Module 9

Published on July 2016 | Categories: Documents | Downloads: 56 | Comments: 0 | Views: 363
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Module 9
Making connections Genes, lifestyle, environment

Not everyone who has genetic mutations will develop cancer

Genes
Acquired

Mutations
Inherited

Interactions

mutations

environment

lifestyle

Epigenetic factors
• No change in DNA • changes in gene expression as cells divide = Suppression
– Methylation
• covalent addition of a methyl group

– Histone modification

Environmental factors
• Tobacco use
– Over 60 carcinogens – 30% of all cancer deaths – Lung, bladder, pancreas, kidney, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, breast, stomach, liver cancer

• Diet
– Xenobiotics, nitrosamines, aflatoxins

Environmental factors
• Hormones • Obesity
– Pro-inflammatory state

• Alcohol
– Direct epithelial cell toxicity
• Toxic oxygen radicals

• Ionizing radiation • Ultra violet radiation

Environmental factors
• STDs
– HPV

• Physical Activity • Occupational hazards
– Asbestos mesothelioma

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