MGMT 591 Final Exam Updated Leadership and Organizational Behaviour

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MGMT 591 Final Exam Updated Leadership And
Organizational Behaviour

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(TCOs A& B) What is organizational learning? Why is it important for
firms to emphasize organizational learning? (Points: 10)
Organizational learning is an organization-wide ongoing process
that improves its collective ability to accept, make sense of, and
respond to external and internal change. It requires the..
(TCOs E & F) Please identify and give examples of four of the five
indirect conflict management strategies. (Points: 10)
Four of the five indirect conflict management strategies include
reduced interdependence, appeals to common goals, hierarchical
referral, and alterations in the use of mythology and scripts.
Reduced interdependence involves making..
(TCO A, B) An organization is a collection of people working together
within a given structure and culture to achieve a common purpose.
Identify and describe the three components that assist the
organization in meeting its goals and list any three of the five
components of job satisfaction that contribute to a company
meeting these goals. (Points: 10)
Three components that assist the organization in meeting its goal
include an organizational identity, a long-rage strategic plan, and
staff development and organizational culture. The organization’s
identity consists of its mission, vision, and…
(TCO G) The Michigan and Ohio State studies represent seminal
research on leadership theory. Both studies identified two basic
forms of leader behaviors. What were the similarities in the findings
from these two studies and what was the significance of the
research? (Points : 30)

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In the late 1940s, researchers at the University of Michigan sought
to identify the leadership pattern that results in an effective
performance. From interviews of high and low performing groups in
different organizations the researchers derived two basic forms of…
(TCO A, B) Define organizational behavior and list the four
emotional intelligence competencies that contribute to
understanding ourselves and others within the organizational
behavior environment. (Points : 10)
Organizational behavior is a culture that is a shared set of beliefs
and values within an organization (Schermerhorn et al., 2012, p. 9).
It influences the way people act and feel in organizations. For
example, an authoritarian culture restricts the employees from..
(TCO B) Faxco Incorporated is a business with 500 employees. The
CEO of the company has recently learned based on employee
surveys. That the employees are not very happy with the company
in fact the CEO is starting to believe that this may be the reason
why Faxco is experiencing slower sales and a recent budget crisis
which threatens to shut down …(Points: 45)
The attitudes of the employees affect their behavior, which in turn
affects their job performance and the company’s productivity level.
In particular, their attitudes are influenced by their belief that the
company is making poor quality…
(TCO D) Identify the five stages of team development, and explain
what happens at each stage. Give a specific example from your own
experience to highlight one of the stages. (Points : 45)
The five stages of team development are the forming, storming,
norming, performing, and adjourning stages.
The forming stage is when the members first join the team. At this
stage, the members get to know each other in efforts to find a
common ground. In addition, they will…
(TCOs A& B) OB defines stress in terms of both work stressors and
life stressors. Please identify four common sources of stress at
work. (Points : 10)
Four common sources of stress at work are task demands, ethical
dilemmas, interpersonal problems, and physical setting. Task
demands pertain to when the employee has either too much or too
little workload. In particular, too much workload can lead…

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(TCO D) Referring to the team decision-making process, define
consensus and unanimity and explain the difference between the
two.(Points : 10)
Consensus is a group or teams that consist of people who come
from different backgrounds and who have different values,
personalities and skills, different opinions and approaches may arise
with regards to the resolution of problems, an example…
(TCO D) There are six methods that teams use to make decisions.
Identify and define three of the five. (Points : 10)
Three of the methods that teams use in making decisions are
through authority rule; through a consensus; and through
unanimity. Decision-making through authority rule occurs when a
leader, manager, or chairperson decides for the…
(TCO E, F) Although conflict is usually considered a negative
experience to be avoided, it actually has the potential to produce
positive organizational outcomes. Please identify three ways in
which conflict can be a positive influence. (Points : 10)
Three ways that conflict can be a positive influence is the
information that is represent by a member can be beneficial to the
company. If something isn’t going right and it has been noted by
the person causing the conflict, his solution may benefit..
(TCOs E & F) Please identify and give examples of four of the five
direct conflict management strategies. (Points : 10)
Four of the five direct conflict management strategies are
accommodation or smoothing; collaboration and problem solving;
compromise; and avoidance. Avoidance is when…
(TCO G) There are six sources of position power in organizational
settings. Identify and define three of these sources. (Points : 10)
The six sources of position power are legitimate, reward, coercive,
process, information, and representative power. The reward power
allows a manager to use extrinsic and intrinsic rewards to control
other people. Some examples would be promotions, money, or
even…
(TCO G) Define power from an organizational behavior perspective.
What is the difference between power and influence? (Points : 10)
Power is defined as the “ability to get someone to do something you
want done or the ability to make things happen or get things done
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the way you want” (Schermerhorn et al., 2012, p. 264) while
influence…
(TCO E, F) Neff Incorporated is a small business with 100 employees
and 4 managers.
Susan and Bob work are co-workers at Neff Incorporated. Ever since
they were both assigned to work on Project X, they have been
arguing about how to meet the goals of that project.
On Monday they get into a very loud argument about Project X, in
the cafeteria during lunch break. Manager 1 is told about the
argument and he sends out an email…(Points : 45)
Manager 1 used avoidance in that he or she downplayed the
disagreement and failed to participate in the situation, He or she
stayed neutral. However, this was an inappropriate conflict
management strategy for this situation as it doesn’t lead to the
resolution of..
(TCO F) Eagle Standard AInc. (ESI) a major engineering firm
specialized in designing aircraft parts for government contracts. ESI
employees project managers and 42 engineers who are divided into
project group of 6-7 members. The majority of project…(Points: 45)
Two conflict management methods that Bruce can use are force and
collaboration. As the team lead, Bruce can create opportunities that
will allow the engineers to work in a more collaborative
environment. For example, he can assign some engineers to pair…
(TCO H, I, J) The senior executive team at AllGoodThings.com, after
a strategy review session with the Board of Directors, has decided
that it’s time to invest some time and capital in improving the
corporate culture. The company has rebounded from a near calamity
two years ago, and while it was a great scramble, the…(Points : 40)
Management feels that constructive styles are important yet the
employees result display a passive defensive style as being
prominent. The management ideal results indicate that
perfectionist, competitive, achievement, and self-actualization are
preferred. The…
(TCO C) As a manager you are in a situation where a key employee
seems to have lost his excitement about the job. The employee’s
familiar positive tone and high energy approach to the job and the
workplace seem to be on the wane. You really don’t know what is
going on with this person. But, you can try to start to understand
this employee by examining various motivation theories. Use
elements from each of…(Points : 40)

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Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory offers appear amid the
psychological, safety, social, esteem, and self-accusation needs. The
higher needs are identified as self-accusation, and a steam. Selfactualization is regarded as the highest need level; need to fulfill
oneself; to grow in use abilities to fullest and most creative…
(TCO A, B) In order to meet organizational goals and objectives
management must comprehend organizational behavior in
relationship to the functions of management. List and describe the
management process functions and describe how the five
personality traits contribute to the management process. (Points :
30)
The management process includes planning, organizing, leading,
and controlling. The functions describe what managers are
supposed to do in respect to: Planning-defining goals, setting
specific performance objectives, and identifying the actions needed
to…
Answers Based on Study Guide
(TCO A & B) Define organizational culture and list the key areas of
diversity we learned about in this course.
It influences the way people act and feel in organizations. For
example, an authoritarian culture restricts the employees…
(TCO D) Please define self-managing teams and identify four of the
five tasks for which a true self-managing team is responsible.
A self-managing team, also known as the self-directed work team,
“is a high-involvement workgroup design” (Schermerhorn et al.,
2012, p. 150) where the team members are…
(TCO E & F)Explain how interpersonal conflict occurs and give two
example of substantive conflict, and two examples of emotional
interpersonal conflict.
An interpersonal conflict occurs when two persons are in
disagreement about something. This type of conflict can either be a
substantive or an emotional conflict, although it’s also possible for
both to occur…
(TCO G)List at least 3 ethical questions leaders or followers may
face as discussed in our text and class. Provide a possible scenario
wherein each question you provide would be at issue.

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One question is if employees should be penalized for what they post
on social media
Websites and if they shouldn’t be allowed to practice their freedom
of speech. This can become an issue if an employee, for example,
rants about their superior or their colleagues on social media
websites. In this case, the…
(TCO E & F)Identify and discuss the stages of conflict
development. Based on news and events from around the world,
please give an example of a recent conflict you have read or heard
about and show how the conflict moved through the developmental
stages we learned about in this course.
The stages of conflict are: 1.) Antecedent conditions; 2.) Perceived
conflict; 3.) Felt conflict; and 4.) Manifest conflict. Antecedent
conditions or conflict antecedents are…
(TCO A & B)OB defines stress in terms of both work stressors and
life stressors. Please identify four common sources of stress at
work.
Four common sources of stress at work are the workload and
deadlines when there’s too much work that needs to be completed
at the same time. Another is one’s relationships…
Our “Leaders on Leadership” highlight on page 279 introduces us to
Edward J. Zore. Mr. Zore is the 16th president of Northwestern
Mutual, the largest direct provider of individual life insurance.
Under Mr. Zore’s leadership…
By allowing the customers to gain from the company’s shares of
stock rather than letting the executives benefit from these, Mr. Zore
gains power in that the foundation of …
(TCO D)Identify the five stages of team development, and explain
what happens at each stage. Give a specific example from your own
experience to highlight one of the stages. If you have no team
experience, utilize the case study you completed in connection with
same.
The five stages of team development are the forming, storming,
norming, performing, and adjourning stages. The forming stage is
when the…
What is communication? What are the issues in interpersonal
communication? What is the nature of communication in
organizations?
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Communication is the tool that enables collaboration and that holds
an organization together. It is the means by which emotions,
feelings, expectations, directions, goals, ideas, and information are
shared, in turn enabling people’s actions to be…
(TCO A & B) You have recently been hired by a consulting firm with a
national practice. Your first assignment is to put together a briefing
explaining workplace diversity to a regional manufacturing firm in
the Southwestern U.S. and present them with a plan for fostering
improved diversity in their organization.
Workplace diversity means that the members of an organization
come from various backgrounds and would thus have different
attributes in things such as sexual attribution, physical…
Your boss has reminded you to cover the basics..
The five types of diversity are sexual orientation, disability, age,
gender, and racial/ethnic. To implement workplace diversity, it would
first be important to get senior management’s buy-in for the
cultural…
(TCO C) Define and give examples of intrinsic rewards and extrinsic
rewards. Examining further the value of rewards, respond to the
statement “Money is not a motivator.” Explain your response and …
Extrinsic rewards are tangible rewards that are physically received
as a form of recognition for the accomplishment of something
(“What is intrinsic and extrinsic rewards?,” 2012). Examples are
praise, awards, money, or…
(TCO C) Contrast in detail Alderfer’s ERG Theory and Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs theory.
One difference between Alderfer’s ERG Theory and Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs theory is that Maslow’s theory has five
categories of needs whereas the ERG theory has only 3 categories of
needs. In particular, the needs in Maslow’s theory are…
(TCO B) Define perception. Select three perceptual distortions,
explain the importance of each, and advise managers how to
overcome them.
“Perception is the process by which people select, organize,
interpret, retrieve, and respond to information from the world
around them” (Schermerhorn et al., 2012, p. 76). It is the way by
which people form impressions about themselves, other people,
and…
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(TCO C) An October 15, 2004 article by Scott Wyman in the South
Florida Sun-Sentinel included the following information on salaries
awarded in the county:
The Equity theory of motivation states that people behave in ways
that maintain or restore equity in situations. This theory proposes
that people will try to eliminate…
How can county management reduce the perception of inequity?
To reduce the perception of inequity, county management should be
more transparent when it comes to the work being done by the top
executives. These should be…
(TCO E) In the May 18, 1998 issue of BusinessWeek, the story line
read “Nice Guys Finish with MBAs.” The following is an excerpt from
that piece:
In your response define organizational culture and discuss which
OCI styles most likely appeal to these graduates. Organizational
culture is the shared set of values and beliefs within an
organization. It influences the way employees feel and act in
organizations. I think that these men are… How can a culture be a
liability to an organization?
Culture can be a liability to an organization if the organization’s
culture is not aligned with the company’s objectives. For example,
an organization that competes in a fast-paced market such as the IT
industry will benefit more from a culture that encourages
competitiveness…
What are the various types of organizational change?
The various types of organizational change are transformational,
incremental, unplanned, and planned. A transformational change
consists…What is the difference between exploration and
exploitation?
Exploration occurs at the initial stages of the innovation process
whereas exploitation occurs at the latter stages of the innovation
process, or at least after the exploration stage…
(TCO A). Given that people make the difference in how well
organizations perform, assess how an understanding of
organizational behavior concepts and theories is a useful knowledge
base for career success and for improving an organization’s
effectiveness.

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Organizational behavior concepts and theories can be used to
ensure success and improve an organization’s effectiveness in that
organizational behavior affects the organizational culture and both
of these influence the success and effectiveness of the…
(TCO B). Given the influence of factors such as values, attitudes,
beliefs, feelings, and personality on individual behavior,
demonstrate how knowledge of individual difference factors help in
understanding, predicting, and influencing individual behavior. Use
a diagnostic instrument such as the Life Styles Inventory (LSI) to
assess your personal thinking and behavior styles and their role in
accomplishing self-improvement goals.
Knowledge about individual difference can help in predicting an
employee’s behavior in that an employee’s attitudes, beliefs,
feelings, and personality influence how they relate to others…
(TCO C). Given the array of theories of motivation, demonstrate
their application to successfully guide employees toward
accomplishing organizational objectives.
The theories of motivation can be used to determine the factors
that motivate employees to perform well at their jobs; and
therefore, contribute to the achievement of the organization’s
objectives. Since people are…
(TCO D). Given knowledge of group dynamics and decision-making,
apply this knowledge to a case analysis to diagnosis an
organizational problem and recommend solutions.
Given that groups or teams consist of people who come from
different backgrounds and who have different values, personalities
and skills, different opinions and approaches may arise with regards
to the resolution of …
TCO E. Given an understanding of the communication process and
given specific incidents of communication problems at the dyad,
group, or organization level, diagnose the problem and develop a
strategy for improving organizational performance through
improvement of communication processes.
Communication processes that involve large teams can be difficult
to manage. For example, in IT companies, large teams work on
various software applications where each team consists of smaller
teams, such as the teams of the developers, the quality control…

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(TCO F). Given a specific challenge of intra- and inter-group conflict,
demonstrate specific conflict resolution behaviors a leader can use
to effectively resolve the conflict.
Leaders should serve as role models. They should portray the right
behavior and conduct when resolving conflicts. In other words, the
leader should always behave in an ethical manner. They should also
promote…
TCO G. Given an understanding of the trait, behavioral, and
situational theories of leadership, apply this knowledge to analyze a
leadership situation, assess a leader’s leadership style, and
determine the most appropriate leadership style for the situation.
Positive Traits of a Successful Leader
Successful leaders are physically vital and emotionally resilient.
They are also concerned for task objectives, are willing to assume
responsibility, and are driven to excel and succeed

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