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EIA TLC Plantation Kelantan

Kosmo Unik Sdn Bhd

CHAPTER 7
PROPOSED MITIGATING MEASURES
7.1

INTRODUCTION

Mitigation of impacts is to determine the possible preventive, remedial or compensatory
measures for each of the adverse impacts evaluated to be significant for the proposed project.
It is an interactive process. The linkages between project activities, expected impacts and the
appropriate measures necessary to mitigate the impacts must be established. Thus, 'Best
Management Practices (BMP) shall be adopted using the 'Best Available Techniques (BAT)'
for mitigating environmental issues and problems associated in this land use conversion
project.

Best management practices (BMP) are practical guidelines that are utilized to lessen the
environmental impact of the project activities, such as site clearance, biomass and overburden
/ dry dumping management, earth work (cut and fill for establishment of plantation), tree
felling, construction of access road, internal haulage roads, terracing, cascading drain and
sediment basin ponds setting.

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SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

A detailed calculation on soil loss and sediment yield has already been discussed in earlier
chapters. It is understood that the soil loss and sediment yield will be high without any
control measure applied during the land clearing stage. Hence, the ESCP control measure is
required to reduce the soil loss and prevent high suspended solid in the water stream. Soil
erosion and sediment control generally can be classified into three categories; there are
erosion control, sediment control and runoff control. The conceptual of the erosion control
and sedimentation plan (ESCP) is attached in Appendix XIII. The layout plan of sediment
basin are attached in Appendix XIII as well.

7.2.1 Erosion Control Measures
a. Cover the untouched exposed earth slope temporary with canvas sheet or other
rehabilitation activity;
b. Staging of land clearing will be done by blocks and phasing development by preserving
existing vegetation on areas that are not affected by current activities;
c. Preserve existing vegetation on areas that are not affected by current activities. It is to
reduce the size of area exposed to erosion;
d. Use cut biomass (branches, leaves and roots) as protection barrier to protect bare soil
from erosion agents;
e. All land clearing shall be stabilized as early as possible to minimize the rate of soil
erosion using structural stabilization or erosion control BMPs;
f. Avoid working (site clearing) during raining periods unless it is necessary and reasonable;
g. Provide exposed cut and fill surfaces with grass seed to stabilize soil;

7.2.2 Sediment Control Measures
a. Provide sediment basin as tabulated in Table 7.1 which has sufficient retention time for
settlement of silt. The dimension of designed sediment basin is based on MASMA
calculation;
b. Incorporate ‘Sump Pit’, ‘Drainage Network’ and ‘Check Dam’ in the sediment basin
system;
c. Balance terracing is planned. However, in cases where extra earth needs to be exported
out of the plantation site, there will be precautions to prevent dust creation and speed limit
imposed on the transport vehicle;

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d. Installation of silt fence if necessary. Silt fence is a temporary barrier designed to retain
sediment on the project site. It consists of a geo-textile layer attached to supporting posts
that are trenched onto the ground;
e. Sediment basins and other temporary control measures should only be removed or
dismantled when the permanent vegetative cover and control measures are satisfactorily
met.
Table 7.1: Proposed Sediment Basin Dimension
Sediment
Basin ID
SB1
SB2
SB3
SB4
SB5
SB6
SB7
SB8
SB9
SB10
SB11
SB12
SB13
SB14
SB15
SB16
SB17
SB18
SB19
SB20
SB21
SB22
SB23
SB24
SB25
SB26

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Top Width
(m)
30
36
31
29
21
26
32
36
27
36
30
32
32
36
22
21
17
21
16
22
36
37
27
31
26
21

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Top Length
(m)
60
90
66
61
49
60
62
71
58
81
60
63
63
70
39
45
37
41
34
52
77
73
53
68
52
41

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Bottom
Width (m)
22
31
25
23
15
20
24
30
19
30
22
24
24
30
14
15
8
15
9
14
31
30
19
26
21
15

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Bottom
Length (m)
56
87
63
58
45
57
58
68
54
78
56
59
59
67
35
41
32
38
30
47
74
69
49
65
49
37

Total Depth
(m)
3.10
2.60
2.85
2.85
2.70
2.85
3.10
2.80
3.10
2.90
3.10
3.00
3.10
2.80
2.90
2.60
3.05
2.75
2.75
3.00
2.50
3.05
2.85
2.40
2.45
2.65

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7.2.3 Runoff Control Measures
a. Cross drains, sumps and side ditches are recommended to disperse runoff and to retain
soil loss;
b. Provision of water bar on the skid trails / logging tract to channel the runoff into
established drainage system;
c. Temporary drainage system in development site shall be planned to avoid running across
disturbed and unstable area;
d. There shall be no obstruction or interference with natural waterways.
e. Runoff from undisturbed area shall be diverted away from disturbed land using runoff
management best management practices (BMPs) such as earth bank and diversion drains.
7.2.4 Inspection and Maintenance of BMPs Facilities
a. Maintenance of drainage system shall be regularly carried out. Redesign or add on
number of drainages such as diversion channel shall be considered from time to time
viewing the situation since some sediment may trap along the drainage line;
b. Inspection on sediment basin and earth drain functionality and effectiveness every
interval of 2 months and especially after heavy downpour.
7.3

SURFACE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

a. Surface runoffs from the project area should be controlled to ensure the water catchments
and intake points of local population are not affected. Construction of perimeter bund,
adequate drainage and sedimentation ponds to treat or divert surface runoffs should be
considered to ensure continuous protection of water resources.
b. Erosion prevention methods will be according to Urban Storm Water Management
Manual (MSMA) of JPS Malaysia and also the Guidelines for prevention of Soil Erosion
& Siltation in Malaysia (Published by the Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia;
c. Use strip cropping, cover crops and minimum tillage and maintain roughness of the soil
surfaces to control erosion and thus minimize the movements of soil borne pesticides to
surface water bodies;
d. Proper drainage system and pond to trap sediment from land clearing activities must be
installed according to the contouring and ground level. The problem of overflow due to
the paved and impermeable areas can be solved by proper drainage design made in
suitable sizes by following flood occurrence over a certain period of years;

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e. Reserve buffer zones around water courses, wells and neighboring fields that contain
sensitive crops. If the label does not state a specific buffer zone distance, leave an
untreated area of natural vegetation;
f. Minimize pesticide storage by purchasing only what will be used during the growing
seasons. However, the storage should be locked and should have impervious flooring. It
also should have curb around the entire floor perimeter of the storage facility to contain
any spills;
g. Apply appropriate amount of fertilizer and distribute evenly on the ground during fine
weather.
7.4

AIR QUALITY CONTROL

The proposed mitigation measures are:a. Felling of timber tree and planting shall be programmed to be implemented in stage by
stage process. This is to avoid the overall area being cleared in one short of period.
b. The planting of timber latex clone trees activity shall be well planned so as to avoid the
clearance land being left bare in a long term period. It is best practice to undertake the
land clearing and planting activity in stage by stage or phase by phase method.
c. Reduce activities that involve burning fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels will emit
gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen as
well as particulates and toxic metals that can pollute our atmosphere and affect our health
and quality of life.
d. Ensure the machinery and equipment used in the plantation project is in good condition
and is regularly maintained. Project proponent should always ensure that machinery and
equipment do not emit excessive amount of smoke.
e. No open burning can be done either within or outside the proposed project site. The open
burning is strictly prohibited. Any offences on the matter shall be subjected to heavier
penalty of a fine not exceeding RM500,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5
years or both. The project proponent shall put a “No Open Burning” signage within the
project site to remind all parties involved in the plantation operation.
f. Tree trunks from the felled vegetation should be sold to sawmill and the rest to charcoal
manufacturers. Left over woody waste material including large roots should be cut into
smaller manageable pieces proper to decomposition.

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ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT

Proper planning and firm implementation of all operations within the study area should be the
basic principle in minimizing impacts on the forest ecosystem. At all stages of operation,
field managers should safeguard the integrity of both land and forest through thoughtful
planning and sensitive implementation of forestry operations. Maximum care must also be
taken to reduce soil erosion and minimize soil disturbance.
Fauna
Land use conversion from forest environment into plantation uses would involve permanent
loss of habitats and communities, and reduction in native biodiversity for which there is little
or no mitigation and which represents a tradeoff for the proposed development. Some
mitigating measures for impact on fauna involve:
a. Rescue of trapped or distressed animals.
b. Ensure that alien invasive and pest species are not deliberately or inadvertently
introduced into the local environment.
c. Provision of migrating route for existing fauna to move to surrounding habitat as
indicated in project layout plan.
d. Retain living trees with cavities. Tree cavities provide shelter, dens, nests and
foraging sites for many wildlife species. Research indicates that over 50 species of
birds and mammals stay in the tree cavities.
e. Timber trees (>40dbh) left remaining on site must be maintained to shelter of
avifauna (birds) and regeneration of seeds to be carried by birds.
f. Provision of “No Hunting” warning signage within project site. Example of the
warning signage is shown in Figure 7.1.
g. Shouting to scare the wild animals such as monkey back to the forest to prevent any
unforeseen injuries / harm if they encroach the project site.

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Figure 7.1: “No Hunting” warning signage

Flora
The proposed mitigation measures are:a. Provision of ‘sediment basin, check dam and sump, stabilization of all exposed slope are
the important steps to reduce/minimize impacts on existing streams and adjoining river
system within site and further downstream.
b. Shifting of valuable flora to suitable habitat near to the proposed project area.
c. Minimize removal of flora. Practice principle of conservation, only cut flora that is
necessary for demand of any land clearing activities.
d. Forest workers must be trained and disciplined. The workers should not intrude into the
forest areas for various kinds of illegal activities such as cutting for firewood, burning and
hunting.
e. The bare and exposed slope shall be immediately replanted with forest (native) trees and
cover crops. The list of the legume plant species, such as, ‘Pueraria phaseoloides,
Centrosema pubescens, Panicum nodosum, and Calopogorium muanoides’ will be
selected as appropriate species for cover crops.
f. Use cut biomass (branches, leaves and roots) as protection barrier to protect bared soil
from erosion agent. They shredded mulch must be spread over steep slope to reduce
erosion.
g. All necessary measures in accordance to the existing guidelines for development projects
in hill forest must be strictly adhered to in order to minimize adverse impacts to the

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forests. This includes strict implementation of road construction in compliance with the
last Road Specifications Guidelines of the Forestry Department, Peninsular Malaysia.
Vehicles movement should be restricted to the predetermined access roads and not
meander beyond them.
h. Road density should be kept to the barest minimum and their alignments must be
predetermined. Drainage of roads must be addressed properly to minimize soil erosion
and siltation. Stream crossing of roads should also be minimized.
i. Supervision must also be enforced to ensure that no unnecessary logging is done in areas
outside the logging blocks and only designated tagged trees are removed.
j. Density of skid trails of less than or equal to 300 m/ha shall be re-vegetated with
appropriate species, mainly indigenous tree species.
k. Oils, metals and other chemicals which are brought into the forest must be carefullyhandled and controlled. Their disposal should also be monitored to prevent mishaps that
can adversely affect vegetation.
l. The river reserve to be at least 10 m on both sides to maintain as riparian habitats to
perform important and critical ecological function as it provides rich habitat for both flora
and fauna.
m. On completion of land clearing, progressive cover crop and rubber trees planting will
establish new habitats and canopy bridges.
n. Site clearance will follow the proposed phases and stockpile of shredded biomass is
shown in project layout plan.
o. When clearing for right of ways, push trees, vegetation and other debris to the downhill
side. This material will serve as a filter for trapping soil and other material that may wash
away from existing road surface.
7.6

NOISE LEVEL CONTROL

The proposed mitigation measures are:a. Maintain surrounding vegetation or trees as much as possible to act as a noise absorption
barrier.
b. The usual noise mitigation actions such as exhaust mufflers, regularly serviced vehicles
and speed reduction will reduce the noise impact as well.
c. Low noise equipment shall be used in the land clearing operation.

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d. The quarterly noise monitoring program shall be carried out to monitor the noise levels of
this project if necessary.
e. Ear protector shall be provided if and where necessary. All necessary actions taken to
minimize the noise problems during the operation period.
f. Suitable noise absorbent materials such as wooden padding, silencers or muffles should
be installed on machinery that produces high noise levels. Machinery emitting high noise
shall be sited within an enclosure to reduce the noise impact.
g. Set the speed limit within the site and any road pass by settlement area to reduce the noise
level.

7.7

FERTILIZERS / AGROCHEMICALS USAGE CONTROL

The best way to prevent pollution to the environment due to crop maintenance is to avoid
using chemical pesticides, fungicides and herbicides or fertilizers altogether in plantation.
Biological methods of combating pest attack or manual and mechanical removal of weeds
may be successful to an extent. However, this is not always viable and inevitably pesticides
and fertilizers will have to be used especially in commercial operations. The best way to
reduce the impact to the environment is through responsible use and good management of
fertilizers and pesticides such as fungicides and herbicides.

Use of pesticides could be minimized through conscious effort form the proponent by
selecting resistant variety, high quality and healthy plants and varieties that are well adapted
to prevailing environmental conditions. Incorporation of biological as well as mechanical
means of pest control could further minimize the use of pesticides.

A good management of agrochemicals will not only minimize the use of chemical fertilizers
and pesticides but also enhance their effectiveness, thus reducing the need for further
application. Good management of chemicals and fertilizers includes consideration of the
following:
a. Fertilizer – the amount and time of fertilizer application required for a certain soil can
be determined through soil test and leaf analysis. Information on soil texture, level of
organic matter content, phosphorus and potassium can be obtained through this test.
Fertilizer application should be scheduled at the time when the crops can best use
them.

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b. Time of application – the amount of pesticides and fertilizers used is also dependent
on the time of application. Application of pesticides should be scheduled to when the
target pests are still at a young or vulnerable stage and pre-treatment of planting
material with fungicide will reduce the pesticides and fungicides required, thus
reducing the need for more future application.
c. Application procedure – Application and preparation of chemicals should comply
with the procedures stated on the product labels. Proper calibration will prevent waste
of fertilizers and pesticides and minimize the amount that could leach into the
environment.
d. Handling of chemicals and fertilizers – pesticides, fungicides, herbicides and
fertilizers should be handled with extreme care. The persons employed to handle these
substances should be well-versed in chemical products, their general characteristics,
and especially harmful effects, their environmental implications and procedures for
treatment of poisoning especially of pesticides.
Training should be given to the personnel handling these materials so as to avoid
unwanted accidents. Strict supervision of pest control should be enforced and
necessary equipment and protection gears made available to those in direct contact
with the materials. Pesticides and fertilizers should be kept well-stored and secured /
locked. Disposal of containers and scheduled wastes should be in accordance with
scheduled waste disposal procedures.
e. Application of organic fertilizer because it poses fewer problems since this fertilizer
stores the essential nutrients that will slowly be released by microbial action when
required by the plants. Presence of these living microscopic organisms will also
maintain soil chemical and ecological balance. Higher application rates may safely be
applied and the fertilizer will last over a longer period of time. Its advantage is that it
may not release sufficient nutrients during the period of rapid vegetative growth,
when demand is greatest. Its use alone may prove to be highly inadequate in meeting
the plant nutrient requirements for crop protection.
f. Proper timing, placement and use of slow-release fertilizer maintained at low, natural
levels to meet the plants’ needs. The slow-release properties decrease chances of
entering ground and surface waters.
g. Construction of water traps in order to reuse nutrients.
h. Planting of cover crops to control weeds.
i. Use of non-evaporating herbicides by ring application.

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j. Application of approved, non-residual and highly bio-degradable pesticides only as
needed
7.8

SOCIO-ECONOMY SYSTEM

The proposed mitigation measures that need to be considered to ensure a healthy
socioeconomic development of the affected community would include:

a. Encouraging significant participation especially in the employment of the local
community in the project. The local community would be the recipients of any direct or
indirect adverse or beneficial impacts of the project. Thus they should also be given the
opportunity to participate actively and benefit from the project. Employment preference
to the local community should be given with the aim of improving the socio-economic
well-being of the local community.
b. Avoiding conflicts with foreign workers during construction and operation and providing
proper designated housing and recreational facilities. The employment of foreign workers
needs to be controlled and checked to avoid any sentiment that the local participation is
not a priority.
c. Upgrading of community infrastructures to benefit the public at large. These would
include the electricity supply, water supply, road and transportation, telecommunication,
waste disposal system, drainage system, recreational area, religious center and other
public facilities. Although this project cannot serve every individual in the community,
improvement in public infrastructure and amenities are benefits that could be physically
realized by the community. Corporate participation in improving the public facilities are
generally taken as positive and constructive participation to enhance the welfare of the
community.
d. Development of businesses and linkages to the project to spur economic activities in the
local communities. The project could generate businesses for the local communities, for
example in the provision of supplies, transportation, area and building maintenance, food
supplies and canteen and others. These developments could assist the local economy to
grow and widen the economic impact to the local community.
e. Providing training facilities and skill development programs for the local labor force in
order for the local to participate in the project development. It is important that the project
management offers training to the local community members to develop their skills and
be able to participate in the project. Relationship with other training agencies including
government agencies could offer wide opportunities for the locals to gain skill and
employment in the market.

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f. Improvement in plantation waste disposal system for the sake of health and safety. Proper
waste disposal system during harvest and operation need to be developed to avoid public
health hazard, water and water contamination. Community sensitivity on plantation waste
contamination need to be considered.
7.9 BIOMASS MANAGEMENT
The proposed site is a secondary forest which is rich in flora and fauna. During the land
clearing phase, trees of timber values will be removed following forestry guidelines. No open
burning are to be practiced to get rid of biomass produced. The biomass will be stored in a
designated site within the project area as shown in the project layout plan. The branches,
roots, poles and logs will be shredded into pieces and allowed to dry and decay. The decay or
mulched trees will be used in controlling soil erosion on expose soil or slope area. Besides,
the proposed biomass dumping site management is:a. The biomass dumping site will be located away from watercourses
b. The designated biomass dumping site must be on flat area and cover by existing
vegetation.
c. A set of earth drain shall be constructed to surround the biomass dumping site to channel
the surface runoff into the nearest sediment basin.
7.10

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Workers are the ones who will be exposed to occupational health and safety hazards. The
following mitigation measures should be implemented in order to minimize these hazards,
a. Workers should be given proper and adequate training in machinery and safe working
procedures.
b. Workers should be provided appropriate clothing, footwear and personal protective
equipment (PPE) to protect employees from harm due to any hazard in the workplace and
ensure it is used correctly. Clothing or equipment shall be comfortable and allow free
movement. It also must clean and properly maintained. If the clothing or equipment for
workers were damages, it should be repaired or discarded.
c. The person or workers who entering in harvesting or tree felling operations shall wear
high visibility clothing. During the hour of darkness, high visibility clothing with reflector
strips shall be worn.
d. All workers who use a chainsaw shall wear safety leg protection and the protection shall
be designed to meet local conditions and meets recognized standards.

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e. Gloves shall be used when there is potential for injury from chemicals, heat and abrasions
or punctures.
f. During harvesting stage when normally traffic volume is higher than any other stages, the
traffic signage at strategic locations within the proposed project area should be provided
to avoid accidents and traffics congestion.
g. Workers should be provided with personnel protective apparels such as safety boots,
gloves and respirators especially for agrochemical application.
h. Formulation of occupational safety and health (OSH) team in the site organization. The
scope of the team are:














To always review measures taken to ensure the safety and health of the people at
the workplace.
To investigate any matters at the workplace deemed to be unsafe or unhealthy by
the committee members or the worker concerned who has been brought to the
employer’s concern.
Assist in the development of regulations, programs and safe work systems.
Implement studies on accident trends and statistics, hazardous occupational
diseases and poisoning and subsequently give suggestions on control measures to
the employer.
Review the safety and health policies at the workplace and submit a proposal to
the employer on the review if required.
Carry out scheduled inspections on the workplaces, to identify dangers, including
unsafe actions by the employees at the workplace, and subsequently discuss the
result of the inspection with the employer and suggest necessary improvement
measures.
Conduct instant investigations on accident occurrences, occupational disease,
hazardous poisoning and incident at the workplace, and submit proposals
concerning preventative measures to the employer.
Assist in the organization of safety and health encouragement and education
program at the workplace.
Discuss reports and information by safety and health officers, law enforcement
parties and external auditors, if any.

7.11 TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Transport operation involves movement of vehicles to transport workers, supplies and
materials to and from the project site. The volume of traffic on local roads is expected to
increase thus leading to dust generation and traffic congestion around the area. Therefore, a
few mitigation actions such as those suggested below should be implemented by the project
proponent. These actions are:-

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a. Proper traffic signboard be erected at appropriate spots such as T junction, approaching
settlement area, base camps, stream crossing, etc.
b. Establish speed limit along the main road especially near the settlement areas.
c. No transportation activity shall be carried out after 6pm and before 6am to reduce risk to
the general public when visibility is poor and to ensure a period of tranquility for both
humans and wildlife.
d. All drivers should observe proper traffic signaling during transportation activity to allow
lighter vehicles to overtake, etc.
e. Transportation is prohibited on rainy days to reduce the risk of accidents and further road
damage.
f. If any section of the road to the site is subjected to damage by the transportation vehicles,
repair work shall be done immediately.
g. Any public complaints must be investigated and appropriate action shall be taken to settle
them as soon as possible.

7.12 INFECTIONS DISEASE CONTROL
As mentioned earlier in chapter 4, Malaria and Leptospirosis diseases are the common health
diseases in the Jajahan Gua Musang. Based on the health data collected from Jabatan
Kesihatan Negeri Kelantan, it is noticed that there are 133 Malaria cases and 48 Leptospirosis
in 2013. Hence, disease control is an important factor to safeguard the workers and
surrounding human community. Following is the proposed mitigation actions in prevention
the disease outbreak.

General disease prevention
a. Employee’s records and details must be obtained and kept by the project proponent.
b. If foreign workers are employed, the relevant procedures must be followed by the project
proponent. Health screenings must first be carried out, including for local workers, to
prevent those who are infected with infectious disease from working at the proposed
project site.
c. All employees must undergo health screenings twice a year.

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d. An audit team is to be set up by the project proponent to keep health records of each
employee.
e. The project proponent needs to provide adequate basic facilities and utility (potable or
clean water, mosquito netting) for employees at the proposed project site.
f. A compliance monitoring report needs to be prepared by the project proponent to monitor
all the hygiene and health measures for each employees and contractor involved.
g. All rubbish must be dumped at a suitable area permitted by the local authorities to prevent
stenches and the presence of insects and flies that are among vectors of infectious disease.
h. Prevent stagnant water within the project site. The hygiene level at the project site is to be
maintained and monitored.
i. Project proponent has to make sure that a chef at the workers quarters need to undergo a
health courses.
j. Avoid using water river water nearby as a daily usage to prevent workers from waterborne disease. The project proponent is advised to provide a tube well or Boaring Tool
method for supplying the water source for workers.
k. Provide adequate sanitation facilities include:
Toilets with septic tank (capable of treating sewage to ‘Standard A’ of the Environmental
Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009, Environmental Quality Act 1974) and fulfilling the
requirements of the National Water Services Commission (SPAN) that are maintained
regularly to ensure their effectiveness
A domestic waste disposal system is capable of ensuring proper disposal, prevention of
scavenging by rodents and other scavenging
Prevention of Malaria Diseases
There is no specific vaccine against the malaria. The proposed preventive measures are:a. The base camps/kongsi houses for workers, site office, storage and workshop for
equipment / machines are always maintained clean and no retention occurred especially in
the empty containers resulting the breeding of mosquitoes that have been infected with
the parasite (sporozoites) which can causes the malaria.
b. Employees are also asked to wear long sleeved shirts with long pants to avoid mosquito
bites during in the project site.
c. ‘Net’ must also be installed on every window in the site office and the base
camps/kongsi/houses for workers to prevent the mosquito bites.
d. Employees should also be supplied with the repellent cream to avoid mosquito bites.

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EIA TLC Plantation Kelantan

Kosmo Unik Sdn Bhd

e. The foreign and local workers that newly appointed should do the medical examination
(initial maintenance – screening employees) to prevent the important disease cases.
Similarity to the existing workers do the health examination (periodic maintenance –
screening employees) regularly every six (6) months and depending on project site
condition.
f. Every once in a month, all the workers need to take a blood sample and need to be
examined by the nearest Department of Health to ensure that all workers are not infected
with Malaria.
g. The project proponent should refer to the nearest Department of Health (Gua Musang) at
the CDC or vector unit for gaining information on the malaria disease, the preventive
medicine and the surrounding area that has been identified after an outbreak of malaria.
Prevention of Leptospirosis
a. Avoid areas of stagnant water, especially in tropical climates. If you are exposed to a high
risk area, taking doxycycline or amoxicillin may decrease your risk at developing this
disease.
b. Medications to treat leptospirosis include:Ampicillin
Azithromycin
Ceftriaxone
Doxycycline
Penicillin
c. Control rats and mice around the home or kongsi
d. Wear protective clothing (gloves, boots, long pants, and long-sleeved shirt) when working
with wet soil or pants)
e. For the coworkers who has the symptoms of the Leptospirosis disease need to see the
doctor to get the treatment and report to be submitted to the nearest District Health Office
immediately.

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