Micro
Content
Microeconomics & Macroeconomics
Analysis dealing with the behavior of individual elements in an economy-such as determination of the price of a single product or the behavior of a single consumer or business firm. Analysis dealing with the behavior of the economy as a hole with respect to output ,income ,the price level, foreign trade, unemployment and other aggregate economic variables. Exchange Rate The rate or price at which one country’s currency in exchanged for the currency for the example, if one British pound cost $ 1.40 then the exchange rate for the pound is $ 1.40 Capital In economic theory, one of the triad of productive inputs (land, labor and capital). The major components of capital are equipment, structures and inventory. In accounting and finance “Capital” means the total amount of money subscribed by the shareholder-owners of a corporation, in return for which they receive shares of the company stock. Common stock Stock that confers voting right but does not grant preferential right of dividends or claims against the assets of the firm. Preferred Stock Stock that has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and in claims against the assets of the firm but does not confers voting right.
Portfolio Management
An economic theory that describes how rational investors allocate their wealth among different financial assets that is how they put their wealth into a portfolio. A management who allocate their wealth into a portfolio this management called portfolio management. Insurance Insurance is defined as a co-operative device to spread the loss caused by a particular risk over a number of people who are
exposed to it and who agree to themselves against that risk. Risk is uncertainty of a financial loss.
IMF (International Monetary Fund)
IMF is an international financial organization founded in 1944 that lends money to countries to conduct international trade. GAAT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) An agreement signed in 1947 that formed an international organization to work to reduce or eliminate tariffs and other barriers to international trade.
World Bank
An international organization that lends money to underdeveloped and developing countries to fund the development of roads, factories and medical facilities. Marketing Mix The combination of four elements product, price, promotion and distribution used to satisfy the needs of the target market. Market Segment A group individual or organizations with one or more similar product needs. The division of market into different homogeneous group of consumer called Market segment. Product Segment The theoretical life of a product consisting of four stages: introduction, growth, maturity and decline.
Product Line
A group of related products considered a unit because of marketing, technical or use similarities and marketed by a firm. Debit An accounting term signifying an increase in assets or decrease in liabilities in balance of payment accounting. A debit an item such as imports that reduces a country’s stock of foreign currencies. Credit
In monetary theory, the use of someone else’s funds in exchange for a promise to pay at a later date for example- Short term loans from a bank credit extended by suppliers and commercial paper. In balance of payment accounting, an item such as exports that earns a country foreign currency. Accounting Cycle The steps- analyzing, recording, posting and preparing reports by which the results of business transactions are communicated. Budget A quantitative plan for acquiring and using resources over a specified time period. CVP Analysis Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis: CVP Analysis is one of most powerful tools that help management to make their decision. It helps them understand the interrelationship between cost volume and profit in an organization by focusing of interactions among the following five elements: • • • • • Prices if products Volume or level of activity Per unit variable cost Total fixed costs Mixed of product sold.
ABC Analysis (Activity based costing analysis)
ABC is a costing method that is designed to provide managers with cost information for strategic and other decisions that potentially affect capacity and therefore “fixed” as well as variable costs. Ratio Analysis Method of analyzing financial information by comparing logical relationships between various financial statement items.
Business
The exchange of goods, services or money for mutual benefit or profit
.
Secondary Market The market in which used stocks are traded after they have been issued by corporations. Industry A group of firms producing similar or identical products. Primary Market The market in which firms issue new securities to raise corporate capital
OTC Market (Over- The- Counter) Market
A large collection of brokers and dealers connected electronically by telephones and computers that provider for trading in securities not listed on the organized exchanges.
Future Market
This terms refer to the assets are being bought or sold for delivery at some later date such as six months on a year into the future.
Option Market
This term refers to the holder who takes some option by contract and holder right to buy or sell an asset at some predetermined price with in the specified period of time.
Demand
The quantity of a product that consumers will purchase at various prices. Supply The quantity of a product that producers will sell at various prices.
Export
Selling domestic made goods in another country. Import Purchasing goods made in another country. Elasticity of Demand The demand elasticity refers the impact of a price change on total revenue. Demand is elastic if a price reduction increases total revenue. Demand is inelastic if a price reduction decreases total revenue in the unit elastic case a p[rice change on total revenue.
Elasticity of Supply Price elasticity of supply measures the percentage change of output supplied by producers when the market price changes by a given percentage. Balance Sheet A financial statement that indicates a firm’s financial position at a particular moment in time ; reflects a firms solvency or its ability to pay its debts as they come due also called a statement of financial position. Inflation The inflation rate is the percentage of annual increase in a general price level. Deflation A fall in the general level of prices.
GDP ( Gross Domestic Product)
GDP equals the sum of the value of all consumption and investment goods, government purchase and net exports to other lands.
GNP ( Gross National Product)
Gross national product is the total final output produced with inputs owned by the residents of a country during a year. Capital Market Market in which financial resources (money, stock, bonds) are traded. These along with financial intermediaries are institutions through which savings in the economy are transferred to investors.
Money Market
A term denoting the set of institutions that handle the purchase or sale of short term commercial paper. Tangible Asset An asset that has a physical form such as machinery, buildings and land. Intangible Asset
An asset that is not physical in nature. Corporate intellectual property (items such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, business methodologies), goodwill and brand recognition are all common intangible assets in today's marketplace. Bank Rate The rate at which central banks lend funds to national banks. A central bank adjusts the supply of currency within national borders by adjusting the bank rate. When the central bank reduces the bank rate, it increases the attractiveness for commercial banks to borrow, thus increasing the money supply. When the central bank increases the bank rate, it decreases the attractiveness for commercial banks to borrow, consequently decreasing the money supply. Call money market The call money market is a mechanism that allows both dealers and brokers to locate and borrow funds that can be used for investment needs. The funds located through the money market can be utilized to provide financing for the purchase of securities that can be added to the portfolio of the investment firm, or as a resource that will cover the margin accounts of the firm’s clients Fiscal year A fiscal year (or financial year, or sometimes budget year) is a period used for calculating annual ("yearly") financial statements in businesses and other organizations. Revenue Budget The Revenue Budget consists of revenue receipts of government and the expenditure met from these revenues. Tax revenues are made up of taxes and other duties that the Union government levies. World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) deals with the rules of trade between nations at a global or near-global level. The World Trade Organization is the most powerful legislative and judicial body in the world. Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE)
The Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) is registered as a Public Limited Company and its activities are regulated by its Articles of Association rules & regulations and bye-laws along with the Securities and Exchange Ordinance, 1969, Companies Act 1994 & Securities & Exchange Commission Act, 1993. Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) Chittagong Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located in the port city of Chittagong in southeastern Bangladesh. It was established in 1995 as the second stock exchange of the country. The exchange is located in the Agrabad commercial area of the city. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional development bank established in 1966 to promote economic and social development in Asian and Pacific countries through loans and technical assistance. It is a multilateral development financial institution owned by 67 members (as of 2 February 2007)[1], 48 from the region and 19 from other parts of the globe. ADB's vision is a region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their citizens. Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Islamic Development Bank (also known as Islamic Development Bank, is a multilateral development financing institution located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It was founded by the first conference of Finance Ministers of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), convened 18 December 1973. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is institutions that comprise the World Bank Group. The IBRD is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by World War II. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means of financing states.
Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Sangstha (BSRS)
Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Sangstha (BSRS) established on 31 October 1972 by the President's Order No. 128 of 1972 to provide credit
facilities and other assistance to industrial concerns and to encourage and broaden the base of investment in Bangladesh.
Investment corporation of Bangladesh (ICB)
Investment Corporation of Bangladesh (ICB) established on 1 October 1976 under the Investment Corporation of Bangladesh Ordinance 1976. It is an investment bank established to accelerate the pace of industrialization and develop a sound securities market in Bangladesh. Commerce The exchange or buying and selling of commodities; esp. the exchange of merchandise on a large scale between different places or communities extended trade or traffic. Bangladesh Shilpa Bank (BSB) Bangladesh Shilpa Bank (BSB) establish on October 31, 1972. It head office in Dhaka and it has 21 Division. Its Zonal office, branch office 15 and manpower 769.
LC(Letter of Credit)
Letter of Credit means a letter from one banker to another authorizing the payment of a specified sum to the person named in the latter on a certain specified conditions. Commercially, latter of credit are widely used in the international import and export trade as means of payment.
GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principle)
A set of rules and practices having substantial authoritative support that are recognized guide for financial reporting purposes. International development authority (IDA)/ Industrial development Bank of Bangladesh (IDBB)
Analysis dealing with the behavior of individual elements in an economy-such as determination of the price of a single product or the behavior of a single consumer or business firm. Analysis dealing with the behavior of the economy as a hole with respect to output ,income ,the price level, foreign trade, unemployment and other aggregate economic variables. Exchange Rate The rate or price at which one country’s currency in exchanged for the currency for the example, if one British pound cost $ 1.40 then the exchange rate for the pound is $ 1.40 Capital In economic theory, one of the triad of productive inputs (land, labor and capital). The major components of capital are equipment, structures and inventory. In accounting and finance “Capital” means the total amount of money subscribed by the shareholder-owners of a corporation, in return for which they receive shares of the company stock. Common stock Stock that confers voting right but does not grant preferential right of dividends or claims against the assets of the firm. Preferred Stock Stock that has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and in claims against the assets of the firm but does not confers voting right.
Portfolio Management
An economic theory that describes how rational investors allocate their wealth among different financial assets that is how they put their wealth into a portfolio. A management who allocate their wealth into a portfolio this management called portfolio management. Insurance Insurance is defined as a co-operative device to spread the loss caused by a particular risk over a number of people who are
exposed to it and who agree to themselves against that risk. Risk is uncertainty of a financial loss.
IMF (International Monetary Fund)
IMF is an international financial organization founded in 1944 that lends money to countries to conduct international trade. GAAT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) An agreement signed in 1947 that formed an international organization to work to reduce or eliminate tariffs and other barriers to international trade.
World Bank
An international organization that lends money to underdeveloped and developing countries to fund the development of roads, factories and medical facilities. Marketing Mix The combination of four elements product, price, promotion and distribution used to satisfy the needs of the target market. Market Segment A group individual or organizations with one or more similar product needs. The division of market into different homogeneous group of consumer called Market segment. Product Segment The theoretical life of a product consisting of four stages: introduction, growth, maturity and decline.
Product Line
A group of related products considered a unit because of marketing, technical or use similarities and marketed by a firm. Debit An accounting term signifying an increase in assets or decrease in liabilities in balance of payment accounting. A debit an item such as imports that reduces a country’s stock of foreign currencies. Credit
In monetary theory, the use of someone else’s funds in exchange for a promise to pay at a later date for example- Short term loans from a bank credit extended by suppliers and commercial paper. In balance of payment accounting, an item such as exports that earns a country foreign currency. Accounting Cycle The steps- analyzing, recording, posting and preparing reports by which the results of business transactions are communicated. Budget A quantitative plan for acquiring and using resources over a specified time period. CVP Analysis Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis: CVP Analysis is one of most powerful tools that help management to make their decision. It helps them understand the interrelationship between cost volume and profit in an organization by focusing of interactions among the following five elements: • • • • • Prices if products Volume or level of activity Per unit variable cost Total fixed costs Mixed of product sold.
ABC Analysis (Activity based costing analysis)
ABC is a costing method that is designed to provide managers with cost information for strategic and other decisions that potentially affect capacity and therefore “fixed” as well as variable costs. Ratio Analysis Method of analyzing financial information by comparing logical relationships between various financial statement items.
Business
The exchange of goods, services or money for mutual benefit or profit
.
Secondary Market The market in which used stocks are traded after they have been issued by corporations. Industry A group of firms producing similar or identical products. Primary Market The market in which firms issue new securities to raise corporate capital
OTC Market (Over- The- Counter) Market
A large collection of brokers and dealers connected electronically by telephones and computers that provider for trading in securities not listed on the organized exchanges.
Future Market
This terms refer to the assets are being bought or sold for delivery at some later date such as six months on a year into the future.
Option Market
This term refers to the holder who takes some option by contract and holder right to buy or sell an asset at some predetermined price with in the specified period of time.
Demand
The quantity of a product that consumers will purchase at various prices. Supply The quantity of a product that producers will sell at various prices.
Export
Selling domestic made goods in another country. Import Purchasing goods made in another country. Elasticity of Demand The demand elasticity refers the impact of a price change on total revenue. Demand is elastic if a price reduction increases total revenue. Demand is inelastic if a price reduction decreases total revenue in the unit elastic case a p[rice change on total revenue.
Elasticity of Supply Price elasticity of supply measures the percentage change of output supplied by producers when the market price changes by a given percentage. Balance Sheet A financial statement that indicates a firm’s financial position at a particular moment in time ; reflects a firms solvency or its ability to pay its debts as they come due also called a statement of financial position. Inflation The inflation rate is the percentage of annual increase in a general price level. Deflation A fall in the general level of prices.
GDP ( Gross Domestic Product)
GDP equals the sum of the value of all consumption and investment goods, government purchase and net exports to other lands.
GNP ( Gross National Product)
Gross national product is the total final output produced with inputs owned by the residents of a country during a year. Capital Market Market in which financial resources (money, stock, bonds) are traded. These along with financial intermediaries are institutions through which savings in the economy are transferred to investors.
Money Market
A term denoting the set of institutions that handle the purchase or sale of short term commercial paper. Tangible Asset An asset that has a physical form such as machinery, buildings and land. Intangible Asset
An asset that is not physical in nature. Corporate intellectual property (items such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, business methodologies), goodwill and brand recognition are all common intangible assets in today's marketplace. Bank Rate The rate at which central banks lend funds to national banks. A central bank adjusts the supply of currency within national borders by adjusting the bank rate. When the central bank reduces the bank rate, it increases the attractiveness for commercial banks to borrow, thus increasing the money supply. When the central bank increases the bank rate, it decreases the attractiveness for commercial banks to borrow, consequently decreasing the money supply. Call money market The call money market is a mechanism that allows both dealers and brokers to locate and borrow funds that can be used for investment needs. The funds located through the money market can be utilized to provide financing for the purchase of securities that can be added to the portfolio of the investment firm, or as a resource that will cover the margin accounts of the firm’s clients Fiscal year A fiscal year (or financial year, or sometimes budget year) is a period used for calculating annual ("yearly") financial statements in businesses and other organizations. Revenue Budget The Revenue Budget consists of revenue receipts of government and the expenditure met from these revenues. Tax revenues are made up of taxes and other duties that the Union government levies. World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) deals with the rules of trade between nations at a global or near-global level. The World Trade Organization is the most powerful legislative and judicial body in the world. Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE)
The Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) is registered as a Public Limited Company and its activities are regulated by its Articles of Association rules & regulations and bye-laws along with the Securities and Exchange Ordinance, 1969, Companies Act 1994 & Securities & Exchange Commission Act, 1993. Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) Chittagong Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located in the port city of Chittagong in southeastern Bangladesh. It was established in 1995 as the second stock exchange of the country. The exchange is located in the Agrabad commercial area of the city. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional development bank established in 1966 to promote economic and social development in Asian and Pacific countries through loans and technical assistance. It is a multilateral development financial institution owned by 67 members (as of 2 February 2007)[1], 48 from the region and 19 from other parts of the globe. ADB's vision is a region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their citizens. Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Islamic Development Bank (also known as Islamic Development Bank, is a multilateral development financing institution located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It was founded by the first conference of Finance Ministers of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), convened 18 December 1973. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is institutions that comprise the World Bank Group. The IBRD is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by World War II. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means of financing states.
Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Sangstha (BSRS)
Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Sangstha (BSRS) established on 31 October 1972 by the President's Order No. 128 of 1972 to provide credit
facilities and other assistance to industrial concerns and to encourage and broaden the base of investment in Bangladesh.
Investment corporation of Bangladesh (ICB)
Investment Corporation of Bangladesh (ICB) established on 1 October 1976 under the Investment Corporation of Bangladesh Ordinance 1976. It is an investment bank established to accelerate the pace of industrialization and develop a sound securities market in Bangladesh. Commerce The exchange or buying and selling of commodities; esp. the exchange of merchandise on a large scale between different places or communities extended trade or traffic. Bangladesh Shilpa Bank (BSB) Bangladesh Shilpa Bank (BSB) establish on October 31, 1972. It head office in Dhaka and it has 21 Division. Its Zonal office, branch office 15 and manpower 769.
LC(Letter of Credit)
Letter of Credit means a letter from one banker to another authorizing the payment of a specified sum to the person named in the latter on a certain specified conditions. Commercially, latter of credit are widely used in the international import and export trade as means of payment.
GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principle)
A set of rules and practices having substantial authoritative support that are recognized guide for financial reporting purposes. International development authority (IDA)/ Industrial development Bank of Bangladesh (IDBB)
