57c27ffe87fcd7de7f5adff0f94ff826dffd1ca587fe1b7f8c1ffcefa8ff0087ca7fc136ff00e8e5 2c3ff0dbfc60ff00e77d5fc94ffc3a53fe0a2bff0046b9e33ffc1ef80fff009aca3fe1d29ff0515f fa35cf19ff00e0f7c07ffcd651ff00112fc4ff00fa2321ff00860e20f2ff00a8bfeafe81ff00126d f427ff00a48bc4ff00e2d5f09fff00a1ff0035f79fd6b7fc3e53fe09b7ff00472961ff0086dfe307 ff003bea3fe1f29ff04dbffa394b0ffc36ff00183ff9df57f253ff000e94ff00828aff00d1ae78cf ff0007be03ff00e6b28ff874a7fc1457fe8d73c67ff83df01fff0035947fc44bf13ffe88c87fe183 883cbfea2ffabfa07fc49b7d09ff00e922f13ff8b57c27ff00e87fcd7de7f5adff000f94ff00826d ff00d1ca587fe1b7f8c1ff00cefa8ff87ca7fc136ffe8e52c3ff000dbfc60ffe77d5fc94ff00c3a5 3fe0a2bff46b9e33ff00c1ef80ff00f9aca3fe1d29ff000515ff00a35cf19ffe0f7c07ff00cd651f f112fc4fff00a2321ff860e20f2ffa8bfeafe81ff126df427ffa48bc4ffe2d5f09ff00fa1ff35f79 fd6b7fc3e53fe09b7ff472961ff86dfe307ff3bea3fe1f29ff0004dbff00a394b0ff00c36ff183ff 009df57f253ff0e94ff828affd1ae78cff00f07be03ffe6b28ff00874a7fc1457fe8d73c67ff0083 df01ff00f35947fc44bf13ff00e88c87fe183883cbfea2ff00abfa07fc49b7d09ffe922f13ff008b 57c27ffe87fcd7de7f5adff0f94ff826dffd1ca587fe1b7f8c1ffcefa8ff0087ca7fc136ff00e8e5 2c3ff0dbfc60ff00e77d5fc94ffc3a53fe0a2bff0046b9e33ffc1ef80fff009aca3fe1d29ff0515f fa35cf19ff00e0f7c07ffcd651ff00112fc4ff00fa2321ff00860e20f2ff00a8bfeafe81ff00126d f427ff00a48bc4ff00e2d5f09fff00a1ff0035f79fd6b7fc3e53fe09b7ff00472961ff0086dfe307 ff003bea3fe1f29ff04dbffa394b0ffc36ff00183ff9df57f253ff000e94ff00828aff00d1ae78cf ff0007be03ff00e6b28ff874a7fc1457fe8d73c67ff83df01fff0035947fc44bf13ffe88c87fe183 883cbfea2ffabfa07fc49b7d09ff00e922f13ff8b57c27ff00e87fcd7de7fa08d14515fd187f9081 45145001451450014514500145145001451450014514500145145001451450014514500145145001 45145001451450014514500145145007ffd9}{\par}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto \rin0\lin0\itap0 {\par}}}} }}\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\s l-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard \plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-234\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\b\i 0\ul0\strike0 BRIEF\f0\fs26\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 HISTORY\par\pard\plain\sl-371\ par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen sta tes\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and thre e federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127 ,350\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sq mi) separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular\par\pard\plain\li1 891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Land borders are shared with Thailand, Indonesia,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\ f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and Brunei, and maritime borders exist wi th Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\ fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajay a is the seat of the federal government. In 2010\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0 \fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the population exceeded 27.5 million.\par\p ard\plain\sl-240\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\str ike0 Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, f rom the 18th\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 century, became subject to the British Empire. The first British territories we re known as\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the Straits Settlements, with the other states forming protectorates. The states on Peninsular\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strik e0 Malaysia, then known as Malaya, was first unified as the Malayan Union in 194 6. Malaya\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 wa s restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 August 1 957. Malaya united with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963,\par\ pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 with 'si' being added to give the new country the name Malaysia. However, less than two\par\pard \plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. Since independence,\par\pard\plain\ li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP growing an average\par\pard\plain\li189 1\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 6.5% for almost 50 years. The ec onomy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340
\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 resources, but is expanding in the secto rs of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism.\par\pard\plain\sl-240\par\ pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The head of stat e is the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, an elected monarch chosen from the\par\pard\plai n\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is\par\pard\plain\li1 891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the Prime Minister. The govern ment system is closely modelled on the Westminster\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\ f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 parliamentary system and the legal system is based on English Common Law. The country\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs2 2\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, factors tha t influence its culture and play a large role in\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0 \fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 politics. Islam is the state religion, alth ough freedom of religion is protected by a secular\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\ f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 constitution.\par\pard\plain\sl-240\par\p ard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia contains the southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, and is located\par \pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 near the equato r and has a tropical climate. It has abiodiverse range of flora and fauna, and i s\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 considered a mega diverse country. It is a founding member of the Association of Southeast \par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Asian Natio ns and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and a member of Asia-Pacific\par \pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Economic Cooper ation, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the Non-Aligned Movement.\sect\sectd\sbk page\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\pl ain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par \pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-328\par\pard\plain\li 1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 CAPITAL\par\pard\plain\sl-242\ par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 KUALA LUMPUR \par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-265\par\pard\plai n\li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 C\f0\fs20\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 URRE NT\f0\fs26\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 P\f0\fs20\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 RIME\f0\fs26\cf0 \b\i0\ul0\strike0 M\f0\fs20\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 INISTER\f0\fs20\cf0\b\i0\ul0\s trike0 OF\f0\fs26\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 M\f0\fs20\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 ALAYSIA\ par\pard\plain\sl-242\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 N\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 AJIB\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 T\f0\fs18\c f0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 UN\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 R\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\s trike0 AZAK\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-265\pa r\pard\plain\li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 CURRENCY\par\pa rd\plain\sl-242\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat2\b0\i0\ul0\stri ke0 Ringgit (RM) (MYR)\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plai n\sl-308\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 POLITICAL\f0\ fs26\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 SYSTEM\par\pard\plain\sl-367\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl -210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia is a federal constitutional elective monarchy. The system of government is closely\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl -340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 modelled on that of the Westminster parliamentary system, a legacy of British colonial\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\ f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 rule. The head of state is the Yang di-Pe rtuan Agong, commonly referred to as the king. The\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\ f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected to a fiv e-year term by and from among the nine\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\ chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hereditary rulers of the Malay states; the other four states, which have titular Governors, do\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\c f0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 not participate in the selection. By informal agre ement the position is systematically rotated\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs2 2\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 among the nine,and has been held by Mizan Zaina l Abidin of Terengganu since 2007. The\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\ chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Yang di-Pertuan Agong's role has been mostly ceremoni al since changes to the constitution in\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0
\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1994.\par\pard\plain\sl-240\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl -210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Legislative power is divided between federal and state legislatures. The bicameral\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\f s22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 federal parliament consists of the lower hous e, the House of Representativesand the upper\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs2 2\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 house, the Senate.The 222-member House of Repre sentatives is elected for a maximum term\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf 0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of five years from single-member constituencies, wh ich are determined based on population.\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0 \chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 All 70 senators sit for three-year terms; 26 are ele cted by the 13 state assemblies, and the\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf 0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 remaining 44 are appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan A gong upon the Prime Minister's\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1 \b0\i0\ul0\strike0 recommendation.The parliament follows a multi-party system an d the government is elected\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0 \i0\ul0\strike0 through a first-past-the-post system. Since independence Malaysi a has been governed by a\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0 \ul0\strike0 multi-party coalition known as the Barisan Nasional.\par\pard\plain \sl-240\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Each state has a unicameral State Legislative Assembly whose members are elected fro m\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 single-mem ber constituencies. State governments are led by Chief Ministers,who are state\p ar\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 assembly memb ers from the majority party in the assembly. In each of the states with a\par\pa rd\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hereditary ruler, the Chief Minister is required to be a Malay, appointed by the ruler upon the\se ct\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200 \par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plai n\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-303\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1 \b0\i0\ul0\strike0 recommendation of the Prime Minister.Parliamentary elections are held at least once every\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b 0\i0\ul0\strike0 five years, the most recent of which took place in March 2008. Registered voters of age 21\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0 \i0\ul0\strike0 and above may vote for the members of the House of Representativ es and, in most of the\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\u l0\strike0 states, for the state legislative chamber. Voting is not mandatory.Ex cept for elections in\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul 0\strike0 Sarawak, all state elections are held concurrently with the federal el ection.\par\pard\plain\sl-240\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\ b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Executive power is vested in the Cabinet, led by the Prime Min ister. The prime minister must\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1 \b0\i0\ul0\strike0 be a member of the house of representatives, in the opinion o f the Yang di-Pertuan Agong,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b 0\i0\ul0\strike0 commands a majority in parliament. The cabinet is chosen from m embers of both houses of\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0 \ul0\strike0 Parliament. The Prime Minister is both the head of cabinet and the head of government. The\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ ul0\strike0 incumbent, Najib Razak, appointed in 2009, and is the sixth prime mi nister since\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 independence.\par\pard\plain\sl-240\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\ch cbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia's legal system is based on English Common Law. Although the judiciary is\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\ i0\ul0\strike0 theoretically independent, supporters of the government hold many judicial positions. The\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0 \ul0\strike0 highest court in the judicial system is the Federal Court, followed by the Court of Appeal and\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0 \i0\ul0\strike0 two high courts, one for Peninsular Malaysia and one for East Ma laysia. Malaysia also has a\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0 \i0\ul0\strike0 special court to hear cases brought by or against Royalty. Separ ate from the civil courts are\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\
b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the Syariah Courts, which decide on cases which involve Malays ian Muslims and run parallel\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b 0\i0\ul0\strike0 to the normal court system. The Internal Security Act allows de tention without trial, and\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\ i0\ul0\strike0 the death penalty is in use for crimes such as drug trafficking.\ par\pard\plain\sl-240\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul 0\strike0 Race is a significant force in politics, and many of the political par ties are ethnically based.\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\ i0\ul0\strike0 Actions such as the New Economic Policy and the National Developm ent Policy which\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\str ike0 superseded it, were implemented to advance the standing of the bumiputra, w ho are\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 consi dered the original inhabitants of Malaysia, over non-bumiputra such as Malaysian \par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Chinese and Malaysian Indians. These policies provide preferential treatment to Malays over \par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 non-Malays in employment, education, scholarships, business, and access to cheaper housing\ par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and assisted savings. However, it has generated greater interethnic resentment. Debate exist s\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 over wheth er the country should be secular or Islamic. Some state governments controlled b y\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the Pan-Ma laysian Islamic Party, including that of Terengganu, have passed Islamic laws, b ut\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 these hav e not gone into effect due to opposition from the federal government.\sect\sectd \sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\par d\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200 \par\pard\plain\sl-312\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-201\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul 0\strike0 CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft1999\shptop1874\shpright10150\shpbottom14323 \shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage \shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz3\shplid2864 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 29023}} {\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn dxTextLeft}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn dyTextTop}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn dxTextRight}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn dyTextBottom}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}} {\shptxt\pard\li5\sl240\slmult1\sb34\f3\fs21\b0\expnd0\expndtw1\charscalex100 \trowd\irow0\trgaph0\trrh-864\trql\trleft0 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf3\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf3\clcbpat3\cltxlrtb\cellx1152 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf3\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf3\clcbpat3\cltxlrtb\cellx6749 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf3\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf3\clcbpat3\cltxlrtb\cellx8091 \pard\plain\intbl\li36\sl-564\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Date\cell \pard\plain\intbl\li40\sl-564\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Changes\f0\fs22\cf0\ b0\i0\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\s trike0 exchange\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 rate\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strik e0 regime\cell \pard\plain\intbl\li45\sl-305\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysian\par\pard\p lain\intbl\li45\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Ringgit\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\u l0\strike0 per\par\pard\plain\intbl\li45\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 U .S.\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Dollar\cell \row \trowd\irow1\trgaph0\trrh-1644\trql\trleft0
99)\cell \cell \row }{\par} }}\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\s l-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard \plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-234\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\b\i 0\ul0\strike0 CURRENCY\f0\fs26\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 FLUCTUATIONS\par\pard\plain \sl-367\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The Cross-currency valuation (US dollar) in Malaysia was reported at 895541404.70 in 2008,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 accor ding to the World Bank. Cross-currency valuation shows the change in debt stock due to\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 cross -currency valuation effects. Cross-currency valuation effects arise from movemen ts in\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the va lue of the U.S. dollar against other world currencies, as well as debt forgivene ss or\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 reduct ion, and affect the value of developing country debt. Countries contract debt in various\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 cur rencies. The debt data that countries report to the DRS is expressed in the curr encies in\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 wh ich the original debt was contracted or in currencies in which it is repayable. For purposes\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of standardization and aggregation, the DRS converts these amounts into dollar values. The\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 exchange rates used are generally the par values or central rates specified by t he IMF or\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ma rket rates when necessary. Exchange rates in effect at the end of any given year are used to\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 convert the stock of debt outstanding for that year in various currencies into the nominal\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 dollar value. Data are in current U.S. dollars.This page includes a historical d ata chart, news\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\stri ke0 and forecats for Cross-currency valuation (US dollar) in Malaysia. Malaysia is a rapidly\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 developing economy in Asia. Malaysia, a middle-income country, has transformed itself\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 since the 1970s from a producer of raw materials into an emerging multi-sector econom y.\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The Gover nment of Malaysia is continuing efforts to boost domestic demand to wean the\par \pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 economy off of its dependence on exports. Nevertheless, exports - particularly of electronics \par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 remain a si gnificant driver of the economy. {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft1891\shptop6917\shpright2347\shpbottom7373 \shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage \shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz55\shplid1840 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 456}} {\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 456}} {\sp{\sn posrelh}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn posrelv}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn shapePath}{\sv 4}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(0,456);(456,456);(456,0);(0,0);(0,456)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;2457 7;32768}} {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}
{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 16777215}} {\sp{\sn lineWidth}{\sv 12700}} {\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn lineDashing}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}} }}\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\sected\cols1\colno1\colw12240\pard \plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\ par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-234\par\pard\plain \li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 MALAYSIA IMPORT/EXPORT\par\ pard\plain\sl-290\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\st rike0 Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia, has been a trade hub for centuries. Since the beginning\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0 \strike0 of history, Malacca has served as a fundamental regional commercial cen ter for Chinese,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\str ike0 Indian, Arab and Malay merchants for trade of precious goods. Today, Malays ia shares\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 he althy trade relations with a number of countries, specifically the US. The count ry is\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 associ ated with trade organizations, such as APEC, ASEAN and WTO. The ASEAN Free\par\p ard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Trade Area that w as established for trade promotion among ASEAN members also has\par\pard\plain\l i1891\sl-302\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia as its founding mem ber. Malaysia has also signed Free Trade Agreements with\par\pard\plain\li1891\s l-292\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 countries including Japan, Pakistan , China and New Zealand.\par\pard\plain\sl-351\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\f s22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia was once the world\u182?s largest pr oducer of tin, rubber and palm oil. Its manufacturing\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-2 63\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sector has a crucial role in its econo mic growth. The\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul\strike0 export industry\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hit\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike 0 hard\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 during\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the \par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 late 2000 e conomic recession drastically dropping to 78% i.e. FDI to RM4.2 billion in the\p ar\pard\plain\li1891\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 first two qua rters of 2009. Total exports fell down to $156.4 billion in 2009 from $198.7\par \pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 billion in 2008 . The imports also reduced from 154.7 billion in 2008 to $119.5 billion 2009.\pa r\pard\plain\sl-329\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\s trike0 Malaysia Exports Commodities\par\pard\plain\sl-309\par\pard\plain\li1891\ sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia mainly exports the follow ing commodities:\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw1870\colsr10\colno2\co lw10360\pard\plain\sl-393\par\pard\plain\li1665\sl-147\f1\fs18\charscalex18\cf0\ b0\i0\ul0\strike0 y\par\pard\plain\li1665\sl-263\f1\fs18\charscalex18\cf0\b0\i0\ ul0\strike0 y\par\pard\plain\li1665\sl-254\f1\fs18\charscalex18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\st rike0 y\par\pard\plain\li1665\sl-264\f1\fs18\charscalex18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 y\par\pard\plain\li1665\sl-254\f1\fs18\charscalex18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 y\par\ pard\plain\li1665\sl-263\f1\fs18\charscalex18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 y\par\pard\p lain\li1665\sl-254\f1\fs18\charscalex18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 y\par\pard\plain\s l-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard \plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-265\par\pard\plain\li1665\ sl-147\f1\fs18\charscalex18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 y\par\pard\plain\li1665\sl-264 \f1\fs18\charscalex18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 y\par\pard\plain\li1665\sl-254\f1\fs 18\charscalex18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 y\par\pard\plain\li1665\sl-263\f1\fs18\cha rscalex18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 y\par\pard\plain\li1665\sl-254\f1\fs18\charscale x18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 y\par\pard\plain\li1665\sl-264\f1\fs18\charscalex18\cf 0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 y\par\pard\plain\li1665\sl-254\f1\fs18\charscalex18\cf0\b0\i 0\ul0\strike0 y\par\pard\column\plain\sl-312\par\pard\plain\li115\sl-210\f0\fs22
\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Electronic\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul\strike0 equipme nt\par\pard\plain\li115\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Petroleum and liquefied natural gas\par\pard\plain\li115\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0 \ul0\strike0 Wood and wood products\par\pard\plain\li115\sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcb pat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Palm oil\par\pard\plain\li115\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1 \b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Rubber\par\pard\plain\li115\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0 \ul0\strike0 Textiles\par\pard\plain\li115\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0 \strike0 Chemicals\par\pard\plain\sl-334\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\c hcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia Imports Commodities\par\pard\plain\sl-309\par\ pard\plain\li0\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia mainly imp orts the following commodities:\par\pard\plain\sl-312\par\pard\plain\li115\sl-21 0\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Electronics\par\pard\plain\li115\sl-264 \f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Machinery\par\pard\plain\li115\sl-254\f0 \fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Petroleum products\par\pard\plain\li115\sl264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Plastics\par\pard\plain\li115\sl-254\ f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Vehicles\par\pard\plain\li115\sl-263\f0\f s22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Iron and steel products\par\pard\plain\li115\ sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Chemicals {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft8040\shptop4824\shpright10176\shpbottom5078 \shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage \shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz31\shplid1855 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2136}} {\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 254}} {\sp{\sn posrelh}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn posrelv}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn shapePath}{\sv 4}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(0,254);(2136,254);(2136,0);(0,0);(0,254)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;2457 7;32768}} {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 16777215}} {\sp{\sn lineWidth}{\sv 12700}} {\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn lineDashing}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}} }}\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\sected\cols1\colno1\colw12240\pard \plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\ par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-238\par\pard\plain \li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 BANKING SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA\ par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-303\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 1. The Bankin g System in Malaysia\par\pard\plain\sl-312\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\ cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The banking system, comprising commercial banks, investment banks, and Islamic banks, is\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0 \chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the primary mobiliser of funds and the main source o f financing which supports economic\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chc bpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 activities in Malaysia. The non-bank financial intermedi aries, comprising development\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\ b0\i0\ul0\strike0 financial institutions, provident and pension funds insurance companies, and takaful\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\u l0\strike0 operators, complement the banking institutions in mobilising savings and meeting the\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\stri ke0 financial needs of the economy.\par\pard\plain\sl-321\par\pard\plain\li1891\ sl-201\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 The Central Bank\par\pard\plain\sl312\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Bank Neg
ara Malaysia (the Bank), the Central Bank of Malaysia, is at the apex of the\par \pard\plain\li1891\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 monetary and fi nancial structure of the country. The principal objective of the Bank is to\par\ pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 promote monetary stability and financial stability conducive to the sustainable growth of the\pa r\pard\plain\li1891\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysian econ omy. Its primary functions as set out in the newly enacted Central Bank of\par\p ard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia Act 2009 are to:\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw2270\colsr10\colno2\colw9960\p ard\plain\sl-351\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u13 5?\par\pard\plain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\stri ke0 \u135?\par\pard\plain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ ul0\strike0 \u135?\par\pard\plain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf 0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u135?\par\pard\plain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0 \fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u135?\par\pard\plain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li1891\s l-210\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u135?\par\pard\plain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\ li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u135?\par\pard\plain\sl-317\par\par d\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u135?\par\pard\plain\sl-317 \par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u135?\par\pard\colu mn\plain\sl-351\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 formulat e\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 conduct\f0\f s22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 monetary\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 policy\f0\fs2 2\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia;\par\pard\pl ain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 issue\f0\fs22 \cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 currency\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs22\cf0\b 0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia;\par\pard\plain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-210\f0\f s22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 regulate\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs22\cf 0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 supervise\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 financial\f0\fs22\ cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 institutions\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 which\f0\fs22 \cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 are\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 subject\f0\fs22\cf0\b 0\i0\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\st rike0 laws\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 enforced\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike 0 by\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Bank;\pa r\pard\plain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 prov ide\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 oversight\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 over \f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 money\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs22 \cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 foreign\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 exchange\f0\fs22\ cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 markets;\par\pard\plain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-210\ f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 exercise\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 oversight\ f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 over\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 payment\f0\fs 22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 systems;\par\pard\plain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-2 10\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 promote\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs2 2\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sound,\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 progressive\f0\fs 22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 inclusive\f0\fs22\c f0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 financial\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 system;\par\pard\ plain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hold\f0\fs2 2\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 manage\f0\fs22\cf0\b 0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 foreign\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\u l0\strike0 reserves\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\str ike0 Malaysia;\par\pard\plain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i 0\ul0\strike0 promote\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 an\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\st rike0 exchange\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 rate\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike 0 regime\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 consistent\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike 0 with\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 fundam entals\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\f s22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 economy;\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\par\pard\ plain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li0\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 act\f0\fs22 \cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 as\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 financial\f0\fs22\cf0\ b0\i0\ul0\strike0 adviser,\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 banker\f0\fs22\cf0\b0 \i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 financial\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\
ul0\strike0 agent\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strik e0 the\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Government.\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols1 \colno1\colw12240\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-381\par\pard\plain\li1891\ sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 To achieve its mandates, the Bank is vested with powers under various laws to regulate and\par\pard\plain\li1891\s l-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 supervise the banking institutions and other non-bank financial intermediaries. The Bank also\par\pard\plain\li1891 \sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 administers the country\u182?s fo reign exchange regulations.\par\pard\plain\sl-334\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-235\f 0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Financial Institutions\par\pard\plain\sl-30 9\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The follow ing table provides an overview of the number of financial institutions as at end -\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 November 2 009:\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain \sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pa rd\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-20 0\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\pla in\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\ pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\p lain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\pa r\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\s l-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-398\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f 0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Banks, including Islamic banks, operate th rough a network of more than 2,651 branches\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22 \cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 across the country. Six Malaysian banking groups have presence in 19 countries through\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\ chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 branches, representative offices, subsidiaries and jo int ventures. There are also 22 foreign\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0 \chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 banks which maintain representative offices in Malay sia. They do not conduct normal\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat 1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 banking business but provide liaison services and facilitate information exchange between\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\ b0\i0\ul0\strike0 business interests in Malaysia and their counterparts.\par\par d\plain\sl-312\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strik e0 Following the announcement in April 2009 of the liberalisation measures for t he financial\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 services sector which includes the issuances of new licences and increase of fo reign equity\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 limits, there has been great interest by international financial institutions t o establish presence\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0 \strike0 in Malaysia. The liberalisation measures aim to strengthen Malaysia's e conomic interlinkages\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul 0\strike0 with other economies and enhance the role of the financial sector as a key enabler and\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\str ike0 catalyst of economic growth.\par\pard\plain\sl-329\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl -235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Islamic Banking Industry\par\pard\pla in\sl-309\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Is lamic banking refers to a system of banking that complies with Islamic law also known as\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Sha riah law. The underlying principles that govern Islamic banking are mutual risk and profit\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 s haring between parties, the assurance of fairness for all and that transactions are based on an\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\stri ke0 underlying business activity or asset.\par\pard\plain\sl-312\par\pard\plain\ li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 These principles are suppor ted by Islamic banking\u182?s core values whereby activities that\par\pard\plain \li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 cultivate entrepreneurship , trade and commerce and bring societal development or benefit is\par\pard\plain \li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 encouraged. Activities tha
t involve interest (riba), gambling (maisir) and speculative trading\par\pard\pl ain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (gharar) are prohibited .\par\pard\plain\sl-312\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ ul0\strike0 Malaysia has emerged at the forefront in the development of Islamic finance and has a\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\st rike0 comprehensive and vibrant Islamic financial system which includes Islamic Banking, Islamic\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\str ike0 Capital Market, Takaful and Retakaful, and Islamic Interbank Money Market. Presently, {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft1831\shptop1380\shpright10190\shpbottom6499 \shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage \shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz3\shplid2992 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 29039}} {\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn dxTextLeft}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn dyTextTop}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn dxTextRight}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn dyTextBottom}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}} {\shptxt\pard\li5\sl240\slmult1\sb34\f3\fs21\b0\expnd0\expndtw1\charscalex100 \trowd\irow0\trgaph0\trrh-1171\trql\trleft0 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf6\clcbpat6\cltxlrtb\cellx3845 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf6\clcbpat6\cltxlrtb\cellx5059 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf6\clcbpat6\cltxlrtb\cellx6609 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf6\clcbpat6\cltxlrtb\cellx8299 \pard\plain\intbl\li60\sl-506\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Financial\f0\fs22\cf0 \b0\i\ul0\strike0 Institution\cell \pard\plain\intbl\li64\sl-506\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Total\cell \pard\plain\intbl\li64\sl-506\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Malaysian\f0\fs22\cf0 \b0\i\ul0\strike0 -\par\pard\plain\intbl\li64\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik e0 Controlled\par\pard\plain\intbl\li64\sl-302\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Inst itutions\cell \pard\plain\intbl\li69\sl-506\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Foreign\f0\fs22\cf0\b 0\i\ul0\strike0 -\par\pard\plain\intbl\li69\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Controlled\par\pard\plain\intbl\li69\sl-302\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Instit utions\cell \row \trowd\irow1\trgaph0\trrh-341\trql\trleft0 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf6\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clcbpat1\cltxlrtb\cellx3845 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf6\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clcbpat1\cltxlrtb\cellx5059 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf6\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clcbpat1\cltxlrtb\cellx6609 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf6\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clcbpat1\cltxlrtb\cellx8299 \pard\plain\intbl\li60\sl-314\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Commercial\f0\fs22\c f0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Banks\cell \pard\plain\intbl\li64\sl-314\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 22\cell \pard\plain\intbl\li64\sl-314\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 9\cell \pard\plain\intbl\li69\sl-314\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 13\cell \row \trowd\irow2\trgaph0\trrh-576\trql\trleft0 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrr\b
rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clcbpat1\cltxlrtb\cellx3845 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clcbpat1\cltxlrtb\cellx5059 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clcbpat1\cltxlrtb\cellx6609 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf5\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf4\clcbpat1\cltxlrtb\cellx8299 \pard\plain\intbl\li60\sl-314\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Development\f0\fs22\ cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 financial\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 institutions\cel l \pard\plain\intbl\li64\sl-314\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 13\cell \pard\plain\intbl\li64\sl-314\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 13\cell \pard\plain\intbl\li69\sl-314\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 -\cell \row }{\par} }}\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\s l-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard \plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-222\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chc bpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia\u182?s Islamic banking assets reach RM281.7 bil lion (USD82.9 billion at exchange rate\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\ chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of 3.4) with an average growth rate 18-20% annually.\ par\pard\plain\sl-312\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul 0\strike0 In terms of product offering, more than 60 Islamic financial products and services are\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\str ike0 available in the market. The emergence of new innovative products and finan cial instruments\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\str ike0 that incorporate globally accepted Shariah principles such as musyarakah mu tanaqisah home\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strik e0 financing, Ijarah sukuk, commodity murabahah deposits and Islamic profit rate swap in the\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 industry have further elevated the domestic Islamic financial sector to the nex t stage of\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 a dvancement.\par\pard\plain\sl-334\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbp at1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Development Financial Institution\par\pard\plain\sl-309\par \pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia has se veral development financial institutions (DFIs) that were set up with specific\p ar\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 objectives to develop and promote strategic economic sectors, including the manufacturing,\pa r\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 agriculture, i nfrastructure and maritime sectors, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as\par\ pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 well as sectors that are export oriented.\par\pard\plain\sl-308\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\ fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 These DFIs complement the banking institutio ns by providing a range of specialised financial\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0 \fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and non-financial products and services to suit the needs of the targeted strategic sectors.\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f 0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 These include the provision of medium to l ong-term loans, equity capital, guarantees for\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\f s22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 loans and a range of supplementary financial and business advisory services. Currently, six\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\f s22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 DFIs have been placed under the purview of th e Development Financial Institutions Acts\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\c f0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2002 and regulated by the Bank to enhance the over all performance, efficiency and\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat 1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 effectiveness in delivering their mandated roles.\par\pard\p lain\sl-329\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 M alaysia International Islamic Financial Centre\par\pard\plain\sl-309\par\pard\pl ain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 In August 2006, the Mal aysia International Islamic Financial Centre (MIFC) initiative was\par\pard\plai
n\li1891\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 launched to promote Malay sia as a major hub for international Islamic finance.\par\pard\plain\sl-312\par\ pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The MIFC initiat ive comprises a community network of financial and market regulatory\par\pard\pl ain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bodies, Government mini stries and agencies, financial institutions, human capital\par\pard\plain\li1891 \sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 development institutions and prof essional services companies that are participating in the\par\pard\plain\li1891\ sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 field of Islamic finance.\par\pard \plain\sl-312\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike 0 This market vibrancy is reflected by the continual innovation in providing a w ide range of\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Islamic financial instruments, and growth in the number of domestic and interna tional\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 finan cial institutions. It is further supported by thought leaders and a robust legal , supervisory\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike 0 and regulatory framework coupled with strong Government support, and global Sh ariah best\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 p ractices to conduct Islamic finance activities such as Sukuk Origination, Islami c Fund and\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 W ealth Management, International Islamic Banking, International Takaful and Human \par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Capital Dev elopment, while enjoying attractive incentives.\par\pard\plain\sl-312\par\pard\p lain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The establishment of t he MIFC as one of the key intermediation linkages in the global market\par\pard\ plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 place, has an importa nt role in accelerating the bridging process and strengthening the\par\pard\plai n\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 relationship between inte rnational Islamic financial markets and thereby expand the\par\pard\plain\li1891 \sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 investment and trade relations be tween the Middle East, West Asia and North Africa with\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 East Asia. Situated centrally in the Asian time zone, Malaysia presents itself as a meeting\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 place for those with surplus funds an d those who seek to raise funds from any part of the\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-25 9\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 world.\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\p ghsxn15840\sected\cols1\colno1\colw12240\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200 \par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plai n\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-222\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1 \b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The MIFC initiatives aims to position Malaysia as the Islamic financial hub through five\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0 \i0\ul0\strike0 focus areas:\par\pard\plain\sl-360\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-201\ f0\fs22\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 i.\f0\fs22\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Sukuk\f0\fs22\cf0\ b\i0\ul0\strike0 Origination\par\pard\plain\sl-322\par\pard\plain\li2193\sl-210 \f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 A\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 platform\f0\fs22 \cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 for\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 government\f0\fs22\cf 0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 agencies,\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 multinational\f0\f s22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 corporations\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs 22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 multilateral\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 developmen t\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 banks\par\pard\plain\li2193\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\ b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 financial\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0 \ul0\strike0 institutions\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 across\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\ i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 world\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\s trike0 to\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 originate\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike 0 sukuk\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 out\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of\f0 \fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia.\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Sukuk\f0\f s22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (plural\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs22\cf0 \b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sakk)\par\pard\plain\li2193\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\str ike0 or\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Islamic\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bo nds\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 is\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs22
in\li2231\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Securities\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\ strike0 Commission\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 until\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\s trike0 year\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 as sessment\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2015.\par\pard\plain\sl-317\par\pard\pla in\li1891\sl-215\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 vi.\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Stamp\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 duty\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 exemp tion\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 on\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 instrument s\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 used\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs22\ cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 issue\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sukuk\f0\fs22\cf0\b0 \i0\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 any\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\str ike0 currency\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 until\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike 0 year\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of\par\pard\plain\li2231\sl-292\f0\fs22\c f0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 assessment\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2015.\par\pard\pl ain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-215\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 vii.\f0\fs 22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Tax\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 exemption\f0\fs22\c f0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 withholding\f0\fs22\cf0 \b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tax\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 exemption\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\ i0\ul0\strike0 on\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 interest\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0 \strike0 or\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 profits\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike 0 received\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 by\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 non -\par\pard\plain\li2231\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 resident\f0\fs22\cf 0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 investors\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 from\f0\fs22\cf0\b 0\i0\ul0\strike0 investment\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0 \ul0\strike0 Islamic\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 securities\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i 0\ul0\strike0 issued\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\st rike0 any\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 currency,\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike 0 other\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 than\par\pard\plain\li2231\sl-292\f0\fs2 2\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 convertible\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 loan\f0\fs22\ cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 stock,\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 approved\f0\fs22\cf 0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 by\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0 \strike0 Securities\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Commission.\sect\sectd\sbkpa ge\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plai n\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\p ard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-362\par\pard\plain\li18 91\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 ECONOMIC-TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIA L SYSTEM IN\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-302\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 M ALAYSIA\par\pard\plain\sl-391\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\ b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Economy of Malaysia \f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 is a growing and relatively open stateoriented and newly\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\s trike0 industrialised market economy.The state plays a significant but declining role in guiding\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\str ike0 economic activity through macroeconomic plans. In 2007, the economy of Mala ysia was the\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 3rd largest economy in South East Asia and 28th largest economy in the world by purchasing\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 power parity with gross domestic product for 2008 of $222 billion with a growth rate of 5%\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 t o 7% since 2007In 2009, GDP per capita (PPP) of Malaysia stands at US$14,900.In 2009,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the no minal GDP was US$383.6 billion, and the nominal per capital GDP was US$8,100.\pa r\pard\plain\sl-240\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\ strike0 The Southeast Asian nation experienced an economic boom and underwent ra pid\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 developm ent during the late 20th century and has a GDP per capita of $14,800, being\par\ pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 considered a new ly industrialized country. On the income distribution, there are 5.8 million\par \pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 households in 2 007. Of that, 8.6% have an monthly income below RM1,000, 29.4% had\par\pard\plai n\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 between RM1,000 and RM2,0
00, while 19.8% earned between RM2,001 and RM3,000;\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340 \f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 12.9% of the households earned between R M3,001 and RM4,000 and 8.6% between\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chc bpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 RM4,001 and RM5,000. Finally, around 15.8% of the househ olds have an income of between\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1 \b0\i0\ul0\strike0 RM5,001 and RM10,000 and 4.9% have an income of RM10,000 and above.\par\pard\plain\sl-240\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b 0\i0\ul0\strike0 As one of three countries that control the Strait of Malacca, i nternational trade plays a large\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpa t1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 role in its economy.At one time, it was the largest produce r of tin, rubber and palm oil in the\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\ch cbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 world.Manufacturing has a large influence in the countr y's economy.Malaysia is the world's\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chc bpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 largest Islamic banking and financial centre.\par\pard\p lain\sl-240\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Since it became independent in 1957, Malaysia's economic record has been one of Asia's\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 best. Real gross domestic product (GDP) grew by an average of 6.5% per year from 1957 to\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2005. Pe rformance peaked in the early 1980s through the mid-1990s, as the economy\par\pa rd\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 experienced sustai ned rapid growth averaging almost 8% annually. High levels of foreign and\par\pa rd\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 domestic private i nvestment played a significant role as the economy diversified and\par\pard\plai n\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 modernized. Once heavily dependent on primary products such as rubber and tin, Malaysia\par\pard\plain\li 1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 today is a middle-income coun try with a multi-sector economy based on services and\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-3 40\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 manufacturing. Malaysia is one of the world's largest exporters of semiconductor components\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-3 35\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and devices, electrical goods, solar p anels, and information and communication technology\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340 \f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (ICT) products.\par\pard\plain\sl-240\pa r\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia's cap ital market crossed the RM2 trillion threshold for the first time ever as at end -\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2010. The capital market had achieved an annual compounded growth rate of 11% from\par\par d\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 RM717bil in 2000 du e to rapid industry expansion and strong regulatory oversight that\par\pard\plai n\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 underpinned investor conf idence in the Malaysian capital market. {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft6902\shptop3082\shpright7330\shpbottom3082 \shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage \shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz10\shplid3456 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn shapePath}{\sv 4}} {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn lineWidth}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn lineDashing}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn posrelh}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn posrelv}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}} }} {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft9058\shptop3082\shpright9605\shpbottom3082 \shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage
i0\ul0\strike0 (2007\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 est.)\cell \row \trowd\irow7\trgaph0\trrh-991\trql\trleft0 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf2\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf7\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf2\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf2\clcbpat2\cltxlrtb\cellx1742 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf2\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf2\clbrdrr\b rdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf7\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf2\clcbpat2\cltxlrtb\cellx5865 \pard\plain\intbl\li74\sl-504\f0\fs22\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Labour\f0\fs22\cf0\b\ i0\ul0\strike0 force\par\pard\plain\intbl\li74\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\b\i0\ul0\stri ke0 by\f0\fs22\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 occupation\cell \pard\plain\intbl\li50\sl-504\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 agriculture:\f0\fs22 \cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (13%),\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 industry:\f0\fs22\ cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (36%),\par\pard\plain\intbl\li50\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0 \ul0\strike0 services:\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (51%)\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul 0\strike0 (200\cell \row }{\par} }}\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\s l-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard \plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-234\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\b\i 0\ul0\strike0 SOCIAL\f0\fs26\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 SYSTEM\par\pard\plain\sl-290\ par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 As of the 20 10 census, the population of Malaysia was 28,334,135, making it the 43rd most\pa r\pard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 populated coun try. The population of Malaysia consists of many ethnic groups. Malays make\par\ pard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 up 50.4 per cent of the population, while other bumiputra make up another 11 per\par\pard\plain\ li1891\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 cent. According to constitu tional definition, Malays are Muslims who practice Malay\par\pard\plain\li1891\s l-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 customs and culture. They play a do minant role politically. Bumiputra status is also accorded\par\pard\plain\li1891 \sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 to certain non-Malay indigenous p eoples, including ethnic Thais, Khmers, Chams and the\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-3 02\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 natives of Sabah and Sarawak. Non-Mala y bumiputra make up more than half of Sarawak's\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\ fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 population and over two thirds of Sabah's po pulation. There also exist aboriginal groups in\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\ fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 much smaller numbers on the peninsula, where they are collectively known as Orang\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-292\f0\fs22\cf0\c hcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Asli. Laws over who gets bumiputra status vary between states.\par\pard\plain\sl-279\par\pard\plain\li1953\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1 \b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Other minorities who lack bumiputra status make up a large am ount of the population. 23.7\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b 0\i0\ul0\strike0 per cent of the population are of Chinese descent, while those of Indian descent comprise 7.1\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1 \b0\i0\ul0\strike0 per cent of the population. The Chinese have historically bee n dominant in the business and\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-302\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1 \b0\i0\ul0\strike0 commerce community, and form the majority of the population o f Penang. Indians began\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ ul0\strike0 migrating to Malaysia in the early 19th century. The majority of the Indian community\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\st rike0 are Tamils. Many Europeans and Middle Easterners assimilated through inter -marriage into\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strik e0 the Christian and Muslim communities respectively. Most Eurasian Malaysians t race their\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-297\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 a ncestry to British, Dutch or Portuguese colonists.\par\pard\plain\sl-302\par\par d\plain\li1891\sl-201\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Religion\par\pard\pl ain\sl-216\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 T he Malaysian constitution guarantees freedom of religion while making Islam the
state\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-345\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 religi on.\f0\fs14\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 [154]\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 According to the Population and Housing Census 2000 figures, ethnicity and\par\p ard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 religious beliefs correlate highly. Approximately 60.4% of the population are\par\pard\plain\li18 91\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 practicing Islam. 19.2% Buddhis m; 9.1% Christianity; 6.3%Hinduism; and 2.6%\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs2 2\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 practice Confucianism, Taoism and other traditi onal Chinese religions. 0.8% reported having\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs2 2\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 no religion, and the remaining 1.5% practised a nother religion or did not provide any\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\ chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 information.\par\pard\plain\sl-240\par\pard\plain\li1 891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 All ethnic Malays are consider ed Muslim by law of the Constitution. Statistics from the 2000\par\pard\plain\li 1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Census indicate that 75.9% of the Chinese population identify as Buddhist, with significant\par\pard\plain\li 1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 numbers of adherents followin g Taoism (10.6%) and Christianity (9.6%), along with\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-34 0\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 small Hui-Muslim populations in areas l ike Penang.The majority of the Indian population\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0 \fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 follow Hinduism (84.5%), with a significant minority identifying as Christians (7.7%),\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22 \cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Muslims (3.8%), over 150,000 Sikhs, and 1,000 Ja ins. Christianity is the predominant\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\ch cbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 religion of the non-Malay bumiputra community (50.1%) w ith an additional 36.3%\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ ul0\strike0 identifying as Muslims and 7.3% follow folk religion\sect\sectd\sbkp age\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\pla in\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\ pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-352\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-201\f0\fs22\cf0 \chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Language\par\pard\plain\sl-221\par\pard\plain\li1891\ sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The official language of Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia, a standardised form of the Malay\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-34 0\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 language Historically English was the d e facto administrative language, with Malay\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22 \cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 becoming predominant after the 1969 race riots. English remains an active second language,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\ cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and serves as the medium of instruction for maths and sciences in all public\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0 \i0\ul0\strike0 schools.\f0\fs14\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 [161][162]\f0\fs22\cf0\ch cbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysian English, also known as Malaysian Standard En glish (MySE), is a\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\s trike0 form of English derived from British English. Malaysian English sees wide use in business,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\st rike0 along with Manglish, which is a colloquial form of English with heavy Mala y, Chinese,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and Tamil influences. The government discourages the misuse of Malay and has ins tituted\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 fine s for public signs that mix Malay and English.\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-329\f0\f s14\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 EDUCATION\par\pard\plain\sl-363\par\pard\plain\li1891\ sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The education system features a no n-compulsory kindergarten education followed by six\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335 \f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 years of compulsory primary education, a nd five years of optional secondary\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chc bpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 education. Schools in the primary education system are d ivided into two categories: national\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\ch cbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 primary schools and vernacular schools. Vernacular scho ols use either Chinese or Tamil as\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcb pat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the medium of instruction, whereas national primary schoo ls use Bahasa Malaysia as the\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\
b0\i0\ul0\strike0 medium of instruction for all subjects except English, Science and Mathematics. Before\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0 \ul0\strike0 progressing to the secondary level of education, pupils in Year Six are required to sit for\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0 \ul0\strike0 the Primary School Achievement Test.\par\pard\plain\sl-240\par\pard \plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Secondary education is conducted in secondary schools for five years. National secondary\par\pard\pl ain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 schools also use Bahasa Malaysia as the language of instruction except in mathematics,\par\pard\plain\l i1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 science, and language classe s. At the end of Form Three, students are evaluated in the Lower\par\pard\plain\ li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Secondary Assessment, altho ugh this is set to be abolished by 2016. In the final year of\par\pard\plain\li1 891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 secondary education, students sit for the Malaysian Certificate of Education examination. The\par\pard\plain\l i1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 government has decided to ab andon the use of English in teaching maths and science and\par\pard\plain\li1891 \sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 revert to Bahasa Malaysia, starti ng in 2012. Before the introduction of the matriculation\par\pard\plain\li1891\s l-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 system, students aiming to enter pu blic universities had to complete an additional 18 months\par\pard\plain\li1891\ sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of secondary schooling in Form Six and sit theMalaysian Higher School Certificate. Since the\par\pard\plain\li1891 \sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 introduction of the matriculation programme as an alternative in 1999, students who\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\ f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 completed the 12-month programme in matri culation colleges can enroll in local universities.\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340 \f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 However, in the matriculation system, on ly 10 per cent of places are open to non-bumiputra\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\ f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 students.\par\pard\plain\sl-240\par\pard\ plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 CULTURE\par\pard\plai n\sl-240\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Mal aysia is a multi-ethnic, multicultural and multilingual society. The original cu lture of the\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 area stemmed from indigenous tribes that lived there, along with theMalays who later moved\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 there. Substantial influence exists from Chinese and Indian culture, dating back to when {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft1891\shptop5290\shpright2770\shpbottom5549 \shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage \shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz33\shplid1950 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 879}} {\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 259}} {\sp{\sn posrelh}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn posrelv}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn shapePath}{\sv 4}} {\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;5;(0,259);(878,259);(878,0);(0,0);(0,259)}} {\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;2457 7;32768}} {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 16777215}} {\sp{\sn lineWidth}{\sv 12700}} {\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn lineDashing}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}
{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}} }}\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\s l-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard \plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-303\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chc bpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 foreign trade began in the area. Other cultures that hea vily influenced the culture of Malaysia\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0 \chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 include Persian, Arabic, and British culture. Due to the political structure of the government,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22 \cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 coupled with the social contract theory, there h as been minimal cultural assimilation of ethnic\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\ fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 minorities.\par\pard\plain\sl-240\par\pard\p lain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 In 1971, the governmen t created a "National Cultural Policy". This policy defined Malaysian\par\pard\p lain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 culture, stating that it must be based on the culture of the indigenous peoples of Malaysia, it\par\pa rd\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 may incorporate su itable elements from other cultures, and that Islam must play a part in\par\pard \plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysian culture. I t also promoted the Malay language above others. This government\par\pard\plain\ li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 intervention into culture h as caused resentment among non-Malays who feel their cultural\par\pard\plain\li1 891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 freedom was lessened. Both Chi nese and Indian associations have submitted memorandums\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl -336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 to the government, accusing it of fo rmulating an undemocratic culture policy.\par\pard\plain\sl-240\par\pard\plain\l i1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Some cultural disputes exist between Malaysia and neighbouring countries, notably\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-3 40\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Indonesia. The two countries share a s imilar cultural heritage, sharing many traditions and\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-3 35\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 items. However, disputes have arisen o ver things ranging from culinary dishes to Malaysia's\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-3 40\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 national anthem. Strong feelings exist in Indonesia about protecting their national\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs 22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 heritage. The Malaysian government and the Ind onesian government have met to defuse\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\c hcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 some of the tensions resulting from the overlaps in cu lture. Feelings are not as strong in\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\ch cbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia, where most recognise that many cultural value s are shared.\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\p ard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-2 00\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\pl ain\sl-323\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 IN DIA MALAYSIA RELATIONS\par\pard\plain\sl-367\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs2 2\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 India-Malaysia relations (Malay Hubungan IndiaMalaysia) refers to bilateral foreign\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\c hcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 relations between the two countries, India and Malaysi a. India has a high commission\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1 \b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has a high commission in New De lhi. Both countries are full\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b 0\i0\ul0\strike0 members of the Commonwealth of Nations,Asian Union and G15. Ind ia and Malaysia are\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-335\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\ strike0 also connected by various cultural and historical ties that date back to antiquity. The two\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\ strike0 countries are on excellently friendly terms with each other seeing as Ma laysia is home to a\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\ strike0 strong concentration of Indian immigrants. Mahathir bin Mohamad the four th and longest\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-340\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strik e0 serving Prime Minister of Malayasia is of Indian origin, his father Mohamad I skandar, was a\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-336\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strik e0 Malayalee Muslim (who migrated from Kerala) and his mother Wan Tampawan, was
Malay.\par\pard\plain\sl-329\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b \i0\ul0\strike0 Defence Cooperation\par\pard\plain\sl-309\par\pard\plain\li1953\ sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 India-Malaysia defence relations h ave steadily grown over the years. A MOU on Defence\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259 \f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Cooperation was signed in 1993. The Mala ysian Defence Minister had visited India in 2006\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0 \fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and Indian Defence Minister visited Malaysi a in January 2008. Malaysia-Indian Defence\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\ cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Cooperation meetings at the level of Defence Secr etary from Indian side and Secretary\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\ch cbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 General from Malaysian side are held regularly; the eig hth meeting of the MIDCOM was\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\ b0\i0\ul0\strike0 held in March 2010. Service Chiefs from both countries have re gularly exchanged visits; in\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b 0\i0\ul0\strike0 2009 India\u182?s Chief of Naval Staff visited Malaysia and the Chief of the Royal Malaysian Air\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbp at1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Force visited India. The IAF Training Team deployed in Mal aysia from February 2008\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0 \ul0\strike0 trained Malaysian pilots on the SU-30SKM aircraft for two-and-a-hal f years. India is also\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\u l0\strike0 participating in the Cooperative Mechanism on the Straits of Malacca and Singapore (SOMS)\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0 \strike0 and contributed to two of the six IMO Projects (Project 1 and Project 4 ) for enhancement of\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0 \strike0 navigational safety and environmental protection in the Straits.\par\pa rd\plain\sl-367\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strik e0 Economic and Commercial Cooperation\par\pard\plain\sl-314\par\pard\plain\li18 91\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Economic and commercial relatio ns are emerging as the mainstay of the bilateral\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0 \fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 relationship. Malaysia is the second larges t trading partner for India within ASEAN, and\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs 22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 India is the largest trading partner for Malay sia from among the countries of the South,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\ cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 excluding China. With the coming-into-force of th e ASEAN-India FTA in Goods from 1\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbp at1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 January 2010, the bilateral economic engagement is expecte d to get a further fillip. During\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbp at1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the visit of Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh in October 2010, India and Malaysia have\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\ b0\i0\ul0\strike0 signed an agreement signaling the conclusion of negotiations o n a Comprehensive Economic\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\ i0\ul0\strike0 Cooperation Agreement (CECA) as a single undertaking covering goo ds, services,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike 0 investment and other areas of cooperation. As a follow of this Agreement, Indi a and Malaysia\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strik e0 signed the CECA on 18 February 2011 in Putrajaya during the visit of Commerce and\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Industr y Minister. It will now come into force on 1 July 2011\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn 12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\ par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain \sl-222\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The first-ever India-Malaysia CEOs Forum, comprising 18 CEOs from both sides, was jo intly\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 launch ed on 27 October 2010 by Prime Ministers Dr. Manmohan Singh and Dato' Seri Mohd\ par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Najib to dev elop enhanced partnership and cooperation at the business level. The Second\par\ pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 meeting of the C EOs Forum took place in Mumbai on 20 May 2011.\par\pard\plain\sl-312\par\pard\pl ain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Bilateral trade increas ed by 17 times from US $ 0.6 billion in 1992 to US$ 10.5 billion in\par\pard\pla
in\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2008, and has more than doubled from US$ 5 billion to US$ 10.5 billion between 2005 and\par\pard\plain\l i1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2008. The global economic cr isis had a negative impact on bilateral trade, wherein the two-\par\pard\plain\l i1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 way trade in 2009 declined t o US $ 7.3 billion. However, in 2010 there was a significant\par\pard\plain\li18 91\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 recovery of the bilateral trade as evident from a 25% increase compared to 2009 figures to\par\pard\plain\li189 1\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 US$ 8.94 billion (India\u182?s e xports \u177?US$ 2.47 billion and India\u182?s imports \u177?US $6.47 billion).\ par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 With the ent ry into force of the CECA from 1 July 2011, the bilateral trade has good\par\par d\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 prospects of increa sing further in the coming years.\par\pard\plain\sl-308\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl -210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Based on direct investments from Mal aysia to India, it is the 21st largest investor in India\par\pard\plain\li1891\s l-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 with cumulative FDI inflows valued at US$ 1.8 billion from January 1991 to 2008. In\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0 \fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 addition, about US$ 6 billion in Malaysian investments are believed to be invested in India\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0 \fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 through the Mauritius route. Notable among these are Maxis Communications in Aircel,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-263\f0\fs22\c f0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Axiata in IDEA Cellular Ltd, Khazanah in IDFC, Apo llo Hospitals, Yes Bank, etc. Malaysian\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0 \chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 construction companies\u182? largest presence outsid e Malaysia is in India. They have completed\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22 \cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 52 construction projects worth US$ 2.34 billion in India, while 35 projects of similar value\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs2 2\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 are under various stages of implementation. Und er a partnership with Malaysian Airports,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-263\f0\fs22\c f0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 GMR completed airport in Hyderabad in 2008, and th e second one in Delhi in July 2010.\par\pard\plain\sl-324\par\pard\plain\li1891\ sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Tourism & Connectivity\par\pard\pla in\sl-309\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Ai r links have improved significantly following a bilateral agreement in 2007 to\p ar\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 progressively increase the seat capacity to six major destinations in India and a provision f or\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 multiple destinations and designating any number of airlines to operate on the India\u177 ?Malaysia\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ro utes. At present, there are 114 flights between two countries, of which 93 are o perated by\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 M alaysian airlines and 21 by Indian airlines. Regular meeting of the Civil Aviati on Ministries\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike 0 are held to liberalize the connectivity, and the last meeting was held in Kual a Lumpur in\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 August 2010. India is the sixth largest source country for inbound tourism to Ma laysia with\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 about 600,000 Indian tourists visiting Malaysia in 2009, an increase of 9% over figures of\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2 008. Malaysia is the tenth largest source country for foreign tourists visiting India with\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1 15,794 Malaysians visiting India in 2008. With the signing of the MoU for cooper ation in\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the field of tourism, there would be greater people-to-people contact and also grea ter flow of\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 tourists from both the countries.\par\pard\plain\sl-329\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl -235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Labour & Expatriates\par\pard\plain\s l-309\par\pard\plain\li1953\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 There are about 150,000 legally recruited Indian workers in Malaysia in both the skill
ed and\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 semiskilled category. This includes about 10,000 expatriated employed in IT, manufac turing,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 bank ing, etc. A bilateral MoU on Employment and Welfare of Workers signed in January \par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2009 establ ishes an institutional framework to deal with issues concerning Indian workers.\ par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Two Joint Wo rking Group meetings at the Secretary-level were held in March 2009 and April\pa r\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2010.\par\pard \plain\sl-317\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-201\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Education & Cultural Cooperation\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\par d\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200 \par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-222\par\pard\plai n\li1958\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 About 2000 Indian student s are studying in Malaysia, while an estimated 3000 Malaysian\par\pard\plain\li1 891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 students are studying in India . An MOU on Higher Education was signed on 20 January 2010\par\pard\plain\li1891 \sl-264\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 during Prime Minister Dato' Seri Najib\u182?s visit to India. India offers about 30 slots under ITEC\par\pard\pla in\li1891\sl-254\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and 25 under the Colombo Plan. A new Indian Cultural Centre (ICC) has been opened in\par\pard\plain\li18 91\sl-263\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Kuala Lumpur on 10 February 201 0 to promote cultural relations with Malaysia. A Cultural\par\pard\plain\li1891\ sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Exchange Programme (CEP) for 201013 was signed on 27 October 2010 during the visit of\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-25 9\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh to Ma laysia.\par\pard\plain\sl-329\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\ b\i0\ul0\strike0 Regional and Multilateral\par\pard\plain\sl-309\par\pard\plain\ li1953\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 India and Malaysia cooperat e in a number of multilateral and regional foras such as UN,\par\pard\plain\li18 91\sl-259\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 NAM, WTO, ASEAN, ARF, East Asia Summit (EAS), Commonwealth, Indian Ocean Rim\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs 22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 for Regional Economic Cooperation, etc.\par\pa rd\plain\sl-324\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-235\f0\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b\i0\ul0\strik e0 Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs)\par\pard\plain\sl-314\par\pard\plain\li1953\s l-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Malaysia has one of the largest com munities of Persons of Indian Origin in the world,\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\ f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 numbering close of 2 million (about 8% of Malaysia\u182?s population). The overwhelming\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\f s22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 numbers are Tamil speaking, with significant people speaking Telugu, Malayalee and Punjabi\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs 22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 also. The Malaysian Indian Congress is the dom inant political organization of the PIOs since\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\f s22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pre-independence, and a member of the ruling coalition since independence, but of late\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-259\f0\fs22\c f0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 several smaller splinter political organizations h ave emerged. PIOs from Malaysia have been\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-264\f0\fs22\c f0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 sending the largest contingents to the Pravasi Bha ratiya Divas. {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft1920\shptop7699\shpright1920\shpbottom7958 \shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage \shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz58\shplid3600 {\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 20}} {\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn shapePath}{\sv 4}} {\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}} {\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 16777215}} {\sp{\sn lineWidth}{\sv 50800}}
\trowd\irow9\trgaph0\trrh-329\trql\trleft0 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf10\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf9\clbrdrr\ brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf9\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf11\clcbpat11\cltxlrtb\cellx902 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf10\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf9\clbrdrr\ brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf9\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf11\clcbpat11\cltxlrtb\cellx228 0 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf10\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf9\clbrdrr\ brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf9\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf11\clcbpat11\cltxlrtb\cellx366 2 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf10\clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf9\clbrdrr\ brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf9\clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw12\brdrcf11\clcbpat11\cltxlrtb\cellx504 7 \pard\plain\intbl\li81\sl-312\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 2000\cell \pard\plain\intbl\li81\sl-312\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 373.27\cell \pard\plain\intbl\li81\sl-312\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 311.46\cell \pard\plain\intbl\li81\sl-312\f0\fs22\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 61.81\cell \row }{\par} }}\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\sected\cols1\colno1\colw12240\pard \plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\ par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain \sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pa rd\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-20 0\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\pla in\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\ pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\p lain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-225\pa r\pard\plain\li1891\sl-210\f0\fs22\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 MALAYSIA WORLD BANK REPORT\par\pard\plain\sl-333\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-185\f2\fs18\cf0\chcb pat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The World Bank is working to support more than 20 countri es in the East Asia and Pacific region by\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-216\f2\fs18\c f0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 providing grants and low-interest loans for develo pment projects, as well as expert advice and\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-215\f2\fs1 8\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 consulting services. In fiscal year 2005, the B ank provided the region with US$2.9 billion ($1 billion in\par\pard\plain\li1891 \sl-220\f2\fs18\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 interest-free IDA loans and grant s, and $1.8 billion in low-interest loans from the IBRD).\par\pard\plain\sl-289\ par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-185\f2\fs18\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Worldwide, t he Bank's annual lending commitments reached US$22.3 billion in 2005 for 279 pro jects\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-215\f2\fs18\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 worldw ide. The World Bank finances and supports a project at the request of the govern ment.\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-215\f2\fs18\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 An\f2\ fs18\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i\ul0\strike0 appraisal\f2\fs18\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\str ike0 of the project's feasibility and loan terms is followed by\f2\fs18\cf0\chc bpat1\b0\i\ul0\strike0 negotiations, board review, and\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl -220\f2\fs18\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i\ul0\strike0 signing\f2\fs18\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul 0\strike0 . The loan becomes effective after it has been\f2\fs18\cf0\chcbpat1\b0 \i\ul0\strike0 ratified\f2\fs18\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 by the governme nt.\par\pard\plain\sl-306\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-261\f2\fs26\cf0\chcbpat1\b0\i 0\ul0\strike0 Loans and Credits for Malaysia\par\sect\sected\sbknone\cols2\colno 1\colw3050\colsr10\colno2\colw9180\pard\plain\sl-342\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-17 1\f2\fs16\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Mar\f2\fs16\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 30,\f2\fs16\c f0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1999\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-228\par\pard\ plain\li1891\sl-171\f2\fs16\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Mar\f2\fs16\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\stri ke0 30,\f2\fs16\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1999\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plai n\sl-228\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-171\f2\fs16\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Mar\f2\fs16\ cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 30,\f2\fs16\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1999\par\pard\plain\sl -200\par\pard\plain\sl-228\par\pard\plain\li1891\sl-171\f2\fs16\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\st