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Reims Cathedral Our Lady of Reims Notre-Dame de Reims
Façade of the Notre-Dame de Reims
Basic information
Reims,, France Reims
Location Geographic
Coordinates:: 49°15′13″N4°02′03″E Coordinates
coordinates
49°15′13″N 4°02′03″E
Roman Catholic
Affiliation Region
Champagne-Ardenne
Province
Archdiocese of Reims
Ecclesiastical or
Cathedral
organizational status
Active
Status
1862, 1991
Heritage designation
www.cathedrale-reims.com
Website
Architectural description Architectural
Church
type Architectural style
French Gothic
Groundbreaking 1211
1275
Completed
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name: Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Former Notre-Dame, Former Abbey of Saint-Remi and Palace Palace of Tau Tau , Reims Type:
Cultural
Criteria:
i, ii, vi
Designated:
1991
Reference No.
601 France
State Party: Region:
Europe and North America
Session:
15th
Notre-Dame de Reims
(Our Lady of Reims) Reims) is the seat of the Archdiocese the Archdiocese of Reims, Reims, where [1]
the kings of France of France were crowned. crowned.
The Thecathedral replaces an older church, destroyed by fire in
1211, that was built on the site of the basilica where Clovis was baptized by Saint Remi, Remi, bishop of Reims,, in AD 496. That original structure had itself been erected on the site of some Roman baths. Reims baths. A [2]
major tourism destination, the cathedral receives about one million visitors annually. annually.
History Excavations have shown that the present building occupies roughly the same site as the original cathedral, founded c.400 under the episcopacy of St of St Nicaise. Nicaise. That church was rebuilt during the Carolingian period and further extended in the 12th century. On July 6, 1210 the cathedral was damaged by fire and reconstruction started shortly after, beginning at the eastern end. Documentary records show the acquisition of land to the west of the site in 1218, suggesting the new cathedral was substantially larger than its predecessors, the lengthening of the nave presumably being an adaptation to afford room for the crowds that attended [3]
the coronations coronations..
In 1233 a long-running dispute between the cathedral chapter chapter and and the townsfolk
(regarding issues of taxation and legal jurisdiction) boiled over into open revolt. revolt.
[4]
Several clerics were
killed or injured during the resulting violence and the entire cathedral chapter fled the city, leaving it under an interdict (effectively banning all public worship and sacraments). Work on the new cathedral was suspended for three years, only resuming in 1236 after the clergy returned to the city and the interdict was lifted following mediation by the King and the Pope. Construction then continued more slowly. The area from the crossing eastwards was in use by 1241 but the nave was not roofed until 1299 (when the French King lifted the tax on lead used for that purpose). Work on the west facade
took place in several phases, which is reflected in the very different styles of some of the sculptures. The upper parts of the facade were completed in the 14th century, but apparently following 13th century designs, giving Reims an unusual unity of style.
Coronation of Charles of Charles VII in 1429.
Unusually the names of the cathedral's original architects are known. A labyrinth built into floor of the nave at the time of construction or shortly after (similar to examples at Chartres and Amiens and Amiens)) included the names of four master masons (Jean d'Orbais, d'Orbais, Jean-Le-Loup Jean-Le-Loup,, Gaucher de Reims andBernard andBernard de Soissons) Soissons) and the number of years they worked there, though art historians still disagree over who was responsible for which parts of the building. building.
[5]
The labyrinth itself was
destroyed in 1779 but its details and inscriptions are known from 18th century drawings. The clear association here between a labyrinth and master masons adds weight to the argument that such patterns were an allusion to the emerging status of the architect (through their association with the mythical artificer Daedalus artificer Daedalus,, who built the Labyrinth of King of King Minos) Minos). The cathedral also contains further evidence of the rising status of the architect in the tomb of Huges Liberger (d. 1268, architect of the now-destroyed Reims church of St-Nicaise). Not only is he given the honor of an engraved slab; he is shown holding a miniature model of his church (an honor formerly reserved for noble donors) and wearing the academic garb befitting an intellectual. The towers, 81 m tall (approx. 267 ft), were originally designed to rise 120 m (approximately 394 ft). The south tower tower holds just two great bells; one of them, named “Charlotte” by Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine in 1570, weighs more than 10,000 kg (about 11 tons). During the Hundred Years' War the War the cathedral was under siege by the English from 1359 to 1360. After it fell the English held Reims and the Cathedral until 1429 when it was liberated by Joan of Arc which allowed the Dauphin Charles to be crowned king on 17 July 1429.
In 1875 the French National Assembly voted £80,000 for repairs of the façade and balustrades. The façade is the finest portion of the building, and one of the great masterpieces of the Middle Ages. Ages. German shellfire during the opening engagements of the First World War on War on 20 September 1914 burned, damaged and destroyed important parts of the cathedral. Scaffolding around the north tower caught fire, spreading the blaze to all parts of the carpentry superstructure. The lead of the roofs melted and poured through the stone gargoyles gargoyles,, destroying in turn the bishop's palace. Images of the cathedral in ruins were used during the war as propaganda images by the French against the Germans and their deliberate destruction of buildings rich in national and cultural [6]
heritage. heritage.
Restoration work began in 1919, under the direction of Henri Deneux, a native of Reims
and chief architect of the Monuments Historiques; Historiques; the cathedral was fully reopened in 1938, thanks in part to financial support from the Rockefellers Rockefellers,, but work has been steadily going on since.
Façade of the Notre-Dame de Reims
Basic information
Reims,, France Reims
Location Geographic
Coordinates:: 49°15′13″N4°02′03″E Coordinates
coordinates
49°15′13″N 4°02′03″E
Roman Catholic
Affiliation Region
Champagne-Ardenne
Province
Archdiocese of Reims
Ecclesiastical or
Cathedral
organizational status
Active
Status
1862, 1991
Heritage designation
www.cathedrale-reims.com
Website
Architectural description Architectural
Church
type Architectural style
French Gothic
Groundbreaking 1211
1275
Completed
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name: Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Former Notre-Dame, Former Abbey of Saint-Remi and Palace Palace of Tau Tau , Reims Type:
Cultural
Criteria:
i, ii, vi
Designated:
1991
Reference No.
601 France
State Party: Region:
Europe and North America
Session:
15th
Notre-Dame de Reims
(Our Lady of Reims) Reims) is the seat of the Archdiocese the Archdiocese of Reims, Reims, where [1]
the kings of France of France were crowned. crowned.
The Thecathedral replaces an older church, destroyed by fire in
1211, that was built on the site of the basilica where Clovis was baptized by Saint Remi, Remi, bishop of Reims,, in AD 496. That original structure had itself been erected on the site of some Roman baths. Reims baths. A [2]
major tourism destination, the cathedral receives about one million visitors annually. annually.
History Excavations have shown that the present building occupies roughly the same site as the original cathedral, founded c.400 under the episcopacy of St of St Nicaise. Nicaise. That church was rebuilt during the Carolingian period and further extended in the 12th century. On July 6, 1210 the cathedral was damaged by fire and reconstruction started shortly after, beginning at the eastern end. Documentary records show the acquisition of land to the west of the site in 1218, suggesting the new cathedral was substantially larger than its predecessors, the lengthening of the nave presumably being an adaptation to afford room for the crowds that attended [3]
the coronations coronations..
In 1233 a long-running dispute between the cathedral chapter chapter and and the townsfolk
(regarding issues of taxation and legal jurisdiction) boiled over into open revolt. revolt.
[4]
Several clerics were
killed or injured during the resulting violence and the entire cathedral chapter fled the city, leaving it under an interdict (effectively banning all public worship and sacraments). Work on the new cathedral was suspended for three years, only resuming in 1236 after the clergy returned to the city and the interdict was lifted following mediation by the King and the Pope. Construction then continued more slowly. The area from the crossing eastwards was in use by 1241 but the nave was not roofed until 1299 (when the French King lifted the tax on lead used for that purpose). Work on the west facade
took place in several phases, which is reflected in the very different styles of some of the sculptures. The upper parts of the facade were completed in the 14th century, but apparently following 13th century designs, giving Reims an unusual unity of style.
Coronation of Charles of Charles VII in 1429.
Unusually the names of the cathedral's original architects are known. A labyrinth built into floor of the nave at the time of construction or shortly after (similar to examples at Chartres and Amiens and Amiens)) included the names of four master masons (Jean d'Orbais, d'Orbais, Jean-Le-Loup Jean-Le-Loup,, Gaucher de Reims andBernard andBernard de Soissons) Soissons) and the number of years they worked there, though art historians still disagree over who was responsible for which parts of the building. building.
[5]
The labyrinth itself was
destroyed in 1779 but its details and inscriptions are known from 18th century drawings. The clear association here between a labyrinth and master masons adds weight to the argument that such patterns were an allusion to the emerging status of the architect (through their association with the mythical artificer Daedalus artificer Daedalus,, who built the Labyrinth of King of King Minos) Minos). The cathedral also contains further evidence of the rising status of the architect in the tomb of Huges Liberger (d. 1268, architect of the now-destroyed Reims church of St-Nicaise). Not only is he given the honor of an engraved slab; he is shown holding a miniature model of his church (an honor formerly reserved for noble donors) and wearing the academic garb befitting an intellectual. The towers, 81 m tall (approx. 267 ft), were originally designed to rise 120 m (approximately 394 ft). The south tower tower holds just two great bells; one of them, named “Charlotte” by Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine in 1570, weighs more than 10,000 kg (about 11 tons). During the Hundred Years' War the War the cathedral was under siege by the English from 1359 to 1360. After it fell the English held Reims and the Cathedral until 1429 when it was liberated by Joan of Arc which allowed the Dauphin Charles to be crowned king on 17 July 1429.
In 1875 the French National Assembly voted £80,000 for repairs of the façade and balustrades. The façade is the finest portion of the building, and one of the great masterpieces of the Middle Ages. Ages. German shellfire during the opening engagements of the First World War on War on 20 September 1914 burned, damaged and destroyed important parts of the cathedral. Scaffolding around the north tower caught fire, spreading the blaze to all parts of the carpentry superstructure. The lead of the roofs melted and poured through the stone gargoyles gargoyles,, destroying in turn the bishop's palace. Images of the cathedral in ruins were used during the war as propaganda images by the French against the Germans and their deliberate destruction of buildings rich in national and cultural [6]
heritage. heritage.
Restoration work began in 1919, under the direction of Henri Deneux, a native of Reims
and chief architect of the Monuments Historiques; Historiques; the cathedral was fully reopened in 1938, thanks in part to financial support from the Rockefellers Rockefellers,, but work has been steadily going on since.
