Ladder and self closing gate for storage tank
Content
CCE
Competence Center Engineering - Ludwigshafen
LU-S-CL 012
Standard Civil, Infrastructure & Master Planning - Basics
Page
1 of 15
Ladders for industrial structures
Issue
Feb 2002
This Standard supersedes Works Standard 39-004 Edition
Contents Page
t f a h c s l l e s e g n e i t k A F S A B 4 0 0 2
1
Scope
1
2
General
1
3
Dimensions, Terms
2
4
Design
3
5
Components
14
Standards and other documents referred to
14
Further standards and documents
15
Amendments
15 Dimensions in mm
1
Scope
This Works Standard shall be applied to the design and fabrication of ladders. For ladders on apparatus and vessels refer to WN 7-333 (LU-S-MC 258).
2
General
Ladders designed for rising heights > 2.5 m to 5 m shall have a cage hoop, where practical. (refer to Fig. 1) Ladders designed for rising heights > 5 m must have a cage hoop. The rising height of a ladder with cage hoop must not exceed 10 m. For ladder heights > 10 m which require several ladders to be provided, intermediate landings shall be installed. (refer to Fig. 2) The cage hoop shall start at a height of 2 200 (in the area of ramps at 3 000) above floor. The ladder shall be attached by means of bolts at the locating point and the points of sliding rest. (refer to Figs. 9 through 11) Ladders for which the potential spacing for attachment is a)
Spacing
b)
Spacing > 4 500 to 10 000
≤
4 500
≥
3 500 shall have reinforced stiles.
Pipe 60.3 x 3.6 Channel 100
For a) and b) in the exit area, however, reduction to 48.3 x 3.6. Welds:
Execution to DIN 18800-1
Corrosion protection: protection:
by hot-dip galvanizing to DIN DIN EN ISO 1461
Fabrication tolerances: tolerances : General tolerances for welded structures to DIN EN ISO 13920 Tolerance class A Published: 7 Intranet 7 Extranet Technical Documentation and Standardization
For internal use only lu-s-cl_012_en.doc / 22.07.2004
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 2
3
Dimensions, Terms Exit
6 . t 3 h g x i e 3 . h 8 g 4 n i s Ø i e r p i P
FP = Locating point
Figure 1:
LP = Point of sliding rest
Ladder with side exit
Figure 2:
Ladders > 5 000 to 10 000
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 3
4
Design
Figure 3: Ladder end for side step
Exit
Flat 30 x 12
Figure 4: Cage hoop
Flat 30 x 12
Figure 5:
Cage hoop for side Stepp
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 4
Section X
Tread
Figure 6: Stile for exit to the front
Figure 7: Exit to steel platform
Figure 8: Exit to reinforced-concrete platform
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 5 Ladder attachment configurations Connection strap welded to structural component
Figure 9:
Connectors for attachment of ladders
Figure 10: Locating point for ladder attachment
Figure 11: Vertical slotted ladder connection 2) Length of clip or angle depending on local conditions
Connecting angle bolted to structural component
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 6
(Basic dimension)
View A Standard safety gate = 700 wide (For landing depth < 1085 smaller safety gates are required.)
1)
Single post with special end link
Figure 12:
Side step with landing
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 7
1) Single post with end link (refer to Fig. 12)
Figure 13:
Ladder with intermediate landing and protective railing
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 8
Floor plate
Floor-plate detail
Mounting clips
Grating floor plate SP Design (Stamped and welded grating)
Figure 14:
Ladder with floor plate
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 9
(Basic dimension)
Floor plate
1)
Single post with end link (refer to Fig. 12)
2)
Design of floor plate (refer to Fig. 14)
Figure 15: Ladder with intermediate landing and gate
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 10
(Basic dimension)
1)
Single post with end link (refer to Fig. 12)
Figure 16: Ladder with intermediate landing, gate and protective railing
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 11
(Basic dimension)
1)
Single post with end link (refer to Fig. 12)
2)
Safety gate 600 wide
Figure 17: Ladder opening with pass-around, gate and protective railing
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 12
Figure 18: View Z of Fig. 17 (ladder opening with pass-around)
Figure 19: Section B-B of Fig. 17 (ladder opening with pass-around)
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 13
g n i l i a r
e v i t c g e n t i l o r i p a r h h t i t i w w 0 0 0 0 6 6 1 1 < >
Figure 20:
Ladder with landing and railing or protective railing
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 14
5
Components
Table 1 Item No.
Description
1
Stile
2
Ladder
Ladder rung
1)
Material
Pipe 48.3 x 3.6 DIN 2448 or DIN 2458
St 37.0 DIN 1629 or DIN 1626
Round 25
DIN 1013-1
S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025
3
End cap
Cap 48.3 x 3.6
DIN 2617
S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025
4
Cage hoop
Flat 30 x 12
DIN 1017-1
S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025
5.1
Clip
DIN 1017-1 DIN 1017-1
5.2
Angle
Flat 120 x 10 Flat 120 x 10 or Angle
S235JRG2 S235JRG2 S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025 DIN EN 10025 DIN EN 10025
Ladder clip
Flat 120 x 10
DIN 1017-1
S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025
Hex bolt
M 16 x 45 Mu
DIN 7990
4.6
DIN EN ISO 898-1
Washer
A 18
DIN 7989-2
St
Hex bolt
M 16 x 45
DIN 7990
4.6
DIN EN ISO 898-1
Cap nut
M 16
DIN 1587
5
DIN EN ISO 898-1
Tread
Grating SP 30
DIN 24537
S235JR
DIN EN 10025
Toeboard
Flat 130 x 10
DIN 1017-1
S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025
Support plate
Plate
DIN EN 10029
S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025
Support angle
Angle 50 x 5
DIN EN 10056-1 S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025
6 7
Ladder connection
8 9 10 11
Floor plate
12
DIN EN 10056-1
1) Where special service conditions prevail, such as presence of oil or grease, additional precautions shall be taken in conformity with ASR to ensure slide-down protection, e.g. profiled tread or a suitable encasing.
Standards and other documents referred to ASR 20
German Workplace Regulations; Steps and ladders
DIN 1013-1
Steel bars; Hot rolled round steel for general purposes; Dimensions, permissible variations for dimension and form
DIN 1017-1
Steel bars; Hot rolled flat steel for general purposes; Dimensions, weights, permissible variations
DIN 1587
Hexagon domed cap nuts
DIN 1626
Welded circular pipes made of unalloyed steels for special requirements; Technical delivery conditions
DIN 1629
Seamless circular pipes made of unalloyed steels for special requirements; Technical delivery conditions
DIN 2448
Seamless steel pipes and tubes; Dimensions and conventional masses per unit length
DIN 2458
Welded steel pipes and tubes; Dimensions and conventional masses per unit length
DIN 2617
Steel butt-welding pipe fittings; Caps, dimensions
DIN 7989-2
Washers for use on structural steelwork; Part 2: Product grade A
DIN 7990
Steel heagon head bolts for structural steel bolting for supply with hexagon nuts
DIN 18800-1
Structural steelwork; Design and construction
DIN 24537
Gratings; Dimensions and loadbearing capacity
DIN EN 10025
Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels; Technical delivery conditions
DIN EN 10029
Hot rolled steel sheet and plate 3 mm thick or above; Tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass
DIN EN 10056-1
Structural steel equal and unequal leg angles; Part 1: Dimensions
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 15 DIN EN 20898-2
Mechanical properties of fasteners; Part 2: Nuts with coarse pitch thread and specified proof load values
DIN EN ISO 898-1
Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel; Part 1: Bolts
DIN EN ISO 1461
Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles; Specifications and test methods
DIN EN ISO 13920
Welding; General tolerances for welded constructions; Lengths and angles; Shape and position (ISO 13920: 1996)
WN 7-333
Vertical ladders on equipment and vessels
LU-S-CL 013 (WN 39-005)
Safety doors for industrial structures
Further standards and documents DIN 18799-1
Fixed ladders; Part 1: Ladders with two stiles – Safety requirements and verification
DIN 24532
Fixed vertical ladders of steel
LU-S-CL 011 (WN 39-003)
Railing fabricated from steel for industrial structures
BGV D36 (VGB 74)
German Accident Prevention Code "Ladders and steps"
Amendments The following amendments have been made to the July 1997 edition: a) b) c)
Editorially revised; In Fig. 6, Section X, altered dimensions on bent stile Included footnote in Table 1 “Ladder rung”
Competence Center Engineering - Ludwigshafen
LU-S-CL 012
Standard Civil, Infrastructure & Master Planning - Basics
Page
1 of 15
Ladders for industrial structures
Issue
Feb 2002
This Standard supersedes Works Standard 39-004 Edition
Contents Page
t f a h c s l l e s e g n e i t k A F S A B 4 0 0 2
1
Scope
1
2
General
1
3
Dimensions, Terms
2
4
Design
3
5
Components
14
Standards and other documents referred to
14
Further standards and documents
15
Amendments
15 Dimensions in mm
1
Scope
This Works Standard shall be applied to the design and fabrication of ladders. For ladders on apparatus and vessels refer to WN 7-333 (LU-S-MC 258).
2
General
Ladders designed for rising heights > 2.5 m to 5 m shall have a cage hoop, where practical. (refer to Fig. 1) Ladders designed for rising heights > 5 m must have a cage hoop. The rising height of a ladder with cage hoop must not exceed 10 m. For ladder heights > 10 m which require several ladders to be provided, intermediate landings shall be installed. (refer to Fig. 2) The cage hoop shall start at a height of 2 200 (in the area of ramps at 3 000) above floor. The ladder shall be attached by means of bolts at the locating point and the points of sliding rest. (refer to Figs. 9 through 11) Ladders for which the potential spacing for attachment is a)
Spacing
b)
Spacing > 4 500 to 10 000
≤
4 500
≥
3 500 shall have reinforced stiles.
Pipe 60.3 x 3.6 Channel 100
For a) and b) in the exit area, however, reduction to 48.3 x 3.6. Welds:
Execution to DIN 18800-1
Corrosion protection: protection:
by hot-dip galvanizing to DIN DIN EN ISO 1461
Fabrication tolerances: tolerances : General tolerances for welded structures to DIN EN ISO 13920 Tolerance class A Published: 7 Intranet 7 Extranet Technical Documentation and Standardization
For internal use only lu-s-cl_012_en.doc / 22.07.2004
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 2
3
Dimensions, Terms Exit
6 . t 3 h g x i e 3 . h 8 g 4 n i s Ø i e r p i P
FP = Locating point
Figure 1:
LP = Point of sliding rest
Ladder with side exit
Figure 2:
Ladders > 5 000 to 10 000
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 3
4
Design
Figure 3: Ladder end for side step
Exit
Flat 30 x 12
Figure 4: Cage hoop
Flat 30 x 12
Figure 5:
Cage hoop for side Stepp
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 4
Section X
Tread
Figure 6: Stile for exit to the front
Figure 7: Exit to steel platform
Figure 8: Exit to reinforced-concrete platform
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 5 Ladder attachment configurations Connection strap welded to structural component
Figure 9:
Connectors for attachment of ladders
Figure 10: Locating point for ladder attachment
Figure 11: Vertical slotted ladder connection 2) Length of clip or angle depending on local conditions
Connecting angle bolted to structural component
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 6
(Basic dimension)
View A Standard safety gate = 700 wide (For landing depth < 1085 smaller safety gates are required.)
1)
Single post with special end link
Figure 12:
Side step with landing
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 7
1) Single post with end link (refer to Fig. 12)
Figure 13:
Ladder with intermediate landing and protective railing
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 8
Floor plate
Floor-plate detail
Mounting clips
Grating floor plate SP Design (Stamped and welded grating)
Figure 14:
Ladder with floor plate
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 9
(Basic dimension)
Floor plate
1)
Single post with end link (refer to Fig. 12)
2)
Design of floor plate (refer to Fig. 14)
Figure 15: Ladder with intermediate landing and gate
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 10
(Basic dimension)
1)
Single post with end link (refer to Fig. 12)
Figure 16: Ladder with intermediate landing, gate and protective railing
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 11
(Basic dimension)
1)
Single post with end link (refer to Fig. 12)
2)
Safety gate 600 wide
Figure 17: Ladder opening with pass-around, gate and protective railing
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 12
Figure 18: View Z of Fig. 17 (ladder opening with pass-around)
Figure 19: Section B-B of Fig. 17 (ladder opening with pass-around)
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 13
g n i l i a r
e v i t c g e n t i l o r i p a r h h t i t i w w 0 0 0 0 6 6 1 1 < >
Figure 20:
Ladder with landing and railing or protective railing
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 14
5
Components
Table 1 Item No.
Description
1
Stile
2
Ladder
Ladder rung
1)
Material
Pipe 48.3 x 3.6 DIN 2448 or DIN 2458
St 37.0 DIN 1629 or DIN 1626
Round 25
DIN 1013-1
S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025
3
End cap
Cap 48.3 x 3.6
DIN 2617
S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025
4
Cage hoop
Flat 30 x 12
DIN 1017-1
S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025
5.1
Clip
DIN 1017-1 DIN 1017-1
5.2
Angle
Flat 120 x 10 Flat 120 x 10 or Angle
S235JRG2 S235JRG2 S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025 DIN EN 10025 DIN EN 10025
Ladder clip
Flat 120 x 10
DIN 1017-1
S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025
Hex bolt
M 16 x 45 Mu
DIN 7990
4.6
DIN EN ISO 898-1
Washer
A 18
DIN 7989-2
St
Hex bolt
M 16 x 45
DIN 7990
4.6
DIN EN ISO 898-1
Cap nut
M 16
DIN 1587
5
DIN EN ISO 898-1
Tread
Grating SP 30
DIN 24537
S235JR
DIN EN 10025
Toeboard
Flat 130 x 10
DIN 1017-1
S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025
Support plate
Plate
DIN EN 10029
S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025
Support angle
Angle 50 x 5
DIN EN 10056-1 S235JRG2
DIN EN 10025
6 7
Ladder connection
8 9 10 11
Floor plate
12
DIN EN 10056-1
1) Where special service conditions prevail, such as presence of oil or grease, additional precautions shall be taken in conformity with ASR to ensure slide-down protection, e.g. profiled tread or a suitable encasing.
Standards and other documents referred to ASR 20
German Workplace Regulations; Steps and ladders
DIN 1013-1
Steel bars; Hot rolled round steel for general purposes; Dimensions, permissible variations for dimension and form
DIN 1017-1
Steel bars; Hot rolled flat steel for general purposes; Dimensions, weights, permissible variations
DIN 1587
Hexagon domed cap nuts
DIN 1626
Welded circular pipes made of unalloyed steels for special requirements; Technical delivery conditions
DIN 1629
Seamless circular pipes made of unalloyed steels for special requirements; Technical delivery conditions
DIN 2448
Seamless steel pipes and tubes; Dimensions and conventional masses per unit length
DIN 2458
Welded steel pipes and tubes; Dimensions and conventional masses per unit length
DIN 2617
Steel butt-welding pipe fittings; Caps, dimensions
DIN 7989-2
Washers for use on structural steelwork; Part 2: Product grade A
DIN 7990
Steel heagon head bolts for structural steel bolting for supply with hexagon nuts
DIN 18800-1
Structural steelwork; Design and construction
DIN 24537
Gratings; Dimensions and loadbearing capacity
DIN EN 10025
Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels; Technical delivery conditions
DIN EN 10029
Hot rolled steel sheet and plate 3 mm thick or above; Tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass
DIN EN 10056-1
Structural steel equal and unequal leg angles; Part 1: Dimensions
LU-S-CL 012 EN Feb 2002 Page 15 DIN EN 20898-2
Mechanical properties of fasteners; Part 2: Nuts with coarse pitch thread and specified proof load values
DIN EN ISO 898-1
Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel; Part 1: Bolts
DIN EN ISO 1461
Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles; Specifications and test methods
DIN EN ISO 13920
Welding; General tolerances for welded constructions; Lengths and angles; Shape and position (ISO 13920: 1996)
WN 7-333
Vertical ladders on equipment and vessels
LU-S-CL 013 (WN 39-005)
Safety doors for industrial structures
Further standards and documents DIN 18799-1
Fixed ladders; Part 1: Ladders with two stiles – Safety requirements and verification
DIN 24532
Fixed vertical ladders of steel
LU-S-CL 011 (WN 39-003)
Railing fabricated from steel for industrial structures
BGV D36 (VGB 74)
German Accident Prevention Code "Ladders and steps"
Amendments The following amendments have been made to the July 1997 edition: a) b) c)
Editorially revised; In Fig. 6, Section X, altered dimensions on bent stile Included footnote in Table 1 “Ladder rung”
