Lightning Protection

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Lightning Protection

Facts about Lightning
• A strike can average 100 million volts of
electricity
• Current of up to 100,000 amperes
• Can generate 54,000 oF
• Lightning strikes somewhere on the Earth
every second
• Kills 100 US residents per year

Lightning Doesn’t Go Straight Down

What Does This Mean?
• Lightning can strike ground up to ten miles
from a storm (Lightning out of the blue)
• There is an average of 2-3 miles between
strikes
• So how can we tell how far away lightning
has struck?

Use The Five Second Rule
• Light travels at about 186,291 miles/second
miles
• Sound travels at only 1,088 feet/second
feet
• You will see the flash of lightning almost
immediately
• 5280/1088= 4.9
• About 5 seconds for sound to travel 1 mile

Stepped Leader

Streamers

Benjamin Franklin
memperkenalkan sistem perangkap kilat pada 1752

Tujuan Perlindungan Kilat
• Mengelakkan panahan kilat (strike)
daripada merosakkan peralatan elektrik &
elektronik
• Untuk bangunan yang melebihi dua tingkat
• Untuk bangunan tunggal di kawasan tinggi
atau lapang
• Untuk bangunan atau struktur yang
terdedah kepada ancaman kilat

Four Main Features of Lightning
Protection
• 1) Air terminal
• 2) Conductors
• 3) Ground termination
• 4) Surge protection

Sistem Perlindungan Kilat
• 1) Horizontal conductor (copper)/
aluminium)
• 2) Down Conductor (copper/ aluminium
tape, G.I)
• 3) Incpection Point/ Test Clamp
• 4) Earth Chamber
• 5) Earth Electrode
• 6) Air Terminal (copper)

Air Terminal and Conductors

Grounding Rod

Lightning Protection System Accessories

Lightning Protection System Accessories

Surge Protection Device

Surge Protection Device Installation

Surge Protection Is A Must

Lightning Protection System Installation

Lightning Protection System Installation

Faraday Cage Concept

LIGHTNING
STRIKE

Lightning Protection System

Strap Fastener

Horizontal
Conductor

Mounting
Base
Down
Conductor

LIGHTNING ROD/ AIR TERMINAL

DOWN
CONDUCTOR
FOR GROUND
CONNECTION

Copper Strap

PLATE TYPE TEST CLAMP

Jenis Down Conductor
• Pita tembaga (copper tape) – 3mm x 25mm
• Pita Aluminium
• G.I Cable

DOWN
CONDUCTOR &
TEST CLAMP

DOWN
CONDUCTOR &
TEST CLAMP

GROUND
CONNECTION

GROUND
CONNECTION

Ground Electrode
• These consist of some form of deeply buried
conductor, since the major earth resistance lies
on the top soil
• Discovered by Karl August Steinheil in 1836.
Ground can be used as a return path to
complete a circuit
• Buried copper or galvanized earth plate have
largely given place to threaded copper-clad
steel-cored rods

GROUND CONNECTION

Cadweld Method

GROUND
CONNECTION

Types Of Electrode








Earth rods or pipes
Earth tapes or wires
Earth plates
Earth electrodes embedded in foundation
Metallic reinforcement of concrete structure
Metal pipes
Lead sheaths or other metallic covering of
cables (especially underground cables)

EARTH ELECTRODES

TELECOM
GROUNDING

ELECTRICAL
POWER
GROUNDING

LIGHTNING
DOWN
CONDUCTOR
GROUNDING

EARTH LOOPS & EARTH DIFFERENTIALS

METAL PIPES GROUNDING

EARTH ELECTRODES

EARTH CLAMPS

EARTH PIT/
CHAMBER

LIGHTNING ARRESTOR EARTH

Earth Resistance
• The earth resistance depends on soil
resistivity and characteristic. The type of
suitable for earth electrode are:
• Wet marshy ground
• Clay, loam soil, arable land
• Clay soil, loam mixed with small quantity
of sand
• Damp and wet sand

Earth Resistance
• Achieving a good earth depend on local
condition. There are 3 factors:
• Moisture content of the soil
• Chemical composition of the soil
• Temperature of the soil

Earth Resistance
• In area of high soil resistivity, it is difficult
to obtain an earth resistance say 1 Ohm or
less. Several option are available in the
form of soil conditioning agent e.g copper
sulphate, sodium carbonate, bentonite &
marconite

Current Electrode
Potential Electrode
Earth Electrode

EARTH RESISTANCE TEST

EARTH RESISTANCE TEST

PURATA RINTANGAN PADA BUMI

ROCK SOIL

• 10000 OHM/ METER

Rintangan Elektrod Bumi untuk
Sistem Perlindungan Kilat
Maksima
10 Ohm
Malaysia Standard MS IEC 61024-1-1:2001,
Perenggan 2.3.3.1 menyatakan nilai rintangan
bumi untuk alat perangkap kilat hendaklah di
bawah 10 Ω.

Jenis Sambungan Ke Elektrod







Earth Clip
Plumbed joint
Brazing (copper)
Bolt & nut/ socketing
Exothermic welding (CADWELD/ FURSE WELD)
Cold pressure welding

EARTH CLIPS

EARTH TAPE CLIPS

Tamat....

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