time? From what time? From 10 o’clock Until what time? Until 6 o clock Until 6 o’clock
Gozen / Gogo
• Gozen ju‐ji kara desu. j j • Gogo roku‐ji made desu. roku ji made desu. From 10 AM Until 6 PM Until 6 PM
How to ask when
• • • • • What time (hour)? ( ) Which day of the week? Which day of the month? Which day of the month? Which month? When (time in general)? When (time in general)? Nan‐ji j Nan‐yobi Nan nichi Nan‐nichi Nan‐gatsu Itsu
Lesson 4: Lesson 4: How Much?
This is a watch.
Kore これ wa は tokei desu.
とけい です。
• tokei = watch/clock /
That is a watch, too.
Sore mo tokei それ も desu.
とけい です。
That one (over there) is ¥3,000.
Are wa あれ は 3,000‐yen desu. 3,000えん です。
Give this one, please.
Kore o kudasai.
これ を ください。 • Kudasai = please give me …
Give me that one (over there), too, Give me that one (over there) too p please.
Are mo kudasai. あれ も ください。
Particle “Mo”
• Means “too, also, either.” , , • Used in both affirmative and negative sentences. Used in both affirmative and negative sentences. – Sore wa 3,000‐en desu. Kore mo 3 000‐en desu 3,000 en desu. – Kore wa watashi no kasa (umbrella) dewa arimasen. Sore mo Sore mo watashi no dewa arimasen no dewa arimasen.
Sore o kudasai
• The object + “o” (direct object marker) + kudasai. j ( j ) = Please give me …. • Banana o kudasai. = Please give me some bananas. = Please give me some bananas
Sore o (mise‐te) kudasai
• The object + “O” + verb (te‐form) + kudasai. j ( ) – Sore o mise‐te kudasai. Sore o mise te – Chotto mat‐te kudasai. – Denwa o shi‐te kudasai o shi te kudasai. Please show me that. Please show me that. Please wait a moment. Please call. Please call
Ja/Dewa
• Well or well then. • Used as an interjection expressing conclusion or Used as an interjection expressing conclusion or resignation. – Ja, sore o kudasai ,
Ikura
• Means “how much.” • Kono hon wa ikura desu ka. (How much is this book?) ka. (How much is this book?)
Irasshaimase Arigato gozaimasu g g
• Irasshaimase! = Come in! / Welcome! / – Greeting to customers. • Arigato gozaimasu = Thank you very much.
Lesson 5: Lesson 5: Counting Objects
This camera is ¥25,000.
Kono kamera wa 25,000‐en desu この カメラ は 25,000えん です。
This apples is ¥200
Kono この ringo wa 200‐en desu. 200えん です。
りんご は
This is a Japanese camera.
Kore wa nihon これ は no kamera カメラ desu. です。
にほん の
Please give me three of Please give me three of those small batteries.
Sono chiisai denchi o mittsu o mittsu kudasai.
その ちいさい でんち を みっつ ください。 みっ • Chiisai = small • Denchi = battery
Japanese numerical systems
• The hitotsu, futatsu, mittsu system (Japanese) –O l Only goes as far as 10, after which f 10 ft hi h the ichi, ni, san system is used – Used independently di d d l • The ichi, ni, san system (Chinese) – Used with a counter (suffix) – See handout (39. Counters)
Kamera‐ya
• Means not only “camera store” but also the store y owner/clerk – – – – Hana‐ya (flower shop) Sakana‐ya (fish shop) y ( p) Hon‐ya (book store) Kutsu ya (shoe store) Kutsu‐ya (shoe store)
Kono, Sono, Ano, Dono Kono Sono Ano Dono ( (used with nouns) )
• Kono kamera = this camera near the speaker p • Sono kamera = that camera near the person spoken to that camera near the person spoken to • Ano kamera = that camera not near either person = that camera not near either person • Dono kamera = which camera = which camera
Kore, Sore, Are, Dore
• Kore = this (something near the speaker) • Sore = that (something near the person spoken to) • Are = that (something not near either person) • Dore = which Can’t say “kore/sore/are/dore kamera.”
Ikura desu ka
Q: Ikura desu ka = How much? A: 25,000‐en desu = It’s 25,000 yen.
Sore o kudasai
• ….. + o + kudasai. = Please give me …... – – – – Kore Sore Are Banana
Sorekara
• A connective placed at the beginning of a new sentence p g g to connect it to the previous one – – – – And And then After that In addition In addition
Appendices:
Ten Favorite Japanese Expressions
• • • • • • • • • Yatta (I did it!): Use when you accomplished something big, receive a great opportunity or feel victorious. Honto (Really?): Use it to confirm what you’ve just heard. A, so desu ka (Oh, I see): Use it every time your conversational partner provides a new piece of information. Be sure to nod as you say this expression. Mochiron (Of course!): This is the favorite adverb of confident people. Use it when you are confident in your opinion. A, yokatta (Oh, good): Use it every time you feel like saying “What a relief.” Zenzen (not at all): Suppose someone asks you, “Am I disturbing you?” when he’s not bothering you at all. Say it and shake your head. Doshiyo (What shall I do?): Use when you are in a panic and have no idea what to do. A, bikkurishita (What a surprise!): Use when you are very surprised. A bikk i hit (Wh t i !) U h i d Yappari (I knew it would happen): Sometimes you have a vague suspicion that something will happen, and then it actually happens.
Ten+1 things never to do in Japan
• • • • • • • • • • • Don’t stick chopsticks into the rice (food). Don’t blow your nose in public. But slurping noodles is fine. Don’t walk in the house with your shoes on. y Don’t say your mom is pretty. If someone tells you so, deny it. Don’t wash yourself in the bathtub. Don t say san after your own name. Don’t say –san after your own name. Don’t kiss on the lips in public. Don’t kiss or hug. This doesn’t mean they are not affectionate. They aren’t simply used to it. Don’t rip the wrapping paper off presents. Gift wrapping is part of the presentation. It will break p pp g p p p pp g p p her/his heart. Don’t use first names or Anata with your boss or teacher. Call them as “sensei” or titles or –san following the last name. Don’t take the first “No thanks” literally. They usually say it once even if they want it. They usually accept your offer after the second or the third time. Don’t start eating without saying “itadakimasu.” It means: “I humbly receive this food.” If you are eating with bunch of people, don’t start eating until your host or hostess tells you to start. are eating ith b nch of people don’t start eating ntil o r host or hostess tells o to start When finished, say “gochisosama deshita,” which means “it was great feast.”
Washtenaw Community College Kenji Yano, PhD Kenji Yano PhD
Japanese Writing
• Kanji: Chinese characters, each conveying an idea. • Hiragana: A phonetic script used together with kanji for verb endings, prepositions, etc. This is the standard writing style. • Katakana: Another phonetic script primarily reserved for transcribing foreign words into Japanese syllables. • Romaji (or Roman letters): Originally used by and for the benefit of foreigners who could not read Kanji or Hiragana. benefit of foreigners who could not read Kanji or Hiragana
Writing Examples
• Kanji: • Hiragana: • Katakana: • Romaji: 矢野 健治 やの けんじ ヤノ ケンジ Yano, Kenji
Pronunciation
• The Japanese language is easy to pronounce. It is made up of precise syllables that are based on just five vowels: A (as in ah) I (as in free) U (as in boo) E (as in met) O (as in so) O( i ) • All sounds are to be pronounced as one syllable All sounds are to be pronounced as one syllable.
Pronunciation (cont’d)
• Pronounce the Y as you do in the word “yes.” • The H and G sounds are pronounced as in “how” and “go.” • Th ’ There’re no true L or V sounds in Japanese; thus they don’t t L V d i J th th d ’t appear in the list of syllables. (p. 11‐12) • When the Japanese attempts to pronounce these sounds in English words, the L comes as R* and the V comes as B. • The R sound in Japanese resembles the R sound in Spanish.
Lesson 1: Introductions ‐ Identifying People and Things ‐ Identifying People and Things ‐
Verbs
• Japanese sentences end with the verb. The endings of verbs show the tense and whether they are positive or negative. • Present form:
– Habitual action (Mainichi kaisha ni ikimasu.) Habitual action (Mainichi kaisha – Future (Ashita kaerimasu.)
• Past form: Past form:
– Past (Kyoto ni ikimashita.) – Present perfect (Ima kimashita.)
Particles
• Wa (は) = As for… (topic marker) • Ka(か) = ? (question marker) • No(の) = ‘s (possessive particle)
…wa…desu wa desu
(…は…です) •
Topic
wa
Something
desu.
•
Topic p
is . is
Something g
I’m Mr. Smith.
Watashi わたし • Watashi = I • Sumisu = Smith wa は Sumisu スミス desu. です
I’m Smith from ABC.
Watashi wa ABC no Sumisu desu. わたし は ABC の スミス です。 • No (の) = ‘s, belongs to…, works for…
My name’s Smith.
Watashi no namae わたし の なまえ • Namae = name wa Sumisu は スミス desu. です。
This is Mrs. Tanaka.
Kochira wa Tanaka‐san desu. こちら は たなかさん です。 • Kochira = this one, this person here (polite) • ‐san = a title of respect
– – – – Cannot be used after one’s own name May be used with both male and female names May be used with either surname or given name May be used with the name of an occupation
…wa…dewa arimasen d i
(…は…ではありません) •
Topic
wa
Something
dewa arimasen.
•
Topic p
isn t . isn’t
Something g
Mr. Tanaka is not a lawyer.
Tanaka‐san wa たなかさん は bengoshi べんごし dewa arimasen. ではありません。
• Bengoshi = lawyer
…wa…desu k d ka
(…は…ですか) •
Topic
wa
Something
desu ka.
• Is Is ? ?
Topic p
Something g
Are you Mr. Smith?
Anata wa あなた は • Anata = you Sumisu‐san desu ka. スミスさん ですか。
Hai (はい)
Topic • Hai, wa Something
desu.
• That’s right That s right, is . is
Topic p
Something g
That’s right, I’m Mr. Smith.
Hai, watashi はい、わたし wa Sumisu desu. は スミス です。
Iie (いいえ)
Topic • Iie, wa Something
dewa arimasen. arimasen
• That’s wrong That s wrong, isn t . isn’t
Topic p
Something g
That’s wrong, I’m not Mrs. Smith.
Iie, watashi wa いいえ、わたし は Sumisu スミス dewa arimasen. ではありません。
Negative Questions
Ja, banana ga arimasen ka. Hai, arimasen. Iie, arimasu. So, there are no bananas? That’s right, there are none. That’s wrong, there are some.
Is, Isn’t, Was, Wasn’t
Present Form Aff. Desu Neg. Dewa arimasen Aff. Deshita Past Form Neg. Dewa arimasendeshita
Lesson 2: Lesson 2: Address & Telephone Number
Phone # (03) 3400‐9031
• “Zero‐san” no “san‐yon‐zero‐zero” no “kyu‐zero‐san‐ichi.”
0 zero/rei 0 zero/rei 1 ichi 2 ni 3 san 4 shi/yon 5 go 6 roku
7 shichi/nana 7 shichi/nana 8 hachi y / 9 kyu/ku 10 ju 11 juichi 12 juni 13 jusan
14 jushi/juyon 14 jushi/juyon 15 jugo j 16 juroku 17 jushichi/junana 18 juhachi 19 jukyu/juku 20 niju
Possessive Particle “no (の)”
• • • • • • Watashi no meishi (my business card) Tanaka‐san no namae (Mr. Tanaka’s name) * Kaisha no namae (company name) Kaisha no denwa‐bango (company’s telephone number) Uchi no denwa‐bango (home telephone number) Dare no hon ( h D h (whose book) b k)
* In conversational Japanese, anata is often omitted, especially when addressing superiors.
This is a business card This is a business card (These are business cards.) ( )
Kore これ wa は meishi desu. めいし です
• Kore = This • Meishi = Business card
This is not a business card.
Kore これ wa は meishi dewaarimasen. めいし ではありません。
• Kore = This • Meishi = Business card
This is Ms. Tanaka’s watch.
Kore これ wa は Tanaka‐san no (tokei) desu. たなかさん の (とけい) です。
• Kore = This • Tokei = Watch, clock
The company s telephone number is The company’s telephone number is ( ) (03)‐3400‐9031
Kaisha no denwa‐bangō wa (03)‐3400‐9031 desu. かいしゃ の でわばんごう は (03)‐3400‐9031 です。 • Kaisha = company • Denwa = telephone = telephone • Bangō = number
Kaisha no desu
• Short for “Kaisha no denwa‐bango desu.” • Watashi no desu. • Tanaka‐san no desu. It’s mine. It’s Mrs. Tanaka’s.
Ee so desu
• Same as: “Hai, so desu” • Ee is less formal than Hai.
Kore wa nani/nan desu ka?
• What is this? • Short forms: Kore wa? Sore wa? Are wa?
Lesson 3: Lesson 3: Day & Time
It’s 10 A.M. now.
Ima いま gozen ごぜん 10‐ji desu. 10じ です。
• Ima = now • Gozen = A.M. • Ji = o’clock
Lunch time is from 12:00 to 1:30.
Hiru‐yasumi wa 12‐ji kara ひるやすみ は 12じ から 1‐ji han made desu. 1じ はん まで です。 • • • • Hiru = noon Yasumi = rest (period) Han = half 1‐ji han = half past 1
Today is June 18.
Kyō wa きょう は • Kyō = today y y • ‐gatsu = month y • ‐nichi = day 6‐gatsu 18‐nichi desu. 6がつ 18にち です。
Tomorrow is Ms. Hayashi’s birthday.
Ashita wa Hayashi‐san no あした は はやしさん の tanjōbi desu. たんじょうび です。 • Ashita = tomorrow • Tanjōbi = birthday
Yesterday was Friday.
Kinō きのう wa は kin‐yōbi きんようび deshita. でした。
• Kinō = yesterday y y • ‐yōbi = day of the week y y • Kin‐yōbi = Friday
Yesterday was not Thursday.
Kinō wa moku‐yōbi きのう は もくようび dewa arimasendeshita. では ありませんでした。 • Moku‐yōbi = Thursday y y
Sumimasen
• • • • Excuse me I’m sorry Pardon me Pardon me Thank you
Nan‐ji kara/made desu ka
• Nan‐ji desu ka. j • Nan‐ji kara desu ka. Nan ji Ju‐ji kara desu. • Nan‐ji made desu ka. Roku‐ji made desu. Roku ji made desu What time is it? From what time? From what time? From 10 o’clock Until what time? Until 6 o clock Until 6 o’clock
Gozen / Gogo
• Gozen ju‐ji kara desu. j j • Gogo roku‐ji made desu. roku ji made desu. From 10 AM Until 6 PM Until 6 PM
How to ask when
• • • • • What time (hour)? ( ) Which day of the week? Which day of the month? Which day of the month? Which month? When (time in general)? When (time in general)? Nan‐ji j Nan‐yobi Nan nichi Nan‐nichi Nan‐gatsu Itsu
Lesson 4: Lesson 4: How Much?
This is a watch.
Kore これ wa は tokei desu.
とけい です。
• tokei = watch/clock /
That is a watch, too.
Sore mo tokei それ も desu.
とけい です。
That one (over there) is ¥3,000.
Are wa あれ は 3,000‐yen desu. 3,000えん です。
Give this one, please.
Kore o kudasai.
これ を ください。 • Kudasai = please give me …
Give me that one (over there), too, Give me that one (over there) too p please.
Are mo kudasai. あれ も ください。
Particle “Mo”
• Means “too, also, either.” , , • Used in both affirmative and negative sentences. Used in both affirmative and negative sentences. – Sore wa 3,000‐en desu. Kore mo 3 000‐en desu 3,000 en desu. – Kore wa watashi no kasa (umbrella) dewa arimasen. Sore mo Sore mo watashi no dewa arimasen no dewa arimasen.
Sore o kudasai
• The object + “o” (direct object marker) + kudasai. j ( j ) = Please give me …. • Banana o kudasai. = Please give me some bananas. = Please give me some bananas
Sore o (mise‐te) kudasai
• The object + “O” + verb (te‐form) + kudasai. j ( ) – Sore o mise‐te kudasai. Sore o mise te – Chotto mat‐te kudasai. – Denwa o shi‐te kudasai o shi te kudasai. Please show me that. Please show me that. Please wait a moment. Please call. Please call
Ja/Dewa
• Well or well then. • Used as an interjection expressing conclusion or Used as an interjection expressing conclusion or resignation. – Ja, sore o kudasai ,
Ikura
• Means “how much.” • Kono hon wa ikura desu ka. (How much is this book?) ka. (How much is this book?)
Irasshaimase Arigato gozaimasu g g
• Irasshaimase! = Come in! / Welcome! / – Greeting to customers. • Arigato gozaimasu = Thank you very much.
Lesson 5: Lesson 5: Counting Objects
This camera is ¥25,000.
Kono kamera wa 25,000‐en desu この カメラ は 25,000えん です。
This apples is ¥200
Kono この ringo wa 200‐en desu. 200えん です。
りんご は
This is a Japanese camera.
Kore wa nihon これ は no kamera カメラ desu. です。
にほん の
Please give me three of Please give me three of those small batteries.
Sono chiisai denchi o mittsu o mittsu kudasai.
その ちいさい でんち を みっつ ください。 みっ • Chiisai = small • Denchi = battery
Japanese numerical systems
• The hitotsu, futatsu, mittsu system (Japanese) –O l Only goes as far as 10, after which f 10 ft hi h the ichi, ni, san system is used – Used independently di d d l • The ichi, ni, san system (Chinese) – Used with a counter (suffix) – See handout (39. Counters)
Kamera‐ya
• Means not only “camera store” but also the store y owner/clerk – – – – Hana‐ya (flower shop) Sakana‐ya (fish shop) y ( p) Hon‐ya (book store) Kutsu ya (shoe store) Kutsu‐ya (shoe store)
Kono, Sono, Ano, Dono Kono Sono Ano Dono ( (used with nouns) )
• Kono kamera = this camera near the speaker p • Sono kamera = that camera near the person spoken to that camera near the person spoken to • Ano kamera = that camera not near either person = that camera not near either person • Dono kamera = which camera = which camera
Kore, Sore, Are, Dore
• Kore = this (something near the speaker) • Sore = that (something near the person spoken to) • Are = that (something not near either person) • Dore = which Can’t say “kore/sore/are/dore kamera.”
Ikura desu ka
Q: Ikura desu ka = How much? A: 25,000‐en desu = It’s 25,000 yen.
Sore o kudasai
• ….. + o + kudasai. = Please give me …... – – – – Kore Sore Are Banana
Sorekara
• A connective placed at the beginning of a new sentence p g g to connect it to the previous one – – – – And And then After that In addition In addition
Appendices:
Ten Favorite Japanese Expressions
• • • • • • • • • Yatta (I did it!): Use when you accomplished something big, receive a great opportunity or feel victorious. Honto (Really?): Use it to confirm what you’ve just heard. A, so desu ka (Oh, I see): Use it every time your conversational partner provides a new piece of information. Be sure to nod as you say this expression. Mochiron (Of course!): This is the favorite adverb of confident people. Use it when you are confident in your opinion. A, yokatta (Oh, good): Use it every time you feel like saying “What a relief.” Zenzen (not at all): Suppose someone asks you, “Am I disturbing you?” when he’s not bothering you at all. Say it and shake your head. Doshiyo (What shall I do?): Use when you are in a panic and have no idea what to do. A, bikkurishita (What a surprise!): Use when you are very surprised. A bikk i hit (Wh t i !) U h i d Yappari (I knew it would happen): Sometimes you have a vague suspicion that something will happen, and then it actually happens.
Ten+1 things never to do in Japan
• • • • • • • • • • • Don’t stick chopsticks into the rice (food). Don’t blow your nose in public. But slurping noodles is fine. Don’t walk in the house with your shoes on. y Don’t say your mom is pretty. If someone tells you so, deny it. Don’t wash yourself in the bathtub. Don t say san after your own name. Don’t say –san after your own name. Don’t kiss on the lips in public. Don’t kiss or hug. This doesn’t mean they are not affectionate. They aren’t simply used to it. Don’t rip the wrapping paper off presents. Gift wrapping is part of the presentation. It will break p pp g p p p pp g p p her/his heart. Don’t use first names or Anata with your boss or teacher. Call them as “sensei” or titles or –san following the last name. Don’t take the first “No thanks” literally. They usually say it once even if they want it. They usually accept your offer after the second or the third time. Don’t start eating without saying “itadakimasu.” It means: “I humbly receive this food.” If you are eating with bunch of people, don’t start eating until your host or hostess tells you to start. are eating ith b nch of people don’t start eating ntil o r host or hostess tells o to start When finished, say “gochisosama deshita,” which means “it was great feast.”
