Lemon
Content
SEMINAR USUL PENELITIAN PROGRAM STUDI FARMASI FARMASI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI Nama NRI $%&%l
: Fitria H. Lolowang : !"!#" !"!#" : Anali'i' Fito(imia Dan A(ti)ita' Ta*ir Ta*ir S%r+a &ari Min+a( At'iri K%lit L,mon L,mon -%i Citrus microcarpa /
I. PENDAHULUAN
.. Latar 0,la(ang In&on,'ia a&ala1 n,gara +ang *,ri(lim tro2i' (ar,na t,rl,ta( &i &a,ra1 (1at%li'tiwa &,ngan 2a2aran 'inar mata1ari ',2an3ang m%'im. Sinar mata1ari +ang 'am2ai &i2,rm%(aan *%mi &i*,&a(an m,n3a&i 'inar %ltra)iol,t A &,ngan 2an3ang g,lom*angnn+a a&ala1 45!67!! nm8 %ltra)iol,t 0 &,ngan 2an3ang g,lom*angn+a a&ala1 59!645! nm &an %ltra)iol,t - &,ngan 2an3ang g,lom*ang 5!!659! nm 8 (,tiga 3,ni' 'inar %ltra)iol,t t,r',*%t m,mili(i ,,( t,r1a&a2 (%lit Hanan8 5!5/. Ta*ir '%r+a m,r%2a(an ',&iaan (o'm,ti( +ang &ig%na(an %nt%( m,lin&%ngi (%lit &alam 1al ini *,r2,ran ',*agai anti ra&i(al *,*a'. Min+a( at'iri m,r%2a(an '%at% (om2on,n +ang &i2a(ai &alam 2,m*%atan ta*ir '%r+a. Min+a( at'iri a&ala1 ',n+awa +ang m%&a1 m,ng%a2 ata% ',n+awa )olatil +ang ti&a( lar%t &alam air &an *,ra'al &ari tanaman aromati(. Min+a( at'iri ini m,mili(i 2ot,n'i &alam *,r*agai *i&ang in&%'tri ',2,rti in&%'tri 2ar%m8 (o'm,ti(a8 in&%'tri arma'i ata% o*at6o*atan8 in&%'tri ma(anan &an min%man. In&on,'ia a&ala1 n,gara 2,ng1a'il min+a( at'iri &an min+a( at'iri ini m,r%2a(an (omo&iti +ang &a2at m,n+%m*ang(an &,)i'a +ang ;%(%2 *,'ar %nt%( n,gara ini. L,mon ;%i ata% l,mon -ina +ang m,mili(i nama ilmia1 -itr%' mi;ro;ar2a m,mang ma'i1 t,r&,ngar (%rang 2o2%lar. L,mon ;%i *an+a( &it,m%i &i S%law,'i Utara &an Mal%(% Utara. P,ngg%naan l,mon ;%i ,rat (aitann+a &,ngan (,*ia'aan orang Mana&o ata% S%law,'i Utara 2a&a %m%mn+a +ang 'angat ',nang m,ng(on'%m'i i(an la%t8 ',1ingga m,n3a&i(an l,mon ;%i ini 'angat a(ra* &alam (,1i&%2an ma'+ara(at ',1ari61ari. 0,nt%(n+a *%lat (,;il ',2,rti 3,r%( ni2i' nam%n l,mon ;%i *i'a &i(%2a' ',2,rti 3,r%( 2ontiana( (ar,na (%litn+a ti&a( ',t,*al 3,r%( ni2i'. Ra'a l,mon ;%i a'am ',gar &an *,r*a% 1ar%m8 ol,1 ',*a* it% ma(a l,mon ;%i ',ring &i2a(ai %nt%( *a1an ma'a(an +ang m,m*ant% m,n,trali'ir *a% ami' 2a&a i(an. P,ngg%naan l,mon ;%i ',(arang 1an+a ',*ata' 2a&a *%a1n+a 'a3a ',&ang(an (%lit +ang m,n%t%2i *%a1 t,r',*%t &i*%ang. K%lit *%a1 l,mon 3%ga m,mili(i *a% 1ar%m +ang (1a' ',1ingga m,mili(i (,m%ng(inan *a1wa (%lit t,r',*%t m,mili(i ',n+awa min+a( at'iri +ang *,r2ot,n'i ',*agai ta*ir '%r+a.
Ol,1 (ar,na it%8 &,ngan 2,ngg%naan l,mon ;%i +ang *,rlim2a1 ma(a *,rlim2a1 2%la lim*a1<(%lit *%a1 +ang &i *%ang ',1ingga 2,n,liti ingin m,manaat(an lim*a1 t,r',*%t. P,n,liti ingin m,m2,rol,1 *,*,ra2a ,('tra( 1a'il &,'tila'i %a2 &ari (%lit *%a1 l,mon ;%i %nt%( &i %3i a(ti)ita' min+a( at'irin+a ',*agai ta*ir '%r+a.
.5
R%m%'an Ma'ala1 P,rma'ala1an +ang &iang(at &ari 3%&%l &iata' a&ala1 : A2a(a1 ,('tra( min+a( at'iri 1a'il &,'tila'i %a2 (%lit l,mon ;%i *,r2ot,n'i ',*agai *a1an ta*ir '%r+a =
.4
T%3%an P,n,litian T%3%an &ari 2,n,litian ini a&ala1: Unt%( m,n,nt%(an a(ti)ita' ta*ir '%r+a &ari min+a( at'iri (%lit l,mon ;%i +ang &i 2,rol,1 &ari 1a'il &,'tila'i %a2
.7
Manaat P,n,litian Manaat &ari 2,n,litian ini +ait% &i1ara2(an &a2at m,m*,ri(an inorma'i +ang ilmia1 t,r1a&a2 ma'+ara(at m,ng,nai a(ti)ita' 2ot,n'i min+a( at'iri (%lit l,mon ;%i *a1an a(ti ta*ir '%r+a.
II. TIN$AUAN PUSTAKA
5.. T%m*%1an L,mon -%i Citrus microcarpa L./ 5... D,'(ri2'i Tanaman Tanaman l,mon ;%i (Citrus microcarpa) a&ala1 tanaman +ang 1al%' &an ',&i(it *,r&%ri8tinngi 2o1on m,n;a2ai 46"m. &a%n *,r*,nt%( 3orong 'am2ai lon3ong6,li2'. 0%a1 l,mon ;%i *,rwarna (%ning (,ti(a matang &an 1am2ir m,m2%n+ai *,nt%( +ang *%lat &,ngan &iam,t,r 5648" ;m &an *,r(%lit ti2i'. K%lit *,rwarna 1i3a% (,ti(a ma'i1 m,nta1 &an *,rwarna (,(%ningan 'aat '%&a1 matang &an t,r&a2at *i3i &alam &aging l,mon ;%i. K,%ngg%lan $,r%( L,mon -%i 'ala1 'at%n+a mam2% *,r*%a1 non'to2 ',2an3ang m%'im Pa%l%'85!4/.
5..5. Kla'ii(a'i Tanaman M,n%r%t Pa%l%' 5!4/8 (la'ii(a'i t%m*%1an l,mon ;%i a&ala1 ',*agai *,ri(%t: King&om
: Planta,
Di)i'i
: Tra;1,o21+ta
K,la'
: Magnolio2'i&a
S%(%
: -itr,a,
G,n%'
: Citrus
S2,;i,'
: Citus microcarpa
Gam*ar. L,mon -%i Citrus microcarpa/. 5..4. Manaat t%m*%1an L,mon -%i 0%a1 3,r%( l,mon ti&a( 1an+a &a2at &ini(mati ra'an+a +ang ',gar 'a3a8 m,lain(an ',*agai 2,l,2a' &a1aga &an ',*agai *%a1 2,n;%;i m%l%t +ang &a2at &imanaat(an ',*agai o*at. S,1%*%ngan &,ngan tinggin+a (a&ar )itamin - 2a&a *%a1 3,r%(8 ma(a *%a1 3,r%( &a2at
&iola1 m,n3a&i ta*l,t6ta*l,t )itamin
-
ata% &ima(an lang'%ng %nt%(
m,n+,m*%1(an 2,n+a(it ging gi)ati' g%'i *,r&ara1/ &an 2,n+a(it inl%,n>a. Ha'il 2,n,litian &i IP0 'ari *%a1 3,r%( &alam (,ma'an t,tra 2a( a&ala1 5 mg 2,r(,ma'an 5"! mL/8 &an 2a&a (,ma'an *otol ',(itar ? mg. P,r*,&aan ini t,r3a&i (ar,na 2a&a 2ro',' 2,ng,ma'an &,ngan t,tra 2a( &ig%na(an 2a&a '%1% 7!!-. S,m,ntara 2a&a 2,ng,ma'an *otol '%1% 2,mana'ann+a 9?!-. $a&i 3i(a ',',orang m,m,rl%(an @! mg )itamin - 2,r 1ari8 ma(a ia m,m,rl%(an " (,ma'an t,tra 2a( min%man 'ari *%a1 3,r%( %nt%( m,m,n%1i (,*%t%1an t,r',*%t. S,lain manaat &iata'8 )itamin - 3%ga &a2at m,n;,ga1 in,('i t,linga +ang *,r%lang6%lang8 &an 3%ga &a2at m,n%r%n(an r,'i(o (an(,r %'%' *,'ar (ar,na m,m*ant% m,ng%'ir ra&i(al *,*a' +ang &a2at m,n+,*a*(an (,r%'a(an DNA K1om'an8 5!!7/. $,r%( L,mon m,mili(i (an&%ngan la)onoi& +ang *,rlim2a1 ',2,rti la)an2i' +ang *,r%ng'i ',*agai antio('i&an 2,nang(al ra&i(al *,*a' 2,n+,*a* (an(,r. Fla)onoi& 3%ga m,n;,ga1 t,r3a&in+a r,a('i o('i&a'i LDL low &,n'it+ li2o2rot,in/ +ang m,n+,*a*(an &ara1 m,ng,ntal &an m,n;,ga1 2,ng,n&a2an l,ma( 2a&a &in&ing 2,m*%l%1 &ara1 U'man8 5!5/.
5.5. Ta*ir S%r+a S,&iaan ta*ir '%r+a a&ala1 ',&iaan (o'm,ti(a +ang &ig%na(an &,ngan ma('%& m,m*a%r(an ata% m,n+,ra2 ',;ara ,,(ti ;a1a+a mata1ari t,r%tama 2a&a &a,ra1 ,mi'i g,lom*ang %ltra)iol,t &an inram,ra18 ',1ingga &a2at m,n;,ga1 t,r3a&in+a gangg%an (%lit (ar,na ;a1a+a mata1ari Harr+8 9?5/. S,&iaan ini &i(,lom2o((an m,n3a&i &%a ma;am. P,rtama8 ta*ir '%r+a (imia mi'aln+a PA0A8 PA0A ,'t,r8 *,n>o,non8 'ali'ilat &an antranilat8 *,r%ng'i %nt%( &a2at m,nga*'or*'i ,n,rgi ra&ia'i &ari ;a1a+a mata1ari. K,&%a8 ta*ir '%r+a i'i( mi'aln+a titani%m &io('i&a8 Mg 'ili(at8 ',ng o('i&a8 r,& 2,trolat%m &an (aolin8 *,r%ng'i %nt%( &a2at m,mant%l(an ;a1a+a mata1ari. Ta*ir '%r+a i'i( &a2at m,na1an UV6A ma%2%n UV6 0. Unt%( m,ngo2timal(an (,mam2%an &ari ta*ir '%r+a ',ring &ila(%(an (om*ina'i antara ta*ir '%r+a (imia &an ta*ir '%r+a i'i(8 *a1(an a&a +ang m,ngg%na(an *,*,ra2a ma;am ta*ir '%r+a &alam 'at% ',&iaan (o'm,ti(a Ba'itaatma&3a8 99#/
5.4. Min+a( At'iri Min+a( at'iri a&ala1 'ala1 'at% (an&%ngan tanaman +ang ',ring &i',*%t min+a( t,r*ang.Min+a(
at'iri
&inama(an
&,mi(ian
(ar,na
min+a(
t,r',*%t
m%&a1
m,ng%a2.S,lain it%8 min+a( at'iri 3%ga &i',*%t ,'',ntial oil &ari (ata ,'',n;,/ (ar,na min+a( t,r',*%t m,m*,ri(an *a% 2a&a tanaman Ko,n'o,mar&i+a18 5!!/. Min+a( at'iri8 min+a( m%&a1 m,ng%a28 ata% min+a( t,r*ang m,r%2a(an ;am2%ran ',n+awa +ang *,rw%3%& ;airan ata% 2a&atan +ang m,mili(i (om2o'i'i ma%2%n titi( &i&i1 +ang *,ragam8 2,n+%lingan &a2at &i&,ini'i(an ',*agai 2ro',' 2,mi'a1an (om2on,n6(om2on,n '%at% ;am2%ran +ang t,r&iri ata' &%a ;airan ata% l,*i1 *,r&a'ar(an 2,r*,&aan t,(anan %a2 ata% *,r&a'ar(an 2,r*,&aan titi( &i&i1 (om2on,n6(om2on,n ',n+awa t,r',*%t Sa'tro1ami&3o3o8 5!!7/. Min+a( at'iri m,mili(i (an&%ngan (om2on,n a(ti +ang &i',*%t t,r2,noi& ata% t,r2,na. $i(a tanaman m,mili(i (an&%ngan ',n+awa ini8 *,rarti tanaman t,r',*%t m,mili(i 2ot,n'i %nt%( &i3a&i(an min+a( at'iri. Cat inila1 +ang m,ng,l%ar(an aroma ata% *a% (1a' +ang t,r&a2at 2a&a *an+a( tanaman %liani &an Sat%1%8 5!5/.Min+a( at'iri *%(an m,r%2a(an ',n+awa t%nggal8 t,ta2i t,r'%'%n &ari *,r*agai (om2on,n (imia ',2,rti al(o1ol8 ,nol8 (,ton8 ,'t,r8 al&,1i&a8 &an t,r2,na. 0a% (1a' +ang &itim*%l(ann+a 'angat t,rgant%ng &ari 2,r*an&ingan (om2on,n 2,n+%'%nn+a8 &,mi(ian 2%la (1a'iatn+a ',*agai
o*at. S,*agai ;onto18 min+a( at'iri +ang *an+a( m,ngan&%ng ,nol mi'aln+a min+a( 'iri18 Piper betle/ *,r(1a'iat ',*agai anti',2ti(. Min+a( 'iri1 ini mam2% m,m*%n%1 (%man ',2,rti 1aln+a (ar*ol ata% li'ol ',1ingga min+a( at'iri ini ',ring &ig%na(an ',*agai o*at ;%;i 1ama G%nawan8 5!!#/.
5.7. S%m*,r Min+a( At'iri Min+a( at'iri t,r&a2at 2a&a t%m*%1an &an *ia'an+a &i2,rol,1 &ari *agian t,rt,nt% &ari t%m*%1an ',2,rti *%nga8 *%a18 a(ar8 &a%n8 (%lit (a+%8 &an rim2ang. Kan&%ngan min+a( at'iri ti&a( a(an ',lal% 'ama antara *agian 'at% &,ngan *agian lainn+a. Mi'aln+a (an&%ngan min+a( at'iri +ang t,r&a2at 2a&a (%nt%m *%nga ;,ng(i1 *,r*,&a &,ngan 2a&a *agian tang(ai *%nga ma%2%n &a%n. Ditin3a% &ari '%m*,r alami min+a( at'iri8 '%*'tan'i m%&a1 m,ng%a2 ini &a2at &i3a&i(an ',*agai 'i&i( 3ari ata% ;iri (1a' &ari '%at% 3,ni' t%m*%1an (ar,na ',tia2 t%m*%1an m,ng1a'il(an min+a( at'iri &,ngan aroma +ang *,r*,&a. D,ngan (ata lain8 ',tia2 3,ni' t%m*%1an m,ng1a'il(an min+a( at'iri &,ngan aroma +ang '2,'ii( Ag%'ta85!!!/.
5.". K1a'iat &an Manaat Min+a( At'iri K,g%naan min+a( at'iri 'angat l%a' &an '2,'ii(8 (1%'%'n+a &alam *,r*agai *i&ang in&%'tri. 0an+a( ;onto1 (,g%naan min+a( at'iri8 antara lain &alam in&%'tri (o'm,ti( 'a*%n8 2a'ta gigi8 'am2o8 lotion/8 &alam in&%'tri ma(anan &ig%na(an ',*agai *a1an 2,n+,&a2 ata% 2,nam*a1 ;ita ra'a8 &alam in&%'tri 2ar%m ',*agai 2,wangi &alam *,r*agai 2ro&%( min+a( wangi8 &alam in&%'tri arma'i ata% o*at6o*atan antin+,ri8 antiin,('i8 2,m*%n%1 *a(t,ri/8 &alam in&%'tri *a1an 2,ngaw,t *a1(an &ig%na(an 2%la ',*agai in',(ti'i&a Ton+8 997/. Min+a( at'iri m,r%2a(an 2r,2arat antimi(ro*a alami +ang &a2at *,(,r3a t,r1a&a2 *a(t,ri8 )ir%'8 &an 3am%r +ang t,la1 &i*%(ti(an ',;ara ilmia1 ol,1 *an+a( 2,n,liti %liani &an Sat%1%8 5!5/.Min+a( &a%n 'iri1 Pi2,r *,tl,/ a&ala1 'ala1 'at% min+a( at'iri +ang *,r'iat ',*agai anti*a(t,ri.Min+a( ini &a2at m,ng1am*at 2,rt%m*%1an *,*,ra2a 3,ni' *a(t,ri m,r%gi(an ',2,rti Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus dan Pasteurella.Min+a( a&a'8 la),n&,r Lavandula officinalis/8 &an ,%(ali2t%' Eucalyptus globulus/ &a2at &ig%na(an ',*agai anti',2ti( Ag%'ta8 5!!!/.
5.@. D,'tila'i Min+a( At'iri A&a 7 3,ni' &i'tila'i +ang a(an &i*a1a' &i'ini8 +ait% &i'tila'i ',&,r1ana8 &i'tila'i ra('iona'i8 &i'tila'i %a28 &an &i'tila'i )a(%m. S,lain it% a&a 2%la &i'tila'i ,('tra(ti &an &i'tila'i azeotropic homogenous8 &i'tila'i &,ngan m,ngg%na(an garam *,rion8 &i'tila'i pressures!ing 8 ',rta &i'tila'i r,a(ti L%gman8 997/.
5.@.. Di'tila'i S,&,r1ana Pa&a &i'tila'i ',&,r1ana8 &a'ar 2,mi'a1ann+a a&ala1 2,r*,&aan titi( &i&i1 +ang 3a%1 ata% &,ngan 'ala1 'at% (om2on,n *,r'iat )olatil. $i(a ;am2%ran &i2ana'(an ma(a (om2on,n +ang titi( &i&i1n+a l,*i1 r,n&a1 a(an m,ng%a2 l,*i1 &%l%. S,lain 2,r*,&aan titi( &i&i18 3%ga 2,r*,&aan (,)olatilan8 +ait% (,;,n&,r%ngan ',*%a1 '%*'tan'i %nt%( m,n3a&i ga'. Di'tila'i ini &ila(%(an 2a&a t,(anan atmo',r .A2li(a'i &i'tila'i ',&,r1ana &ig%na(an %nt%( m,mi'a1(an ;am2%ran air &an al(o1ol (Sil*,r*,rg8 5!!@/.
[email protected]. Di'tila'i Fra('ioni'a'i F%ng'i &i'tila'i ra('iona'i a&ala1 m,mi'a1(an (om2on,n6(om2on,n ;air 8 &%a ata% l,*i18 &ari '%at% lar%tan *,r&a'ar(an 2,r*,&aan titi( &i&i1n+a.Di'tila'i ini 3%ga &a2at &ig%na(an %nt%( ;am2%ran &,ngan 2,r*,&aan titi( &i&i1 (%rang &ari 5! - &an *,(,r3a 2a&a t,(anan atmo',r ata% &,ngan t,(anan r,n&a1 Lan&o8 9#7/. A2li(a'i &ari &i'tila'i 3,ni' ini &ig%na(an 2a&a in&%'tri min+a( m,nta18 %nt%( m,mi'a1(an (om2on,n6 (om2on,n &alam min+a( m,nta1. P,r*,&aan &i'tila'i ra('iona'i &an &i'tila'i ',&,r1ana a&ala1 a&an+a (olom ra('iona'i. Di (olom ini t,r3a&i 2,mana'an ',;ara *,rta1a2 &,ngan '%1% +ang *,r*,&a6 *,&a 2a&a ',tia2 2latn+a. P,mana'an +ang *,r*,&a6*,&a ini *,rt%3%an %nt%( 2,m%rnian &i'tilat +ang l,*i1 &ari 2lat62lat &i *awa1n+a.S,ma(in (, ata'8 ',ma(in ti&a( )olatil ;airann+a.
2.6.3. Distilasi Uap Di'tila'i %a2 &ig%na(an 2a&a ;am2%ran ',n+awa6',n+awa +ang m,mili(i titi( &i&i1 m,n;a2ai 5!! - ata% l,*i1.Di'tila'i %a2 &a2at m,ng%a2(an ',n+awa6',n+awa ini
&,ngan '%1% m,n&,(ati !! - &alam t,(anan atmo',r &,ngan m,ngg%na(an %a2 ata% air m,n&i&i1.Siat +ang %n&am,ntal &ari &i'tila'i %a2 a&ala1 &a2at m,n&i'tila'i ;am2%ran ',n+awa &i *awa1 titi( &i&i1 &ari ma'ing6ma'ing ',n+awa ;am2%rann+a. S,lain it% &i'tila'i %a2 &a2at &ig%na(an %nt%( ;am2%ran +ang ti&a( lar%t &alam air &i ',m%a t,m2,rat%r8 ta2i &a2at &i&i'tila'i &,ngan air. A2li(a'i &ari &i'tila'i %a2 a&ala1 %nt%( m,ng,('tra( *,*,ra2a 2ro&%( alam ',2,rti min+a( ,%;al+2t%' &ari ,%;al+2t%'8 min+a( 'itr%' &ari l,mon ata% 3,r%(8 &an %nt%( ,('tra('i min+a( 2ar%m &ari t%m*%1an. -am2%ran &i2ana'(an m,lal%i %a2 air +ang &ialir(an (, &alam ;am2%ran &an m%ng(in &itam*a1 3%ga &,ngan 2,mana'an Sil*,r*,rg8 5!!@/. Ua2 &ari ;am2%ran a(an nai( (, ata' m,n%3% (, (on&,n'or &an a(1irn+a ma'%( (, la*% &i'tilat.
2.6.4. Distilasi Vakum Di'tila'i )a(%m *ia'an+a &ig%na(an 3i(a ',n+awa +ang ingin &i&i'tila'i ti&a( 'ta*il8 &,ngan 2,ng,rtian &a2at t,r&,(om2o'i'i ',*,l%m ata% m,n&,(ati titi( &i&i1n+a ata% ;am2%ran +ang m,mili(i titi( &i&i1 &i ata' "! -. M,to&, &i'tila'i ini ti&a( &a2at &ig%na(an 2a&a 2,lar%t &,ngan titi( &i&i1 +ang r,n&a1 3i(a (on&,n'orn+a m,ngg%na(an air &ingin8 (ar,na (om2on,n +ang m,ng%a2 ti&a( &a2at &i(on&,n'a'i ol,1 air. Unt%( m,ng%rangi t,(anan &ig%na(an 2om2a )a(%m ata% a'2irator .A'2irator *,r%ng'i ',*agai 2,n%r%n t,(anan 2a&a 'i't,m &i'tila'i ini Lan&o8 9#7/.
5.#. Kromatograi Ga' S2,(trom,t,r Ma''a Min+a( at'iri +ang m%&a1 m,ng%a2 &a2at &ianali'i' &,ngan G-6MS. G- Ga' -romatograi *,r%ng'i %nt%( m,mi'a1(an (om2on,n6(om2on,n min+a( at'iri &an MS Ma'' S2,(tra/ *,r%ng'i %nt%( m,n,nt%(an *,rat mol,(%l tia2 (om2on,n *,r&a'ar(an ragm,nta'i. K,ti(a '%at% %a2 ',n+awa organi( &il,wat(an 2a&a r%ang ioni'a'i '2,(trom,t,r ma''a8 ',n+awa ini a(an &it,m*a( &,ngan ,l,(tron *,r,n,rgi tinggi &an m,l,m2ar(an ,l,(tron *,r,n,rgi tinggi &an m,l,m2ar(an ,l,(tron &ari ',n+awa t,r',*%t. S,n+awa +ang (,1ilangan ,l,(tronn+a ini a(an m,m*,nt%( ion 2o'iti +ang &i',*%t ion
mol,(%l Da;1ri+an%'8 5!!7/. Pa&a 'i't,m G- MS +ang *,r%ng'i ',*agai &,t,(tor a&ala1 '2,(trom,t,r ma''a +ang t,r&iri &ari 'i't,m anali'i' &an 'i't,m ioni'a'i8 &imana Electron "mpact (E") a&ala1 m,to&, +ang %m%m &ig%na(an Ag%'ta8 5!!!/.
S2,(trom,t,r Ma''a S2,(trom,t,r ma''a a&ala1 '%at% alat *,r%ng'i %nt%( m,n&,t,('i ma'ing6ma'ing mol,(%l (om2on,n +ang t,la1 &i2i'a1(an 2a&a 'i't,m (romatograi ga' Ag%'ta85!!!/. S2,(trom,t,r ma''a a&ala1 '%at% in'tr%m,nt +ang m,ng1a'il(an *,r(a' ion &ari '%at% >at %3i8 m,mila1 ion t,r',*%t m,n3a&i '2,(tr%m ','%ai &,ngan 2,r*an&ingan ma''a t,r1a&a2 m%atan m<>/ &an m,r,(am (,lim2a1an r,lati tia2 3,ni' ion +ang a&a. S2,(trom,t,r ma''a &a2at &ig%na(an %nt%( m,ng%(%r 2,r*an&ingan ma''a ion t,r1a&a2 m%atan8 %nt%( m,n,ta2(an (,lim2a1an ion &an %nt%( m,m2,la3ari 2ro',' ioni'a'i D,2(,' RI899"/. S2,(trom,tri ma''a 2a&a %m%mn+a &ig%na(an %nt%( :m,n,nt%(an ma''a mol,(%l8 m,n,nt%(an r%m%' mol,(%l &,ngan m,ngg%na(an '2,(tr%m Ma''a 0,r,'ol%'i Tinggi Hig1 R,'ol%tion Ma'' S2,;tra/ &an %nt%( m,ng,ta1%i inorma'i &ari 'tr%(t%r &,ngan m,li1at 2ola ragm,nta'in+a Sil),r't,in8,t al.89?@/. Dari anali'i' G-6MS a(an &i2,rol,1 &%a inorma'i &a'ar8 +ait% 1a'il anali'i' (romatograi ga' +ang &itam2il(an &alam *,nt%( (romatogram &an 1a'il anali'i' '2,(trom,tri ma''a +ang &itam2il(an &alam *,nt%( '2,(tr%m ma''a. Dari (romatogram &a2at &i2,rol,1 inorma'i m,ng,nai 3%mla1 (om2on,n (imia +ang t,r&a2at &alam ;am2%ran +ang &ianali'i' +ang &it%n3%((an ol,1 3%mla1 2%n;a( +ang t,r*,nt%( 2a&a (romatogram &,ngan (%antita'n+a ma'ing6ma'ing. S2,(tr%m ma''a 1a'il anali'i' 'i't,m '2,(tro'(o2i ma''a m,r%2a(an gam*aran m,ng,nai 3,ni' &an 3%mla1 ragm,n mol,(%l +ang t,r*,nt%( &ari '%at% (om2on,n (imia. S,tia2 ragm,n +ang t,r*,nt%( &ari 2,m,;a1an '%at% (om2on,n (imia m,mili(i *,rat mol,(%l +ang *,r*,&a m<> m<,8 ma''a<m%atan/. S,lan3%tn+a8 '2,(tr%m ma''a (om2on,n (imia +ang &i2,rol,1 &ari 1a'il anali'i' &ii&,ntii(a'i &,ngan ;ara &i*an&ing(an &,ngan '2,(tr%m ma''a +ang t,r&a2at &alam '%at% *an( &ata Ag%'ta8 5!!!/.
III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
4.. Ba(t% &an T,m2at P,n,litian P,n,litian ini a(an &ila(%(an &i la*oratori%m T,r2a&% Uni),r'ita' Sam Rat%langi ',lama 5 *%lan.
4.5. 0a1an P,n,litian K%lit &ari *%a1 l,mon ;%i a(an &i2,rol,1 &ari D,'a Kala',+ &imana tanaman ini *an+a( t%m*%1 liar &i &a,ra1 it%. A&a2%n *a1an (imia +ang a(an &ig%na(an &alam 2,n,litian nanti a&ala1 r,ag,n Folin6-io;alt,% &i2,rol,1 &ari M,r;( Darm'ta&t8 G,rman+/ &an a'am galat &an 86&i,nil6562i(ri1i&ra>il DPPH/ &i2,rol,1 &ari Sigma -1,;imal St. Loi'8MO/.
4.4. Alat P,n,litian Alat +ang &ig%na(an a&ala1 alat6alat g,la'8 mi(ro2i2,t8 vorte# mi#er 8 g,la' Erl,nm,+,r8 rotar+ ,)a2orator8 *otol ',r%m8 o),n8 tim*angan analiti(8 ',2,rang(at alat &,'tila'i %a28 (romatograi ga'6'2,(trom,t,r ma''a G-6MS/ S1iman>% G-6# A8 OP "!!!/.
4.7. Pro',&%r P,n,litian 4.7.. Pr,2ara'i 0a1an Hal 2,rtama +ang a(an &ila(%(an +ait% &,ngan m,nganali'i' (a&ar air 2a&a &a%n t,m*,l,(an +ang ',gar8 ',lan3%tn+a &i(,ring(an 1ingga (a&ar airn+a ',(itar ! &,ngan wa(t% 2,ng,ringan +ait% ! 1ari. K,m%&ian 8 ',t,la1 (,ring &a%n t,m*,l,(an a(an &igiling &,ngan alat 2,nggiling &an &ia+a( 'am2ai 7! m,'1 &an &ianali'i' (,m*ali (a&ar airn+a.
4.7.5. E('tra('i K%lit L,mon -%i &,ngan -ara D,'tila'i Ua2 Dima'%((an ',r*%( (%lit l,mon ;%i ',*an+a( "!! g (, &alam la*% l,1,r tiga *,r(a2a'ita' " L +ang t,la1 &i i'i 8" L air8 (,m%&ian &i1%*%ng(an 2a&a ',2,rang(at alat &,'tila'i %a2. Di 2ana'(an 2,rla1an6la1an 1ingga &i2,rol,1 &,'tilat8 &,'tilat (,m%&ian &itam2%ng &,ngan (,;,2atan 'at% t,t,' 2,r &,ti( &an ',lan3%tn+a &,'tilat &i2in&a1(an (,&alam ;orong 2i'a18 &iam*il la2i'an +ang *,rmin+a( &an la2i'an *,rair &i,('tra( &,ngan ,t,r. P,lar%tn+a &i%a2(an &,ngan m,ngg%na(an rotari ,)a2orator8 r,'i&%n+a &iga*%ng &,ngan la2i'an *,rmin+a(. K,m%&ian &,'tilat &itim*ang &an &ianali'i' (an&%ngan ,noli( &an &i %3i a(ti)ita' %nt%( ta*ir '%r+a ',rta m,ngi&,ntii(a'i (om2on,n (imian+a &,ngan (romatograi ga'6'2,(trom,t,r ma''a G-6MS/.
4.7.4. I&,ntii(a'i Kom2on,n Volatil m,ngg%na(an KG6SM Anali'i' m,ngg%na(an G-6MS m,r( S1ima&>% "!!! +ang t,la1 &il,ng(a2i &,ngan (olom (a2il,r D06 &,ngan 2an3ang (olom 4! m8 &iam,t,r int,rnaln+a a&ala1 !85" mm8 (,t,*alan a', &iam !85" m. Kon&i'i G-6MS +ang &ig%na(an a&ala1 ',*agai *,ri(%t : Program &,ngan '%1% "!!- &i2,rta1an(an ',lama " m,nit8 (,m%&ian &inai(an '%1% 1ingga 5!!!- &,ngan (,nai(an '%1% 4!<m,nit &i2,rta1an(an ',lama 5! m,nit. Ki'aran ma''a antara 4464"! &,ngan int,r)al !8" &,ti( &an r,'ol%'i ',*,'ar !!!. Int,r2r,ta'i &ari '2,(tro ma''a &ila(%(an &,ngan *ant%an ;om2%t,r8 %nt%( m,m*an&ing(an 2ola '2,(tro ma''a '%at% ',n+awa &,ngan 2ola '2,;tra ma''a 2a&a ma''a '2,;tra li*rar+. Data *a', +ang &ig%na(an a&ala1 &ata &ari N0S Li*rar+/.
4.7.7. P,n,nt%an Kan&%ngan Total F,noli( Min+a( At'iri K%lit L,mon -%i Kan&%ngan &ari total ,nol +ang *,ra&a &alam ,('tra( )olatil, a(an &it,nt%(an &,ngan m,to&, $,ong et al . 5!!"/. S,*an+a( mL 'am2,l ,('tra( &itam*a1(an (, &alam ta*%ng r,a('i &,ngan 2,nam*a1an r,ag,n Folin6-io;alt,% "!/ &an (,m%&ian ;am2%ran ini a(an &i)ort, ',lamat 4 m,nit. S,t,la1 4 m,nit8 a(an &itam*a1(an mL lar%tan Na5-O4 5. S,lan3%tn+a ;am2%ran &i'im2an &alam r%ang g,la2 &,ngan wa(t% 2,n+im2an ',(itar 4! m,nit.A*'or*an'i ,('tra( &i*a;a m,ngg%na(an '2,(trootom,t,r 2a&a J #"! nm. Ha'iln+a a(an &in+ata(an ',*agai ,(%i)al,n a'ama galat &alam mg<(g
,('tra(. K%r)a (ali*ra'i &i2,r'ia2(an 2a&a ;ara +ang 'ama m,ngg%na(an a'am galat ',*agai 'tan&ar.
4.4.". P,n,nt%an nilai SPF ',;ara in )itro P,n,nt%an ,,(ti)ita' ta*ir '%r+a &ila(%(an &,ngan m,n,nt%(an nilai SPF ',;ara in )itro &,ngan m,to&, '2,(trootom,tri Sa+r, et al . 8 9#9/. Fra('i &i,n;,r(an &,ngan (on',ntra'i "!! 22m. Di*%at (%r)a ',ra2an %3i (%),t ;m8 &,ngan 2an3ang g,lom*ang antara 59! &an4@! nm8 &ig%na(an ,tanol ',*agai *lan(o. S,ra2an lar%tan %3i m,n%n3%((an 2,ngar%1 >at +ang m,n+,ra2 ma%2%n +ang m,mant%l(an 'inar UV &alam lar%tan. K,m%&ian &i*a;a a*'or*an'i ',tia2 int,r)al " &ari 2an3ang g,lom*ang 59! nm 'am2ai 2an3ang g,lom*ang 45! nm. Unt%( m,ng1it%ng nilai SPF &ig%na(an r%m%':
¿ λ EE ( λ ) x I ¿ 320
SPF =CF +
∑¿
/ a*'or*an'i
( λ )
290
K,t
: -F EE I
Fa(tor Kor,la'i !/8 Ei'i,n'i Erit,rma8 S2,(tr%m Sim%la'i Sinar S%r+a.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ag%'ta8 A. 5!!!. $inya% &tsiri 'umbuhan 'ropi%a "ndonesia.0an&%ng : P,n,r*it IT0. 0%r&a S.8 an& Ol,'>,( B. 5!!. Antioi&ant an& anti6 ra&i;al a;ti)iti,' o la)onoi&'. ood Chemistry. 79: 5##765##9 -lar( $. 5!!". "mmiscible liuids and steam distillation. Di a(',' 2a&a @ F,*r%ar+ 5!" D,2(,' RI. 99". arma%ope "ndonesia. E&i'i 7 . $a(arta. Eaton8D.-. 9?9. Laboratory "nvestigations in *rganic Chemistry.USA :M; Graw Hill. Gritt,r8R.$. 99. Pengantar +romatografi. T,r3,ma1an Ko'a'i1 Pa&mawinata. 0an&%ng: P,n,r*it IT0. G%nawan8D.5!!#. Ram%an 'radisional ntu% +eharmonisan Suami "stri. $a(arta : P,n,*ar Swa&a+a. Harr+ R.G.8 9?5. T1, Prin;i2l, an& Pra;ti;, o mo&,rn -o'm,ti;. L,onar& Hill 0oo(. Harr+' -o'm,ti;ologi. @t1 E&ition. Lon&on. Hatan F. Sri. 5!5. &%tivitas &ntio%sidan -ari E%stra% +ulit anas ( &nanas comosus (L) $err). $%rnal Ilmia1 P1arma;on. 5: ?65.
H,rman $.R.8 &an G. 0la';1(,. 9??. &nalisis armasi. og+a(arta: Ga3a1 Ma&a Uni),r'it+ Pr,''. $,ong60,,man8 M.8 0ow&,n8 E.M.8 Ha*,rman8 $.8 Fr+miar,8 $.L8 Aram*,l6Li%8 S. Gr,,n*latt8 R.8 R,*,r8 P.$.8 Ko%nio'8 $. 5!!7. N,%ral a;ti)it+ o*',r),& in 2,o2l, 'ol)ing ),r*al 2ro*l,m' wit1 in'ig1t. Public Library of Science /iology. K1om'an8 A. 5!!7. Pangan dan 0izi ntu% +esehatan. $a(arta: Ra3a grain&o Ko,n'o,mar&i+a1. 5!!. & to 1 $inya% &tsiri untu% industri $a%anan,+osmeti% dan &romaterapi. og+a(arta : ANDI OFFSET
Lan&o8 $0 &an SH8 Maron. 9#7. undamentals of Physical Chemistry. N,w or(: Ma;millan P%*li'ing L%gman8 L.8 &an R. ,+,t. 997. Produ%si dan Perdagangan $inya% &tsiri.$a(arta : P,n,*ar Swa&a+a. Mo;1ama&8 A. 99#. 'e%ni% +romatografi ntu% &nalisis /ahan $a%anan. og+a(arta: P,n,r*it ANDI OFFSET Ro1man8 A. 5!!9. +romatografi untu% &nalisis *bat . E&i'i P,rtama. og+a(arta : Gra1a Ilm%. Sa'tro1ami&3o3o8 H. 5!!7. +imia $inya% &tsiri. og+a(arta: Ga&3a1 Ma&a Uni),r'it+ Pr,''. Sa+r,8 R. M.8 $.R. A&am'8 an& B.P. B,rgin. 9#9. 0a;t,rial 2ara6 'it, o a ;la&o;,ran: Mor21olog+8 &,),lo2m,nt in )i)o8 an& tao6 nomi; r,lation'1i2' wit1 Pa't,%ria ramo'a. "nternational 2ournal of Systematic /acteriology. Sil*,r*,rg8 MS. 5!!@. -1,mi'tr+ T1, $olecular ature of $atter and Change. E& (,67. N,w or(: M;Graw6Hill
Sil),r't,in8 R.M.8 G.-. 0a''t,r.8 &an T.-. Morrill. 9?@. Laboratory "nvestigations in *rganic Chemistry.P,n,r3,ma1 : Hartono8Ann+ Vi;tor P%r*a. P,n+i&i(an S2,(trom,tri( S,n+awa Organi(. $a(arta : Erlangga S+%(ri8 S. 999. Kimia Da'ar $ili& . 0an&%ng: P,n,r*it IT0. S%2arni8 I.8 &an A. B%lan&ari. 5!5. 3erbal usantara 4554 6amuan 'radisional &sli "ndonesia.og+a(arta : Ra21a P%*li'1ing. T3itro'o,2om,8 G.9?@. $orfologi 'umbuhan. Ga&3a1 Ma&a Uni),r'it+ Pr,''. og+a(arta.
U'man8 K.5!5. Manaat $,r%( Unt%( K,',1atan. Dalam http78!!!.lagalus.com.95498598manfaat:eru%.html8 . Dia(',' 2a&a tanggal 5 F,*r%ari 5!" V,n(ata;1alam T8 K%mar VK8 S,l)i PK8 Ma'(, AO8 K%mar NS. 5!. P1+'i;o;1,mi;al an& 2r,liminar+ 21+to;1,mi;al 't%&i,' on t1, Lantana ;amara L./ r%it'. "nternational 2ournal ofPharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4/: "56"7. Ba'itaatma&3a8 S. M. 99#/. P,n%nt%n "lmu +osmeti% $edi% . $a(arta: P,n,r*it Uni),r'ita' In&on,'ia. Hal. 48"?6"98 @56@48 65. %liani8S &an Sat%1%. 5!5. Panduan Leng%ap $inya% &siri. -,ta(an P,rtama. $a(arta : P,n,*ar Swa&a+a.
: Fitria H. Lolowang : !"!#" !"!#" : Anali'i' Fito(imia Dan A(ti)ita' Ta*ir Ta*ir S%r+a &ari Min+a( At'iri K%lit L,mon L,mon -%i Citrus microcarpa /
I. PENDAHULUAN
.. Latar 0,la(ang In&on,'ia a&ala1 n,gara +ang *,ri(lim tro2i' (ar,na t,rl,ta( &i &a,ra1 (1at%li'tiwa &,ngan 2a2aran 'inar mata1ari ',2an3ang m%'im. Sinar mata1ari +ang 'am2ai &i2,rm%(aan *%mi &i*,&a(an m,n3a&i 'inar %ltra)iol,t A &,ngan 2an3ang g,lom*angnn+a a&ala1 45!67!! nm8 %ltra)iol,t 0 &,ngan 2an3ang g,lom*angn+a a&ala1 59!645! nm &an %ltra)iol,t - &,ngan 2an3ang g,lom*ang 5!!659! nm 8 (,tiga 3,ni' 'inar %ltra)iol,t t,r',*%t m,mili(i ,,( t,r1a&a2 (%lit Hanan8 5!5/. Ta*ir '%r+a m,r%2a(an ',&iaan (o'm,ti( +ang &ig%na(an %nt%( m,lin&%ngi (%lit &alam 1al ini *,r2,ran ',*agai anti ra&i(al *,*a'. Min+a( at'iri m,r%2a(an '%at% (om2on,n +ang &i2a(ai &alam 2,m*%atan ta*ir '%r+a. Min+a( at'iri a&ala1 ',n+awa +ang m%&a1 m,ng%a2 ata% ',n+awa )olatil +ang ti&a( lar%t &alam air &an *,ra'al &ari tanaman aromati(. Min+a( at'iri ini m,mili(i 2ot,n'i &alam *,r*agai *i&ang in&%'tri ',2,rti in&%'tri 2ar%m8 (o'm,ti(a8 in&%'tri arma'i ata% o*at6o*atan8 in&%'tri ma(anan &an min%man. In&on,'ia a&ala1 n,gara 2,ng1a'il min+a( at'iri &an min+a( at'iri ini m,r%2a(an (omo&iti +ang &a2at m,n+%m*ang(an &,)i'a +ang ;%(%2 *,'ar %nt%( n,gara ini. L,mon ;%i ata% l,mon -ina +ang m,mili(i nama ilmia1 -itr%' mi;ro;ar2a m,mang ma'i1 t,r&,ngar (%rang 2o2%lar. L,mon ;%i *an+a( &it,m%i &i S%law,'i Utara &an Mal%(% Utara. P,ngg%naan l,mon ;%i ,rat (aitann+a &,ngan (,*ia'aan orang Mana&o ata% S%law,'i Utara 2a&a %m%mn+a +ang 'angat ',nang m,ng(on'%m'i i(an la%t8 ',1ingga m,n3a&i(an l,mon ;%i ini 'angat a(ra* &alam (,1i&%2an ma'+ara(at ',1ari61ari. 0,nt%(n+a *%lat (,;il ',2,rti 3,r%( ni2i' nam%n l,mon ;%i *i'a &i(%2a' ',2,rti 3,r%( 2ontiana( (ar,na (%litn+a ti&a( ',t,*al 3,r%( ni2i'. Ra'a l,mon ;%i a'am ',gar &an *,r*a% 1ar%m8 ol,1 ',*a* it% ma(a l,mon ;%i ',ring &i2a(ai %nt%( *a1an ma'a(an +ang m,m*ant% m,n,trali'ir *a% ami' 2a&a i(an. P,ngg%naan l,mon ;%i ',(arang 1an+a ',*ata' 2a&a *%a1n+a 'a3a ',&ang(an (%lit +ang m,n%t%2i *%a1 t,r',*%t &i*%ang. K%lit *%a1 l,mon 3%ga m,mili(i *a% 1ar%m +ang (1a' ',1ingga m,mili(i (,m%ng(inan *a1wa (%lit t,r',*%t m,mili(i ',n+awa min+a( at'iri +ang *,r2ot,n'i ',*agai ta*ir '%r+a.
Ol,1 (ar,na it%8 &,ngan 2,ngg%naan l,mon ;%i +ang *,rlim2a1 ma(a *,rlim2a1 2%la lim*a1<(%lit *%a1 +ang &i *%ang ',1ingga 2,n,liti ingin m,manaat(an lim*a1 t,r',*%t. P,n,liti ingin m,m2,rol,1 *,*,ra2a ,('tra( 1a'il &,'tila'i %a2 &ari (%lit *%a1 l,mon ;%i %nt%( &i %3i a(ti)ita' min+a( at'irin+a ',*agai ta*ir '%r+a.
.5
R%m%'an Ma'ala1 P,rma'ala1an +ang &iang(at &ari 3%&%l &iata' a&ala1 : A2a(a1 ,('tra( min+a( at'iri 1a'il &,'tila'i %a2 (%lit l,mon ;%i *,r2ot,n'i ',*agai *a1an ta*ir '%r+a =
.4
T%3%an P,n,litian T%3%an &ari 2,n,litian ini a&ala1: Unt%( m,n,nt%(an a(ti)ita' ta*ir '%r+a &ari min+a( at'iri (%lit l,mon ;%i +ang &i 2,rol,1 &ari 1a'il &,'tila'i %a2
.7
Manaat P,n,litian Manaat &ari 2,n,litian ini +ait% &i1ara2(an &a2at m,m*,ri(an inorma'i +ang ilmia1 t,r1a&a2 ma'+ara(at m,ng,nai a(ti)ita' 2ot,n'i min+a( at'iri (%lit l,mon ;%i *a1an a(ti ta*ir '%r+a.
II. TIN$AUAN PUSTAKA
5.. T%m*%1an L,mon -%i Citrus microcarpa L./ 5... D,'(ri2'i Tanaman Tanaman l,mon ;%i (Citrus microcarpa) a&ala1 tanaman +ang 1al%' &an ',&i(it *,r&%ri8tinngi 2o1on m,n;a2ai 46"m. &a%n *,r*,nt%( 3orong 'am2ai lon3ong6,li2'. 0%a1 l,mon ;%i *,rwarna (%ning (,ti(a matang &an 1am2ir m,m2%n+ai *,nt%( +ang *%lat &,ngan &iam,t,r 5648" ;m &an *,r(%lit ti2i'. K%lit *,rwarna 1i3a% (,ti(a ma'i1 m,nta1 &an *,rwarna (,(%ningan 'aat '%&a1 matang &an t,r&a2at *i3i &alam &aging l,mon ;%i. K,%ngg%lan $,r%( L,mon -%i 'ala1 'at%n+a mam2% *,r*%a1 non'to2 ',2an3ang m%'im Pa%l%'85!4/.
5..5. Kla'ii(a'i Tanaman M,n%r%t Pa%l%' 5!4/8 (la'ii(a'i t%m*%1an l,mon ;%i a&ala1 ',*agai *,ri(%t: King&om
: Planta,
Di)i'i
: Tra;1,o21+ta
K,la'
: Magnolio2'i&a
S%(%
: -itr,a,
G,n%'
: Citrus
S2,;i,'
: Citus microcarpa
Gam*ar. L,mon -%i Citrus microcarpa/. 5..4. Manaat t%m*%1an L,mon -%i 0%a1 3,r%( l,mon ti&a( 1an+a &a2at &ini(mati ra'an+a +ang ',gar 'a3a8 m,lain(an ',*agai 2,l,2a' &a1aga &an ',*agai *%a1 2,n;%;i m%l%t +ang &a2at &imanaat(an ',*agai o*at. S,1%*%ngan &,ngan tinggin+a (a&ar )itamin - 2a&a *%a1 3,r%(8 ma(a *%a1 3,r%( &a2at
&iola1 m,n3a&i ta*l,t6ta*l,t )itamin
-
ata% &ima(an lang'%ng %nt%(
m,n+,m*%1(an 2,n+a(it ging gi)ati' g%'i *,r&ara1/ &an 2,n+a(it inl%,n>a. Ha'il 2,n,litian &i IP0 'ari *%a1 3,r%( &alam (,ma'an t,tra 2a( a&ala1 5 mg 2,r(,ma'an 5"! mL/8 &an 2a&a (,ma'an *otol ',(itar ? mg. P,r*,&aan ini t,r3a&i (ar,na 2a&a 2ro',' 2,ng,ma'an &,ngan t,tra 2a( &ig%na(an 2a&a '%1% 7!!-. S,m,ntara 2a&a 2,ng,ma'an *otol '%1% 2,mana'ann+a 9?!-. $a&i 3i(a ',',orang m,m,rl%(an @! mg )itamin - 2,r 1ari8 ma(a ia m,m,rl%(an " (,ma'an t,tra 2a( min%man 'ari *%a1 3,r%( %nt%( m,m,n%1i (,*%t%1an t,r',*%t. S,lain manaat &iata'8 )itamin - 3%ga &a2at m,n;,ga1 in,('i t,linga +ang *,r%lang6%lang8 &an 3%ga &a2at m,n%r%n(an r,'i(o (an(,r %'%' *,'ar (ar,na m,m*ant% m,ng%'ir ra&i(al *,*a' +ang &a2at m,n+,*a*(an (,r%'a(an DNA K1om'an8 5!!7/. $,r%( L,mon m,mili(i (an&%ngan la)onoi& +ang *,rlim2a1 ',2,rti la)an2i' +ang *,r%ng'i ',*agai antio('i&an 2,nang(al ra&i(al *,*a' 2,n+,*a* (an(,r. Fla)onoi& 3%ga m,n;,ga1 t,r3a&in+a r,a('i o('i&a'i LDL low &,n'it+ li2o2rot,in/ +ang m,n+,*a*(an &ara1 m,ng,ntal &an m,n;,ga1 2,ng,n&a2an l,ma( 2a&a &in&ing 2,m*%l%1 &ara1 U'man8 5!5/.
5.5. Ta*ir S%r+a S,&iaan ta*ir '%r+a a&ala1 ',&iaan (o'm,ti(a +ang &ig%na(an &,ngan ma('%& m,m*a%r(an ata% m,n+,ra2 ',;ara ,,(ti ;a1a+a mata1ari t,r%tama 2a&a &a,ra1 ,mi'i g,lom*ang %ltra)iol,t &an inram,ra18 ',1ingga &a2at m,n;,ga1 t,r3a&in+a gangg%an (%lit (ar,na ;a1a+a mata1ari Harr+8 9?5/. S,&iaan ini &i(,lom2o((an m,n3a&i &%a ma;am. P,rtama8 ta*ir '%r+a (imia mi'aln+a PA0A8 PA0A ,'t,r8 *,n>o,non8 'ali'ilat &an antranilat8 *,r%ng'i %nt%( &a2at m,nga*'or*'i ,n,rgi ra&ia'i &ari ;a1a+a mata1ari. K,&%a8 ta*ir '%r+a i'i( mi'aln+a titani%m &io('i&a8 Mg 'ili(at8 ',ng o('i&a8 r,& 2,trolat%m &an (aolin8 *,r%ng'i %nt%( &a2at m,mant%l(an ;a1a+a mata1ari. Ta*ir '%r+a i'i( &a2at m,na1an UV6A ma%2%n UV6 0. Unt%( m,ngo2timal(an (,mam2%an &ari ta*ir '%r+a ',ring &ila(%(an (om*ina'i antara ta*ir '%r+a (imia &an ta*ir '%r+a i'i(8 *a1(an a&a +ang m,ngg%na(an *,*,ra2a ma;am ta*ir '%r+a &alam 'at% ',&iaan (o'm,ti(a Ba'itaatma&3a8 99#/
5.4. Min+a( At'iri Min+a( at'iri a&ala1 'ala1 'at% (an&%ngan tanaman +ang ',ring &i',*%t min+a( t,r*ang.Min+a(
at'iri
&inama(an
&,mi(ian
(ar,na
min+a(
t,r',*%t
m%&a1
m,ng%a2.S,lain it%8 min+a( at'iri 3%ga &i',*%t ,'',ntial oil &ari (ata ,'',n;,/ (ar,na min+a( t,r',*%t m,m*,ri(an *a% 2a&a tanaman Ko,n'o,mar&i+a18 5!!/. Min+a( at'iri8 min+a( m%&a1 m,ng%a28 ata% min+a( t,r*ang m,r%2a(an ;am2%ran ',n+awa +ang *,rw%3%& ;airan ata% 2a&atan +ang m,mili(i (om2o'i'i ma%2%n titi( &i&i1 +ang *,ragam8 2,n+%lingan &a2at &i&,ini'i(an ',*agai 2ro',' 2,mi'a1an (om2on,n6(om2on,n '%at% ;am2%ran +ang t,r&iri ata' &%a ;airan ata% l,*i1 *,r&a'ar(an 2,r*,&aan t,(anan %a2 ata% *,r&a'ar(an 2,r*,&aan titi( &i&i1 (om2on,n6(om2on,n ',n+awa t,r',*%t Sa'tro1ami&3o3o8 5!!7/. Min+a( at'iri m,mili(i (an&%ngan (om2on,n a(ti +ang &i',*%t t,r2,noi& ata% t,r2,na. $i(a tanaman m,mili(i (an&%ngan ',n+awa ini8 *,rarti tanaman t,r',*%t m,mili(i 2ot,n'i %nt%( &i3a&i(an min+a( at'iri. Cat inila1 +ang m,ng,l%ar(an aroma ata% *a% (1a' +ang t,r&a2at 2a&a *an+a( tanaman %liani &an Sat%1%8 5!5/.Min+a( at'iri *%(an m,r%2a(an ',n+awa t%nggal8 t,ta2i t,r'%'%n &ari *,r*agai (om2on,n (imia ',2,rti al(o1ol8 ,nol8 (,ton8 ,'t,r8 al&,1i&a8 &an t,r2,na. 0a% (1a' +ang &itim*%l(ann+a 'angat t,rgant%ng &ari 2,r*an&ingan (om2on,n 2,n+%'%nn+a8 &,mi(ian 2%la (1a'iatn+a ',*agai
o*at. S,*agai ;onto18 min+a( at'iri +ang *an+a( m,ngan&%ng ,nol mi'aln+a min+a( 'iri18 Piper betle/ *,r(1a'iat ',*agai anti',2ti(. Min+a( 'iri1 ini mam2% m,m*%n%1 (%man ',2,rti 1aln+a (ar*ol ata% li'ol ',1ingga min+a( at'iri ini ',ring &ig%na(an ',*agai o*at ;%;i 1ama G%nawan8 5!!#/.
5.7. S%m*,r Min+a( At'iri Min+a( at'iri t,r&a2at 2a&a t%m*%1an &an *ia'an+a &i2,rol,1 &ari *agian t,rt,nt% &ari t%m*%1an ',2,rti *%nga8 *%a18 a(ar8 &a%n8 (%lit (a+%8 &an rim2ang. Kan&%ngan min+a( at'iri ti&a( a(an ',lal% 'ama antara *agian 'at% &,ngan *agian lainn+a. Mi'aln+a (an&%ngan min+a( at'iri +ang t,r&a2at 2a&a (%nt%m *%nga ;,ng(i1 *,r*,&a &,ngan 2a&a *agian tang(ai *%nga ma%2%n &a%n. Ditin3a% &ari '%m*,r alami min+a( at'iri8 '%*'tan'i m%&a1 m,ng%a2 ini &a2at &i3a&i(an ',*agai 'i&i( 3ari ata% ;iri (1a' &ari '%at% 3,ni' t%m*%1an (ar,na ',tia2 t%m*%1an m,ng1a'il(an min+a( at'iri &,ngan aroma +ang *,r*,&a. D,ngan (ata lain8 ',tia2 3,ni' t%m*%1an m,ng1a'il(an min+a( at'iri &,ngan aroma +ang '2,'ii( Ag%'ta85!!!/.
5.". K1a'iat &an Manaat Min+a( At'iri K,g%naan min+a( at'iri 'angat l%a' &an '2,'ii(8 (1%'%'n+a &alam *,r*agai *i&ang in&%'tri. 0an+a( ;onto1 (,g%naan min+a( at'iri8 antara lain &alam in&%'tri (o'm,ti( 'a*%n8 2a'ta gigi8 'am2o8 lotion/8 &alam in&%'tri ma(anan &ig%na(an ',*agai *a1an 2,n+,&a2 ata% 2,nam*a1 ;ita ra'a8 &alam in&%'tri 2ar%m ',*agai 2,wangi &alam *,r*agai 2ro&%( min+a( wangi8 &alam in&%'tri arma'i ata% o*at6o*atan antin+,ri8 antiin,('i8 2,m*%n%1 *a(t,ri/8 &alam in&%'tri *a1an 2,ngaw,t *a1(an &ig%na(an 2%la ',*agai in',(ti'i&a Ton+8 997/. Min+a( at'iri m,r%2a(an 2r,2arat antimi(ro*a alami +ang &a2at *,(,r3a t,r1a&a2 *a(t,ri8 )ir%'8 &an 3am%r +ang t,la1 &i*%(ti(an ',;ara ilmia1 ol,1 *an+a( 2,n,liti %liani &an Sat%1%8 5!5/.Min+a( &a%n 'iri1 Pi2,r *,tl,/ a&ala1 'ala1 'at% min+a( at'iri +ang *,r'iat ',*agai anti*a(t,ri.Min+a( ini &a2at m,ng1am*at 2,rt%m*%1an *,*,ra2a 3,ni' *a(t,ri m,r%gi(an ',2,rti Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus dan Pasteurella.Min+a( a&a'8 la),n&,r Lavandula officinalis/8 &an ,%(ali2t%' Eucalyptus globulus/ &a2at &ig%na(an ',*agai anti',2ti( Ag%'ta8 5!!!/.
5.@. D,'tila'i Min+a( At'iri A&a 7 3,ni' &i'tila'i +ang a(an &i*a1a' &i'ini8 +ait% &i'tila'i ',&,r1ana8 &i'tila'i ra('iona'i8 &i'tila'i %a28 &an &i'tila'i )a(%m. S,lain it% a&a 2%la &i'tila'i ,('tra(ti &an &i'tila'i azeotropic homogenous8 &i'tila'i &,ngan m,ngg%na(an garam *,rion8 &i'tila'i pressures!ing 8 ',rta &i'tila'i r,a(ti L%gman8 997/.
5.@.. Di'tila'i S,&,r1ana Pa&a &i'tila'i ',&,r1ana8 &a'ar 2,mi'a1ann+a a&ala1 2,r*,&aan titi( &i&i1 +ang 3a%1 ata% &,ngan 'ala1 'at% (om2on,n *,r'iat )olatil. $i(a ;am2%ran &i2ana'(an ma(a (om2on,n +ang titi( &i&i1n+a l,*i1 r,n&a1 a(an m,ng%a2 l,*i1 &%l%. S,lain 2,r*,&aan titi( &i&i18 3%ga 2,r*,&aan (,)olatilan8 +ait% (,;,n&,r%ngan ',*%a1 '%*'tan'i %nt%( m,n3a&i ga'. Di'tila'i ini &ila(%(an 2a&a t,(anan atmo',r .A2li(a'i &i'tila'i ',&,r1ana &ig%na(an %nt%( m,mi'a1(an ;am2%ran air &an al(o1ol (Sil*,r*,rg8 5!!@/.
[email protected]. Di'tila'i Fra('ioni'a'i F%ng'i &i'tila'i ra('iona'i a&ala1 m,mi'a1(an (om2on,n6(om2on,n ;air 8 &%a ata% l,*i18 &ari '%at% lar%tan *,r&a'ar(an 2,r*,&aan titi( &i&i1n+a.Di'tila'i ini 3%ga &a2at &ig%na(an %nt%( ;am2%ran &,ngan 2,r*,&aan titi( &i&i1 (%rang &ari 5! - &an *,(,r3a 2a&a t,(anan atmo',r ata% &,ngan t,(anan r,n&a1 Lan&o8 9#7/. A2li(a'i &ari &i'tila'i 3,ni' ini &ig%na(an 2a&a in&%'tri min+a( m,nta18 %nt%( m,mi'a1(an (om2on,n6 (om2on,n &alam min+a( m,nta1. P,r*,&aan &i'tila'i ra('iona'i &an &i'tila'i ',&,r1ana a&ala1 a&an+a (olom ra('iona'i. Di (olom ini t,r3a&i 2,mana'an ',;ara *,rta1a2 &,ngan '%1% +ang *,r*,&a6 *,&a 2a&a ',tia2 2latn+a. P,mana'an +ang *,r*,&a6*,&a ini *,rt%3%an %nt%( 2,m%rnian &i'tilat +ang l,*i1 &ari 2lat62lat &i *awa1n+a.S,ma(in (, ata'8 ',ma(in ti&a( )olatil ;airann+a.
2.6.3. Distilasi Uap Di'tila'i %a2 &ig%na(an 2a&a ;am2%ran ',n+awa6',n+awa +ang m,mili(i titi( &i&i1 m,n;a2ai 5!! - ata% l,*i1.Di'tila'i %a2 &a2at m,ng%a2(an ',n+awa6',n+awa ini
&,ngan '%1% m,n&,(ati !! - &alam t,(anan atmo',r &,ngan m,ngg%na(an %a2 ata% air m,n&i&i1.Siat +ang %n&am,ntal &ari &i'tila'i %a2 a&ala1 &a2at m,n&i'tila'i ;am2%ran ',n+awa &i *awa1 titi( &i&i1 &ari ma'ing6ma'ing ',n+awa ;am2%rann+a. S,lain it% &i'tila'i %a2 &a2at &ig%na(an %nt%( ;am2%ran +ang ti&a( lar%t &alam air &i ',m%a t,m2,rat%r8 ta2i &a2at &i&i'tila'i &,ngan air. A2li(a'i &ari &i'tila'i %a2 a&ala1 %nt%( m,ng,('tra( *,*,ra2a 2ro&%( alam ',2,rti min+a( ,%;al+2t%' &ari ,%;al+2t%'8 min+a( 'itr%' &ari l,mon ata% 3,r%(8 &an %nt%( ,('tra('i min+a( 2ar%m &ari t%m*%1an. -am2%ran &i2ana'(an m,lal%i %a2 air +ang &ialir(an (, &alam ;am2%ran &an m%ng(in &itam*a1 3%ga &,ngan 2,mana'an Sil*,r*,rg8 5!!@/. Ua2 &ari ;am2%ran a(an nai( (, ata' m,n%3% (, (on&,n'or &an a(1irn+a ma'%( (, la*% &i'tilat.
2.6.4. Distilasi Vakum Di'tila'i )a(%m *ia'an+a &ig%na(an 3i(a ',n+awa +ang ingin &i&i'tila'i ti&a( 'ta*il8 &,ngan 2,ng,rtian &a2at t,r&,(om2o'i'i ',*,l%m ata% m,n&,(ati titi( &i&i1n+a ata% ;am2%ran +ang m,mili(i titi( &i&i1 &i ata' "! -. M,to&, &i'tila'i ini ti&a( &a2at &ig%na(an 2a&a 2,lar%t &,ngan titi( &i&i1 +ang r,n&a1 3i(a (on&,n'orn+a m,ngg%na(an air &ingin8 (ar,na (om2on,n +ang m,ng%a2 ti&a( &a2at &i(on&,n'a'i ol,1 air. Unt%( m,ng%rangi t,(anan &ig%na(an 2om2a )a(%m ata% a'2irator .A'2irator *,r%ng'i ',*agai 2,n%r%n t,(anan 2a&a 'i't,m &i'tila'i ini Lan&o8 9#7/.
5.#. Kromatograi Ga' S2,(trom,t,r Ma''a Min+a( at'iri +ang m%&a1 m,ng%a2 &a2at &ianali'i' &,ngan G-6MS. G- Ga' -romatograi *,r%ng'i %nt%( m,mi'a1(an (om2on,n6(om2on,n min+a( at'iri &an MS Ma'' S2,(tra/ *,r%ng'i %nt%( m,n,nt%(an *,rat mol,(%l tia2 (om2on,n *,r&a'ar(an ragm,nta'i. K,ti(a '%at% %a2 ',n+awa organi( &il,wat(an 2a&a r%ang ioni'a'i '2,(trom,t,r ma''a8 ',n+awa ini a(an &it,m*a( &,ngan ,l,(tron *,r,n,rgi tinggi &an m,l,m2ar(an ,l,(tron *,r,n,rgi tinggi &an m,l,m2ar(an ,l,(tron &ari ',n+awa t,r',*%t. S,n+awa +ang (,1ilangan ,l,(tronn+a ini a(an m,m*,nt%( ion 2o'iti +ang &i',*%t ion
mol,(%l Da;1ri+an%'8 5!!7/. Pa&a 'i't,m G- MS +ang *,r%ng'i ',*agai &,t,(tor a&ala1 '2,(trom,t,r ma''a +ang t,r&iri &ari 'i't,m anali'i' &an 'i't,m ioni'a'i8 &imana Electron "mpact (E") a&ala1 m,to&, +ang %m%m &ig%na(an Ag%'ta8 5!!!/.
S2,(trom,t,r Ma''a S2,(trom,t,r ma''a a&ala1 '%at% alat *,r%ng'i %nt%( m,n&,t,('i ma'ing6ma'ing mol,(%l (om2on,n +ang t,la1 &i2i'a1(an 2a&a 'i't,m (romatograi ga' Ag%'ta85!!!/. S2,(trom,t,r ma''a a&ala1 '%at% in'tr%m,nt +ang m,ng1a'il(an *,r(a' ion &ari '%at% >at %3i8 m,mila1 ion t,r',*%t m,n3a&i '2,(tr%m ','%ai &,ngan 2,r*an&ingan ma''a t,r1a&a2 m%atan m<>/ &an m,r,(am (,lim2a1an r,lati tia2 3,ni' ion +ang a&a. S2,(trom,t,r ma''a &a2at &ig%na(an %nt%( m,ng%(%r 2,r*an&ingan ma''a ion t,r1a&a2 m%atan8 %nt%( m,n,ta2(an (,lim2a1an ion &an %nt%( m,m2,la3ari 2ro',' ioni'a'i D,2(,' RI899"/. S2,(trom,tri ma''a 2a&a %m%mn+a &ig%na(an %nt%( :m,n,nt%(an ma''a mol,(%l8 m,n,nt%(an r%m%' mol,(%l &,ngan m,ngg%na(an '2,(tr%m Ma''a 0,r,'ol%'i Tinggi Hig1 R,'ol%tion Ma'' S2,;tra/ &an %nt%( m,ng,ta1%i inorma'i &ari 'tr%(t%r &,ngan m,li1at 2ola ragm,nta'in+a Sil),r't,in8,t al.89?@/. Dari anali'i' G-6MS a(an &i2,rol,1 &%a inorma'i &a'ar8 +ait% 1a'il anali'i' (romatograi ga' +ang &itam2il(an &alam *,nt%( (romatogram &an 1a'il anali'i' '2,(trom,tri ma''a +ang &itam2il(an &alam *,nt%( '2,(tr%m ma''a. Dari (romatogram &a2at &i2,rol,1 inorma'i m,ng,nai 3%mla1 (om2on,n (imia +ang t,r&a2at &alam ;am2%ran +ang &ianali'i' +ang &it%n3%((an ol,1 3%mla1 2%n;a( +ang t,r*,nt%( 2a&a (romatogram &,ngan (%antita'n+a ma'ing6ma'ing. S2,(tr%m ma''a 1a'il anali'i' 'i't,m '2,(tro'(o2i ma''a m,r%2a(an gam*aran m,ng,nai 3,ni' &an 3%mla1 ragm,n mol,(%l +ang t,r*,nt%( &ari '%at% (om2on,n (imia. S,tia2 ragm,n +ang t,r*,nt%( &ari 2,m,;a1an '%at% (om2on,n (imia m,mili(i *,rat mol,(%l +ang *,r*,&a m<> m<,8 ma''a<m%atan/. S,lan3%tn+a8 '2,(tr%m ma''a (om2on,n (imia +ang &i2,rol,1 &ari 1a'il anali'i' &ii&,ntii(a'i &,ngan ;ara &i*an&ing(an &,ngan '2,(tr%m ma''a +ang t,r&a2at &alam '%at% *an( &ata Ag%'ta8 5!!!/.
III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
4.. Ba(t% &an T,m2at P,n,litian P,n,litian ini a(an &ila(%(an &i la*oratori%m T,r2a&% Uni),r'ita' Sam Rat%langi ',lama 5 *%lan.
4.5. 0a1an P,n,litian K%lit &ari *%a1 l,mon ;%i a(an &i2,rol,1 &ari D,'a Kala',+ &imana tanaman ini *an+a( t%m*%1 liar &i &a,ra1 it%. A&a2%n *a1an (imia +ang a(an &ig%na(an &alam 2,n,litian nanti a&ala1 r,ag,n Folin6-io;alt,% &i2,rol,1 &ari M,r;( Darm'ta&t8 G,rman+/ &an a'am galat &an 86&i,nil6562i(ri1i&ra>il DPPH/ &i2,rol,1 &ari Sigma -1,;imal St. Loi'8MO/.
4.4. Alat P,n,litian Alat +ang &ig%na(an a&ala1 alat6alat g,la'8 mi(ro2i2,t8 vorte# mi#er 8 g,la' Erl,nm,+,r8 rotar+ ,)a2orator8 *otol ',r%m8 o),n8 tim*angan analiti(8 ',2,rang(at alat &,'tila'i %a28 (romatograi ga'6'2,(trom,t,r ma''a G-6MS/ S1iman>% G-6# A8 OP "!!!/.
4.7. Pro',&%r P,n,litian 4.7.. Pr,2ara'i 0a1an Hal 2,rtama +ang a(an &ila(%(an +ait% &,ngan m,nganali'i' (a&ar air 2a&a &a%n t,m*,l,(an +ang ',gar8 ',lan3%tn+a &i(,ring(an 1ingga (a&ar airn+a ',(itar ! &,ngan wa(t% 2,ng,ringan +ait% ! 1ari. K,m%&ian 8 ',t,la1 (,ring &a%n t,m*,l,(an a(an &igiling &,ngan alat 2,nggiling &an &ia+a( 'am2ai 7! m,'1 &an &ianali'i' (,m*ali (a&ar airn+a.
4.7.5. E('tra('i K%lit L,mon -%i &,ngan -ara D,'tila'i Ua2 Dima'%((an ',r*%( (%lit l,mon ;%i ',*an+a( "!! g (, &alam la*% l,1,r tiga *,r(a2a'ita' " L +ang t,la1 &i i'i 8" L air8 (,m%&ian &i1%*%ng(an 2a&a ',2,rang(at alat &,'tila'i %a2. Di 2ana'(an 2,rla1an6la1an 1ingga &i2,rol,1 &,'tilat8 &,'tilat (,m%&ian &itam2%ng &,ngan (,;,2atan 'at% t,t,' 2,r &,ti( &an ',lan3%tn+a &,'tilat &i2in&a1(an (,&alam ;orong 2i'a18 &iam*il la2i'an +ang *,rmin+a( &an la2i'an *,rair &i,('tra( &,ngan ,t,r. P,lar%tn+a &i%a2(an &,ngan m,ngg%na(an rotari ,)a2orator8 r,'i&%n+a &iga*%ng &,ngan la2i'an *,rmin+a(. K,m%&ian &,'tilat &itim*ang &an &ianali'i' (an&%ngan ,noli( &an &i %3i a(ti)ita' %nt%( ta*ir '%r+a ',rta m,ngi&,ntii(a'i (om2on,n (imian+a &,ngan (romatograi ga'6'2,(trom,t,r ma''a G-6MS/.
4.7.4. I&,ntii(a'i Kom2on,n Volatil m,ngg%na(an KG6SM Anali'i' m,ngg%na(an G-6MS m,r( S1ima&>% "!!! +ang t,la1 &il,ng(a2i &,ngan (olom (a2il,r D06 &,ngan 2an3ang (olom 4! m8 &iam,t,r int,rnaln+a a&ala1 !85" mm8 (,t,*alan a', &iam !85" m. Kon&i'i G-6MS +ang &ig%na(an a&ala1 ',*agai *,ri(%t : Program &,ngan '%1% "!!- &i2,rta1an(an ',lama " m,nit8 (,m%&ian &inai(an '%1% 1ingga 5!!!- &,ngan (,nai(an '%1% 4!<m,nit &i2,rta1an(an ',lama 5! m,nit. Ki'aran ma''a antara 4464"! &,ngan int,r)al !8" &,ti( &an r,'ol%'i ',*,'ar !!!. Int,r2r,ta'i &ari '2,(tro ma''a &ila(%(an &,ngan *ant%an ;om2%t,r8 %nt%( m,m*an&ing(an 2ola '2,(tro ma''a '%at% ',n+awa &,ngan 2ola '2,;tra ma''a 2a&a ma''a '2,;tra li*rar+. Data *a', +ang &ig%na(an a&ala1 &ata &ari N0S Li*rar+/.
4.7.7. P,n,nt%an Kan&%ngan Total F,noli( Min+a( At'iri K%lit L,mon -%i Kan&%ngan &ari total ,nol +ang *,ra&a &alam ,('tra( )olatil, a(an &it,nt%(an &,ngan m,to&, $,ong et al . 5!!"/. S,*an+a( mL 'am2,l ,('tra( &itam*a1(an (, &alam ta*%ng r,a('i &,ngan 2,nam*a1an r,ag,n Folin6-io;alt,% "!/ &an (,m%&ian ;am2%ran ini a(an &i)ort, ',lamat 4 m,nit. S,t,la1 4 m,nit8 a(an &itam*a1(an mL lar%tan Na5-O4 5. S,lan3%tn+a ;am2%ran &i'im2an &alam r%ang g,la2 &,ngan wa(t% 2,n+im2an ',(itar 4! m,nit.A*'or*an'i ,('tra( &i*a;a m,ngg%na(an '2,(trootom,t,r 2a&a J #"! nm. Ha'iln+a a(an &in+ata(an ',*agai ,(%i)al,n a'ama galat &alam mg<(g
,('tra(. K%r)a (ali*ra'i &i2,r'ia2(an 2a&a ;ara +ang 'ama m,ngg%na(an a'am galat ',*agai 'tan&ar.
4.4.". P,n,nt%an nilai SPF ',;ara in )itro P,n,nt%an ,,(ti)ita' ta*ir '%r+a &ila(%(an &,ngan m,n,nt%(an nilai SPF ',;ara in )itro &,ngan m,to&, '2,(trootom,tri Sa+r, et al . 8 9#9/. Fra('i &i,n;,r(an &,ngan (on',ntra'i "!! 22m. Di*%at (%r)a ',ra2an %3i (%),t ;m8 &,ngan 2an3ang g,lom*ang antara 59! &an4@! nm8 &ig%na(an ,tanol ',*agai *lan(o. S,ra2an lar%tan %3i m,n%n3%((an 2,ngar%1 >at +ang m,n+,ra2 ma%2%n +ang m,mant%l(an 'inar UV &alam lar%tan. K,m%&ian &i*a;a a*'or*an'i ',tia2 int,r)al " &ari 2an3ang g,lom*ang 59! nm 'am2ai 2an3ang g,lom*ang 45! nm. Unt%( m,ng1it%ng nilai SPF &ig%na(an r%m%':
¿ λ EE ( λ ) x I ¿ 320
SPF =CF +
∑¿
/ a*'or*an'i
( λ )
290
K,t
: -F EE I
Fa(tor Kor,la'i !/8 Ei'i,n'i Erit,rma8 S2,(tr%m Sim%la'i Sinar S%r+a.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ag%'ta8 A. 5!!!. $inya% &tsiri 'umbuhan 'ropi%a "ndonesia.0an&%ng : P,n,r*it IT0. 0%r&a S.8 an& Ol,'>,( B. 5!!. Antioi&ant an& anti6 ra&i;al a;ti)iti,' o la)onoi&'. ood Chemistry. 79: 5##765##9 -lar( $. 5!!". "mmiscible liuids and steam distillation. Di a(',' 2a&a @ F,*r%ar+ 5!" D,2(,' RI. 99". arma%ope "ndonesia. E&i'i 7 . $a(arta. Eaton8D.-. 9?9. Laboratory "nvestigations in *rganic Chemistry.USA :M; Graw Hill. Gritt,r8R.$. 99. Pengantar +romatografi. T,r3,ma1an Ko'a'i1 Pa&mawinata. 0an&%ng: P,n,r*it IT0. G%nawan8D.5!!#. Ram%an 'radisional ntu% +eharmonisan Suami "stri. $a(arta : P,n,*ar Swa&a+a. Harr+ R.G.8 9?5. T1, Prin;i2l, an& Pra;ti;, o mo&,rn -o'm,ti;. L,onar& Hill 0oo(. Harr+' -o'm,ti;ologi. @t1 E&ition. Lon&on. Hatan F. Sri. 5!5. &%tivitas &ntio%sidan -ari E%stra% +ulit anas ( &nanas comosus (L) $err). $%rnal Ilmia1 P1arma;on. 5: ?65.
H,rman $.R.8 &an G. 0la';1(,. 9??. &nalisis armasi. og+a(arta: Ga3a1 Ma&a Uni),r'it+ Pr,''. $,ong60,,man8 M.8 0ow&,n8 E.M.8 Ha*,rman8 $.8 Fr+miar,8 $.L8 Aram*,l6Li%8 S. Gr,,n*latt8 R.8 R,*,r8 P.$.8 Ko%nio'8 $. 5!!7. N,%ral a;ti)it+ o*',r),& in 2,o2l, 'ol)ing ),r*al 2ro*l,m' wit1 in'ig1t. Public Library of Science /iology. K1om'an8 A. 5!!7. Pangan dan 0izi ntu% +esehatan. $a(arta: Ra3a grain&o Ko,n'o,mar&i+a1. 5!!. & to 1 $inya% &tsiri untu% industri $a%anan,+osmeti% dan &romaterapi. og+a(arta : ANDI OFFSET
Lan&o8 $0 &an SH8 Maron. 9#7. undamentals of Physical Chemistry. N,w or(: Ma;millan P%*li'ing L%gman8 L.8 &an R. ,+,t. 997. Produ%si dan Perdagangan $inya% &tsiri.$a(arta : P,n,*ar Swa&a+a. Mo;1ama&8 A. 99#. 'e%ni% +romatografi ntu% &nalisis /ahan $a%anan. og+a(arta: P,n,r*it ANDI OFFSET Ro1man8 A. 5!!9. +romatografi untu% &nalisis *bat . E&i'i P,rtama. og+a(arta : Gra1a Ilm%. Sa'tro1ami&3o3o8 H. 5!!7. +imia $inya% &tsiri. og+a(arta: Ga&3a1 Ma&a Uni),r'it+ Pr,''. Sa+r,8 R. M.8 $.R. A&am'8 an& B.P. B,rgin. 9#9. 0a;t,rial 2ara6 'it, o a ;la&o;,ran: Mor21olog+8 &,),lo2m,nt in )i)o8 an& tao6 nomi; r,lation'1i2' wit1 Pa't,%ria ramo'a. "nternational 2ournal of Systematic /acteriology. Sil*,r*,rg8 MS. 5!!@. -1,mi'tr+ T1, $olecular ature of $atter and Change. E& (,67. N,w or(: M;Graw6Hill
Sil),r't,in8 R.M.8 G.-. 0a''t,r.8 &an T.-. Morrill. 9?@. Laboratory "nvestigations in *rganic Chemistry.P,n,r3,ma1 : Hartono8Ann+ Vi;tor P%r*a. P,n+i&i(an S2,(trom,tri( S,n+awa Organi(. $a(arta : Erlangga S+%(ri8 S. 999. Kimia Da'ar $ili& . 0an&%ng: P,n,r*it IT0. S%2arni8 I.8 &an A. B%lan&ari. 5!5. 3erbal usantara 4554 6amuan 'radisional &sli "ndonesia.og+a(arta : Ra21a P%*li'1ing. T3itro'o,2om,8 G.9?@. $orfologi 'umbuhan. Ga&3a1 Ma&a Uni),r'it+ Pr,''. og+a(arta.
U'man8 K.5!5. Manaat $,r%( Unt%( K,',1atan. Dalam http78!!!.lagalus.com.95498598manfaat:eru%.html8 . Dia(',' 2a&a tanggal 5 F,*r%ari 5!" V,n(ata;1alam T8 K%mar VK8 S,l)i PK8 Ma'(, AO8 K%mar NS. 5!. P1+'i;o;1,mi;al an& 2r,liminar+ 21+to;1,mi;al 't%&i,' on t1, Lantana ;amara L./ r%it'. "nternational 2ournal ofPharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4/: "56"7. Ba'itaatma&3a8 S. M. 99#/. P,n%nt%n "lmu +osmeti% $edi% . $a(arta: P,n,r*it Uni),r'ita' In&on,'ia. Hal. 48"?6"98 @56@48 65. %liani8S &an Sat%1%. 5!5. Panduan Leng%ap $inya% &siri. -,ta(an P,rtama. $a(arta : P,n,*ar Swa&a+a.
