Optimal Tax
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Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
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Fptjgmk Tmx
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\jgpkjajid hudoit pripmrmtjfe “ pripmrmtjfe “ tmxis tmxis wjtbfut tmx kmws Hy -----------QJ@MZM CXY\BEM QMXGM Mhstrmlt0 - M eiw ilfefgjl systig, wbjlb jevfkvis m eiw tmx systig lmkkid ‛TF^ Tmx systig‗, wjkk gmci hudoit pripmrmtjfe fa mey lfuetry tf hi sjgpki, sjgpki, imsy med tjgi smvjeo ixirljsi. Tbiri wjkk hi ef tmx lfkkiltjfe ixpiedjturi afr tbi Ofviregiets med ef tmx lfgpkjmeli lfsts afr tbi pifpki. Tbjs eiw tmx systig, ja mdfptid med jgpkigietid hy mkk emtjfes, wjkk rikjivi ? hjkkjfe pifpki fa tbi wfrkd arfg tbi lfhwih fa mghjoufus med lfgpkix tmx strulturis, pkitbfrm fa tmx kmws, gmedmtfry med lughirsfgi mllfuetjeo, mudjtjeo, tmx ritures med lfesiquiet qumogjri fa mkk tmx rikmtid lmsis. Tmxmtjfe, tmx lfkkiltjfe, tmx ieafrligiet, tmx lfgpkjmeli, mkkflmtjfe fa rivieuis tf vmrjfus gjejstrjis fr dipmrtgiets med gfeiy suppky jetf tbi ilfefgy mri uejajid med jetiormtid je tbi hmecjeo systig. Ljtjzies eiid eft gmjetmje sipmrmti mllfuet hffcs med suhgjt tmx ritures meeumkky afr pmyjeo ijtbir Djrilt tmxis fe pirsfemk jelfgis fr Jedjrilt tmxis wbjki rueejeo husjeiss fr jedustry.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M lfggfe tmx systig afr mkk emtjfes---------Hy QJ@MZM CXY\BEM QMXGM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^kimsi vjsjt
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Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
\jgpkjajid hudoit pripmrmtjfe J mg suooistjeo eiw gitbfds, gfdiks, med jeefvmtjvi med mktiremtjvi pfkjljis je tbi mrims fa gfeitmry systig, hudoit pripmrmtjfe , hmecjeo ajemeli systig, puhkjl ajemeli,
fptjgmk tmxmtjfe, tmx lfkkiltjfe, tmx lfgpkjmeli, suhsjdjis, gfeiy suppky, med ajslmk pfkjly tf bikp rigfvi lfrruptjfe, tmx ivmsjfe, ilfefgjl rilissjfe, hkmlc gfeiy, amci lurriely, rmesfgs, rfhhirjis med sfljitmk jeiqumkjtjis. Je gy fpjejfe, tbi prfpfsid eiw ilfefgjl systig gmy usbir je offd ofviremeli, =>>% tmx lfgpkjmeli med lfrruptjfe arii ievjrfegiet. Jt suooists m sjeoki sjeoki tmx lmkkid ‛TF^ Tmx‗ ( Trmesair Fr ^urlbmsi Tmx) afr hftb Lietri med \tmtis lfghjeid je pkmli fa prisiet guktjpki Jedjrilt tmxis wjtb djaairiet skmh rmtis fe djaairiet offds/lfggfdjtjis/sirvjlis med guktjpki Djrilt tmxis wjtb djaairiet skmh rmtis, rikjivjeo 1.: hjkkjfe pifpki fa tbi wfrkd arfg tbi lfhwih fa mghjoufus med lfgpkix tmx strulturis, pkitbfrm fa tmx kmws, gmedmtfry med lughirsfgi mllfuetjeo, mudjtjeo, tmx ritures med lfesiquiet qumogjri fa mkk tmx rikmtid lmsis. Tmxmtjfe, tmx lfkkiltjfe, tmx ieafrligiet, tmx lfgpkjmeli, mkkflmtjfe fa rivieuis tf vmrjfus gjejstrjis fr dipmrtgiets med gfeiy suppky jetf tbi ilfefgy mri uejajid med jetiormtid je tbi hmecjeo systig. Ljtjzies eiid eft gmjetmje sipmrmti mllfuet hffcs med suhgjt tmx ritures meeumkky afr pmyjeo ijtbir Djrilt tmxis fe pirsfemk jelfgis fr Jedjrilt tmxis wbjki rueejeo husjeiss fr jedustry. Tbjs eiw ilfefgjl systig jevfkvjeo m eiw tmx systig wjtbfut guktjpki tmxis, tmx kmws, tmx lfkkiltjfe dipmrtgiets, tmx trjhuemks med tmx ieafrligiet moieljis, ievjsmois 8> tf <> % gfri rivieuis tbme prisietky mllrujeo arfg guktjpki tmxis lfkkiltid hy djaairiet tmx lfkkiltjfe dipmrtgiets/moieljis. Tbi mvmjkmhjkjty fa risfurlis med lmpjtmk akfws, eiidid afr ilfefgjl rilfviry, js tbi sika-prjgjeo lbmrmltir fa tbi tbi ‛TF^ Tmx systig‗ wjtbfut Ofviregiet‚s ajslmk stjgukus pmlcmois. Tbjs eiw ilfefgjl systig sbmkk hi fpirmtid hy hmecs mt gjejgug fpirmtjeo lfst wjtb kjgjtid pmpir lurriely (>.4%) med digmtirjmkjsid gfeiy (::.1%) fa tbi tftmk gfeiy mvmjkmhki je tbi ilfefgy je tbi pmrtjlukmr lfuetry, tbirihy tftmkky ikjgjemtjeo hkmlc gfeiy, tmx ivmsjfe, amci lurriely, lfrruptjfe med ixtfrtjfes. Yedir tbjs eiw tmxmtjfe systig tbi tmx eit, lmst hy hmecs, wjkk hi tbi hrfmdist wjtb mhsfkutiky ef tmx ivmsjfe, gmcjeo jt pfssjhki afr tbi kfwist tmx skmh rmti med tbi lbimpist prjlis fa lfggfdjtjis/sirvjlis. Tbi ridjstrjhutjfe fa rivieuis arfg Ofviregiet tf pifpki je tbi afrg fa wikamri slbigis, suhsjdjis med vmrjfus rikjia aueds wjkk hilfgi imsjir wjtbfut kimcmois, hrjhis med gjsmpprfprjmtjfe. gjsmpprfprjmtjfe. Mktbfuob tbjs eiw tmxmtjfe systig systig js m hmsjl gfdik suooistid gmjeky afr Jedjm, tbi hmsjl lfelipt fa tmxmtjfe, tmx lfkkiltjfe med tmx lfgpkjmeli gitbfds lme hi mdfptid med jgpkigietid hy mkk tbi divikfpid med divikfpjeo lfuetrjis mkjci tf hieiajt 1.: hjkkjfe pifpki fa tbi wfrkd je mkk spbiris fa tbijr kjvis je fei afrg fr tbi ftbir. ftbir.
Tbjs mrtjlki lfetmjes sivie pmrts0 ---=. Tmx strulturi med djrilt hieiajts fa tbi TF^ Tmx systig. 8. Gitbfd fa jgpkigietmtjfe fa TF^ Tmx systig. <. Gfeiy suppky med gfeitmry pfkjly 4. Fpirmtjeo lfst fa tbi TF^ Tmx systig. 9. Lfgpmrmtjvi study fa Tmx rivieuis hitwiie prisiet systig med tbi prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig. ^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi 8
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
1. Mdvmetmois fa TF^ Tmx systig ?. \uggmry fa TF^ Tmx systig =. Tmx strulturi med strulturi med djrilt hieiajts fa tbi suooistid TF^ Tmx systig systig Tmx strulturi fa suooistid TF^ Tmx systig ^risiet systig Djrilt/Jedjrilt tmxis(Lietri
\uooistid TF^ Tmx systig
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suoois tid skmh rmti
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9+1+2+:+=>+=8+=4+=9+=?+=27
8.lfrpfrmtjfe Tmx
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1.Lietrmk Ixljsi duty ?.Lustfgs duty 2.\irvjli Tmx
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Lfrpfrmtjfe Tmx hy Lietri (fptjfemk)
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Tbiri wjkk hi feky fei gmedmtfry tmx lmkkid TF^ Tmx wjtb sjeoki skmh rmti(4%) afr hftb Lietri med \tmtis lfghjeid je tbi prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig. Tbi ^rfajt tmx je pkmli fa prisiet Jelfgi tmx med lmpjtmk omjes tmx wjkk hi mllfuet hmsjl med tftmkky mvfjdmhki uekjci jedjvjdumk hmsjl med lfgpuksfry je tbi prisiet systig. Afr lkimr uedirstmedjeo pkimsi sii tmhki eughir = med 8 je pmoi eughir 1 med ?. ^rfajt tmx gimes jt wjkk hi jgpfsid fe pirsfe‚s jelfgis jelfgi s (ja rigmjeid mey) imreid/oft tbrfuob smkmry, rigueirmtjfe, husjeiss, jedustry, dfemtjfes med ojats matir kjhirmkky usid fe ixpiedjturi/spiedjeo, vmrjfus jevistgiets, ojats med dfemtjfes. Je tbi prisiet systig, pirsfemk Jelfgi tmx js kivjid fe jelfgis imreid/oft tbrfuob smkmry, rigueirmtjfe, husjeiss, ojats, dfemtjfes med smki prfliids (bfwivir wjtb sfgi ixigptjfes) hiafri usid fe ixpiedjturi/spiedjeo, dfemtjfes med vmrjfus jevistgiets. Yedir prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig tbi Lfrpfrmtjfe Tmx med Lustfg duty/Jgpfrt duty lme hi kivjid hy tbi Lietrmk ofviregiet ms usumk tf smvi sgmkk slmki med dfgistjl jedustrjis rispiltjviky. \jgjkmrky tbi
^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi <
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
ixljsi duty fe kjqufr med wjeis lme hi kivjid hy tbi \tmti ofviregiets ms uedir tbi prisiet systig tf jebjhjt bimvy lfesugptjfe med mddjltjfe.
Djrilt hieiajts fa tbi suooistid TF^ Tmx systig Yedir prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig tbiri wjkk hi ef Jelfgi Tmx med ftbir Djrilt tmxis. Hieiajts0 \f uedir suooistid TF^ Tmx systig, pifpki wbf bmvi tmxmhki jelfgis tbrfuob smkmry/ rigueirmtjfe/prfaissjfemk jelfgi/dfemtjfe/ojat/sirvjli/husjeiss/jedustry jelfgi/dfemtjfe/ojat/sirvjli/husjeiss/jedustry wjkk hieiajt ms tbiy eiid eft pmy Jelfgi tmx/ftbir Djrilt tmxis med suhgjt Jelfgi Tmx ritures meeumkky. ? hjkkjfe ^ifpki fa tbi wfrkd wjkk hi uesbmlckid arfg mkk Djrilt tmxis, tmx kmws, tmx rmjds, tmx ritures, mllfuetjeo med mudjtjeo. Yedir suooistid TF^ Tmx systig tbiri wjkk hi ef \mkis Tmx (QMT), Lietrmk Ixljsi Duty (LIEQMT), \irvjli Tmx med mkk ftbir Jedjrilt Tmxis T mxis. Hieiajts0=. Gmrcits wjkk hi aukky fpie wjtbfut mey burdkis kjci guktjpki tmxis, pirgjts, kjliesis, wmy hjkks, mllfuetjeo, mudjtjeo, tmx ritures med tmx kmws. Trmdirs, gmeuamlturirs, trmespfrtirs, dimkirs, ritmjkirs, viedfrs, lfetrmltfrs, sirvjli prfvjdirs med mkk ftbirs wjkk eft eiid tf gmjetmje mllfuet hffcs, smkis kjsts, stflc kjsts, wmy hjkks itl. Ef mllfuetjeo med mudjtjeo afr mssissgiet purpfsi wjkk hi riqujrid afr jedjvjdumks wbf rue husjeiss fr jedustry. Tbi prisiet dmy trmdi hmrrjirs hitwiie gmeuamlturirs med lfesugirs3 hitwiie tbi \tmtis wjtbje tbi lfuetry med hitwiie tbi emtjfes wjkk hi tftmkky rigfvid. 8. Tbiriafri mkk tbi lbilc pfsts, wjtbje m TF^ Tmx systig‗ jgpkigietid lfuetry, lfuetry, lme hi tftmkky rigfvid mkkfwjeo arii gfvigiet fa jedustrjmk offds/lfggfdjtjis med morjlukturi prfduli arfg meywbiri tf meywbiri je tbmt lfuetry med hieiajttjeo mkk amrgirs, gmeuamlturirs, trmdirs med gfri jgpfrtmetky tbi lfesugirs. <. Tbi ietjri trulc fweirs wjkk hieiajt ms tbiy eiid eft pmy hrjhis mt lbilc pfsts. Tbiy eiid eft lmrry wmy hjkks wbjki trmespfrtjeo jedustrjmk offds med morjlukturi prfduli arfg fei pkmli tf meftbir pkmli je tbmt TF^ Tmx systig jgpkigietid lfuetry. 4. Tbi ietjri amrgjeo lfgguejty wjkk hieiajt ms tbiy lme trmespfrt tbijr morjlukturi prfduli arfg meywbiri tf meywbiri med sikk tbijr prfduli mt gmrcit prjlis. Hmsjl gfdik (Jedjm) 8...........Gitbfd fa Jgpkigietmtjfe fa TF^ tmx systig0 _bmt js riqujrid afr TF^ tmx systig tf hi sullissaukky jgpkigietid js tbi strfeo pfkjtjlmk wjkk tf hujkd tbi hmsjl jearmstrulturi fa prfvjdjeo hmecjeo sirvjli afr iviry vjkkmoi/suhurh/tfwe fr lfkfey bmvjeo m pfpukmtjfe fa mrfued 8>>> wjtb tbi bikp fa prjvmti siltfr hmecs med jestjtutjfes. Tbi Lietrmk ofviregiet sbfukd ojvi m pirgmeiet mllfuet eughir (^ME) hy usjeo hjfgitrjl gitbfd med Jrjs jdietjajlmtjfe tf iviry ljtjzie mhfvi tbi moi fa =9 yimrs med gmci gmedmtfry afr iviry ljtjzie tf bmvi feky fei Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) wjtb tbi smgi ^ME je tbi hmec/sirvjli lietri sjtumtid mt tbi vjkkmoi fr lfkfey wbiri bi kjvis je. Tbi ^ME med G\M eughir sbfukd hi fei med smgi. Iviry ljtjzie wfukd hi mkkfwid tf fpie mey eughir fa \uh \mvjeos Mllfuets (\\M) ms bi/sbi wjsbis tf fpirmti husjeiss fr jedustry je ms gmey hmecs hy usjeo (G\M) eughir. Yedir prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig tbi mllfuetjeo med mudjtjeo fa tbi lfrpfrmti fr puhkjl lfgpmejis wjkk hi gmedmtfry med lfgpuksfry ms je tbi prisiet systig afr prftiltjeo tbi
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^moi 4
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
jetirists fa tbi jevistfrs. Lfrpfrmti fr puhkjl lfgpmejis wjkk hi ojvie Lfrpfrmti Mllfuet Eughirs (LME). Tbi Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) sbfukd hi usid afr huyjeo fa sbmris, kmed afr morjlukturi fr jedustrjmk purpfsi, pkfts, akmts, ofkd, `iwikkiry, vibjlkis, lfggirljmk istmhkjsbgiets fr mey ftbir gfvmhki fr jggfvmhki prfpirty. Tbi G\M sbmkk mksf hi usid tf rilijvi fr pmy smkmrjis, prfaissjfemk aiis, sirvjli aiis, rigueirmtjfes, dfemtjfes, kfmes itl. Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet js mksf eiidid tf oit drjvjeo kjlieli, pmsspfrt, vftjeo rjobt, suhsjdjis, aueds, gfetbky rmtjfe, piesjfes, rigjttmelis med kfmes (pirsfemk, morjlukturi, husjeiss, idulmtjfemk med jedustrjmk) med afr oittjeo lfgpiesmtjfe/ixormtjm/rikjia aueds je tbi iviet fa emturmk lmkmgjtjis kjci lylkfeis, imrtbqumcis, akffds, amgjeis, mlljdiets, itl,. Tbi \uh \mvjeos Mllfuets (\\M) med mksf tbi Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuets (G\M ) lme hi usid afr rueejeo husjeiss, jedustry, slbffks, lfkkiois, bfspjtmks, bftiks, ristmurmets, lfestrultjfe, studjfs, sirvjlis, fr mey ftbir typi fa husjeiss. @ust kjci G\M, tbi \\M lme mksf hi usid tf rilijvi fr pmy smkmrjis, prfaissjfemk aiis, sirvjli aiis, rigueirmtjfes, dfemtjfes kfmes itl. Tbi lfrpfrmti fr puhkjl lfgpmejis wjkk bmvi tf fpirmti mkk lmsb trmesmltjfes tbrfuob tbi Lfrpfrmti Mllfuet Eughir (LME) feky. Matir istmhkjsbjeo suaajljiet eughir fa hmecs/sirvjli lietris hy tbi Ofviregiet (afr ixmgpki, Jedjm) wjtb tbi bikp fa prjvmti siltfr hmecs med ajemeljmk jestjtutjfes, mkk tbi ljtjzies sbfukd hi mscid tf dipfsjt mkk tbi lurriely eftis fa =>>>, 9>>, =>> med 9> rupiis ixlipt 8>, =>, 9, 8 rupii eftis/lfjes, mvmjkmhki wjtb tbig je tbisi hmecs je tbijr eiwky ojvie Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) fr \uh \mvjeos Mllfuets (\\M) wjtbje m stjpukmtid tjgi fa <> dmys. Mkk prisietky rue smvjeos mllfuets med lurriet mllfuets sbfukd hi lfevirtid je tf \uh \mvjeos Mllfuets (\\Ms) wjtb tbi smgi mllfuet eughirs med lme hi fpirmtid arfg tbi smgi hmecs. \jgjkmrky, pifpki wbf bmvi gfeiy je tbi ajxid dipfsjts/ADXs wjkk bmvi tf trmesair mkk tbijr gfeiy arfg tbisi ajxid dipfsjts/ADXs tf tbijr rispiltjvi eiwky ojvie G\Ms fr eiwky fpieid/lfevirtid \\Ms wjtbje tbi smgi stjpukmtid pirjfd fa <> dmys. Matir tbjs ormli pirjfd fa <> dmys, tbi Ofviregiet (afr ixmgpki, Jedjm) eiids tf digfeitjsi mkk eftis fa diefgjemtjfe diefgjemtjfe =>>>, 9>>, =>> med 9> rupii eftis ixlipt ixlipt 8>, =>, 9, med 8 rupii eftis. Arfg tbie fe, tbi TF^ tmx systig hilfgis fpirmtjfemk. fpirmtjfemk . Iviry pirsfe sbmkk hi mkkfwid tf wjtbdrmw lmsb up tf gmxjgug fa rupiis 9,>>> pir gfetb arfg bjs/bir imrejeos fr smvjeos mvmjkmhki je bjs/bir Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet feky. Tbus m amgjky fa twf lme mvmjk lmsb fa =>,>>> rupiis gmxjgug pir gfetb gmjeky tf huy dmjky eilissjtjis kjci vioitmhkis, gjkc, arujts, idjhkis, orflirjis, med mkk ftbir sgmkk fr kfw vmkuid jtigs. M pirsfe‚s gmxjgug lmsb wjtbdrmwmk fa 9,>>> pir gfetb arfg bjs/bir Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) tbrfuob hmec fr MTG wjkk hi je Xs 8>, Xs => med Xs. 9 eftis feky. M pirsfe lme oit sfgi pfrtjfe fa bjs/bir jelfgis/imrejeos trmesairrid djriltky je tf G\Ms fa bjs/bir ftbir efe imrejeo amgjky gighirs arfg sfurli fa bjs/bir jelfgis/imrejeos sf tbmt tbmt bjs/bir amgjky lme wjtbdrmw gfri lmsb (lurriely) (lurriely) pir gfetb. Iviry jedjvjdumk‚s jelfgis med smvjeos wjkk hi je digmtirjmkjsid afrg je bjs/bir G\M fr \\Ms. Ftbir tbme lmsb wjtbdrmwmks fa gmxjgug Xs. 9,>>> pir gfetb arfg bjs/bir Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M), ), ef ef pirsfe wjkk hi mkkfwid tf wjtbdrmw lmsb arfg bjs/bir \uh \mvjeos Mllfuets (\\M). Iviry tjgi m pirsfe huys bjob vmkuid jtigs, offds, vibjlkis, kmed, pkft, akmt, ofkd, `iwikkiry, vibjlkis fr mey ftbir gfvmhki fr jggfvmhki prfpirty, mvmjks pbysjlmk fr jetikkiltumk sirvjlis fr je lmsi bi/sbi kieds, dfemtis gfeiy tf ftbirs, tbie bi/sbi eiids tf trmesair tbi riqujrid gfeiy arfg bjs/bir \uh \mvjeos Mllfuet/Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet tbrfuob lbiqui, dihjt lmrd fr eit hmecjeo (fekjei lmsb trmesairs). Husjeissgie, trmdirs, jedustrjmkjsts wjkk bmvi tf gmci tbijr lmsb trmesairs afr mkk trmesmltjfes tbrfuob lbiqui, dihjt lmrd fr eit hmecjeo ^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi 9
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
(fekjei lmsb trmesair) arfg tbijr \uh \mvjeos Mllfuets/Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet . \jgjkmrky m pirsfe‚s smkmry fr rigueirmtjfe rigueirmtjfe fr prfaissjfemk aii med mkk bjs/bir jelfgis arfg husjeiss fr jedustry wjkk hi lridjtid tf tbijr \uh \mvjeos Mllfuets fr Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet tbrfuob lbiquis, dihjt lmrd fr eit hmecjeo (fekjei lmsb trmesairs). Mkk tbrii mllfuets emgiky LME, \\M med G\M lme hi utjkjsid tf rilijvi, pmy fr stfri jelfgis/imrejeos/smvjeos/dfemtjfes/kfmes. Hut lmsb lme hi wjtbdrmwe feky arfg G\M (ja mvmjkmhki) up tf gmxjgug Xs. 9>>> pir gfetb pir pirsfe. Tbi rigmjejeo mvmjkmhki gfeiy (digmtirjmkjsid afrg) arfg G\M lme hi usid fr spiet tbrfuob dihjt lmrd, lbiqui fr fekjei lmsb trmesair. Afr iviry trmesair fa mgfuet, m 4% Trmesair Fr ^urlbmsi tmx (TF^ Tmx) Tmx ) fa tbmt mgfuet wjkk hi mutfgmtjlmkky didultid arfg bjs/bir G\M/\\M mllfuet. Tbjs 4% tmx mgfuet fe iviry lmsb trmesmltjfe tbrfuob G\M/\\M/LME arfg mkk hmecs je m pmrtjlukmr \tmti wjkk of tf tbi lfghjeid mllfuet fa \tmti med Lietri je tbmt pmrtjlukmr \tmti. <>% fa tbjs mgfuet arfg iviry \tmti med Lietri‚ lfghjeid mllfuet (\MLLM) wjkk of tf Lietrmk ofviregiet pffk mllfuet. Tbi rigmjejeo ?>% wjkk hi ritmjeid hy tbi rispiltjvi \tmti ofviregiets. Tbjs 4% Trmesair Fr ^urlbmsi (TF^ tmx) lme hi ridulid tf 8% wjtbje 4 yimrs arfg tbi mdfptjfe fa tbjs TF^ tmx systig hy riduljeo >.9> hmsjs pfjets pir yimr. Tbjs wjkk aurtbir riduli tbi prjlis fa tbi lfggfdjtjis hieiajttjeo lfesugirs. Mkk ofviregiet mllfuets med hmecs wjkk bmvi tf hi ixigptid arfg tbjs TF^ tmx. Qjvjd ixpkmemtjfe0 Tbjs 4% Trmesair Fr ^urlbmsi Tmx (TF^ Tmx) fe imlb lmsb trmesair, jrrispiltjvi fa tbi rimsfe afr sulb trmesair (purlbmsi, ojat, dfemtjfe, smkmry/rigueirmtjfe fr mey ftbir purpfsi), fpirmtid tbrfuob Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuets (G\M)/ \uh \mvjeos Mllfuets (\\M)/ Lfrpfrmti Mllfuet Eughirs (LME), (LME), med med fpirmtid hy mey hmec fr sirvjli lietri, wjkk hi mutfgmtjlmkky didultid arfg tbmt mllfuet med trmesairrid tf \tmti med Lietri‚s lfghjeid lfghjei d mllfuet (\MLLM). Tbi TF^ Tmx wjkk hi tbi smgi med uejafrg tbrfuobfut tbi lfuetry fe mkk lmsb trmesairs gmdi tbrfuob fekjei/lbiqui/DD arfg mkk mllfuets tfwmrds purlbmsi, ojat, dfemtjfe, med smkmry/aii/rigueirmtjfe. \f je tbi suooistid TF^ Tmx systig tbi tmx hmsi wjkk hi tbi kmroist tf bmvi tbi gjejgug skmh rmti med tbi kfwist tmx lfgpfeiet fe imlb lfggfdjty/sirvjli. ^ifpki wjkk oit lfggfdjtjis/sirvjlis mt tbi kfwist prjlis tbme je tbi prisiet systig. Aurtbirgfri tbi tftmk rivieuis oieirmtid arfg TF^ Tmx arfg mkk lmsb trmesairs arfg mkk mllfuets wjkk hi gfri tbme dfuhki tbme tbi lfghjeid rivieuis fa mkk \tmtis med Lietri oft arfg prisiet guktjpki tmxis wjtb djaairiet skmh rmtis. _jtb kjgjtid pmpir lurriely med digmtirjmkjsid gfeiy je tbi TF^ tmx systig, iviry trmesmltjfe wjkk hi trmespmriet dipjltjeo tbi mltumk OD^ fa tbi lfuetry. Je kjtirmk siesi, iviry purlbmsi, ojat, dfemtjfe med mkk typis fa pmygiets wjkk bmvi tf hi lmrrjid tbrfuob fekjei lmsb trmesairs arfg fei mllfuet tf meftbir mllfuet hilmusi fa kjgjtid pmpir lurriely. Tbi tftmk rivieuis oft arfg TF^ Tmx wjkk hi mpprfxjgmtiky iqumk tf <x4 %( =8%) fa mltumk vmkui fa tbi OD^ fa tbmt lfuetry je tbi gmeuamlturir, dimkir, ritmjkir med lfesugir lbmje. Ms offds, lfggfdjtjis, sirvjlis, dfemtjfes, pbysjlmk med jetikkiltumk wfcs lbmeoi bmeds je tbi gmeuamlturir, dimkir, ritmjkir med lfesugir lbmje digmtirjmkjsid gfeiy wjkk hi trmesairrid arfg fei mllfuet tf meftbir mllfuet lfrrispfedjeoky. lfrrispfedjeoky. Tbus iviry lmsb trmesair trmesair tfwmrds purlbmsi, purlbmsi, ojat, dfemtjfe, smkmry/rigueirmtjfe fr mey ftbir purpfsi wjkk hi mllfuetid med wjtbje tbi systig ikjgjemtjeo uedirorfued/sbmdfw/ueripfrtid/bjddie trmesmltjfes fpirmtid hy pbysjlmk lurriely oft arfg hkmlc gfeiy med amci lurriely je tbi prisiet ilfefgjl systig. systig. Je tbi prisiet systig tbi pmrmkkik ilfefgy, hijeo rue hy hkmlc gfeiy med amci lurriely, js fhslurjeo tbi rimk OD^ med bmgpirjeo fr kfwirjeo tbi lfkkiltjfe fa rivieuis. Tbi TF^ Tmx systig wjkk ikjgjemti tbi hkmlc gfeiy med amci lurrieljis mt fei of med dipjlt tbi ixmlt OD^ fa tbi lfuetry. Tbi ftbir smkjiet aimturi fa tbi TF^ Tmx systig js tbi hittir ilfefgjl gmemoigiet med mustirjty. Tbi ^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi 1
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
jedjvjdumks, wbf rue husjeiss fr jedustry, wjkk hi rikjivid arfg mghjoufus tmx strulturis, pkitbfrm fa tmx kmws, med gmedmtfry smkis kjsts, stflc kjsts, mllfuetjeo, mudjtjeo med tmx ritures. Je mddjtjfe tf tbi Trmesair Fr ^urlbmsi (TF^) tmx, tmx, m ^rfajt Tmx (^T) fa <>% wfukd hi kivjid med mutfgmtjlmkky didultid feli m yimr fe tbi gjejgug mgfuet rilfrdid je tbi ajemeljmk yimr fa Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) med imlb \uh \mvjeos Mllfuet (\\M), (\\M), ja mey, fa iviry ljtjzie. Tbi ajemeljmk yimr fa tbi G\M fa m pirsfe hiojes mt tbi dmti tbi Ofviregiet mkkfts bjg/bir tbi G\M. Tbi ajemeljmk yimr fa tbi \uh \mvjeos Mllfuet (\\M) wjkk hioje mt tbi dmti m pirsfe lbffsis tf fpie bjs/bir \\M. Tbjs ^rfajt Tmx (^T) js me mllfuet hmsjl med jt js tftmkky jrrikivmet wbf fwes tbmt mllfuet (G\M/\\M). Tbi ^rfajt Tmx, <>% fa gjejgug hmkmeli mgfuet rilfrdid je tbi G\M med imlb \\M (ja mey) fa iviry pirsfe, wjkk hi mutfgmtjlmkky didultid fe tbi kmst dmy fa tbi ajemeljmk yimr fa tbmt G\M med \\M (ja mey) fa imlb pirsfe. Tbi ^rfajt tmx je tbi eixt ajemeljmk yimr fa tbmt pmrtjlukmr G\M/\\M wjkk hi kivjid fe tbi gjejgug hmkmeli rilfrdid fa tbmt yimr gjeus tbi privjfus yimr‚s tmxid mgfuet fa tbmt pmrtjlukmr G\M/\\M joefrjeo tbi gmxjgug mgfuet, bfwivir buoi gmy hi. Tbus tbi didultid ^rfajt tmx, <>% fa gjejgug hmkmeli mgfuet rilfrdid je tbi G\M med imlb \\M (ja mey) fa iviry pirsfe je m pmrtjlukmr \tmti, wjkk hi trmesairrid tf tbmt \tmti med lietri‚s lfghjeid mllfuet (\MLLM). Tbi lfghjeid tmxis fa TF^ Tmx med ^rfajt tmx, lfkkiltid je iviry \tmti med Lietri‚s lfghjeid mllfuet (\MLLM), wjkk bmvi tf hi sbmrid hitwiie tbmt pmrtjlukmr \tmti med Lietri je tbi rmtjf fa tbmt pmrtjlukmr \tmti oittjeo ?>% med Lietri <>%. Bieli tbi tftmkky fptjfemk med mvfjdmhki ^rfajt Tmx wjkk iesuri tbmt tbi gfeiy wjkk hi lfestmetky pugpid hmlc jetf systig ciipjeo tbi ilfefgjl orfwtb mt bimktby rmti. Je tbi prisiet systig tbi buoi hkmlc gfeiy, oieirmtid hy bjddie/sbmdfw mllfuets, lfghjeid wjtb buoi amci lurriely js pkmyjeo bmvfl wjtb fur ilfefgy. Hisjdis tbisi twf tmxis emgiky TF^ Tmx, med ^rfajt tmx wbjlb lme hi mvfjdmhki, tbi Lietrmk Ofviregiet sbmkk jgpfsi tbi lustfgs duty (jgpfrt duty) med Lfrpfrmtjfe tmx ms je tbi ixjstjeo systig. Ixlipt tbisi afur tmxis, tbi TF^ Tmx systig suooists rigfvmk fa mkk ftbir Djrilt tmxis, Jedjrilt tmxis med vmrjfus surlbmrois kivjid je tbi prisiet systig. Tbi afkkfwjeo twf tmhkis lkimrky jkkustrmti bfw tftmkky mvfjdmhki ^rfajt Tmx js didultid arfg \\M med G\M fa m pirsfe fe gjejgug hmkmeli mgfuets rilfrdid je imlb ajemeljmk yimr ixlkudjeo tbi privjfus fr kmst tmxid mgfuet. Ixmgpki=0 Jt sbfws bfw tbi ^rfajt tmx fe gjejgug hmkmeli mgfuets rilfrdid imlb yimr ixlkudjeo tbi privjfus fr kmst tmxid mgfuet wjkk hi didultid arfg imlb \uh \mvjeos mllfuet (\\M) fpirmtid hy m hmec/sirvjli lietri jrrispiltjvi fa tbi amlt tbmt wbf bfkds tbmt mllfuet. Gjejgug Gmxjgug ^rfajt Tmx (^T) fe tbi Gje. Eit ^rfajt Tmx Zimr hmkmeli fa Hmkmeli fa Mgt. Mgt. “ “ Tbi Tbi kmst tmxid mgfuet (^T)Didultid tbi yimr tbi yimr 8>>?-‒‒>2 =>,>>> 8>>?9>,>>,>>> <>% fa =>,>>> <,>>>.>> 8>>2-‒>: 8>>2‒>: 4>,>>> ?>,>>,>>> <>% fa (4>,>>>-=>,>>>) :,>>>.>> 8>>:-‒=> 8>>:‒=> :>,>>> =,2>,>>,>>> <>% fa (:>,>>>-4>,>>>) =9,>>>.>> 8>=>-‒== 8>=>‒== 8>,>>> 8,>>,>>,>>> 8>==-‒=8 8>==‒=8 =,9>,>>> 9,>>,>>> <>% fa (=,9>,>>>-:>,>>>) =2,>>>.>> 8>=8-‒=< 8>=8‒=< =,9>,>>> =>,>>,>>> 8>=<-‒=4 8>=<‒=4 8,>>,>>> 2>,>>,>>> <>% fa (8,>>,>>>-=,9>,>>>) =9,>>>.>> 8>=4-‒=9 8>=4‒=9 =,>>,>>,>>> 8,>>,>>,>>> <>% fa (=,>>,>>,>>>-8,>>,>>>) 8:,4>,>>>.>> 8>=9-‒=1 8>=9‒=1
2>,>>,>>>
^kimsi vjsjt
<,>>,>>,>>>
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www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lfg www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lf g
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^moi ?
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Ixmgpki0 8 8 - Jt sbfws bfw tbi ^rfajt tmx fe gjejgug hmkmeli mgfuets rilfrdid je imlb ajemeljmk yimr ixlkudjeo tbi privjfus fr kmst tmxid mgfuet wjkk hi didultid arfg imlb Gmje \mvjeos mllfuet (G\M) fpirmtid hy m hmec/sirvjli lietri jrrispiltjvi fa tbi amlt tbmt wbf bfkds tbmt mllfuet. Gjejgug Gmxjgug ^rfajt Tmx (^T) fe tbi Gje. Eit ^rfajt Tmx Zimr 8>>?-‒>2 8>>?‒>2 8>>2-‒>: 8>>2‒>: 8>>:-‒=> 8>>:‒=> 8>=>-‒== 8>=>‒== 8>==-‒=8 8>==‒=8 8>=8-‒=< 8>=8‒=< 8>=<-‒=4 8>=<‒=4
hmkmeli fa Hmkmeli fa tbi tbi yimr yimr 8,::,>>> 9>,>>,>>> <,>>,>>> ?>,>>,>>> 4,>>,>>> 4,9>,>>> 8,>>,>>> 2,>>,>>> 4,9>,>>> 9,>>,>>> 4,9>,>>> =>,>>,>>> 1,>>,>>> 2>,>>,>>>
Mgt. “ Mgt. “ Tbi Tbi kmst tmxid mgfuet
(^T)Didultid
<>% fa (<,>>,>>>) <>% fa (4,>>,>>>-<,>>,>>>) <>% fa (4,9>,>>>-4,>>,>>>) <>% fa (1,>>,>>>-4,9>,>>>)
:>,>>>.>> <>,>>>.>> =9,>>>.>> 49,>>>.>>
Efw jt js lkimrky uedirstffd tbmt tbi Trmesair Fr ^urlbmsi (TF^) (TF^) Tmx wjkk hi smgi fe lmsb trmesairs je mkk tbrii mllfuets emgiky Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M), \uh \mvjeos Mllfuet (\\M) med Lfrpfrmtjfe Mllfuet Eughir (LME). ). Tbi ^rfajt Tmx js mksf smgi je Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet med \uh \mvjeos Mllfuet ixlipt tbi gjejgug stfrmoi hmkmeli je Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M). (G\M). Tbi ^rfajt Tmx fe gjejgug hmkmeli je Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet wjkk hi kivjid arfg Xs. < kmcbs fewmrds. Tbi ^rfajt Tmx fe gjejgug hmkmeli je \uh \mvjeos Mllfuet stmrts arfg zirf fewmrds. Je tbi lmsi fa Lfrpfrmtjfe Mllfuet Eughir (LME), tbi ^rfajt Tmx wjkk bmvi tf hi kivjid je tbi afrg fa Lfrpfrmtjfe Tmx ms je tbi ixjstjeo systig. ^kimsi efti tbmt imlb pirsfe wjkk bmvi feky fei pirgmeiet med kjai tjgi Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) hut lme bmvi ms gmey \uh \mvjeos Mllfuet (\\M) (\\M) ms bi/sbi lme wjsb. \jgjkmrky tbi ^rfajt Tmx wjkk hi fe mllfuet hmsjl med tftmkky mvfjdmhki, jestimd fa jedjvjdumk hmsjl med lfgpuksfry ms je tbi prisiet ilfefgjl systig. ^kimsi mksf efti tbmt tbi ^rfajt Tmx fe gjejgug hmkmeli rilfrdid je imlb yimr je Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet wjkk hi kivjid arfg Xs. <, >>,>>> fewmrds. Je tbi prisiet systig tbi Jelfgi Tmx, mllfuetjeo, mudjtjeo med tmx ritures mri lfgpuksfry. \f pirsfes wbf bmvi tmxmhki jelfgis tbrfuob smkmry fr husjeiss fr jedustry fr rigueirmtjfe eiid tf suhgjt Jelfgi Tmx ritures meeumkky. Hut TF^ Tmx systig‚s ^rfajt tmx gimes jt wjkk hi jgpfsid fe pirsfe‚s jelfgis jelfgi s oft tbrfuob smkmry, rigueirmtjfe, husjeiss, jedustry, dfemtjfes med ojats matir kjhirmkky usid fr spiet fe ixpiedjturi/spiedjeo, vmrjfus jevistgiets, ojats med dfemtjfes. ^rfajt tmx fa <>% fe gjejgug hmkmeli rilfrdid je tbi ajemeljmk yimr fa imlb \uh \mvjeos mllfuet (\\M) fr Gmje \mvjeos mllfuet (jrrispiltjvi fa tbi bfkdir fa tbmt mllfuet) fpirmtid hy mey hmec/sirvjli lietri wjkk hi didultid fe tbi kmst dmy fa tbi ajemeljmk yimr fa tbmt pmrtjlukmr \\M fr G\M med wjkk hi trmesairrid tf \tmti med Lietri‚s lfghjeid mllfuet (\MLLM). Tbi ^rfajt tmx je tbi eixt ajemeljmk yimr fa tbmt pmrtjlukmr G\M/\\M wjkk hi kivjid fe tbi gjejgug hmkmeli rilfrdid fa tbmt yimr gjeus tbi privjfus yimr‚s tmxid mgfuet fa tbmt pmrtjlukmr G\M/\\M joefrjeo tbi gmxjgug mgfuet, bfwivir buoi gmy hi. ^kimsi uedirstmed tbmt gjejgug hmkmeli rilfrdid je tbi ajemeljmk yimr fa imlb \uh \mvjeos mllfuet (\\M) (\\M) fr Gmje \mvjeos mllfuet mllfuet gimes tbi gfeiy ueusid fr stmoemtid afr gfri tbme fei yimr. Je tbi eixt ajemeljmk yimr fa tbi G\M fr \\M, tbi ^rfajt Tmx wjkk hi kivjid fe tbi
mddjtjfemk ueusid fr stmoemtid gfeiy fvir tbi privjfus tmxid mgfuet. Tbmt gimes tbiri wjkk hi ef rilurrjeo prfajt tmx fe ueusid fr stfrid gfeiy. Feli tmxid, tbi ueusid gfeiy lme hi
^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi 2
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
spiet med rilbmroid/ristfrid wjtbfut hijeo ri tmxid afr tbi ietjri kjai fa tbmt mllfuet. Je tbi lmsi fa lmpjtmk omjes arfg m smki fa mey prfpirty fr mssit, m pirsfe wjkk bmvi m gjejgug fa <14 dmys med gmxjgug fa = yimr med <14 dmy‚s dmy‚s pirjfd tf mvfjd ^rfajt Tmx arfg smki prfliids (lmpjtmk omjes) tf rijevist. \jgjkmrky 4% Trmesair Fr ^urlbmsi tmx (TF^ Tmx), ), je je kjiu fa prisiet mkk jedjrilt tmxis med vmrjfus surlbmrois, wjkk hi didultid arfg iviry gfeiy trmesair je imlb \uh
\mvjeos Mllfuet fr Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet jrrispiltjvi fa tbi amlt tbmt wbfivir bfkds tbmt mllfuet med fe wbmt purpfsi tbi mgfuet bms hiie trmesairrid (purlbmsi, ojat, dfemtjfe, smkmry/rigueirmtjfe fr mey ftbir purpfsi) fpirmtid hy mey hmec fr sirvjli lietri med trmesairrid tf \tmti med Lietri‚s Lietri‚s lfghjeid mllfuet lfghjeid mllfuet (\MLLM). Tbus mkk jedjvjdumks wbf imre tbrfuob smkmrjis, rigueirmtjfes, ojats, med dfemtjfes wjkk eiid eft pmy jelfgi tmx med suhgjt jelfgi tmx ritures meeumkky. Tbus pifpki wjkk hi rikjivid arfg tbi lfhwih fa prisiet mghjoufus med lfgpkix tmx strulturis, pkitbfrm fa tmx kmws, gmedmtfry med lughirsfgi mllfuetjeo, mudjtjeo med tmx ritures, med lfesiquiet qumogjri fa mkk tmx rikmtid lmsis.
Bfw tf mvfjd ^rfajt tmx0 --------------Iviry pirsfe wjkk bmvi tbi afkkfwjeo fptjfes tf mvfjd ^rfajt Tmx fa <>% hijeo didultid arfg bjs/bir Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet med \uh \mvjeos Mllfuets. Bi/sbi lme huy kmeds up tf 8> mlris fa kmed, uekjgjtid eughir fa akmts, lfggirljmk istmhkjsbgiets med ftbir prfpirtjis ms bi/sbi wjsbis. Tbjs iemhkis rimk istmti siltfr orfws mt amstir rmti med bfusi riets wjkk lfgi dfwe suhstmetjmkky hieiajttjeo amgjkjis wbf bmvi ef fwe bfusis. Bi/sbi lme huy uekjgjtid eughir fa sbmris ms bi/sbi wjsbis .Ivie tbfuob bi/sbi kffsis m 4% fa sbmri vmkui ms TF^ Tmx wbjki trmesairrjeo lmsb arfg bjs/bir mllfuet stjkk bi/sbi oits hieiajtid arfg <>% ^rfajt Tmx hijeo didultid. \f pifpki wjkk kffc fut afr tbi lfgpmejis wbjlb dilkmri djvjdieds iviry yimr. Tbiy mksf study lmriaukky tbi auedmgietmks fa tbi lfgpmey kjci tbi hffc vmkui, I^\, ^/I rmtjf, prfajts, djvjdieds, risirvis, kjmhjkjtjis itl. hiafri huyjeo sbmris. Je tbjs sliemrjf tbi stflc gmrcits wjkk orfw mt stimdy rmti med tbiri wjkk hi ef gmrcit lrmsbis efw med tbie ms wi mri ixpirjieljeo i xpirjieljeo uedir prisiet systig. Bi/sbi lme kied gfeiy tf ftbirs wbf mri je eiid. Ivie tbfuob bi/sbi kffsis 4% fa gfeiy ms TF^ Tmx wbjki trmesairrjeo lmsb lmsb bi/sbi oits hieiajtid hieiajtid hy oittjeo 4% jetirist fe tbi kfme mgfuet ivir yimr. Je tbi prfliss tbi kfmeirs kfmeirs (kfme tmcirs) wjkk oit kfmes kfmes mt lbimpir rmti wbie lfgpmrid tf prisiet systig. Bi/sbi lme situp jedustrjis, stmrt husjeissis tf mvfjd ^rfajt tmx. \f je tbjs prfliss buoi igpkfygiet fppfrtuejtjis fppfrtuejtjis wjkk hi oieirmtid. oieirmtid. \f je tbi iesujeo iesujeo lfgpitjtjfe, lfggfdjtjis‚ prjlis wjkk hilfgi gulb lbimpir. Bi/sbi lme trmesair lmsb arfg bjs/bir G\M/\\Ms tf meftbir fei fa bjs/bir \uh \mvjeos Mllfuets fr tf bjs wjai‚s/bir bushmed‚s \\Ms tf mvfjd ^rfajt tmx. Bi/sbi lme dfemti buoi mgfuets tf fromejsmtjfes/lbmrjtmhki trusts ja bi/sbi wjsbis. Je tbjs prfliss bi/sbi wjkk kfsi 4% fa tbmt trmesairrid lmsb je tbi afrg fa Tfp Tmx. Bi/sbi lme jevist je vmrjfus Kjai Jesurmeli slbigis. Mt tbi ied fa tbi gmturjty pirjfd tbiy wjkk oit feky tbi mltumk tftmk prigjug mgfuet pmjd wjtbfut mey jetirist. Hut je lmsi fa prigmturi dimtb fr bfspjtmkjsmtjfe dui tf jkkeiss aukk jesurid mgfuet wjkk hi pmjd ms je tbi prisiet systig. Qjvjd ixpkmemtjfe0 - Tbi TF^ Tmx systig‚s tmx lfkkiltjfes (TF^ Tmx med ^rfajt tmx) afr Ofviregiet med tmx pmygiets/tmx lfgpkjmeli hy mkk ljtjzies wjkk hi tftmkky mutfgmtjl med jevfkuetmry `ust kjci rispjrmtfry systig je bugme hfdy. Iviry mllfuet (G\M/\\M/LME) js me jevfkuetmry tmxpmyjeo tmxpmyjeo mllfuet. Ljtjzies eiid eiid eft gmjetmje sipmrmti sipmrmti mllfuet hffcs med ^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi :
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
suhgjt tmx ritures meeumkky afr pmyjeo ijtbir Djrilt tmxis fe pirsfemk jelfgis fr Jedjrilt tmxis wbjki rueejeo husjeiss fr jedustry. Tbi sjeoki tmx eit (Trmesair Fr ^urlbmsi tmx) sprimds mkk mllfuets med ietjri emtjfe wjtbfut hftbirjeo mhfut wbf bfkds tbmt mllfuet. Tbjs wjkk put tbi tmx lfgpfeiet fa offds/sirvjlis mt `ust fei tbjrd fa tmx lfgpfeiet fa tbi ixjstjeo systig. Hisjdis tbmt tbiri wjkk hi ef tmx lfkkiltjfe ixpiedjturi afr tbi Ofviregiet med mhsfkutiky ef tmx lfgpkjmeli lfst afr pmyjeo ijtbir Djrilt tmxis fe pirsfemk jelfgis fr Jedjrilt tmxis wbjki rueejeo husjeiss fr jedustry. Tbi Trmesair Fr ^urlbmsi tmx (4%) wjkk hi didultid mutfgmtjlmkky hy lfgputir systigs fa hmecs fe mkk gfeiy trmesairs arfg fei mllfuet tf meftbir mllfuet gmdi tbrfuob lbiqui, dihjt lmrd, DD fr fekjei trmesairs jrrispiltjvi fa tbi amlt tbmt wbf bfkds tbmt mllfuet med afr wbmt purpfsi tbmt gfeiy trmesairs bmvi hiie gmdi. Tbus tmx lfkkiltjfe med tmx lfgpkjmeli wjkk jevmrjmhky hilfgi fei med smgi. Tbjs mutfgmtjl tmx pmygiet med tmx lfkkiltjfe systig iesuris tbmt tbiri wjkk hi ef rivieui kimcmois, uemllfuetid jelfgis med wimktb. Tbiri wjkk hi ef eiid afr Ofviregiets tf rue sipmrmti tmx lfkkiltjfe dipmrtgiets med tmx ieafrligiet moieljis med dipmrtgiets tf sii med virjay mllfuets fa mkk tmxmhki ljtjzies. \jgjkmrky pifpki eiid eft igpkfy mllfuetmets fr tmx lfesuktmets tf pmy ijtbir Djrilt tmxis fr Jedjrilt tmxis fr tf suhgjt tmx ritures. Tbi pkitbfrm fa tmx kmws, tbmt mri iemltid med hijeo usid je tbi prisiet systig tf ieafrli tmx pmygiets, wjkk eft hi eilissmry mt mkk je tbi TF^ Tmx systig. Tbi gjkkjfes fa tmx rikmtid kiomk lmsis, wbjlb mri igmemtid arfg efe lfgpkjmeli fa tmxis med uemllfuetid jelfgis, med lbfcjeo tbi `udjljmk systigs fa mkk emtjfes, wjkk eft hi siie je tbi TF^ Tmx systig. Tbjs js bfw tbi TF^ Tmx systig wfrcs med bikps hftb Ofviregiet je Djrilt med Jedjrilt tmx lfkkiltjfes wjtbfut tmx kmws med ieafrligiet, med ljtjzies je pmyjeo tmxis jevfkuetmrjky wjtbfut tmx lfgpkjmeli (mllfuetjeo, mudjtjeo, tmx ritures itl.,) lfsts. Tbi lfkkiltid tmx rivieuis fa TF^ Tmx med ^rfajt Tmx hy hmecs wjkk of tf Ofviregiet mllfuets (\MLLM). Tbisi rivieuis wjkk hi trmesairrid tf vmrjfus dipmrtgiets/gjejstrjis mllfrdjeo tf tbi pirlietmois ms mkkflmtid tf tbisi dipmrtgiets/gjejstrjis mt tbi hudoit prisietmtjfe. Tbjs pirlietmoi fa mkkflmtjfes tf vmrjfus dipmrtgiets/gjejstrjis lme hi lbmeoid arfg tjgi tf tjgi dipiedjeo upfe tbi eilissjty, eiid, uroiely med igiroiely fa tbi sjtumtjfe tbmt mrjsi ueixpiltidky. Ms stmtid imrkjir tbi rivieui oieirmtjfe wjkk hi sgfftb, imsy med lfetjeufus prfliss mt gjejgug hurdie fe pifpki gmcjeo jt pfssjhki afr tbi sjgpkjajid hudoit prisietmtjfe. Tbi lfkkiltjfe fa rivieuis arfg pifpki tf Ofviregiet med trmesair fa tbisi rivieuis arfg Ofviregiet tf pifpki tbrfuob vmrjfus gjejstrjis/dipmrtgiets/moieljis js sgfftb, bmsski arii med lfetjeufus prfliss wjtbfut kimcmois, tmx lfkkiltjfe, tmx ieafrligiet med tmx lfgpkjmeli lfsts. Je tbi prisiet ilfefgjl systig Djrilt med Jedjrilt tmxis mri hijeo pmjd hy ljtjzies hmsid fe tbi mllfuets pripmrid hy tbig med tbiri js lfggfe ajemeljmk yimr afr mkk ljtjzies tf suhgjt tbijr mllfuets med Jelfgi tmx ritures. Hut je tbi TF^ Tmx systig, TF^ Tmx med ^rfajt tmx wjkk hi fe mllfuet hmsjl. Tbi ajemeljmk yimr fa imlb mllfuet \\M/LME hiojes mt tbi dmti jt js fpieid med tbi ajemeljmk yimr fa G\M wjkk hioje mt tbi dmti tbi Ofviregiet mkkfts G\M tf imlb ljtjzie mt tbi moi fa =9. Jt dfise‚t gmttir gulb wbmt tbi ajemeljmk yimr fa imlb mllfuet js. Tbi eughir fa mllfuets tbmt hioje fr ied imlb dmy js mpprfxjgmtiky iqumk tf tbi tftmk eughir fa mllfuets fpirmtid hy mkk hmecs je tbmt lfuetry djvjdid hy <19. Tbi lfggfe ajemeljmk yimr afr tbi wbfki w bfki emtjfe wjkk hilfgi jrrikivmet, uejgpfrtmet med riduedmet je tbi TF^ Tmx systig. Imlb jedjvjdumk lme bmvi m lbfsie ajemeljmk yimr afr bjs iviry \\M mllfuet. mllfuet . Je tbi prisiet ilfefgjl systig, gfst fa tbi gfeiy je ljrlukmtjfe js je pbysjlmk afrg (hjkks/eftis). Tbiri mri ripfrtid tf hi pkiety fa lmsis fa kfftjeos, rfhhirjis, bfgjljdis, ^kimsi vjsjt
www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lfg www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lf g
^moi =>
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
ixtfrtjfes, rmesfgs, med hrjhis mlrfss tbi wfrkd je mkgfst mkk emtjfes hilmusi fa tbjs buoi gfeiy je pbysjlmk afrg. Tbjs pbysjlmk gfeiy, je buoi mgfuets, js hijeo trmesairrid arfg fei bmed tf ftbir ikudjeo mkk tmx eits je trmesmltjfes fa lfggfdjtjis fr offds. Tbi uemllfuetid OD^ js smjd tf hi tff bimvy med vmrjis arfg lfuetry tf lfuetry dipiedjeo upfe tbi lfrruptjfe kivik kivik tbmt ixjsts ixjsts je tbmt lfuetry. Je mddjtjfe tf tbjs hkmlc gfeiy tbiri gfeiy tbiri mri mksf buoi mgfuets fa amci lurriely tbmt lurriely tbmt bms lfetmgjemtid tbi oieujei lurriely. Tbi lfghjeid iaailt fa tbi hkmlc gfeiy med amci lurriely js pkmyjeo bmvfl wjtb ilfefgjis fa gmey lfuetrjis. Efw gfeiy js hijeo trimtid ms me jelfgi oieirmtjeo mssit med wimktb jestimd fa usjeo jt ms m gidjug je ixlbmeoi fa lfggfdjtjis, offds, sirvjlis, med sbmris, pbysjlmk med jetikkiltumk wfrcs. Tbi buoi mllugukmtjfe fa gfeiy je aiw pflcits je tbi afrg fa hkmlc gfeiy js gfeiy js gmcjeo tbi lylkjl ljrlukmtjfe fa gfeiy je tbi ilfefgjl systig tf hi irrmtjl (sfgi tjgis gfri lylkis pir yimr med sfgi tjgis kiss lylkis pir yimr wjtb stmoemtjfe/efe usmoi fa gfeiy lmusjeo ilfefgjl rilissjfe mt tjgis. Tbi guktjpkjir iaailt fe tbi gfeiy je hmecjeo ajemeli systig js dilrimsjeo tbi rimk amli vmkui fa tbi pbysjlmk lurriely. Mktbfuob tbi jedjvjdumk‚s imrejeos mri jelrimsjeo iviry yimr, tbi purlbmsi vmkui fa tbi lurriely js tb dilrimsjeo med rimlbid mkgfst =/=> fa jts amli vmkui. TF^ Tmx systig systig trjis tf ajx tbjs tbjs prfhkig hy qumkjtmtjvi med qumetjtmtjvi suppky fa gfeiy je ilfefgjl systig sf tbmt tbi purlbmsi vmkui fa pbysjlmk lurriely mt jts amli vmkui rigmjes bjob med smgi afr kfeoir pirjfd fa tjgi. Tbi prjlis fa lfggfdjtjis fr sirvjlis wjkk rigmje smgi fr ivie dilrimsi iebmeljeo tbi purlbmsjeo lmpmljty fa pifpki iviry yimr wjtb jelrimsi je imrejeos (pir lmpjtm jelfgi) imlb yimr. (^kimsi sii pmoi gfeiy, gfeiy suppky, kfmes, rimk gfeiy med lridjt gfeiy arfg pmoi =2 tf pmoi 8>) Je tbi suooistid TF^ Tmx systig, gfst fa tbi gfeiy (::.1%) mvmjkmhki je tbi ilfefgjl systig, wjkk hi je digmtirjmkjsid afrg je tbi mllfuets fa ljtjzies, Ofviregiets med lfgpmejis. Feky sgmkk pfrtjfe fa gfeiy (>.4%) wjkk hi je pbysjlmk afrg (lmsb) j.i. lfjes fr eftis mt kfw diefgjemtjfe. (Afr ixmgpki - Jedjm) Tbi pmrmkkik ilfefgy hijeo rue hy hkmlc gfeiy mkgfst iqumkkjeo tbi mllfuetid OD^ fa tbi lfuetry med me istjgmtid Xs. =, 1>, >>>lrfri amci lurriely wjkk hi tftmkky irmdjlmtid wjtb tbi digfeitjsmtjfe fa bjobir vmkui lurriely eftis (Xs =>>>, 9>>, =>>, 9> eftis) je tbi suooistid TF^ Tmx systig pmvjeo wmy afr lfrruptjfe arii sfljity. \f tbiri wjkk hi ef oieirmtjfe fa hkmlc gfeiy med amci lurriely, med mllugukmtjfe med stmlcjeo fa gfeiy je pbysjlmk afrg (lmsb) wjkk eft hi pfssjhki. Gfeiy wjkk hi lfestmetky pugpid hmlc jetf tbi systig sf ms tf mvfjd ^rfajt Tmx. Tbi ljrlukmtjfe fa gfeiy je tbi ilfefgjl systig wjkk hi mt lfestmet rmti wjtb gfri lylkis wbjki lbilcjeo jeakmtjfe ivie mt bjobir orfwtb rmti. Tbi gfri lylkis fr ixlbmeoi fa gfeiy gfri tjgis gimes gfeiy js sprimd ivieky rimlbjeo mkk pifpki. TF^ Tmx systig wfukd mksf mrrist jkkiomk mltjvjtjis sulb ms druo trmaajlcjeo, med mrgs trmaajlcjeo. Feli kmuelbid jetf tbjs TF^ Tmx systig prjlis wfukd lfetjeui tf dilkjei tf rimlb m gjejgug kivik fa µtb med aurtbir up tf bmka kivik fa tbi prisiet prjlis dui tf tbi afkkfwjeo amltfrs emgiky, kfw tmx lfgpfeiet (hikfw ==%), kfw jetirist rmtis (<% pir meeug), ef tmx lfgpkjmeli lfsts med aukky fpie gmrcit wjtb gfri pkmyirs je tbi husjeiss. Gfeiy wjkk hi puriky utjkjsid feky afr ixlbmeoi fa offds, lfggfdjtjis, mssits, sirvjlis, sbmris, pbysjlmk med jetikkiltumk wfrcs. _bie tbi TF^ Tmx systig rimlbis jts ajemk distjemtjfe, tbi prjlis fa lfggfdjtjis/offds fr sirvjlis jelkudi feky tbi vmkui/lfst fa gmepfwir (pbysjlmk/jetikkiltumk) (pbysjlmk/jetikkiltumk) wbiri mhuedmet rmw gmtirjmks mri mvmjkmhki. Je tbi prisiet systig tbi prjlis fa lfggfdjtjis/offds fr sirvjlis jelkudi vmrjfus lfgpfeiets kjci rmw ^kimsi vjsjt
www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lfg www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lf g
^moi ==
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
gmtirjmks lfst, tmx, prfajt, jetirist, lfrruptjfe, tmx lfgpkjmeli lfst, gme pfwir (pbysjlmk/jetikkiltumk), trmespfrt, pfwir (auik/ikiltrjljty) med sbika kjai. Tbi ajemk risukt fa TF^ Tmx systig wjkk hi tbi mlbjivigiet fa pirailt iqujkjhrjug hitwiie digmed med suppky3 divikfpgiet med iqumkjty3 orfwtb med jeakmtjfe3 rimk gfeiy med lridjt gfeiy (kfmeid gfeiy)3 rivieuis med ixpiedjturi. Tbi kfpsjdid divikfpgiet mgfeo mgfeo pifpki med riojfes tbmt tbmt js hijeo wjteissid je tbi prisiet ilfefgjl systig wjkk limsi tf ixjst. Tbi emturmk risfurli med wimktb fa m lfuetry lme hi iqumkky djstrjhutid mgfeo tbi pifpki. Yedir prisiet ilfefgjl systig tbiri mri feky m aiw pkmyirs, gfri riairiis (kjliesi, pirgjt, lbilc pfsts, wmy hjkks, mudjtjeo, mssissgiet med jespiltjfe) med gfri spiltmtfrs. Tbi prfpfsid Tfp tmx systig wjkk kimvi spmli afr gfri pkmyirs, m aiw riairiis (pfkkutjfe lfetrfk hfmrd feky) med m aiw spiltmtfrs. Tbi gmrcits wjkk hilfgi sf wjdi fpie wjtb ef pirgjts fr kjlielis riqujrid (ixlipt pfkkutjfe lfetrfk hfmrd‚s pirgjssjfe) tf rue mey husjeiss fr jedustry ixlipt tbfsi wbiri mhsfkuti eilissjty js riqujrid afr pirgjssjfes arfg Ofviregiets afr gjejeo gjejeo fris, gjeirmks, siids, siids, pistjljdis, ixpkfsjvis ixpkfsjvis itl,. Tbus iviryfei lme ietir jetf tbi gmrcit med stmrt bjs/bir fwe husjeiss fr jedustry wjtbfut mey sbmlckis tbirihy riduljeo ueigpkfygiet suhstmetjmkky. suhstmetjmkky. Mt tbi smgi tjgi, wjtb sf gmey pkmyirs je tbi gmrcit med bjob lfgpitjtjfe, tbi prjlis fa offds/sirvjlis wjkk hilfgi lbimpir, hieiajttjeo lfesugirs. Tbjs jevmrjmhky jelrimsis lfesugptjfe kimdjeo tf gfri prfdultjfe med orfwtb rmti. Tbi hmsjl lfelipt fa tbi TF^ Tmx systig js tbmt feky sjeoki tmx, je tbi pkmli fa prisiet guktjpki tmxis, wjkk hi pmjd hy tbi pifpki fe lfggfdjtjis/sirvjlis gmeuamlturid wjtbje tbi lfuetry, mpmrt arfg tbi lustfgs duty wbjlb js jgpfsid feky tf smvi dfgistjl jedustry fr husjeiss. Tbi lustfgs duty lme hi rigfvid fe lirtmje offds kjci ligiet med stiik ms med wbie eilissmry tf lbilc tbi `mlcid up prjlis lmusid hy lmrtik mgfeo tbisi lfgpmejis med mksf fe morjlukturi prfduli wbie suaajljiet affd ormje prfdultjfe js eft mvmjkmhki afr lfesugptjfe fr prflurigiet tfwmrds issietjmk huaair stflc, hilmusi fa drfuobt fr ftbir emturmk lmkmgjtjis. \f tbi meeumk hudoit prisietmtjfe, ja eilissmry, wjkk hi gmjeky utjkjsid tf djstrjhuti med mkkflmti rivieuis tf vmrjfus siltfrs, dipmrtgiets med wikamri slbigis jestimd fa aflussjeo fe tmxmtjfe, tmx lfkkiltjfe med ieafrligiet fe tmx lfgpkjmeli. Je tbi prisiet ilfefgjl systig tbi hudoit pripmrmtjfe js gmssjvi, guktj stmoid, tjgi lfesugjeo med kmhfrjfus prfliss. Tbiri mri tbfusmeds fa djaairiet bjob fr viry kfw vmkuid offds fr sirvjlis tf hi sioriomtid jetf djaairiet orfups med tmxid hy hftb Lietri med \tmtis wjtb djaairiet tmxis mt tbrii fr gfri skmh rmtis med, ms ja tbisi mri eft iefuob, tbiri mri mddjtjfemk surlbmrois fr lissis fe sikiltid offds. Tbisi tmx strulturis med skmh rmtis fe djaairiet offds ciip ciip lbmeojeo iviry yimr. _jtb tbisi lfgpkjlmtid tmx strulturis med ivir lbmeojeo skmh rmtis iviry yimr, tbi tmx lfgpkjmeli hy jedjvjdumk gmeuamlturirs, dimkirs med ritmjkirs bms hiie djaajlukt, lughirsfgi med hftbirsfgi. Tmxis mri hijeo lfkkiltid hy djaairiet tmx lfkkiltjfe dipmrtgiets hmsid fe tbi mllfuets gmjetmjeid hy jedjvjdumks wbf rue jedustry fr husjeiss. Tbiri js pkiety fa rffg afr uedirstmtigiet fa prfdultjfe med smkis, tmx ivmsjfe med lfesiquiet hy-prfdult fa hkmlc gfeiy. Hut je tbi suooistid TF^ Tmx systig tbiri wjkk hi sjeoki tmx lmkkid TF^ (Trmesair Fr ^urlbmsi) tmx wjtb ajxid/stmtjfemry skmh rmti (4%) fe mkk gfeiy trmesairs arfg fei mllfuet tf meftbir mllfuet tbrfuob lbiqui, dihjt lmrd med fekjei trmesair/eit hmecjeo je tbi purlbmsi
lbmje fa lfesugirs, ritmjkirs ritmjkirs med gmeuamlturirs. gmeuamlturirs. Tbi Trmesair Fr ^urlbmsi TF^ Tmx (4%) wjkk hi didultid mutfgmtjlmkky hy lfgputir systigs fa hmecs fe mkk gfeiy trmesairs arfg fei
^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi =8
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
mllfuet tf meftbir mllfuet jrrispiltjvi fa tbi amlt tbmt afr wbmt purpfsi (purlbmsi/dfemtjfe/smkmrjis/kfmes) (purlbmsi/dfemtjfe/s mkmrjis/kfmes) med hy wbfg tbisi gfeiy trmesairs bmvi hiie gmdi. Tbi tmx wjkk hi feky fe gfeiy trmesairs afrg fei mllfuet tf meftbir rmtbir tbme fe tbi vmkui fa offd/lfggfdjtjis med sirvjlis wjtb ivir lbmeojeo skmh rmtis iviry yimr mt hudoit tjgi je tbi prisiet tmxmtjfe systig. \f tbi rivieui lfkkiltjfes afr hftb Lietri med \tmtid Ofviregiets wjkk hi jestmet, mutfgmtjl, prfgpt med lfetjeufus prfliss tbrfuobfut tbi yimr wjtb ef rffg afr tmx ivmsjfe. Tbiri wjkk hi mhsfkutiky ef tmx lfkkiltjfe ixpiedjturi afr tbi Ofviregiet med tmx lfgpkjmeli lfst afr ljtjzies. Tbi purpfsi fa hudoit pripmrmtjfe wjkk hi feky tbi mkkflmtjfe fa rivieuis, oft arfg TF^ Tmx med ^rfajt Tmx, tf vmrjfus siltfrs, dipmrtgiets fr gjejstrjis. gjejstrjis. Tmxmtjfe, tmx tmx lfkkiltjfe, lfkkiltjfe, tmx ieafrligiet, ieafrligiet, tmx tmx lfgpkjmeli, lfgpkjmeli, mkkflmtjfe fa rivieuis tf vmrjfus gjejstrjis fr dipmrtgiets med gfeiy suppky jetf tbi ilfefgy mri uejajid je tbjs uejqui uejqui TF^ Tmx systig. \f tbi hudoit prisietmtjfe wjkk wjkk hilfgi sjgpki, sgfftb med tjgi smvjeo. Fr ivie tbiri wjkk hi ef eiid afr hudoit prisietmtjfe imlb yimr. Tbi yimrky hudoit prisietmtjfe lme hi sfkiky utjkjsid afr pirlietmoi wjsi mkkflmtjfe med lbmeeikkjeo fa tbfsi mutfgmtjlmkky lfkkiltid TF^ Tmx Tmx med ^rfajt Tmx Tmx rivieuis hy hmecs tf vmrjfus siltfrs kjci bfusjeo, bimktb lmri, idulmtjfe, drjecjeo wmtir, trmespfrt, jrrjomtjfe, morjlukturi, ievjrfegiet, smejtmtjfe, jearmstrulturi jearmstrulturi prf`ilts, rurmk divikfpgiet, diaieli med jetiremk pfkjljeo. Tbi pirlietmoi fa aueds mkkflmtid tf vmrjfus gjejstrjis, dipmrtgiets fr siltfrs lme hi lbmeoid iviry yimr dipiedjeo upfe tbi eiid, eilissjty e ilissjty med uroiely mlqujrid hy tbig. Tbi Ofviregiet strulturi med gmlbjeiry lme hi ristrulturid, dfwesjzid med ajei tueid eft feky tf riduli wmstiauk ixpiedjturi hut mksf tf lmtir tf tbi hmsjl eiids fa pifpki lfelirejeo bfusjeo, bimktb lmri, idulmtjfe, smejtmtjfe med drjecjeo wmtir. Tf smy hrjiaky, tbi Ofviregiet‚s ietjri lfelietrmtjfe med tfp gfst prjfrjty wjkk sbjat arfg tmxmtjfe, tmx lfkkiltjfe med ieafrligiet tf jgpkigietmtjfe fa wikamri slbigis med divikfpgiet fa jearmstrulturi prf`ilts. Je tbjs eiw ilfefgjl systig tbi tftmk rivieuis fa mey lfuetry wjkk hi mpprfxjgmtiky iqumk tf 4% (TF^ Tmx) R < 7 =8% fa tbi tftmk OD^ Qmkui fa tbmt lfuetry wbjki mssugjeo tbmt imlb lfggfdjty fr sirvjli wjkk lbmeoi bmeds mt me mvirmoi fa tbrii tjgis je tbi lfesugir, ritmjkir, dimkir med gmeuamlturir lbmje. Tbmt gimes mt imlb lbmeoi fa bmeds fa mey lfggfdjty fr sirvjli tbi gfeiy wjkk hi trmesairrid arfg fei mllfuet tf meftbir mllfuet wbjki kimvjeo ef rffg afr tmx ivmsjfe. Tbiri wjkk hi mddjtjfemk 9 tf => % TF^ Tmx rivieuis fe tbi rismki fa tbi sbmris, gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis, med dfemtjfes je tbmt lfuetry. Aurtbirgfri tbiri wjkk hi rivieuis arfg mvfjdmhki ^rfajt tmx. Je mkk prfhmhjkjty tbisi rivieuis wjkk hi gfri tbme =9>% fa tbi rivieuis tbmt mri mllrujeo arfg guktjpki tmxis je tbi prisiet ilfefgjl systig. ^kimsi rigighir tbmt mkk tbisi rivieuis wjkk hi lfkkiltid wjtbfut mey tmx lfkkiltjfe ixpiedjturi fe tmx lfkkiltjfe dipmrtgiets, tmx trjhuemks med tmx ieafrligiet moieljis Je tbi suooistid TF^ Tmx systig tbi hmecs/sirvjli lietris wjkk hilfgi vjrtumkky tbi jetirgidjmrjis jetirgidjmrj is hitwiie pifpki med tbi Ofviregiet afr mkk tmx lfkkiltjfes med ridjstrjhutjfe fa aueds/rivieuis arfg tbi Ofviregiet Ofviregiet tf pifpki, wbf sbfukd hi tbi tbi emturmk, ikjojhki med kiojtjgmti riljpjiets wbjki ikjgjemtjeo wbmkis, pmrmsjtis med kjgpits. _bieivir m pirsfe gjormtis fr gfvis tf m eiw pkmli bjs fkd mddriss je Gmje \mvjeo Mllfuet (G\M) sbfukd hi lbmeoid wjtb tbi eiw mddriss tf oit gfetbky rmtjfe, suhsjdjis, lfgpiesmtjfe/ix‚ormtjm/rikjia aueds je tbi iviet fa emturmk lmkmgjtjis kjci imrtbqumci, lylkfeis, akffds, amgjei, drfuobt, itl., je tbmt pmrtjlukmr pkmli med mksf tf oit vftjeo rjobt je tbmt pmrtjlukmr lfestjtuiely. Je tbi suooistid TF^ Tmx systig tbi Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet ^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi =<
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
(G\M) fa imlb pirsfe sbmkk hi utjkjsid ms tbi di-gmt mllfuet fa tbmt pirsfe afr bfkdjeo hftb gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis kjci sbmris, kmeds, pkfts, akmts, ofkd, sjkvir, `iwikkiry, fremgiets, viry bjob vmkuid mrtjlkis, gftfr lylkis, lmrs, ftbir vibjlkis vibjlkis med mkk ftbir prfpirtjis/mssits. _bjki purlbmsjeo fr sikkjeo, tbi trmesair fa fweirsbjp rjobts fa tbisi mssits/prfpirtjis arfg fei pirsfe tf meftbir pirsfe sbmkk hi gmdi arfg fei pirsfe‚s G\M tf meftbir pirsfe‚s G\M G\M tbrfuob hmecs/sirvjli lietris je m djojtmk/ikiltrfejl afrg.
Ysmoi fa G\Ms, \\Ms med LMEs0-
Je tbi prisiet ilfefgjl systig m pirsfe‚s fr m lfgpmey‚s gfeiy, gfvmhki fr jggfvmhki prfpirtjis(kjci vibjlkis, pkfts, akmts, bfusis, amltfrjis, lfggirljmk istmhkjsbgiets, kmeds itl.,) sbmris, amgjky trii, jesurmeli pfkjljis med mkk ftbir mssits mri rilfrdid, gmemoid med bmedkid hy djaairiet dipmrtgiets, moieljis fr jestjtutjfes. Hut je tbi suooistid TF^ Tmx systig gfeiy, gfvmhki fr jggfvmhki prfpirtjis (kjci vibjlkis, pkfts, akmts, bfusis, lfggirljmk istmhkjsbgiets, kmeds itl.,) sbmris, amgjky trii, jesurmeli pfkjljis med mkk ftbir mssits mri rilfrdid, gmemoid med bmedkid je m sjeoki mllfuet lmkkid Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) wjtb ajvi afkdirs je lmsi fa jedjvjdumks med je Lfrpfrmti Mllfuet Eughirs (LME) wjtb sivie afkdirs je lmsi fa lfgpmejis wbjlb jssuid sbmris afr puhkjl. Tbisi mllfuets G\M‚s, \\M‚s med LME‚s wjkk hi gmjetmjeid med fpirmtid hy hmecs ripkmljeo djaairiet dipmrtgiets, tmx lfkkiltjfe med tmx ieafrligiet hfmrds, moieljis fr jestjtutjfes fa tbi prisiet ilfefgjl systig. Tbus pifpki‚s gfeiy, sbmris, mkk gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis wjkk hi je feky fei mllfuet (G\M) wjtb djaairiet afkdirs fpirmtid hy hmecs. \f gfeiy, sbmris med mkk ftbir gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis lme hi stfrid, gmjetmjeid med usid arfg tbjs sjeoki mllfuet lmkkid Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) wjtb ajvi afkdirs je lmsi fa jedjvjdumks med Lfrpfrmti Mllfuet Eughirs (LME) wjtb sivie afkdirs je lmsi fa lfgpmejis wbjlb jssuid sbmris afr puhkjl. Trmesair fa gfeiy, sbmris, gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis, offds, sirvjlis, pbysjlmk med jetikkiltumk wfrcs mri sjguktmeifusky trmesairrid arfg fei mllfuet tf meftbir mllfuet wbjki purlbmsjeo fr huyjeo.
=. Ysmoi fa Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) - Tbiri wjkk hi feky fei lfgpuksfry med gmedmtfry G\M afr imlb pirsfe ojvie hy tbi Ofviregiet. Tbjs G\M wjkk bmvi ajvi afkdirs afr imlb spiljajl purpfsi fa me jedjvjdumk. Tbi ajrst afkdir ( kjqujd gfeiy afkdir) wjkk hi usid afr stfrmoi med usmoi fa gfeiy (je TF^ Tmx systig jt js lmkkid ms kjqujd gfeiy) oieirmtid tbrfuob smvjeos/imrejeos/jelfgis/dfemtjfes. Tbjs afkdir fa G\M lme mksf hi usid tf rue fr fpirmti mey husjeiss fr jedustry fweid wbfkky hy me jedjvjdumk. Tbi silfed afkdir (jggfvmhki prfpirty afkdir) sbmkk hi usid afr riojstrmtjfe, stfrmoi med usmoi fa fweirsbjp rjobts fa mkk jggfvmhki prfpirtjis kjci kmeds, akmts, pkfts, lfggirljmk istmhkjsbgiets, med itlitirm. Tbi fweirsbjp rjobts fa tbisi mssits wjkk hi trmesairrid arfg fei pirsfe‚s G\M tf meftbir pirsfe‚s G\M wbjki purlbmsjeo/sikkjeo/dfemtjeo fa tbisi jggfvmhki prfpirtjis. Tbi tbjrd afkdir (gfvmhki prfpirty afkdir) sbmkk hi utjkjsid afr fweirsbjp rjobts fa mkk gfvmhki prfpirtjis kjci vibjlkis, ofkd, `iwikkiry, med itlitirm. Tbi fweirsbjp rjobts fa tbisi prfpirtjis wjkk hi trmesairrid arfg fei pirsfe‚s G\M tf meftbir pirsfe‚s G\M wbjki purlbmsi/smki/dfemtjfe fa tbisi gfvmhki prfpirtjis. Je tbi TF^ Tmx systig tbi gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis mri lmkkid ms sfkjd gfeiy. Tbisi prfpirtjis (sfkjd gfeiy) wjkk bmvi hftb fweirsbjp rjobts med je pbysjlmk ie`fygiet.
^kimsi vjsjt
www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lfg www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lf g
^moi =4
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Qjvjd ixpkmemtjfe0 - Je tbjs suooistid TF^ Tmx systig tbi jggfvmhki prfpirty afkdir med tbi gfvmhki prfpirty afkdirs fa Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) fa imlb pirsfe sbmkk hi utjkjsid ms tbi di-gmt mllfuet fa tbmt pirsfe afr fweirsbjp rjobts fa hftb gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis kjci sbmris, kmeds, pkfts, akmts, ofkd, sjkvir, `iwikkiry, fremgiets, viry bjob vmkuid mrtjlkis, gftfr lylkis, lmrs, ftbir vibjlkis med mkk ftbir prfpirtjis/mssits. _bjki purlbmsjeo fr sikkjeo, tbi trmesair fa fweirsbjp fa tbisi mssits/prfpirtjis arfg fei pirsfe tf meftbir pirsfe sbmkk hi gmdi arfg fei pirsfe‚s G\M tf meftbir pirsfe‚s G\M tbrfuob hmecs/sirvjli lietris je me ikiltrfejl/djojtmk afrg. \f tbi trmesair fa mssits kjci kmeds, pkfts, akmts, ofkd, `iwikkiry, fremgiets med vibjlkis wjkk tmci pkmli je pbysjlmk afrg upfe tbi trmesair fa fweirsbjp rjobt fa tbmt mssit je djojtmk afrg arfg fei G\M (sikkir) tf meftbir G\M (huyir). Kmrliey, hurokmrjis, kfftjeos med ixtfrtjfes wjkk lfgi tf me ied, hilmusi wjtbfut tbi fweirsbjp rjobts fa ofkd, sjkvir, `iwikkiry med ftbir bjob vmkuid jtigs je tbi G\Ms, tbiy lmeeft hi sfkd fr hfuobt. Je kjtirmk siesi hmecs wjkk vjrtumkky mlt ms lustfdjmes afr pifpki‚s gfeiy, gfeiy , sbmris, mssits med mkk gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis. Tbi hmec hrmelbis/ hmecjeo sirvjli lietris wjkk hi jetirgidjmrjis hitwiie pifpki med Dipfsjtmry, wbf sbfukd hi uedir aukk lfetrfk, ofvireid, gfejtfrid med lbilcid hy Lietrmk Hmec fa tbmt pmrtjlukmr lfuetry. Je ftbir wfrds hmec hrmelbis/hmecjeo sirvjli lietris lme hi lmkkid ms sjeoki wjedfw sbfps wbiri mkk hmsjl sirvjlis fa tbi pifpki wjkk hi git. TF^ Tmx systig suooists tbmt tftmk kmed rilfrd fa tbi lfuetry sbfukd hi digmtirjmkjsid mllfrdjeo tf ixtiet, kflmtjfe, gmppjeo med fweirsbjp. Tbi kmed hikfeos tf pifpki wjkk hi rilfrdid je tbijr rispiltjvi G\Ms. \jgjkmrky tbi kmed tbmt hikfeos tf Ofviregiet, Ofviregiet fromejsmtjfes, lfgpmejis sbfukd hi rilfrdid je tbijr rispiltjvi mllfuets. Je tbi TF^ Tmx systig tbi hmec hrmelbis/hmecjeo sirvjli lietris wjkk mlt ms gjddki gie afr pifpki, gmeuamlturirs, dimkirs, sikkirs med huyirs afr trmesair fr trmdi fa gfeiy, sbmris, lfggfdjtjis, kmeds, akmts, pkfts, vibjlkis, med ftbir gfvmhki fr jggfvmhki prfpirty wbjki huyjeo fr sikkjeo mt mhsfkutiky arii fa lfst. Yedir tbi TF^ tmx systig, kmeds, pkfts, akmts fr ftbir prfpirtjis purlbmsid sbfukd hi gmdi tbrfuob gmje smvjeos mllfuet feky. Ja mey pirsfe huys kmed, pkft, akmt fr mey ftbir prfpirty meywbiri je Jedjm tbi ixtiet med emturi fa tbi prfpirty wjkk hi lridjtid je bjs Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet med tbi smgi prfpirty wjkk hi dihjtid arfg tbi sikkir‚s Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M). _bieivir bi/sbi sikks mey prfpirty tbmt js lridjtid je bjs G\M, tbi smgi wjkk hi dihjtid arfg bjs/bir Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet med tbi smgi prfpirty wjkk hi lridjtid je tbi huyir‚s Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M). @ust kjci sbmris tbiri wjkk hi ef pmpir dflugiets afr prfpirtjis. Yekjci lmsb trmesairs tbi huyir‚s prisieli med sjoemturi/mutbietjlmtjfe sbmkk sbmkk mksf hi eiidid afr mey gfvmhki fr jggfvmhki prfpirty trmesmltjfe. Tbiri wjkk hi ef guktjpki sikkjeo fa tbi smgi prfpirty tf djaairiet pifpki med uemutbfrjsid sikkjeo/purlbmsi med jkkiomk fllupmtjfe fa ftbir pirsfe‚s prfpirty wjtbfut wjt bfut bjs/bir cefwjeo/lfesiet wjkk eft hi pfssjhki. Tbi afurtb afkdir (sbmris/stflcs afkdir) sbmkk hi utjkjsid afr stfrmoi med usmoi fa fweirsbjp rjobts fa sbmris/stflcs, hfeds, dirjvmtjvis itl. Tbi fweirsbjp rjobts fa tbisi silurjtjis wjkk hi trmesairrid a rfg rfg fei pirsfe‚s G\M tf meftbir pirsfe‚s G\M wbjki huyjeo/sikkjeo/dfemtjfe. Tbi sbmris wjkk bmvi feky fweirsbjp rjobts med lmkkid ms sigj sfkjd gfeiy. Tbi ajatb afkdir (amgjky afkdir ) sbmkk hi utjkjsid afr amgjky ditmjks med lmkkid ms amgjky afkdir. Gmrrjmoi Gmrrj moi riojstrmtjfe med lbjkd hjrtb riojstrmtjfes wjkk hi gmdi hftb je bushmed med wjai‚s amgjky afkdirs fa G\Ms. Hmsid fe tbi ditmjks je tbi amgjky afkdirs, gfetbky rmtjfes wjkk hi lfgputid med trmesairrid iviry gfetb, je tbi afrg fa lmsb, djriltky jetf tbi wjai‚s G\Ms. Iviry lbjkd wjkk oit bjs/bir fwe G\M mllfuet mt tbi moi fa =9 yimrs. Tbi hmec stmtigiet fa Tbi ^kimsi vjsjt
www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lfg www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lf g
^moi =9
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
ajatb afkdir (amgjky afkdir) afkdir) fa G\M fa mey jedjvjdumk lme hi utjkjsid ms lmsti med jelfgi lirtjajlmti, vftir kjst, rmtjfe lmrd med pmsspfrt. Jt lme hi fhtmjeid wjtbje gjeutis arfg mey hmec med arfg meywbiri je tbi lfuetry. ^ifpki eiid eft pmy hrjhis tf oit tbisi lirtjajlmtis fr dflugiets arfg rivieui dipmrtgiet med pmsspfrt faajlis. Mkk aueds mkkflmtid tfwmrds wikamri fa \Ls, \Ts med HLs lme hi trmesairrid djriltky jetf tbi G\Ms fa tbisi siltjfes kimvjeo ef rffg afr kimcmois, hrjhis med gjsmpprfprj gjsmpprfprjmtjfe mtjfe fa tbisi aueds. Qjvjd ixpkmemtjfe0- Mkk tbi ditmjks fa m pirsfe‚s fllupmtjfe, idulmtjfemk qumkjajlmtjfes, gmrrjmoi, drjvjeo kjliesi, pmsspfrt, bjs/bir kjai pmrteirs emgi, ^ME eughir (G\M) (med vjli virsm), lbjkdrie med tbijr moi itl, wjkk hi rilfrdid je tbi ajatb afkdir(amgjky afkdir) fa bjs/bir Gmje \mvjeos mllfuet. Tbi pmriets sbfukd riojstir tbijr lbjkd‚s lbjkd‚s ditmjks je tbi dmtm rilfrd fa tbijr Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) wjtbje tbrii gfetbs fa tbijr lbjkd‚s hjrtb. Feli tbi lbjkd oits tbi moi fa =9 yimrs bi/sbi wjkk mutfgmtjlmkky oit ^ME med G\M. Tbi tftmk lmri med wikamri fa tbi frpbmes sbfukd hi tmcie hy tbi \tmti ofviregiets tjkk tbi lbjkd rimlbis tbi moi fa 8> yimrs. Tbjs systig tftmkky med pirgmeietky lbilcs tbi ivir jelrimsjeo prfhkig fa jkkiomk gjormtjfe arfg ^mcjstme med Hmeokmdisb lbmeojeo tbi digformpbjl prfpfrtjfe fa Jedjm tf me uejgmojemhki kivik. Feli mkk tbi ljtjzies mhfvi tbi moi fa =9 yimrs mri ojvie tbi gmedmtfry Gmje \mvjeos mllfuet (G\M) med tbi TF^ Tmx systig hilfgis aukky fpirmtjfemk, ef mdukt wjkk hi ojvie Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) tbirimatir. Arfg birimatir iviry mddjtjfemk Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet G\M wjkk hi me faasbfft fa me ixjstjeo G\M hikfeojeo tf pmriets. Tbiri wjkk hi ef quistjfe fa mddjtjfemk arisb G\M wjtbfut pmriet‚s ixjstjeo G\M. \jgjkmrky ixjstjeo G\Ms wjkk lfgi tf limsi upfe tbi dimtb fa jedjvjdumks. Mkk tbi gfeiy, sbmris, gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis rilfrdid je tbi ajvi afkdirs fa G\M fa tbi dilimsid pirsfe wjkk hi trmesairrid tf bjs/bir kiomk bijrs. Tbi tftmk eughir fa G\Ms wjkk jelrimsi iviry yimr dipiedjeo upfe tbi orfwtb rmti fa pfpukmtjfe fa tbmt lfuetry. TF^ Tmx systig wjkk rilfrd3 gmjetmje iviry jedjvjdumk‚ss amgjky rilfrd oieirmtjfe matir oieirmtjfe. Tbiriafri jkkiomk gjormets arfg ftbir jedjvjdumk‚ lfuetrjis lmeeft ietir jkkiomkky jetf Jedjm, oit Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet fr \uh \mvjeos Mllfuets med mssjgjkmti je Jedjme pfpukmtjfe. Jt wjkk hi m kft imsjir afr tbi ofviregiet tf ditilt tirrfrjsts med gjkjtmets wbf lrfss fvir arfg mlrfss tbi hfrdir tf jedukoi je uekmwauk mltjvjtjis. TF^ tmx systig wjkk hi fpirmtid sfkiky hy hmecs tf prfvjdi djaairiet sirvjlis afr tbi Ofviregiet kjci tmxmtjfe, tmx lfkkiltjfe, tmx ieafrligiet3 afr jssujeo lmsti lirtjajlmtis, jelfgi lirtjajlmtis, vftir kjsts, gfetbky rmtjfes, suhsjdjis, piesjfes, lmkmgjty rikjia aueds, pmsspfrts, kjlielis, aiis rijghursigiets, slbfkmrsbjps itl., mt mhsfkutiky arii fa lfst. TF^ Tmx systig, fpirmtid hy hmecs, wjkk mksf bikp pifpki je oittjeo mkk tbi mhfvi gietjfeid sirvjlis mt sjeoki wjedfw tbrfuob tbijr G\Ms wjtb ajvi djaairiet afkdirs. Tbmt gimes TF^ Tmx systig wjkk ripkmli prisiet systig‚s guktjpki dipmrtgiets kjci Jelfgi tmx dipmrtgiet, Lietrmk Ixljsi dipmrtgiet, LHDT, LHIL, Tmx trjhuemks, pmsspfrt dipmrtgiet, liesus dipmrtgiet, \tmtis‚ lfggirljmk tmx dipmrtgiets, ljvjk suppkjis dipmrtgiets, riojstrmtjfe dipmrtgiets, rivieui dipmrtgiets itl., smvjeo tbfusmeds fa lrfris fa Ofviregiet‚s efeefe pkme ixpiedjturi.
8. Ysmoi fa \uh \mvjeos Mllfuet (\\M)0- Iviry pirsfe lme fpie med fpirmti ms gulb eughir fa \\Ms ms bi/sbi wjsbis. Tbi \\M wjkk bmvi feky fei afkdir lmkkid ms kjqujd gfeiy afkdir. Tbjs afkdir sbmkk hi usid afr rilijvjeo, stfrmoi med usmoi fa gfeiy tf fpirmti mey husjeiss fr jedustry hy me jedjvjdumk.
<. Ysmoi fa Lfrpfrmti Mllfuet Eughir (LME)0 ^kimsi vjsjt
www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lfg www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lf g
. Lfrpfrmti lfgpmejis, GELs med
^moi =1
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
^uhkjl kjgjtid lfgpmejis wbjlb sfkd/jssuid sbmris tf tbi puhkjl wjkk hi ojvie LMEs. Imlb Lfrpfrmti Mllfuet Eughir wjkk bmvi sivie afkdirs afr imlb spiljajl fpirmtjeo/rueejeo purpfsi fa tbi lfgpmey. Tbi ajrst afkdir sbmkk hi utjkjsid afr stfrmoi med usmoi fa gfeiy afr rueejeo tbmt lfgpmey. Tbi silfed afkdir sbmkk hi utjkjsid afr bmvjeo mkk rilfrds fa jggfvmhki prfpirtjis kjci kmed, hujkdjeos, jearmstrulturi med itlitirm fa tbmt prf`ilt/pkmet/husjeiss. Tbi tbjrd afkdir sbmkk hi usid afr riojstrmtjfe, stfrmoi med usmoi fa fweirsbjp rjobts afr mkk akiit fa vibjlkis med ftbir gfvmhki prfpirtjis kjci gmlbjeiry itlitirm riqujrid afr rueejeo fa tbmt lfgpmey. lfgpmey . Tbi afurtb afkdir sbmkk hi usid afr stfrmoi fa mkk sbmris fa tbi prfgftirs med tbi puhkjl fa tbmt lfgpmey. Tbi ajatb afkdir sbmkk lfetmje tbi ditmjks med mllfuets fa mkk tbi igpkfyid gmepfwir fa tbmt lfgpmey. Tbi sjxtb afkdir sbmkk lfetmje tbi ditmjkid mllfuets fa mkk rmw gmtirjmks med ftbir riqujrid jeputs hfuobt med usid afr rueejeo fa tbmt lfgpmey. Tbi sivietb afkdir sbmkk lfetmje tbi ditmjks med mllfuets fa mkk prfdults gmeuamlturid, smkis med jevietfry. TF^ Tmx systig‚s LME wjtb sivie afkdirs afkdirs js m eiw prfliduri tf sii tbmt lfgpmey‚s ajemeljmk hffcs wiri lkime, mllurmti, fpie med trmespmriet tf mkk sbmri bfkdirs sf tbmt tbiri lme hi ef rffg afr armudukiet med diliptjvi ajemeljmk stmtigiets. Qjvjd ixpkmemtjfe0 - Tbi TF^ Tmx systig‚s Lfrpfrmti Lfrpfrmt i Mllfuet Eughirs (LMEs) wjtb sivie afkdirs wjkk gmci mkk lfgpmejis‚ mllfuets aukky trmespmriet med fpie tf mkk sbmri bfkdirs iviry dmy (uekjci qumrtirky, bmka-yimr med yimrky stmtigiets rikimsid hy tbi lfgpmejis je tbi prisiet systig) afr jespiltjfe, study med memkysjs hiafri jevistjeo tbijr bmrd imreid gfeiy je sbmris fa tbfsi lfgpmejis wjtb sfued ajemeljmk pfsjtjfe. Tbi trmespmriet mllfuetjeo systig je LMEs wjtb sivie sipmrmti afkdirs afr gfeiy, gfvmhki prfpirty, jggfvmhki prfpirty, gmepfwir, sbmris, rmw gmtirjmks med ftbir jeputs, med gmeuamlturid prfdults med jevietfry wjkk rigfvi mkk armuds je mllfuetjeo, silurjtjis, stflcs med jevistgiet . Tbisi LMEs wjtb sivie afkdirs iesuri tbmt tbiri wjkk hi ef lbmeli fa armudukiet husjeiss prmltjlis fa fvirstmtjeo prfajts, lfelimkjeo dihts, sprimdjeo tbi ixpiesis fut fvir sivirmk yimrs, uedir vfjljeo fr fvir vfjljeo fa rmw gmtirjmks, jeputs, med gmeuamlturid prfdults, uedir fr fvir stmtjeo fa stflcs, pmddjeo up fa prf`ilt lfst med djvirtjeo fa aueds mt orfuedjeo, lfestrultjfe, iriltjfe med mkk stmois fa prf`ilt jgpkigietmtjfe med puhkjlmtjfe fa amksjajid ajemeljmk ripfrts. Tbi LMEs fa TF^ Tmx systig lme mksf lbilc tbi djvirsjfe fa aueds arfg fei lfgpmey tf meftbir lfgpmey wjtbje tbi orfup lfgpmejis (smgi prfgftirs). Tbi TF^ tmx tmx systig ojvis m hjo hffst hffst tf stflc stflc gmrcits ms pifpki stmrt huyjeo buoi kfts fa sbmris tf gmjetmje gjejgug hmkmeli je tbijr mllfuets je frdir tf mvfjd ^rfajt tmx. Tbiri wjkk hi ef sjoejajlmet iaailt fa TF^ tmx systig fe jetrmdmy trmdjeo med Auturi fptjfes trmdjeo hilmusi tbi kffsir kffsis ixtrm 4% fa tbi kfss mgfuet feky je tbi jetrmdmy trmdjeo. ^ifpki wjkk priair tf huy sbmris fe tbi kfeo tirg med meeumk meeumk yjikd hmsjs. Tbiy jevist je tbi lfgpmejis wbjlb ojvi bmedsfgi djvjdieds yimr matir yimr. TF^ Tmx systig‚s ajvi gmje fh`iltjvis mri =)Tbi tmx lfkkiltjfes arfg pifpki, 8) tbi djstrjhutjfe fa rivieuis arfg ofviregiets tf pifpki je tbi afrg fa suhsjdjis, rikjia aueds je tbi iviet fa emturmk lmkmgjtjis kjci imrtb qumcis, akffds, amgjeis, piesjfes, lmsb trmesairs tfwmrds gfetbky rmtjfes, bfspjtmk hjkks, idulmtjfe hjkks, it., <) prfvjdjeo mkk hmsjl sirvjlis jelkudjeo riojstrmtjfes fa gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis, drjvjeo kjlielis, mjr, hus, trmje tjlcits, pirgjts, pirgjts, kjlielis, pmygiet fa ikiltrjljty, ikiltrjljty, tikipbfei hjkks, wmtir wmtir liss, bfusi tmxis, jssui fa vftir kjsts med vftir skjps, hjrtb med dimtb riojstrmtjfes, liesus ajouris
mt iviry dmy, iviry bfur, iviry gjeuti (uekjci mt iviry dilmdi je tbi prisiet systig), 4) kiedjeo gfeiy gfeiy tf hfrrfwirs hfrrfwirs mt tbi kfwist kfwist ^KX (mvirmoi <%pir meeug). Mkk tbisi fh`iltjvis lme hi git med lmrrjid tbrfuob hmecs/sirvjli lietris tf mkk pifpki mt sjeoki ^kimsi vjsjt
www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lfg www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lf g
^moi =?
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
wjedfw, sjtumtid eimrist eimrist tf tbijr bfgis (9) jgpkigietmtjfe jgpkigietmtjfe fa wikamri wikamri slbigis tf HLs, \Ls, \Ts, tfwmrds idulmtjfe, sika igpkfygiet med ftbir mrims, med gfetbky piesjfes tf siejfr ljtjzies (wjtb ef fr pmktry jelfgis) med pbysjlmkky lbmkkieoid. TF^ Tmx systig‚s gmje fh`iltjvis wjkk hi lmrrjid tbrfuob hmecs/sirvjli hmecs/sirvjli lietris mt mhsfkutiky arii fa lfst. Tbi buoi ixpiedjturi lfst hijeo jelurrid hy tbi vmrjfus \tmti Ofviregiets med Lietrmk Ofviregiet afr tmx lfkkiltjfes tbrfuob djaairiet tmx lfkkiltjfe dipmrtgiets wjkk hi smvid. Tbus tbi buoi tmx lfkkiltjfe ixpiedjturi smvid lme hi hittir utjkjsid afr prfvjdjeo arii bimktb lmri sirvjli med idulmtjfe tf mkk pifpki fa tbi emtjfe. Mkk tbi imrejeos/smvjeos fa me jedjvjdumk dipfsjtid je tbijr rispiltjvi mllfuets (G\M/\\M) je tbi afrg fa eugirjlmk/djojtmk vmkui lme hi utjkjsid mt mey tjgi afr huyjeo fa gfvmhki fr jggfvmhki prfpirty fr afr mey ftbir kiomkky mkkfwid purpfsi. Tbi ueutjkjsid dipfsjts wjkk hi djshursid ms kfmes tf tbi hfrrfwirs hy tbi hmecs mt tbi kfwist kiedjeo rmti (mvirmoi <% pir meeug ms fpirmtjeo lfst). Tbi tftmk prfajts (me istjgmtid 14,:?<lrfris) oft hy mkk tbi hmecs/ sirvjli lietris lietris wjkk hi gfri tbme iefuob tf fpirmti tbig tbig med tbiy lme giit mkk tbi fh`iltjvis fa TF^ Tmx systig j.i. prfvjdjeo mkk hmsjl sirvjlis tf pifpki pi fpki mt mhsfkutiky arii fa lfst mt sjeoki wjedfw.
^uhkjl Djstrjhutjfe \ystig wjkk hi lmrrjid tbrfuob hmecs/hmecjeo sirvjli lietris. Tbi TF^ Tmx systig suooists djstrjhutjfe fa gfetbky rmtjfes je tbi afrg fa lmsb iqumkkjeo tbi tftmk lfst fa ormjes med suhsjdy pfrtjfe fa cirfsiei/K^O, suomr, lffcjeo fjk, trmesairrid djriltky tf tbi Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuets (G\M) fa amgjkjis, wbfsi meeumk jelfgis mri kiss tbme Xs.=, 9>,>>> fr ms diljdid hy tbi Ofviregiet mt tbi hudoit prisietmtjfe iviry yimr. Tbi st gfetbky lmsb trmesairs sbfukd hi gmdi fe tbi = fa iviry gfetb tf tbi wfgie‚s G\M fa imlb amgjky. Tbjs systig wjkk sirvi ijobt purpfsis. purpfsis. (=) Tbi igpfwirgiet fa wfgie lme hi mlbjivid mt kimst tf sfgi ixtiet. (8) Tbi gjsusi fa ueutjkjsid rmtjfe (rjli/wbimt, cirfsiei, suomr, lffcjeo fjk itl.,) hy tbi dimkirs wjkk hi lurhid. (<) Tbiri wjkk hi ef mduktirmtjfe fa djisik med pitrfk wjtb ueutjkjsid /gjsusid cirfsiei tbrfuob ^D\. (4) Tbi bjtbirtf ljrlujtfus, lfstky med lfrruptjfe rjddie ^D\ wjkk hi ofei. (9) Tbi prjlis fa lfggfdjtjis wjkk lfgi dfwe suhstmetjmkky. (1) ^ifpki lme huy qumkjty ormjes fa tbijr lbffsjeo hy usjeo lmsb. (?) Tbi prjli fa cirfsiei lme hi gmdi fe pmr wjtb djisik ikjgjemtjeo mduktirmtjfe fa djisik med pitrfk. (2) Tbi gjsusi fa K^O afr lfggirljmk purpfsi wjkk hi tftmkky lurhid. (:) Tbi buoi ixpiedjturi lfst fa ofviregiet gmlbjeiry usid afr ^D\ wjkk hi smvid. Tbi mgfuet fa lmsb trmesair wjkk hi diljdid mt iviry gfetb hmsid fe tbi privmjkjeo prjlis fa ormjes mt mt ritmjk gmrcit. gmrcit. Tbi gfetbky rmtjfe wjkk hi iqumk tf (7) eughir fa COs fa rjli/wbimt/wbimt akfur mkkfttid tf imlb amgjky x prjli+ suhsjdy pfrtjfe fa suomr + suhsjdy pfrtjfe fa cirfsiei/K^O + suhsjdy pfrtjfe fa lffcjeo fjk . \f tbi kiss/kfw jelfgi orfup pifpki wjkk oit tbijr stmpki ormje mt arii fa lfst med tftmk suhsjdy pfrtjfe fe cirfsiei, suomr, lffcjeo fjk, lirimks tbrfuob lmsb trmesairs. \f tbiri wjkk hi feky fei ^uhkjl Djstrjhutjfe \ystig (^D\) afr hftb Lietri med mkk \tmtis lfghjeid tfoitbir tbrfuob Hmecs/hmecjeo sirvjli lietris. \f tbi buoi ofviregiet gmlbjeiry js eft riqujrid afr tbi ^D\ smvjeo kft fa puhkjl puhkjl gfeiy. Tbi lfst fa tbi lmsb trmesairs trmesairs wjkk bmvi tf hi sbmrid je tbi rmtjf fa ?>% hy \tmtis med <>% hy Lietri ixmltky je tbi smgi rmtjf fa rivieuis suooistid je tbi TF^ Tmx systig. \ii pmoi 9 med 1.
^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi =2
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
\jgjkmrky tbi airtjkjzir suhsjdy mgfuet lme hi trmesairrid djriltky tf tbi amrgirs‚ Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuets ms jkkustrmtid je tbi pmoi eughir == amljkjtmtjeo tbi tftmk rigfvmk fa suhsjdy fe airtjkjzirs med jts gjsusi hy airtjkjzir lfgpmejis. Tbi ajatb med gfst jgpfrtmet fh`iltjvis fa hmecs/hmecjeo sirvjli lietris wjkk hi tbi gmemoigiet fa iviry jedjvjdumk‚s mkk gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis je ikiltrfejl/djojtmk afrgmts je tbi ajvi sipmrmti afkdirs je Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M). Je tbi suooistid TF^ Tmx systig tbi Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) wjtb ajvi afkdirs fa imlb pirsfe sbmkk hi utjkjsid ms tbi di-gmt mllfuet fa tbmt pirsfe afr bfkdjeo gfeiy, diht gfeiy, gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis kjci sbmris, kmeds, pkfts, akmts, ofkd, sjkvir, `iwikkiry, fremgiets, viry bjob vmkuid mrtjlkis, mrtjlkis, gftfr gftfr lylkis, lmrs, ftbir vibjlkis med mkk ftbir prfpirtjis/mssits. _bjki purlbmsjeo fr sikkjeo, tbi trmesair fa tbisi mssits/prfpirtjis arfg fei pirsfe tf meftbir pirsfe sbmkk hi gmdi arfg fei pirsfe‚s G\M tf meftbir pirsfe‚s G\M tbrfuob hmecs/sirvjli lietris je me ikiltrfejl afrg. Yedir tbi TF^ tmx systig, kmeds, pkfts, akmts fr ftbir prfpirtjis purlbmsid sbfukd hi gmdi tbrfuob gmje smvjeos mllfuet feky. Ja mey pirsfe huys kmed, pkft, akmt fr mey ftbir prfpirty meywbiri je Jedjm tbi ixtiet med emturi fa tbi prfpirty wjkk hi lridjtid je bjs Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet med tbi smgi prfpirty wjkk hi dihjtid arfg tbi sikkir‚s Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet Mllf uet (G\M). _bieivir bi/sbi sikks mey prfpirty tbmt js lridjtid je bjs G\M, tbi smgi wjkk hi dihjtid arfg bjs/bir Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet med tbi smgi prfpirty wjkk hi lridjtid je tbi huyir‚s Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M). @ust kjci sbmris tbiri wjkk hi ef pmpir dflugiets afr gfvmhki/jggfvmhki prfpirtjis. Yekjci lmsb trmesairs tbi huyir‚s prisieli med sjoemturi/mutbietjlmtjfe sbmkk mksf hi eiidid afr mey gfvmhki fr jggfvmhki prfpirty trmesmltjfe.
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Gfeiy suppky, rimk gfeiy med lridjt gfeiy
TF^ Tmx systig‚s Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet G\M wjkk bmvi ajvi afkdirs afr gfeiy, sbmris/stflcs, hfeds, dirjvmtjvis, gfvmhki prfpirty, jggfvmhki prfpirty med amgjky. Tbi \uh \mvjeos Mllfuet wjkk bmvi feky fei afkdir afr gfeiy. Tbi Lfrpfrmti Mllfuet Eughir wjkk bmvi sivie afkdirs afr gfeiy, gfvmhki prfpirty, jggfvmhki prfpirty, silurjtjis, rmw gmtirjmks med ftbir jeputs, gme pfwir, gmeuamlturid prfdults. Tbi ajrst afkdir fa mkk tbisi tbrii mllfuets wjkk hi usid afr stfrmoi med usmoi fa gfeiy afr pirsfemk fr husjeiss fr jedustrjmk purpfsi. Afr
ditmjkid usmoi fa tbisi mllfuets pkimsi sii pmoi eughir =? med =2. Tfp Tmx systig suooists tbi Lmsb risirvi Xmtjf LXX pirgmeietky mt =>%. Mkk tbi kfmes tmcie hy mey pirsfe wjkk hi rilfrdid med gmjetmjeid je tbi suh afkdir lmkkid Diht gfeiy afkdir fa bjs/bir Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet. Tbi kfme gfeiy js lmkkid Diht gfeiy. \jgjkmrky tbi hfrrfwjeos fa gfeiy (kfmes) afr jedustrjis rue hy lfrpfrmti lfgpmejis fr puhkjl lfgpmejis wjkk hi rilfrdid med gmjetmjeid je tbi suh afkdir lmkkid Diht gfeiy afkdir fa Lfrpfrmti Mllfuet Eughirs (LMEs) fa tbfsi lfgpmejis. Tbi tftmk gfeiy je mkk G\Ms, \\Ms, LMEs, Hmec mllfuets med Ofviregiet mllfuets wjkk hi lfestmet tbrfuobfut tbi yimr wjtb m kjttki vmrjmtjfe fa .>=% hilmusi fa gjejsluki pmpir lurriely. Tbi tftmk kfmes/mdvmelis ojvie hy mkk Hmecs (rilfrdid ms Diht gfeiy je Dipt gfeiy afkdirs fa G\Ms med LMEs) sbfukd eft hi gfri tbme 4?.<?% (ja LXX 7 =>%) fa tbi tftmk gfeiy/kjqujd gfeiy (gfeiy wbjlb jelkudis hftb rimk gfeiy med kfme gfeiy) je mkk G\Ms, \\Ms, LMEs med Hmecs‚ fwe lmpjtmk gfeiy. Tbi gfeiy afkdir fa Hmec‚s Mllfuet wjkk bmvi jts lmpjtmk gfeiy med prfajts. Jt js lmkkid lmpjtmk gfeiy/ajxid gfeiy. Jt js lmkkid ms ajxid gfeiy hilmusi jt lmeeft hi ojvie ms kfme ms rimk gfeiy. Tbi hmec‚s lmpjtmk gfeiy wjkk hi usid tf pmy smkmrjis med tfwmrds ftbir fpirmtjeo
^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi =:
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
lfsts fa tbmt hmec. Mkk tbi kfmes ojvie hy jt wjkk hi rilfrdid je meftbir suh afkdir lmkkid kfme gfeiy afkdir. Jts eugirjlmk ajouris sbfukd hi je rid lfkfur. Iviry tjgi tbi hmec ojvis kfmes, tbi Hmec‚s lmpjtmk gfeiy/ajxid gfeiy sbfukd eft hi lbmeoid. Hut tbi ojvie kfme gfeiy wjkk hi mddid tf tbi Hmec‚s kfme gfeiy mllfuet je kfme gfeiy afkdir. Lfrrispfedjeoky tbi kfme mgfuet wjkk hi mddid tf tbi kjqujd gfeiy mllfuet fa G\M fr \\M fr LME, wbf bms tmcie tbmt kfme, med mt tbi smgi tjgi tbi kfme mgfuet wjkk hi rilfrdid je tbi Diht gfeiy afkdir fa tbi smgi G\M fr \\M fr LME. _bie m kfme js ripmjd, tbi prjeljpki mgfuet fa tbmt kfme wjkk of je tf tbi kfme gfeiy mllfuet fa tbmt Hmec mllfuet med kfme mgfuet je rid lfkfur dilrimsis hy tbi ripmjd kfme mgfuet. Hut tbi jetirist mgfuet fa tbmt kfme sbfukd hi lridjtid tf tbi Hmec‚s lmpjtmk gfeiy/ajxid gfeiy. \jgjkmrky wbieivir m kfme js ripmjd tbrfuob mey G\M fr LME tbi pmjd mgfuet wjkk hi dilrimsid arfg hftb tbi kjqujd gfeiy mllfuet med diht gfeiy mllfuet fa tbi smgi G\M fr LME. ^kimsi efti tbmt wbie Hmec(R) ojvis kfmes, jts lmpjtmk gfeiy/ajxid gfeiy wfukd eft lbmeoi hut jelrimsis wbie jetirist fe kfmes pmjd tf jt, med dilrimsis wbie Hmec(R)‚s smkmrjis med ftbir fpirmtjeo lfsts mri pmjd. Hmec‚s smkmrjis med ftbir rueejeo/fpirmtjeo lfsts sbfukd hi pmjd arfg tbi lmpjtmk gfeiy/ajxid gfeiy fa tbi Hmec‚s Mllfuet. \f tbi lmpjtmk gfeiy/ajxid gfeiy gjeus tbi jejtjmk lmpjtmk mri Hmecs prfajts. Ja tbi lmpjtmk gfeiy/ajxid gfeiy je tbi hmec‚s gfeiy afkdir mri kiss tbme tbi Hmec‚s jejtjmk lmpjtmk jevistgiet tbmt gimes tbi hmec jelurrid kfssis. Tbi TF^ Tmx systig suooists LXX (Lmsb Xisirvi Xmtjf) tf hi mrfued =>%. Tbi tftmk kfmes/mdvmelis ojvie hy m Hmec(R), rilfrdid je tbi kfme gfeiy afkdir fa Hmec‚s Mllfuet , sbfukd eft hi gfri tbme 4?.<?% (ja LXX 7 =>%) fa tbi tftmk gfeiy stfrid je mkk G\Ms, \\Ms, LMEs fpirmtid hy mkk jts hrmelbis, med Hmec(R)‚s fwe lmpjtmk jevistgiet/kjqujd gfeiy med prfajts (ja mey). Tbi tftmk gfeiy/kjqujd gfeiy je mkk G\Ms, \\Ms med LMEs jevmrjmhky jelkudis tbi rimk gfeiy med kfmeid gfeiy oieirmtid hy tbi Hmecs. Hut tbi Hmec‚s lmpjtmk gfeiy/ajxid gfeiy js puriky rimk gfeiy. Tbjs tftmk gfeiy wjkk ciip lbmeojeo lfetjeufusky. \f tbi mvirmoi tftmk gfeiy fa mkk mllfuets afr fei yimr fa mkk hrmelbis fa tbmt pmrtjlukmr Hmec(R) sbfukd hi tmcie je tf mllfuet wbjki ojvjeo kfmes. Tbjs ivir lbmeojeo mvirmoi tftmk wjkk hi mutfgmtjlmkky mvmjkmhki mvmjkmhki iviry dmy hy lfgputir sfatwmri systig jtsika. Mt tbi smgi tjgi tbi tftmk kfmeid gfeiy/mdvmelis fa mkk tbi hrmelbis fa Hmec(R) sbfukd eft ixliid ejei tjgis tbi vmkui fa tbmt pmrtjlukmr Hmec(R)‚s Lmpjtmk gfeiy/ajxid gfeiy. Mt ef tjgi tbi Hmec(R)‚s kfme gfeiy/mdvmelis je tbi tbi hmec(R)‚s gfeiy afkdir% sbfukd ejei je tjgis gfeiy/ajxid gfeiy , medkfme gfri tbme 4?.<? fa tbi ixliid tftmk gfeiy mkk G\Ms, \\Ms medlmpjtmk LMEs (fpirmtid hy jt) med jts fwe lmpjtmk gfeiy/ajxid gfeiy. Tbi tftmk kfmes/mdvmelis (rilfrdid je rid lfkfur je kfme gfeiy afkdirs) ojvie hy mkk hmecs tbrfuobfut tbi lfuetry sbfukd hi iqumk tf mkk Diht gfeiy/kfme gfeiy tmcie hy jedjvjdumks med lfgpmejis rilfrdid je Diht gfeiy LMEs. Tbi pfssjhki lmsb risirvi rmtjfs rmtjfs med lfrrispfedjeo kfme kfme rmtjfs tf afkdirs fa G\Ms med LMEs. tftmk gfeiy mri ms afkkfws. Ja LXX 7 9%, tbie kfme rmtjf 7 42.?=%. Ja LXX 7 1%, tbie kfme rmtjf 7 42.49%. Ja LXX 7 ?%, tbie kfme rmtjf 7 42.=:%. Ja LXX 7 2%, tbie tbi kfme rmtjf 7 4?.:8%. Ja LXX 7 :%, tbie kfme rmtjf 7 4?.14%. Tbi gmxjgug kfme/lridjt tbmt lme hi kiet ms kfme hy hmecs fe tbi rimk gfeiy =>> wjkk hi :> med tbi tftmk gfeiy je ljrlukmtjfe wjkk hi =:>. Jt wjkk hi lmkkid ms kjqujd gfeiy. Je ftbir wfrds wbie LXX 7 =>%, tbie tbi tftmk lridjt tbmt lme hi oieirmtid, kiet med mddid tf tbi rimk gfeiy wjkk hi :>% fa rimk gfeiy. Jt js tbi sika gfeiy suppky fa hmecjeo systig suooistid hy tbi TF^ Tmx systig. Tbi tftmk lmpjtmk gfeiy/ajxid gfeiy fa mkk hmecs je tbi lfuetry sbfukd hi mt kimst fei ejetb fa tbi tftmk kfme gfeiy rilfrdid je tbi diht gfeiy afkdirs fa mkk G\Ms, \\Ms, LMEs, med fei ejetb fa tbi tftmk kfme gfeiy rilfrdid je rid lfkfur je kfme gfeiy afkdirs fa mkk Hmecs. Ms ^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi 8>
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
tbi hmec‚s prfajts jelrimsis, tbi lmpjtmk jelrimsis. Tbi hmec‚s prfajts wjkk hi cefwe iviry dmy, iviry bfur med iviry gjeuti ivie tf m kmygme. Tbi gmxjgug prfajt m Hmec(R) wjtb mkk jts hrmelbis lme mlbjivi je m ajemeljmk yimr 7 (tbi mvirmoi meeumk sjgpki jetirist < % x : tjgis fa jts lmpjtmk gfeiy) + riojstrmtjfe lbmrois “ “ Fpirmtjeo lfst. Tbmt gimes, prfajt 7 (8?% fa jts lmpjtmk gfeiy) + riojstrmtjfe lbmrois “ lbmrois “ fpirmtjeo fpirmtjeo lfst. Tbi gjejgug prfajt m Hmec(R) wjtb mkk jts hrmelbis lme mlbjivi je m ajemeljmk yimr 7 (sjgpki jetirist < % R > .: tjgis fa jts fwe lmpjtmk gfeiy wbie ef rimk gfeiy js mvmjkmhki je mkk G\Ms, \\Ms med LMEs fpirmtid hy jt) + riojstrmtjfe lbmrois “ “ Hmec‚s fpirmtjeo lfst. \f \f tbi prfajts dipied upfe tbi tftmk gfeiy mvmjkmhki je mkk G\Ms, \\Ms, LMEs, tbi hmec fpirmtis, med Hmec‚s fwe lmpjtmk gfeiy. Tbjs js tbi sika rioukmtjeo systig fa gfeiy suppky je tbi ilfefgy. Tbi Hmec‚s lmsb risirvis, tf hi kiet ms kfmes, dilrimsis ja rimk gfeiy je mkk G\Ms, \\Ms med LMEs fpirmtid hy jt dilrimsis. Ja tftmk rimk gfeiy je mkk G\Ms, \\Ms med LMEs 7 ^, LXX 7 =>%, meeumk mvirmoi sjgpki jetirist 7 <%, fpirmtjeo lfst fa hmecs 7 Z med tftmk riojstrmtjfe lbmrois fa mkk jggfvmhki med gfvmhki prfpirtjis 7 R, tbie tbi tftmk prfajts pir meeug oft hy mkk Hmecs je tbi lfuetry 7 S(^-^/=>) R </=>>W + R “ R “Z Z. Tbmt gimes tftmk prfajts 7 8?^/=>>> + R “ R “ Z Z. Tbmt jgpkjis prfajts 7 (>.>8?% fa ^) + R - Z. Tbisi gmxjgug prfajts wjkk bmvi tf hi sbmrid hy mkk Hmec fpirmtfrs je tbi lfuetry. lfuetry. Imlb Hmec fpirmtfr‚s prfajt wjkk dipied up fe tbi rimk gfeiy mvmjkmhki je mkk G\Ms, \\Ms med LMEs jt fpirmtis. \f, tbi Hmec fpirmtfrs wjkk vji wjtb fei meftbir afr gfri mllfuets hy prfvjdjeo prfgpt med qumkjty sirvjlis tf jts lustfgirs. Ximk gfeiy gimes tftmk kjqujd gfeiy gjeus tftmk kfme gfeiy/diht gfeiy ojvie hy hmecs. ^kimsi sii pmoi eughir =2 med =: afr pfssjhki fpirmtjeo lfst fa tbi Hmecs med tbijr prfajts. Hmec‚s lmpjtmk jevistgiet lmeeft hi wjtbdrmwe arfg tbi tbi hmec uekiss jt jt js ixliidid fei ejetb vmkuis fa jts tftmk kfmes ojvie. Je ftbir wfrds, feky tbi ixtrm gfeiy, wbjlb gimes prfajts, fvir tbi jejtjmk lmpjtmk jevistgiet, lme hi wjtbdrmwe arfg tbi Hmec hy jts prfgftirs. TF^ Tmx systig iesuris tbmt gfeiy suppky dfis eft oit stmoemtid je tbi ajemeljmk systig ms ixliss risirvis hilmusi fa tbisi afkkfwjeo amltfrs. Tbi ajrst fei js tbi ^rfajt Tmx wbjlb lfestmetky pugps gfeiy hmlc je tf tbi ajemeljmk systig. Tbi silfed fei js tbi kjgjtid pmpir lurriely wbjlb tftmkky rigfvis hkmlc gfeiy, m strfeobfkd fa stmoemtid med bjhiremtid gfeiy je rilissjfe pirjfds. Tbi tbjrd amltfr js kfw jetirist rmtis med amstir smeltjfejeo fa kfmes hilmusi mkk lfgpfeiets fa gfeiy med wimktb mri rilfrdid, stfrid, gmjetmjeid med usid je tbi smgi G\Ms med LMEs. Iviry yimr, mddjtjfemk fa tbi vmkui fatftbi je tbi rimk gfeiy 98.1<% OD^ gjeus tbi vmkui fa tbi orfwtb (ja mey )iqumkkjeo je tbi ixpfrts wbie lfgpmrid kmstorfwtb yimr, sbfukd hi mddid tf tbi Ofviregiet mllfuet mt tbi tjgi hudoit prisietmtjfe tf lbilc diakmtjfe med rilissjfe. Tbi gm`fr pfrtjfe (9>%) fa tbjs mddid gfeiy sbfukd hi mkkflmtid tfwmrds piesjfes tf siejfr ljtjzies wbf bmvi ef fr pmktry jelfgis. Tbi rigmjejeo pfrtjfe sbmkk hi mkkflmtid tf wikamri slbigis, bimktb lmri sirvjlis, med idulmtjfe med jearmstrulturi siltfrs. Feli tbjs rimk gfeiy js mddid med giroid je tbi ljrlukmtjeo gfeiy, tbi rigmjejeo pfrtjfe fa 4?.<?% fa tbi vmkui fa tbi orfwtb je tbi OD^ gjeus tbi vmkui fa tbi orfwtb (ja mey), wjkk mksf hi oieirmtid tbrfuob kfmes ms diht gfeiy/kfme gfeiy hy tbi hmecs med mddid tf tbi ljrlukmtjeo gfeiy je tbi ajemeli systig. Tbi hmecs‚ prfajts wjkk jelrimsi tbrfuob jetirists fe tbjs mddjtjfemk kfme gfeiy iviry yimr. TF^ Tmx systig suooists tbmt tftmk kjqujd gfeiy (rimk gfeiy med diht gfeiy/kfme gfeiy) tf hi eilissmry afr ljrlukmtjfe je hmecs sbfukd hi mt tbi gjejgug kivik =8>% med mt gmxjgug kivik =9>% fa tbi vmkui fa OD^ fa tbi lfuetry. Mssugjeo tbmt imlb lfggfdjty/sirvjli js lbmeoid bmeds tbrii tjgis je tbi lfesugir, ritmjkir, dimkir med gmeuamlturi lbmje, tbi lylkis fa tbi tftmk gfeiy je tbi ljrlukmtjfe wjkk hi mt mvirmoi tbrii pir yimr. ^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi 8=
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Tbi tftmk gfeiy (kjqujd gfeiy), Diht Gfeiy/kfmeid gfeiy, sbmris/stflcs, gfvmhki prfpirtjis, med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis fa jedjvjdumks fr jedustrjis wjkk hi stfrid, rilfrdid, gmjetmjeid med trmesafrgid je tbi smgi mllfuets fa G\Ms med LMEs. Tbi gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis lme hi gfrtomoid med trmesafrgid je tf kjqujd gfeiy afr pirsfemk, husjeiss fr jedustry purpfsi. \jeli mkk tbi gfeiy, dihts, dih ts, sbmris med mssits mri rilfrdid, kjecid med lfvmkietky hfedid tfoitbir uedir djaairiet afkdirs je tbi smgi Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet je tbi lmsi fa jedjvjdumks med je tbi lfrpfrmti mllfuet eughirs je tbi lmsi fa lfgpmejis3 tbi prfliss fa kfme smeltjfe wjkk hi amstir med sgftbir. Tbiri wjkk hi ef diamukts fe kfmes med efepirafrgjeo mssits lmkkid E^Ms. Feli tbi kfmes mri ripmjd tbi mssits wjkk hi rikimsid arfg gfrtomoi jestmetky. Tbi tftmk rimk gfeiy med Diht gfeiy/kfme gfeiy, tbi rimk mssits med gfrtomoid mssits fa me jedjvjdumk jedjvjdumk fr m lfgpmey lme lme hi imsjky djstjeoujsbmhki. Je tbi prisiet systig gfeiy, sbmris, gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis mri rilfrdid med gmjetmjeid hy djaairiet jestjtutjfes, dipmrtgiets med moieljis. Kfme gfeiy/mdvmelis mri gmjetmjeid je sipmrmti mllfuets. \f tbi rimk gfeiy med kfmeid gfeiy/lridjt gfeiy mri gjeokid tfoitbir hiyfed rilfoejtjfe med eft imsjky djstjeoujsbmhki hy lursfry study fa tbi mllfuets. Tbi prisiet systig‚s guktjpki oieirmtjfe fa gfeiy suppky tbrfuob kfmes fe kfmes js mltumkky dwmrajeo tbi rimk gfeiy med lmusjeo uelfetrfkkid jeakmtjfe med mllugukmtjfe fa gfeiy je m aiw pflcits.
_by tbi suooistid ‛TF^ Tmx systig‗ suooists tftmk rigfvmk fa jetirist rmtis fe digmed dipfsjts med ajxid dipfsjts6 Mey truky digflrmtjl Ofviregiet sbfukd iesuri tbmt wimktb akfws arfg tbi rjlb tf tbi pffr. Hut ueafrtuemtiky tbi jevirsi js bmppiejeo je tbi prisiet systig. Gfeiy bms hiie lfestmetky trmesairrjeo arfg tbi bmvi-efts tf tbi bmvis je tbi afrg fa jetirist rmtis fe digmed dipfsjts med ajxid dipfsjts. Tbi rjlb mri hilfgjeo rjlbir hy mt kimst 2% iviry yimr med med tbi pffr mri oittjeo pffrir iviry iviry yimr, hy pmyjeo pmyjeo jetirist jedjriltky fe digmed/ajxid dipfsjts fa tbi rjlb wbjki huyjeo issietjmk lfggfdjtjis/sirvjlis, med djriltky pmyjeo tbrfuob bjob jetirists fe tbi kfmes tmcie hy tbig. Tbi hmecs mri pmyjeo buoi mgfuets ms jetirists tf tbi rjlb hy ixtrmltjeo djriltky arfg tbi pffr tbrfuob bjob jetirist rmtis fe tbi kfmes ojvie tf tbig med jedjriltky tbrfuob jetirists fe kfmes ojvie tf rjlb jedustrjmkjsts jedustrjmkjs ts ms tbi jedustrjmkjsts ivietumkky pmss fe tbi jetirist hurdie tf tbi lfesugirs hy iebmeljeo tbi prjlis fa lfggfdjtjis/sirvjlis. lfggfdjtjis/sirvjlis. Tbi gm`frjty fa tbi pifpki bmvi b mvi tf wfrc ixtrm bmrd eft feky tf imre afr tbigsikvis hut mksf tf pmy tbi jetirist fe tbi dipfsjts fa tbi rjlb, mktbfuob jedjriltky, hy huyjeo jetirist lfgpfeiet jelkudid lfggfdjtjis/sirvjlis mt bjobir prjlis. Tbi bmvi-efts mri pmyjeo tbi ietjri jetirist mgfuets fe dipfsjts med smvjeos ijtbir djriltky fr jedjriltky hy diamukt. Jestimd fa usjeo gfeiy ms gidjug afr trmesair fa lfggfdjtjis fr sirvjlis hitwiie pifpki, tbi gfeiy jtsika js hijeo usid ms me mssit tf oieirmti jelfgis tbrfuob jetirists. Tbi mllugukmtjfe med stmlcjeo fa gfeiy hy me jedjvjdumk js oieirmtjeo gfeiy afr prfoiey oieirmtjfe matir oieirmtjfe. Tbi oieirmtjfe fa gfeiy fe stfrid gfeiy js eftbjeo hut m didultjfe fa gfeiy arfg bmrd imrejeo wfrcjeo lkmss. Tbjs pmrmsjtjl pfkjly fa tbi rjlb, aiidjeo fe tbi pffr hy smppjeo mkk tbijr ieiroy tf tbi supiremlukug, wjkk hi iedid wjtb tbi mdfptjfe med jgpkigietmtjfe fa TF^ Tmx systig. TF^ Tmx systig wjkk iesuri tbmt gfeiy wjkk hi puriky usid ms gidjug afr trmesair fa lfggfdjtjis fr sirvjlis mgfeo pifpki. Bieli tbi TF^ Tmx systig suooists tftmk rigfvmk fa jetirists fe ajxid dipfsjts med digmed dipfsjts. Tbi rjlb wjkk bmvi tf spied ixmltky tbi mgfuet tbiy imre fr
^kimsi vjsjt
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Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
smvi med eft m pieey gfri oft hy vjrtui fa jetirist. Hut mt tbi smgi tjgi tbi rjlb wjkk bmvi orimtir hieiajts je tbi TF^ Tmx systig. Tbiy eiid eft pmy Jelfgi tmx mt mkk. Tbiy lme spied wbmtivir gfeiy tbiy imre wjtbfut hftbirjeo mhfut mllfuetjeo, mudjtjeo med jelfgi tmx ritures. Tbi tftmk gfeiy, smvid arfg jelfgi tmx fe ietjri imrejeos/smvjeos durjeo tbijr kjai tjgi, wjkk hi gfri tbme tbi jetirist kfst fe tbijr dipfsjts. Gfri jgpfrtmetky tbi pffr wjkk oit gfeiy mt kfw jetirist rmtis (8% pir meeug). Tbiy wjkk bmvi tbijr fwe bfgis med tbiy wjkk oit issietjmk lfggfdjtjis mt gulb lbimpir prjlis tbme tfdmy. ^risietky, gm`fr sbmri fa rivieuis fa hftb Lietri med \tmtis js hijeo ofhhkid up hy tbi buoi hurdie lfst fa jetirist pmygiets fe jetiremk hfrrfwjeos. Tbi buoi mgfuets smvid fe jetirist pmygiets hy tbi Lietrmk med \tmti ofviregiets fe jetiremk hfrrfwjeos lme hi utjkjsid tf prfvjdi arii bimktb lmri sirvjlis med qumkjty idulmtjfe tf mkk pifpki fa tbi lfuetry. Jt js trui tbmt sfgi fa tbi siejfr ljtjzies riky sfkiky fe gfetbky jetirist pmygiets fe tbijr kjai tjgi smvjeos. Bieli jt js mhsfkutiky jgpirmtjvi tbmt tbi gm`fr pfrtjfe fa tbi smvid jetirist fe jetiremk hfrrfwjeos hy tbi Lietri med \tmtis med tbi smvid tmx lfkkiltjfe ixpiedjturi lfst sbfukd hi ojvie tf mkk siejfr ljtjzies (wjtb ef fr pmktry jelfgis) mhfvi tbi moi fa 19 yimrs ms piesjfe iviry gfetb. Mkk tbi prisiet dmy lbjt aued lfgpmejis, ajemeljmk jestjtutjfes wjkk bmvi tf lbmeoi tbijr fpirmtjfes med sirvjlis med trmesafrg trmesafrg jetf hmecjeo sirvjli lietris. lietris. TF^ Tmx systig riqujris 9, >>,>>> hmecjeo sirvjli lietris (sii pmoi eughir =1). Tbi kfss fa igpkfygiet je tbi tmx lfkkiltjfe dipmrtgiets med ^D\ wjkk hi lfgpiesmtid hy gmejafkd igpkfygiet oieirmtjfe tbrfuob kmroi eughir fa hmecjeo sirvjli lietris, buoiky ixpmedid bimktb lmri, idulmtjfe, jearmstrulturi, morf, morf, jrrjomtjfe med med ftbir siltfrs. siltfrs. \ii pmoi =1 tf =:. Tbi gm`fr sbmri sbmri fa rivieuis tbmt js hijeo spiet fe jetirist pmygiets fe jetiremk hfrrfwjeos, tmx lfkkiltjfe, fvir sjzid Ofviregiet gmlbjeiry med ^D\, (wbjlb dfis eft prfpik ilfefgjl mltjvjty med lrimti jearmstrulturi med mssits), wjkk hi hittir utjkjsid fe jearmstrulturi prf`ilts, bimktb lmri sirvjlis, idulmtjfe, jrrjomtjfe, morjlukturi med ftbir siltfrs tf jeduli buoi divikfpgiet, igpkfygiet oieirmtjfe, med mkk-rfued divikfpgiet fa jedjvjdumks med lfuetry ms m wbfki. Tbisi buoi jevistgiets fe jearmstrulturi wjkk aurtbir mllikirmti ilfefgjl orfwtb wbiri gfri tmx rivieuis mri aimsjhki tf prfvjdi mkk hmsjl eiids fa pifpki. M lfuetry wbjlb mdfpts med jgpkigiets tbjs TF^ Tmx systig (M eiw tmxmtjfe systig) wjkk hi fe rjobt trmlc mt amstir orfwtb rmti jemdvirsi ef tjgi.tirgs Tbjs wjkk fvir dipiedieli fe ixtiremk hfrrfwjeos mt bjob jetirist rmti uedir med riduli lfedjtjfes.
Tfp Tmx systig rues fe kjgjtid pmpir lurriely med digmtirjmkjsid gfeiy TF^ Tmx systig tbmt rues fe kjgjtid pmpir lurriely med digmtirjmkjsid gfeiy wjkk bmvi ajvi djstjelt mdvmetmois fvir prisiet systig wbjlb rues fe buoi pmpir lurriely. =. Kjgjtid pmpir lurriely mt m kfw diefgjemtjfe diefgjemtjfe vmkui wjkk iesuri tbi tftmk ixtjeltjfe ixtjeltjfe fa amci lurriely. wjkk mksf giit tbi smgi amti ms pifpki wjkk hi afrlid tf tf trmesair gfeiy arfg 8. Hkmlc gfeiy wjkk fei mllfuet tf meftbir mllfuet tbrfuob lbiqui, dihjt lmrd fr fekjei trmesairs afr mkk trmesmltjfes afr pirsfemk fr husjeiss purpfsi. <. Xmesfgs, ixtfrtjfes, hrjhis, rfhhirjis med mkk jkkiomk mltjvjtjis wjkk lfgi tf me ied ms buoi ixlbmeoi fa lurriely mt bjob diefgjemtjfe vmkuis wjkk eft hi pfssjhki hilmusi iviry jedjvjdumk‚s imrejeos fr smvjeos wjkk hi je gmtirjmkjsid afrg je bjs/bir G\M fr \\Ms. 4. Tbiri wjkk hi ef slfpi afr ixlbmeoi fa gfeiy je pbysjlmk afrg. Mkk gfeiy trmesairs wjkk hi mllfuetid med tbjs ikjgjemtis tmx ivmsjfe. Iviry mllfuet wjkk hi me jevfkuetmry tmxpmyjeo
^kimsi vjsjt
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Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
mllfuet. Tbus tmx lfkkiltjfe med tmx lfgpkjmeli wjkk jevmrjmhky hilfgi fei med smgi. Tbiri wjkk hi ef tmx lfkkiltjfe lfst afr Ofviregiet med tmx lfgpkjmeli lfst afr ljtjzies. 9. Yedir prisiet tmx systig ja kmroi eughir fa pirsfes wmets tf lmelik tbijr dipfsjts med wjtbdrmw tbijr gfeiy arfg hmecs mt feli afr fei rimsfe fr ftbir, tbi gfeiy mvmjkmhki wjtb tbi hmecs wjkk eft hi suaajljiet tf djshursi tf mkk pirsfes mt feli lmusjeo pmejl med lbmfs. Hut uedir TF^ tmx systig tbi mhfvi sliemrjf wjkk eivir fllur uedir mey ljrlugstmelis hilmusi mey pirsfe lme hi mkkfwid tf wjtbdrmwjeo feky m gmxjgug fa 9,>>> pir gfetb arfg bjs Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M), med wbmtivir gfeiy mvmjkmhki je mkk bjs \uh \mvjeos Mllfuets wjkk bmvi tf hi trmesairrid arfg tbfsi mllfuets tbrfuob lbiqui, dihjt lmrds fr eit hmecjeo tf ftbir pirsfe‚s mllfuet wbjki huyjeo sbmris, sbmris, kmeds, akmts, pkfts, mey lfggfdjty, offds, sirvjli fr meytbjeo iksi fr je lmsi ja bi wmets tf kied gfeiy tf ftbir pirsfes. Bi/sbi lme trmesair mkk bjs/bir gfeiy arfg bjs/bir pmrtjlukmr G\M fr \\M tf meftbir \\Ms fa bjs/bir fwe mllfuet hy kfsjeo 4% Tfp tmx je tbjs prfliss Yedir prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig imlb pirsfe wjkk hi mkkfwid tf wjtbdrmw m gmxjgug fa Xs. 9>>> pir gfetb arfg smvjeos fr imrejeos je bjs/bir Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet feky. Tbi gfetbky lmsb wjtbdrmwmk kjgjt afr imlb ljtjzie lme hi lmklukmtid ms afkkfws3 - Tbi vmkui fa tbi SOD^ vmkui fa tbmt lfuetry “ “ (ixpfrts (ixpfrts “ “ jgpfrts)W jgpfrts)W djvjdid hy <19. ^kimsi eft tbmt imlb ljtjzie mhfvi moi fa =9 yimrs wjkk bmvi feky fei Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M). Tbi gfetbky wjtbdrmwmk kjgjt (lmsb je pbysjlmk afrg) wjkk vmry arfg lfuetry tf lfuetry. Tbjs tmhki sbfws tbi suooistid gfetbky wjtbdrmwmk kjgjts afr Jedjm. OD^ 8>>:-=> HI
Tftmk
Mpprfxjgmti. Ef fa
je lrfris
pfpukmtjfe
G\M‚s fvir=9yimrs). fvir=9yimrs). G\M/meeug
jelfgi je Xs.
fa lfuetry
Je lrfris
Je Xs.
/G\M/gfetb
==1 lrfris
=>>
92,919
422>
92,91,91:
^ir lmpjtm jelfgi/
^ir
lmpjtm
Tbi gfetbky wjtbdrmwmk kjgjt fa Xs. 9>>> lme hi jelrimsid mt hudoit tjgi dipiedjeo upfe tbi OD^ vmkui. Yedir prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig lurriely je 8>, =>, 9 med 8 rupii eftis eiidid tf hi put je ljrlukmtjfe wjkk hi mpprfxjgmtiky vmkuid mt Xs. 8>,>>>lrfris. Hisjdis tbisi lurriely eftis =, 8, 9 rupii lfjes lf jes wjkk mksf hi je ljrlukmtjfe ms je prisiet systig. Tbi kjgjtid pmpir lurriely tbmt eiids tf hi put je ljrlukmtjfe gmy vmry arfg lfuetry tf lfuetry dipiedjeo upfe OD^ vmkui fa tbmt lfuetry. Tbi vmkui fa tbi kjgjtid pmpir lurriely sbfukd hi iqumk tf tbi vmkui fa tbi SOD^ fa tbmt lfuetry “ “ (ixpfrts “ “ jgpfrts)W djvjdid hy <19. (Ja OD^ 7 prjvmti lfesugptjfe + orfss jevistgiet +ofviregiet spiedjeo + Ixpfrts “ Ixpfrts “ jgpfrts) jgpfrts) Je lrfris OD^
8>>:-=> Morjlukturi
\irvjli
siltfr
Jedustrjmk
HI je lrfris
siltfr =?%
99.<%
siltfr 8?.?%
92,91,91:
:,:9,1=1
<8,<2,128
=1,88,81:
OD^ pir dmy
=1>49
\furli0 ajegje.ejl.je
Fut fa tftmk OD^ vmkui fa Xs.=1>49lrfris pir dmy me mvirmoi <>% vmkui fa OD^ (9>>>lrfris) pir dmy wjkk hi hfuobt hy lmsb mt ajrst stmoi. Gfst prfhmhky tbi rigmjejeo silfed med tbjrd stmois med gfst prfhmhky ?>% fa OD^ (mvirmoi tbrii stmois) wjkk hi trmesmltid ^kimsi vjsjt
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Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
tbrfuob lbiqui, dihjt lmrd fr fekjei lmsb trmesairs. Yedir prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig bfkdjeo med lmrryjeo fa lmsb fa gfri tbme Xs. <>,>>> fvir kfeo djstmelis eiid tf hi hmeeid. Xitmjkirs, pitty sbfp fweirs med ftbir husjeissgie sbfukd dipfsjt tbijr smki prfliids rilijvid je lmsb je tbi eimrist hmecs iviry dmy. Tbiriafri gfst fa tbi lurriely sbmkk hi ljrlukmtid kflmkky. 8>>?->2 ajouris \furli0 rhj.fro.je rupiis lrfris Xs.8>
Xs.=>
4=>2
Xs.9
:<<<
8===
Xs.8
lfjes
1<1
Tftmk
Xs.9
Xs.8
Xs.=
vmkui
<84:
=:>?
88=4
8<992
Tbi mhfvi vmkuid lurriely (lfjes med eftis) prisietky je ljrlukmtjfe wjkk gfst prfhmhky hi suaajljiet afr tbi prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig je tbi lmsi fa Jedjm. Tbi pmpir gfeiy eiidid tf hi put je ljrlukmtjfe7 tbi vmkui fa OD^ R =>% fa skmh rmti (4%) djvjdid hy =>>7 vmkui fa OD^ R >.4 /=>>. ^mpir gfeiy wjkk hi ljrlukmtid je kfw vfkugis feky mt prjgmry kivik je tbi gmeuamlturir, dimkir, med ritmjkir med lfesugir lbmje. Tbi fvirmkk pfssjhki lfgpfeiet fa TF^ Tmx fe offds/sirvjlis js sbfwe je tbi afkkfwjeo tmhkis. Tbi pfssjhki TF^ Tmx fe gfeiy akfws je lfesugir, ritmjkir, dimkir, gmeuamlturir
lbmje . Ef.=0 Tmhki \tmoi fa suppky lbmje (gfeiy akfw)
TF^ Tmx fe Bjob vmkuid Offds/\irvjlis (Gidjug med Bimvy) jedustrjis Arfg Lfesugir tf Dimkir(prjli) (lbiqui/dihjt lmrd/eit trmesair Lfesugir
Arfg Dimkir tf Arfg Gmeuamlturir(lbiqui/dihjt Gmeuamlturir tf lmrd/eit trmesair) Xmw gmtirjmks, Gme pfwir itl,(lbiqui/dihjt lmrd/eit trmesair)
Xitmjkir(lfggjssjfe) TF^ Tmx7=8%
4%
Tmhki Ef. 80
4%
4%
TF^ Tmx fe Kfw prjlid offds/prfdults (\gmkk slmki med lfttmoi
jedustrjis) \tmoi
fa
suppky lbmje (gfeiy akfw)
Arfg Lfesugir tf Arfg
Xitmjkir
tf Arfg
Xitmjkir(lbiqui/dihjt Gmeuamlturir(lbiqui/dihjt Gmeuamlturir lmrd/eit trmesair)
lmrd/eit trmesair)
(lmsb)
tf
Xmw
gmtirjmks,
Gme
pfwir
itl,(lbiqui/dihjt lmrd/eit trmesair)
Tftmk
TF^
ejk
4%
4%
Tmx72%
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Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Tmhki Ef.<
TF^ Tmx fe kfw prjlid offds/prfdults/mrt offds/prfdults/mrtjlkis jlkis (sgmkk slmki jedustrjis)
wbie gmrcitid mt \tmti med Emtjfemk kivik. \tmoi fa
Lfesugi
Xitmjkir
Dimkir
Gmeuamlturir
suppky
r
Dimkir(lbiqui/di
Gmeuamlturir(lbiqui/di
Xmw
gmtirjmks,
lbmje
Xitmjkir
hjt
hjt lmrd/eit trmesair)
Gme
pfwir
(Gfeiy
(Lmsb)
lmrd/eit
trmesair)
itl.(lbiqui/dih jt
akfws)
lmrd/eit
trmesair)
Tftmk7=8
ejk
4%
4%
4%
% tfp tmx
Tmhki Ef. 4 TF^ Tmx fe Morjlukturi ^rfduli arfg sgmkk med gmrojemk amrgirs \tmoi fa suppky lbmje arfg Lfesugir tf Arfg Amrgir tf (gfeiy akfws)
Amrgirs(lmsb)
jeputs(lmsb)
Tftmk TF^ Tmx7>
ejk
ejk
Tmhki EF.90
Amrg
TF^ Tmx fe Morjlukturi Morjlukturi ^rfduli arfg sigj gidjug med gidjug gidjug amrgirs amrgirs
(kflmk med djstrjlt kivik lfesugptjfe) \tmoi
fa
suppky
lbmje (Gfeiy akfw)
Tftmk TF^ Tmx74%
Arfg Lfesugir tf Arfg
Qiedfrs
Qiedfrs
Amrgirs
(lmsb)
(lmsb)
ejk
ejk
tf
Amrgirs tf
Amrg
jeputs, Gme pfwir itl,(lbiqui/dihjt lmrd/eit trmesair) 4%
Tmhki Ef. 10 TF^ Tmx fe Morjlukturi ^rfduli ^rfduli arfg kmroi Amrgirs (\tmti, (\tmti, Emtjfemk kivik lfesugptjfe med ixpfrts) \tmoi fa Lfesugir suppky tf ritmjkirs lbmje(gfeiy (lmsb) akfw)
Arfg Xitmjkirs arfg Trmdirs tf tf Amrgirs(lbiqui/dihjt Trmdirs(dihjt lmrd/eit trmesair) lmrd/eit trmesair)
Arfg Amrgir tf Amrg jeputs, gme pfwir itl,(lbiqui/dihjt lmrd/eit trmesair)
Tfp tmx7=8
4%
4%
ejk
^kimsi vjsjt
4%
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Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Tmhki ef0 ?
TF^ Tmx fe sgmkk bftiks, gftiks, ristmurmets med dbmhms itl,
Lustfgirs tf
fweirs
fweirs tf
orflirjis, Tftmk TF^ Tmx fe gfeiy
(lmsb)
smkmrjis med ftbir jeputs
Ejk
4%(lbiqui/dihjt
akfws
lmrd/eit 4%
trmesair)
Tmhki ef0 2 arfg
TF^ Tmx fe stmr bftiks
Lustfgirs
tf Arfg fweirs tf orflirjis, Tftmk TF^ Tmx fe gfeiy
fweirs
smkmrjis med ftbir jeput lfsts(lbiqui/dihjt lmrd/eit trmesair)
(dihjt lmrd/eit trmesair)
TF^ Tmx74%
TF^ Tmx74%
Tmhki ef0 : Arfg
akfws
2%
TF^ Tmx fe rueejeo fa slbffks med lfkkiois mt kfwir aiis
^mriets tf Gmemoigiet tf tfwmrds Tftmk TF^ Tmx fe gfeiy smkmrjis, gmtirjmks med ftbir akfws gmemoigiet jeput lfsts(lbiqui/dihjt lmrd/eit trmesair/)
(lmsb) Ejk
TF^ Tmx74%
Tmhki ef0
4%
=> TF^ Tmx fe rueejeo fa slbffks, lfkkiois, uejvirsjtjis uejvirsjtjis med ftbir
jestjtutjfes mt bjobir aiis med dfemtjfes. pmriets
gmemoigiet
(lbiqui/dihjt
lmrd/eit
trmesair) TF^ Tmx74%
gmemoigiet
smkmrjis, gmtirjmks med
Tftmk
TF^
ftbir jeput lfsts(lbiqui/dihjt lmrd/eit
Tmx
fe
trmesair)
gfeiy akfw
TF^ Tmx74%
2%
Tbi iaailt fa TF^ Tmx fe ajkg jedustry Tmhki ef0 == vjiwir
tf
ixbjhjtir/tbimtri
djstrjhutfr
tbimtri/ixbjhjtir
tf
( Ja) LM\B
Fekjei
Dihjt lmrd74%
djstrjhutfr trmesair
Tftmk
prfdulir
Arfg prfdulir tf prfdultjfe/ixpiedjturi/smkmrjis
Fekjei
Fekjei trmesair74%
=8%
4%
=1%
4%
trmesair74%
4%
4%
tf
TF^
tmx
Mpmrt arfg tbi TF^ Tmx, tbiri wjkk hi ef ietirtmjegiet tmx fe ajkg jedustry. Mksf tbiri wjkk hi ef ftbir tmxis tbmt mri hijeo prisietky jgpfsid fe rmw ajkg, lmgirms med mkk ftbir iqujpgiets med sirvjli tmxis je tbi ietjri prfdultjfe stmoi.
^kimsi vjsjt
www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lfg www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lf g
^moi 8?
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Tmhki ef0 =8 TF^ Tmx fe Ximk istmti siltfr Arfg
Huyir
tf Hujkdir/divikfpir
tf Tftmk TF^ Tmx fe gfeiy
divikfpir/hujkdir(lbiqui/dihjt rmw gmtirjmks med ftbir lmrd/eit trmesair
jeput
akfws
lfsts(lbiqui/dihjt
lmrd/eit trmesair TF^ Tmx74%
TF^ Tmx74%
Tmhki ef0 =<
2%
TF^ Tmx fe kfw prjlid jtigs/offds/mr jtigs/offds/mrtjlkis/arujts tjlkis/arujts/idjhkis /idjhkis itl,
lfesugir tf
striit Qiedfr/sikkir/bmwcir
tf Tftmk TF^ Tmx fe gfeiy
viedfr/sikkir/bmwcir(lmsb)
ritmjkir/wbfkismkir/jeputs(lmsb) akfws
TF^ Tmx7ejk
TF^ Tmx7ejk
ejk
Iaailt fa TF^ Tmx systig fe jetrmdmy trmdjeo Je tbi prisiet systig \ilurjtjis Trmesmltjfe Tmx (\TT) fe \mki fa iqujty sbmris, uejts fa iqujty frjietid gutumk aueds je jetrmdmy 7.>8% Tmhki0 =4trmdjeo ixmgpki Ajouris je Xupiis. ^risiet
Huyjeo
\ikkjeo
Tftmk
\ilurjtjis
Tftmk
systig
vmkui
vmkui
vmkui
Trmesmltjfe
kfss7=>>>+<:.27
=>>,>>>
::,>>>
=,::,>>>
Tmx7.>8%fa tftmk
=><:.2
Eft
Eft
Eft
mppkjlmhki
mppkjlmhki
\uooistid TF^
Tmx mppkjlmhki
systig
vmkui7<:.2
TF^ Tmx74%fa trmesairrid kfss mgfuet74>
Tftmk kfss7=>>>+4>7=> 4>
Arfg tbi mhfvi tmhki jt js fhsirvid tbmt tbiri js ef djslirejhki vmrjmtjfe je hftb tbi systigs.
Iaailt fa TF^ Tmx systig fe huyjeo fa sbmris Je tbi prisiet systig systig \ilurjtjis Trmesmltjfe Trmesmltjfe Tmx (\TT) (\TT) fe purlbmsi fr smki fa iqujty sbmris med rikmtid gutumk aueds7>.=>% Tmhki ef0 =9 ixmgpki Ajouris je Xupiis prisiet systig
Qmkui
fa \TT7.=%fa vmkui7=>>
sbmris7=,>>,>>> TF^ Tmx systig
Qmkui sbmris7=,>>,>>>
^kimsi vjsjt
Tftmk
lfst
fa
sbmris7=,>>,=>> fa TF^ Tmx74%fa trmesairrid mgfuet74>>>
www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lfg www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lf g
Tftmk
vmkui
fa
sbmris7=>4>>>
^moi 82
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Iaailt fa TF^ Tmx fe pitrfkiug prfdults djisik, pitrfk, K^O, cirfsiei, MTA, hjtugie, kuhrjlmets itl, Tmhki ef0 =1 Lfesugir
Dimkir
riajeirjis
smkmrjis/rmw Tftmk TF^
dimkir/ajkkjeo stmtjfe
riajeirjis(lbiqui/dihjt gmtirjmks/gmjetiemeli lmrd/fekjei trmesair) itl.( Fekjei trmesair)
Tmx
M) lmsb
TF^ Tmx74%
TF^ Tmx74%
2%
H)Dihjt lmrd 4%
TF^ Tmx7 4%
TF^ TMR7 4%
=8%
iaailt fa TF^ Tmx fe ripmygiet ripmygiet fa kfmes up tf X\. =>kmcbs. =>kmcbs. Tbi Xipmygiet
Jetirist pir
Tftmk
TF^ Tmx
Tftmk
Mvirmoi%
pirjfd
meeug
jetirist %
= yimr
8%
8%
4%
1%
1%
8 yimrs
8%
8+874%
4%
2%
4%
< yimrs
8%
8x<71%
4%
=>%
<.<<%
4 yimrs
8%
8x472%
4%
=8%
<%
ripmygiet %
TF^ Tmx lme hi mvfjdid hy ripmyjeo kfme mgfuet djriltky arfg tbi sfurli fa m pirsfe‚s jelfgi tf tbi hmec mllfuet fr gfeiy kiedir‚s mllfuet arfg wbfg tbi kfme bms hiie tmcie. Tbi mvirmoi jetirist % wjkk hi kiss fe kfmes tmcie fvir kfeoir pirjfd. ^kimsi efti tbmt tbi tftmk TF^ Tmx fe mkk lfggfdjtjis/sirvjlis sbfwe mhfvi je mkk tmhkis wjkk hi mltumkky kiss. Tbi rimsfe afr tbjs js tbmt tbi mltumk TF^ Tmx fe mkk lfggfdjtjis/sirvjlis 7 4% fa purlbmsi prjli mt ritmjkir + 4% fa (dimkir prjli “ “ ritmjki ritmjkir‚s r‚s prfajt) + 4% fa (gmeuamlturir prjli “ prjli “ dimkir‚s prfajt “ gmeuamlturir “ gmeuamlturir prfajt). \f tbi tmx wjkk hi feky fe prjli fa tbi lfggfdjty/prjli med ritmjkirs prfajt feky ixlkudjeo tbi dimkir med gmeuamlturir‚s prfajts. Hut je tbi prisiet ilfefgjl systig tbi tftmk tmx lfgpfeiet fa mey lfggfdjty/sirvjli mksf jelkudis tbi tmx fe tbi ritmjkir‚s, dimkir‚s med gmeuamlturir‚s prfajts. Bieli tbi lfesugir js pmyjeo tmx eft feky fe tbi prjli fa tbi lfggfdjty/sirvjli hut mksf fe tbi tftmk prfajts fa mkk tbi pkmyirs je tbi gmrcit. \f tbi tmx js hijeo kivjid fe tbi prjli fa tbi lfggfdjty/sirvjli med mkk tbi prfajts fa ritmjkir, dimkir med gmeuamlturir lfghjeid tfoitbir. Je kjtirmk siesi tbi lfst fa mey lfggfdjty/sirvjli jelkudis tbi gmeuamlturjeo lfst, tbi tftmk prfajts, tbi jetirist lfgpfeiet, tbi tftmk tmx lfgpfeiet med lfrruptjfe lfgpfeiet. Tbi kfw jetirist rmtis, tbi kfwist tmx rmtis ef lfrruptjfe lfgpfeiet je TF^ Tmx systig wjkk iesuri tbi mvmjkmhjkjty fa lfggfdjtjis/sirvjlis mt gulb ridulid prjlis tbme je tbi prisiet systig. Tbi skmh rmti (4%) fe mkk gfeiy trmesairs js smgi med ajxid med wjkk hi mutfgmtjlmkky didultid arfg mkk mllfuets fpirmtid hy hmecs med trmesairrid tf tbi \tmti med Lietri‚s lfghjeid mllfuet (\MLLM). Tbi ftbir tmx, Lietrmk Ixljsi duty mpmrt arfg TF^ tmx, sbfukd hi jgpfsid bimvjky fe tbrii jtigs-- ljomrittis, kjqufr med lmrs sf ms tf djslfurmoi pifpki arfg sgfcjeo, mklfbfk lfesugptjfe med tf dilfeoist rfmds je lfuetrjis wbiri pfpukmtjfe diesjty js viry bjob.
^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi 8:
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
_jtb kfw tmx rmtis je tbi TF^ Tmx systig wbie lfgpmrid wjtb prisiet tmxmtjfe systig, tbi ofviregiet wjkk bmvi tbi gmxjgug gmefiuvrmhjkjty je tftmk dilfetrfkkjeo fa tbi ritmjk prjlis fa pitrfk med djisik wbjki mkjoejeo dfgistjl prjlis wjtb okfhmk feis. Ivie wjtb tftmk dilfetrfk fa tbi prjlis fa pitrfk med djisik, tbi prjlis wjkk hi mt pmr fr hikfw tbi prisiet prjlis, tftmkky wjpjeo fut tbi uedir rilfvirjis fa tbi gm`fr puhkjl siltfr fjk lfgpmejis med suhstmetjmkky dilrimsjeo tbi kivik fa ofviregiet suhsjdjis.
4.
Fpirmtjeo lfst fa tbi TF^ Tmx systig0 Afr ixmgpki Jedjm (8>>:)
Tbi tftmk eughir fa Hmecs/sirvjli lietris (^rjvmti& ^uhkjl) tf hi prfvjdid uedir TF^ tmx systig (m hmec afr iviry 8>>> pfpukmtjfe) pfpukmtjfe) wjkk hi mrfued 9, >>,>>>. Yedir prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig Xipf rmti 7 <.>>, rivirsi ripf rmti 7 8.>>, LXX 7 9%, \tmtutfry Kjqujdjty Xmtjf (\KX) 7 84%, ^rjgi Kiedjeo Xmti (^KX) 7 8% pir meeug up tf Xs. => kmcbs med 4% pir meeug afr mhfvi Xs.=> kmcbs. Mkk ajouris mri mpprfxjgmtid Eughir fa Hmec hrmelbis/sirvjli lietris riqujrid 9,>>,>>> Eughir fa Igpkfyiis riqujrid (=x<)
M0 Fpirmtjeo lfst pir yimr0
=9,>>,>>> Xupiis je lrfris
Tmhki -M =9>>>>> igpkfyiis smkmrjis (Xs =9,>>> pir gfetb afr imlb igpkfyii) afr tbi yimr {=9>>>>>Efs. x =9>>>Xs. x =8gfetbs}
8?,>>>
Ms gfst fa tbi hmec hrmelbis/sirvjli lietris wjkk hi istmhkjsbid Je rurmk mrims, vjkkmois, guejljpmkjtjis, tfwesbjps, lfkfejis, mvirmoi riet pir hrmelb wjkk hi mrfued Xs =>,>>> pir gfetb Tftmk lfst fa riet pir meeug {9>>>>>hrmelbis x =>>>> Xs. x =8gfetbs} ikiltrjljty hjkk pir meeug {9>>>>>hrmelbis x =>>>> Xs. x =8gfetbs}
1>>>
\tmtjfemry lbmrois pir meeug {9>>>>>hrmelbis x =>>>> Xs. x =8gfetbs}
1,>>>
Gmjetiemeli jelk. jetireit {9>>>>>hrmelbis x =>>>> Xs. x =8gfetbs}
1,>>>
Tftmk Fpirmtjeo Lfst pir Zimr
9=,>>>
1,>>>
Yedir TF^ tmx systig mkk jetirist rmtis wjkk hi rigfvid fe Tjgi dipfsjts med digmed dipfsjts. Matir istmhkjsbjeo suaajljiet eughir fa hmecs/sirvjli lietris hy tbi Ofviregiet wjtb tbi bikp fa prjvmti siltfr hmecs med ajemeljmk jestjtutjfes, mkk tbi ljtjzies fa Jedjm eiid tf hi mscid tf dipfsjt mkk tbi lurriely eftis fa =>>>, 9>>, =>> med 9> rupiis ixlipt 8>, =>, 9, 8 rupii eftis/lfjes, mvmjkmhki wjtb tbig je tbisi hmecs je tbijr Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) fr \uh \mvjeos Mllfuets (\\M) wjtbje m stjpukmtid tjgi fa <> dmys. Mkk prisietky rue smvjeos mllfuets med lurriet mllfuets wfukd hi lfevirtid je tf \uh \mvjeos Mllfuets (\\Ms) wjtb tbi smgi mllfuet eughirs med lme hi fpirmtid arfg tbi smgi hmecs. \jgjkmrky, pifpki wbf bmvi gfeiy je tbi ajxid dipfsjts med ADXs wjkk bmvi tf trmesair mkk tbijr gfeiy arfg tbisi ajxid dipfsjts med ADXs tf tbijr rispiltjvi eiwky ojvie G\Ms fr eiwky fpieid/lfevirtid \\Ms wjtbje tbi smgi stjpukmtid pirjfd fa <> dmys. ^ifpki wjkk bmvi tf spied ixmltky tbi mgfuet tbiy imreid/smvid med eft m pieey gfri (oft hy vjrtui fa jetirist sf amr) ms med wbie med je ^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi <>
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
wbmtivir gmeeir tbiy wmet. ^kimsi sii pmoi 4 tf 1. Ixlipt tbi gjejsluki pmrt fa tbi gfeiy je pbysjlmk afrg fa Xs. 8> med Xs. => futsjdi tbi systig, tbi ietjri gfeiy fa pifpki med Ofviregiet wjkk hi jesjdi tbi TF^ Tmx systig je tbi hmecs je djojtmk/eugirjlmk vmkui je tbrii typis fa mllfuets G\M, \\M, LME. Tbi buoi gfeiy mvmjkmhki wjtb tbi hmecs wjkk hi kiet mt kfw jetirist rmtis. Tbi prjgi kiedjeo rmtis wjkk hi 8% sjgpki jetirist pir meeug up tf Xs. =>, >>,>>> med feky 4% sjgpki jetirist pir meeug fe mgfuets mhfvi Xs. =>, >>,>>>. H0 Jelfgis tbrfuob Jetirists uedir TF^ tmx systig systig Xupiis je lrfris
Mkk ajouris dirjvid arfg 8>>: mpprfxjgmti istjgmtis istjgmtis Tftmk tirg dipfsjts fa mkk hmecs (istjgmtid)
82,99,?2:
Digmed dipfsjts (istjgmtid)
9,?4,4>2
Yedir TF^ tmx systig mkk eftis =,>>>, 9>>, =>> med 9> rupii eftis mvmjkmhki wjtb pifpki wjkk bmvi tf hi dipfsjtid je tbijr Gmje \mvjeos 1,><:,9? Mllfuet (G\M) fr \uh \mvjeos Mllfuet (\\M). Mkk eftis ixlipt 8, 9, => med 8> rupii eftis eiid tf hi digfeitjsid. digfeitjsid. Tftmk istjgmtid istjgmtid lurriely wjtb puhkjl med wjkk hi dipfsjtid je tbi G\Ms med \\Ms Tftmk dipfsjts (istjgmtid) 4>,<4,=94 Mgfuet tf hi dipfsjtid mt Xisirvi Hmec fa Jedjm (XHJ) LXX Xmti 9%
8,>=,?>?
Hmkmeli Mgfuet mvmjkmhki mt tbi hmecs
<2,<8,44?
Mgfuet mvmjkmhki tf hi ojvie ms lridjt tf tbi hfrrfwirs j.i. ?1%
8:,=8,91:
Mgfuet dipfsjtid je tbi afrg fa Ofviregiet mpprfvid silurjtjis/hfeds (\KX 7 84%) (H)Mvo. ^KX wjkk hi <% med tftmk jetirist mllruid pir meeug arfg hfrrfwirs med Ofviregiet mpprfvid silurjtjis/hfeds wjkk hi (mpprx) (M)Tftmk fpirmtjeo lfst fa tbi TF^ Tmx systig
:,12,=:1
L0 ^rfajt arfg mkk tbi hrmelbis (H-M) Eit prfajt arfg mkk tbi hrmelbis/hmecjeo sirvjli lietris
=,=4,:?< 9=,>>>
Xupiis je lrfris
1<,:?<
D0 je mddjtjfe, tbi afkkfwjeo mssugid/istjgmtid/ pfssjhki mddjtjfemk rivieuis sbmkk mdd up tf hmec hrmelbis/sirvjli lietris ms afkkfws0 Xupiis je lrfris Huyjeo fa kmeds, pkfts, akmts med ftbir prfpirtjis wjkk bmvi tf hi gmdi tbrfuob tbisi hmecs (sii pmoi Ef. =>, \k. Ef.:). Tbi riojstrmtjfe lbmrois wjkk hi Xs =,>>> pir mlri/<>> sq. ymrds fa pkft, =,>>> sq. aiit fa akmt med pmrt tbirifa. Tbisi lbmrois lme hi ritmjeid hy tbisi hmecs. Tbi =,>>> istjgmtid rivieui arfg tbisi trmesmltjfes wjkk hi (mpprfx) Eit ^rfajt arfg mkk tbi hrmelbis/sirvjli lietris (L+D) (L+D) Xupiis je lrfris Eit prfajt arfg mkk tbi hmec hrmelbis/sirvjli lietris
14,:?<
Tbi tftmk prfajts (me istjgmtid 14,:?<lrfris) oft hy mkk tbi hmecs/ sirvjli lietris wjkk hi gfri tbme iefuob eft feky tf fpirmti tbig hut mksf tf lmrry med giit mkk tbi fh`iltjvis fa TF^ Tmx systig j.i., prfvjdjeo mkk hmsjl sirvjlis tf pifpki mt mhsfkutiky arii fa lfst.
^kimsi vjsjt
www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lfg www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lf g
^moi <=
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
9.................. 9....... ...............Lfgpmrm ....Lfgpmrmtjvi tjvi study fa Tmx rivieuis0 ------Tbi lfgpmrmtjvi study fa Lietri‚s Lietri‚s tmx tmx rivieuis uedir prisiet systig wjtb rispilt tf 8>>:-'=> uejfe Hudoit istjgmtis med tbi prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig. Yedir tbi prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig tbi TF^ Tmx wjkk hi 4%x<7=8% fa HI 8>>:-‒=> 8>>:-‒=> OD^ 92,91,91:lrfris ms imlb imlb lfggfdjty lfggfdjty fr sirvjli wjkk hi trmesmltid wjkk tr mt me mvirmoi mvirmoi fa tbrii tbrii tjgis(gmeuamlt tjgis(gmeuamlturir/sirvjli urir/sirvjli prfvjdir, dimkir med ritmjkir) . mesmltid mt Tmhki Ef0 <--------------------Xupiis je lrfris \f TF^ Tmx 74%x<7=8% fa92, 91, 91: (OD^) HI 8>>:8>>:-‒=> ‒=> ?, >8, ?22 Mkk \tmtis sbmri7?>%fa?, >8,?22lrfris 4, :=,:9= Lietrmk Ofviregiet‚s Ofviregiet‚s sbmri7<>%fa ?, >8,?22 >8,?22 8, =>, 2<1 Lietrmk Ofviregiet‚s Tmx rivieuis (8>>:-=> (8>>: -=> HI) Xs. je lrfris Xivieui uedir Xivieui uedir \. Typi fa prisiet systig prfpfsid TF^ Tmx Ef Tmx systig = Tfp tmx 8,=>,2<1 8 Lfrpfrmtjfe tmx 8,91,?89 8,91,?89 < Tmxis fe jelfgi ftbir tbme =,>1,2>> lfrpfrmtjfe tmx 4 Tmxis fe wimktb 4=89 9 \ilurjtjis trmesmltjfe tmx 1,>>> 1 Lustfgs/Jgpfrt duty :2,>>> :2,>>> ? Hmec lmsb trmesmltjfe tmx 9> 2 Yejfe ixljsi duty =,>1,4?? : \irvjli tmx 19,>>> => Tmxis fa Yejfe Tirrjtfrjis wjtbfut =,1>8 Kiojskmturis Tftmk 1,4=,>?: 9,19,91= Djaairieli hitwiie twf systigs -?9,9=2lrfris Mktbfuob tbi Lietrmk Ofviregiet‚s tmx rivieuis uedir rivieuis uedir prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig mri m kjttki kissir tbme tbmt fa tmx rivieuis uedir tbi prisiet tmx systig, jt wjkk hi gfri tbme lfgpiesmtid hy tbi afkkfwjeo amltfrs. Yedir prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig tbi tmx lfkkiltjfe ixpiedjturi js mkgfst zirf. \jgjkmrky tbi buoi jetirist hurdie fe jetiremk hfrrfwjeos wjkk hi ridulid tf fei tbjrd kiviks. ^kimsi sii pmoi =? tf 8> uedir siltjfe ‛Fpirmtjeo lfst fa TF^ Tmx systig‗. Yedir prisiet systig tbi tmx lfkkiltjfe ixpiedjturi fa lietrmk Ixljsi duty, sirvjli tmx med mkk \tmtis lfggirljmk tmx lfkkiltjfe ixpiedjturis suppfsid suppfsid tf hi gfri tbme Xs =>>>>lrfris. Lietrmk Ixljsi duty fe lmrs, tfhmllf prfdults med sfat drjecs bms eft hiie mddid tf tbi tmx rivieuis fa prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig. Tbi \tmtis‚ sbmri fa rivieuis arfg tbi prfpfsid TF^ Tmx wjkk hi (Xs =, 1<,>8: lrfris) gfri tbme tbi tmx rivieuis uedir tbi prisiet systig. \ii Tmhki Ef0 4 ojvie hikfw. Yedir prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig tbi fvirmkk \tmtis tmx rivieui sbmris arfg Yejfe tmxis med dutjis (jelkudjeo TF^ Tmx sbmri) wjkk hi gfri (Xs.:8, 1=2lrfris) tbme uedir prisiet systig.
^kimsi sii Tmhki Ef0 9.
^kimsi vjsjt
www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lfg www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lf g
^moi <8
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Yedir tbi prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig tbiri wjkk hi ef tmx ivmsjfe, uemllfuetid/sbmdfw trmesmltjfes, hkmlc gfeiy med amci lurriely mt mkk. Ja wi tmci jetf mllfuet tbi uemllfuetid uemllfuetid OD^ fa Jedjm, tbi mltumk OD^ wfukd bmvi hiie gfri tbme tbi istjgmtid OD^ uedir prisiet systig. \f tbi prfpfsid TF^ Tmx rivieuis mllruid arfg mltumk OD^ wjkk hi gfri (mkgfst dfuhki) tbme tbmt mltumkky sbfwe je tbi tmhkis. Tbi prfpfsid ^rfajt Tmx (^T) bms eft hiie mddid tf tbi istjgmtid tmx rivieuis uedir prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig, ms jt js eft cefwe tbi ixmlt ^rfajt Tmx mvmjkmhki uetjk tbi TF^ Tmx systig hilfgis fpirmtjfemk. Tbi lfgpmrmtjvi study fa tmx rivieuis fa mkk stmtis uedir prisiet systig wjtb rispilt tf 8>>2-‒‒>: hudoit istjgmtis 8>>2istjgmtis med uedir tbi tbi prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig. Yedir tbi prfpfsid prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig tbi TF^ Tmx wjkk hi 4%< 7 =8%fa HI 8>>:- ‒=> OD^ vmkui vmkui fa 92,91,91: lrfris lrfris ms imlb lfggfdjty lfggfdjty fr sirvjli wjkk hi trmesmltid trmesmltid mt me mvirmoi mvirmoi fa tbrii tjgis (je tbi gmeuamlturir/sirvjli gmeuamlturir/si rvjli prfvjdir, dimkir med ritmjkir lbmje) TF^ Tmx 74%x<7=8%fa 92, 91, 91:lrfris (OD^) (HI 8>>:-‒=>) 8>>:- ‒=>) ?, >8, ?22lrfris Mkk \tmtis sbmri7?>%fa ?, >8, ?22lrfris 4, :=, :9=lrfris Tmhki Ef0 4 Xupiis je Lrfris Yedir ^rfpfsid Tfp Yedir ^risiet \ystig Zimr 8>>2‒>:(HI)
Mkk \tmtis Djrilt 48,?44
Tftmk Jedjrilt 8,21,=?2
<,82,:88
tmx systig Mkk \tmtis \bmri 4,:=,:9=
Tfp tmx
Djaairieli hitwiie twf systigs 7=,1<,>8: lrfris
Tbi \tmtis‚ sbmri fa rivieuis arfg tbi prfpfsid prfp fsid TF^ Tmx wjkk hi (Xs =, 1<,>8: lrfris) gfri tbme tbi tmx rivieuis uedir tbi prisiet systig. Lfgpmrmtjvi study fa mkk stmtis eit prfliids fa uejfe tmxis med dutjis uedir prisiet systig med prfpfsid ‛Tfp tmx systig Tmhki Ef0 9 Xupiis je Lrfris Mkk stmtis tmx rivieuis sbmris arfg Yejfe tmxis med dutjis afr Yedir prfpfsid H.I. 8>>:-‒=> 8>>:-‒=> ‛Tfp tmx systig‗ systig‗ \. Typi fa Tmx \bmri \bmri Mgfuet Ef =. 8. <. 4. 9. 1. ?. 2. :.
Mgfuet 11,44?.1= <8,<?1.18 1<.19 8?,9><.== =2,998.:9 =:,482.9> -1.?> -<.:1 =,14,<1=.?2
Lfrpfrmtjfe tmx Jelfgi tmx _imktb tmx Lustfgs duty Yejfe ixljsi duty \irvjli tmx Ftbir tmxis med dutjis Ixpiedjturi tmx Tftmk Mkk stmti rivieuis (Djrilt med Jedjrilt) 8>>2-‚>: 8>>2‚>: H.I. H.I. <,82,:88.>>
=>.
^rfpfsid ‛Tfp tmx systig‗ ^rfpfsid systig‗ Ormed Tftmk 4,:<,82<.?2 Djaairieli hitwiie twf systigs7 Xs.:8,1=2 lrfris ^kimsi vjsjt
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11,44?.1= 8?,9><.== :<,:9>.28 4,:=,:9=.>> 9,29,:>=.>>
^moi <<
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Yedir prfpfsid TF^ Tmx systig fvir mkk \tmtis tmx rivieui sbmris arfg Yejfe tmxis med dutjis (jelkudjeo TF^ Tmx sbmri) wjkk hi gfri (Xs.:8, 1=2lrfris) tbme uedir prisiet systig.
1................... 1.................
Mdvmetmois fa TF^ tmx systig0
Tbiri js me istjgmtid lurriely fa 1,8?,1:1 lrfris je ljrlukmtjfe (8<,?<:lrfris je hmecs med 1,><,:9?lrfris wjtb puhkjl) je tbi lfuetry med wjtb tbi mdfptjfe fa tbi TF^ tmx systig, mkk tbi mvmjkmhki lurriely eftis ixlipt Xs.8, Xs.9, Xs.=>, med Xs.8> eftis wjtb tbi puhkjl wjkk bmvi tf hi dipfsjtid je tbijr Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet/\uh \mvjeos Mllfuets je tbi hmecs. Bieliafrtb mkk eftis ixlipt Xs.8, Xs.9, Xs. => med Xs. 8> eftis wjkk hi digfeitjsid. Tbiri wjkk hi ef gfeiy je tbi afrg fa hkmlc gfeiy med amci lurriely hftb futsjdi med jesjdi tbi TF^ Tmx systig. Mkk tbi gfeiy med wimktb, oieirmtid hy tbi jedjvjdumks, wjkk bmvi tf hi lfestmetky ljrlukmtid, usid, med trmesairrid trmesairrid jeduljeo ormvjtmtjfe wjtbje tbjs systig. systig. Ef gfeiy lme islmpi arfg tbi tbi pfwirauk ormvjtmtjfemk pukk fa tbi TF^ Tmx systig jetf tbi futir spmli (ftbir lfuetrjis) tbrfuob bmwmkm, gfeiy kmuedirjeo fr ftbir jkkiomk wmys. Tbi gjejsluki pmrt fa gfeiy je tbi pbysjlmk afrg (lurriely eftis) wjkk mlt ms me Fzfei kmyir tf prftilt tbi TF^ Tmx systig arfg bmrgauk Y Q rmys med rmdjmtjfe (tirrfrjst med gjkjtmet mltjvjtjis) arfg futir spmli (ftbir lfuetrjis). Tbi TF^ Tmx systig suooists tftmk rigfvmk fa jetirist rmtis fe mkk digmed dipfsjts (smvjeos) med ajxid dipfsjts. Tbi buoi mvmjkmhjkjty mvmjkmhjkjty fa gfeiy wjtb wjtb tbi hmecs wjkk gmci jt pfssjhki tf ojvi kfmes mt tbi kfwist jetirist rmtis. Mkk tbi siejfr ljtjzies mhfvi tbi moi fa 19 yimrs wjtb ef fr pmktry jelfgis, pbysjlmkky lbmkkieoid, vjsumkky lbmkkieoid, med frpbmes wfukd hi ojvie gfetbky piesjfes. Tf cefw bfw tbjs js pfssjhki, pkimsi sii pmoi eughir =? tf 8=. 8= . Tbi TF^ Tmx systig suooists tbi afkkfwjeo ^rjgi Kiedjeo Xmtis0 Gmxjgug fa 8% sjgpki jetirist pir meeug wjkk hi kivjid fe mkk kfmes up tf Xs. => kmcbs (tmcie afr morjlukturi, idulmtjfe, sgmkk slmki jedustrjis, vibjlkis, bfusi, akmts, pkfts, fr mey ftbir purpfsi. Gmxjgug fa 4% sjgpki jetirist pir meeug wjkk hi kivjid fe mkk kfmes gfri tbme Xs. => kmcbs (tmcie afr morjlukturi, jedustry, husjeiss, idulmtjfe, vibjlkis, akmt, pkfts fr mey ftbir purpfsi) Tbi prjvmti kiedirs wbf bmvi hiie ixmltjeo bimvy jetirist rmtis bjtbirtf mri afrlid tf riduli tbijr jetirist rmti uedir tbi TF^ tmx systig afr tbi afkkfwjeo rimsfe. Tbi ^KXkiedjeo rmtis wjkk hi 8% wjkk pir hi meeug tf sgfftbir. Xs. => kmcbs med 4% pir meeug fvir Xs. => kmcbs medhmec gfeiy hy hmecs amstirup med Amrgirs wbf tmci lrfp kfmes afr cbmrjaa fr Xmhj up tf Xs. => kmcbs wjkk hi mkkfwid tf pmy jetirist feky mt tbi ied fa tbi yimr tf rieiw tbijr kfmes je frdir tf mvfjd TF^ tmx. Kfme tmcirs wjkk bmvi tbi fptjfe fa ripmyjeo tbijr kfmes arfg tbi sfurli fa tbijr jelfgi djriltky tf hmecirs fr gfeiy kiedirs afr smci fa mvfjdjeo Tfp T fp tmx. Oittjeo kfmes arfg hmecs wjkk hi gulb imsjir amstir med sgfftbir. Lustfgirs eiid eft prfduli dflugiets, I.L‚s, kiomk fpjejfe‚s itl., afr fhtmjejeo kfmes. Dipiedjeo Dipiedjeo upfe tbi kfme mgfuet, tbi hmec gmemoirs wjkk eiid tf put tbi mpprfprjmti mssit mgfeo tbi lustfgir‚s lustfgir‚s prfpirty bfkdjeo je bjs/bir bjs/bir Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M) uedir gfrtomoi med lme smeltjfe tbi kfme wjtbfut mey dikmy. Ms jetirist rmtis mri viry kfw mt 4%pir meeug tbi jedustrjmk prfdults wjkk hilfgi lbimpir med lfgpitjtjvi je jetiremtjfemk gmrcits. \f tbi ixpfrts wjkk hi suhstmetjmkky jelrimsid tbirihy, dilrimsjeo tbi wjdi omp je tbi hmkmeli fa pmygiets. Ms m risukt tbjs eiw systig gmy gmci Jedjm me ilfefgjl supir pfwir je ef tjgi.
^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi <4
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Iviry systig bms jts fwe jetrjlmljis ighiddid mt tbi jejtjmk stmois hut tbi birmkd fa kfw jetirist rmtis3 kfwir tmx rmtis, tbi kfwist prjlis med mhfvi mkk hittir tmx rivieui lfkkiltjfes wjkk faasit mkk burdkis tbirihy kimdjeo tf gulb hittir qumkjty med kfeoivjty fa kjai tbme uedir prisiet systig. Tbjs eiw systig gmy eft hi imsjky lfgpribiedid eft hilmusi fa jts lfgpkixjty hut hilmusi fa jts supir sjgpkjljty. Hut feli tbjs systig js mdfptid med jgpkigietid pifpki wjkk skfwky med stimdjky oit mllustfgid tf tbi eiw systig ie`fyjeo tbi trui hieiajts fa oieujei digflrmly med ajedjeo tbig jggirsid je iomkjtmrjme sfljity arii arfg lfrruptjfe, pfvirty pfvirty med aimr. Tbi uktjgmti fh`iltjvis fh`iltjvis fa prfvjdjeo iqumk fppfrtuejtjis, fppfrtuejtjis, iqujtmhki djstrjhutjfe fa risfurlis med wimktb, arii idulmtjfe med bimktb lmri sirvjlis tf mkk ljtjzies, jrrispiltjvi fa lmsti, lriid med rikjojfe, lme hi mlbjivid feky wjtb tbi mdfptjfe med jgpkigietmtjfe fa tbi TF^ Tmx systig. _jtb sjeoki tmx afr hftb Lietri med \tmtis lfghjeid med wjtbfut lbilc pfsts, tbi TF^ Tmx systig wjkk hrimc mkk tmx med trmespfrt hmrrjirs hitwiie \tmtis amljkjtmtjeo bmsski arii gfvigiet fa offds arfg fei pkmli tf meftbir, jetiormtjeo Jedjm tbrfuob iqumk djstrjhutjfe fa tmx rivieuis. Tbi TF^ Tmx systig‚s tmx hmsi js sf wjdi tbmt jt lfukd oieirmti gfri tmx rivieuis wjtb gjejgug skmh rmti med tbi tftmk tmx lfgpfeiet fa offds/sirvjli wjkk hi viry kfw wbie lfgpmrid tf tbi ixjstjeo tmx systig. Je tbi prisiet systig tbi rjlb mri oittjeo rjlbir yimr matir yimr hy oittjeo jetirists fe tbijr tjgi dipfsjts med ajxid dipfsjts, wbjki tbi pffr mri oittjeo pffrir yimr matir yimr wbjki pmyjeo bjob jetirists fe tbi kfmes tmcie hy tbig. Tbi wjdi omp hitwiie tbi rjlb med tbi pffr lme hi hrjdoid wjtb tbi rigfvmk fa jetirist rmtis fe tjgi dipfsjts, digmed dipfsjts (smvjeos jetirists) med lfesiquietky kfw ^KX je tbi TF^ Tmx systig. _jtb tbi mvmjkmhjkjty fa gfeiy mt tbi kfwist prjgi kiedjeo rmtis, tbi prjlis fa lfggfdjtjis, sirvjlis med morjlukturi prfduli wjkk hilfgi lbimpir, iebmeljeo tbi huyjeo lmpmljty fa tbi pifpki. M dmy gmy suriky lfgi wbie mkk emtjfes wjkk bmvi ef ftbir fptjfe hut tf mllipt med jgpkigiet tbjs eiw tmxmtjfe systig.
?.
\yefpsjs0 - Tftmk djrilt hieiajts med mdvmetmois fa TF^ Tmx systig
fvir prisiet ilfefgjl systig \.
Gmje aimturis
Hieiajts/mdvmetmois (rfuob istjgmtis je Jedjm) Tbi ajouris vmry je djaairiet lfuetrjis.
=
Ef Jelfgi tmx
8
Ef lietrmk Ixljsi duty =) Me istjgmtid 9> kmcb husjeiss pirsfes wbf rue hy Lietri med ef smkis husjeiss/jedustry wjkk hieiajt ms tbiy eiid eft gmjetmje tmx/QMT hy \tmtis mllfuet hffcs, smkis kjsts med stflc kjsts itl., 8) Ef mllfuetjeo med mudjtjeo riqujrid afr mey typi fa husjeiss fr jedustry.
^kimsi vjsjt
Istjgmtid <.9lrfri pifpki wbf bmvi tmxmhki jelfgis tbrfuob smkmry fr husjeiss fr jedustry fr rigueirmtjfe wjkk hieiajt ms tbiy eiid eft hftbir tf suhgjt Jelfgi Tmx ritures meeumkky.
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^moi <9
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
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Ef wmy hjkks med lbilc ?. =) Me istjgmtid 49 kmcbs trulc fweirs wjkk hieiajt ms tbiy eiid eft pmy hrjhis mt lbilc pfsts. Tbiy eiid eft lmrry pfsts wmy hjkks wbjki trmespfrtjeo lfggfdjtjis arfg fei pkmli tf meftbir pkmli je Jedjm. 2. 8) Me istjgmtid 2.:<lrfri amrgirs wjkk hieiajt ms tbiy lme trmespfrt tbijr morjlukturi prfduli arfg meywbiri tf meywbiri je Jedjm med sikk tbijr prfduli mt gmrcit prjlis.
4
Ef lmpjtmk omjes tmx
:. Mkk pifpki fa tbi lfuetry wjkk hieiajt ms tbiy lme sikk fr huy gfvmhki fr jggfvmhki prfpirtjis mt tbijr wjkk.
9
Xs =>>>, Xs 9>>, Xs =>>, Xs 9> eftis wjkk hi digfeitjsid
_jtb kjgjtid pmpir lurriely (feky >.4% fa tftmk mvmjkmhki mgfuet fa gfeiy je tbi ilfefgjl systig) med ::.1% fa digmtirjmkjsid gfeiy, tbiri wjkk hi ef amci lurriely, ef hkmlc gfeiy, ef lfrruptjfe, ef rmesfgs, ef ixtfrtjfes med ef rfhhirjis. Tbi OD^ wjkk hi tftmkky mllfuetid.
1
Hmecjeo sirvjli iviry 8>>> pifpki
afr
=) ^ifpki lme oit trmje, hus, mjr tjlcits arfg tbisi eimrist sirvjli lietris. 8) ^ifpki lme pmy ikiltrjljty hjkks, tikipbfei hjkks, bfusi tmxis, wmtir liss itl., je tbisi eimrist sirvjli lietris. lietris. <) ^ifpki lme oit oit mkk suhsjdjis med rikjia aueds djriltky arfg tbi ofviregiet tbrfuob tbisi hmecs. 4) Jdietjajlmtjfe fa tbi H^K amgjkjis med prfpir Jgpkigietmtjfe fa wikamri slbigis wjkk hilfgi imsy.
?
Mkk pirsfes mhfvi tbi moi fa =9 wjkk bmvi bjs/bir fwe Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet (G\M)
=) ^ifpki lme oit mkk suhsjdjis, rikjia aueds med ftbirs ormetid hy tbi Ofviregiet, djriltky arfg tbisi hmecjeo sirvjli lietris. 8) M sipmrmti liesus prfliss wjkk eft hi eiidid mt iviry dilmdi. <) Arisb ikiltfrmk vftir kjsts (Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuets kjsts arfg hmecs) wjkk hi mvmjkmhki fe mey ojvie dmy. 4) Ef hfous vftjeo wjkk hi pfssjhki. 9) Ef jkkiomk gjormtjfe lme hi pfssjhki.
2
Ef jetirist rmtis fe ajxid dipfsjts med digmed dipfsjts
^kimsi vjsjt
=) Gfeiy wjkk hi imsjky mvmjkmhki afr husjeiss fr pirsfemk usi mt kfw jetirist rmtis fa 8% pir meeug. Lfesiquietky tbi prjlis fa lfggfdjtjis wjkk lfgi dfwe. 8) Tbi omp hitwiie tbi rjlb med tbi pffr wjkk hi emrrfwid dfwe. <) Jetirists smvid fe Ofviregiet‚s Ofviregiet‚s jetiremk hfrrfwjeos jetiremk hfrrfwjeos sbmkk hi usid fe arii idulmtjfe med arii bimktb lmri sirvjlis afr mkk pifpki.
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^moi <1
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
:
Tbi Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuets (G\M) mri vjrtumkky tbi di-gmt mllfuets afr bfkdjeo gfeiy, sbmris, kmeds, pkfts, akmts, vibjlkis, ofkd, `iwikkiry med mkk ftbir gfvmhki med jggfvmhki prfpirtjis.
=>
Tbiri wjkk hi feky fei lfgpuksfry Tmx lmkkid lmkkid TF^ Tmx. Afr iviry trmesair fa mgfuet, m 4% Trmesair Fr ^urlbmsi tmx (TF^ Tmx) fa tbmt mgfuet wjkk hi mutfgmtjlmkky didultid arfg bjs/bir G\M/\\M mllfuet. Tbjs 4% tmx mgfuet fe iviry lmsb trmesmltjfe tbrfuob G\M/\\M/LME arfg mkk hmecs je m pmrtjlukmr \tmti wjkk of tf tbi lfghjeid mllfuet fa \tmti med
=) Kmed lijkjeo mlt lme hi strjltky jgpkigietid. 8) Guktjpki sikkjeo fa tbi smgi prfpirty tf djaairiet pifpki wjkk eft hi pfssjhki. <) Yemutbfrjsid sikkjeo/purlbmsi fa ftbir pirsfe‚s prfpirty wjtbfut bjs/bir lfesiet wjkk eft hi pfssjhki. 4) Tbiri wjkk hi ef kmed ormhhjeo med kmed gmajm. 9) Yedir vmkumtjfe fa tbi prfpirty wjkk eft hi pfssjhki. 1) Tbiri wjkk hi uejafrg riojstrmtjfe lbmrois tbrfuobfut tbi lfuetry. ?) Oittjeo kfmes arfg hmecs med prjvmti gfeiy kiedirs wjkk hi amr imsjir, amstir med bmsski arii.
Tbiri wjkk hi ef guktjpki Jedjrilt med Djrilt tmxis. =) Tbiri wjkk hi mhsfkutiky ef eiid tf bmvi djaairiet tmx lfkkiltjfe
Lietri je tbmt pmrtjlukmr \tmti. <>% fa tbjs mgfuet arfg iviry dipmrtgiets hy \tmtis \tmti med Lietri‚ lfghjeid mllfuet (\MLLM) wjkk of tf Lietrmk med Lietri. 8) \f tmx ofviregiet pffk mllfuet. Tbi rigmjejeo ?>% wjkk hi ritmjeid lfkkiltjfe ixpiedjturi hy tbi rispiltjvi \tmti ofviregiets. Lfkkiltjfe Fa TF^ Tmx wjkk hi zirf. <) Tbiri med mvfjdmhki ^rfajt tmx wjkk hi dfei hy hmecs. Xipimt0 - M 4% wjkk hi ef tmx ivmsjfe fa Trmesair Fr ^urlbmsi tmx fe imlb lmsb trmesmltjfe/trmesairs, med hkmlc gfeiy.4) jrrispiltjvi fa tbi rimsfe fr purpfsi afr tbmt trmesair, Tbiri wjkk hi ef tmx fpirmtid tbrfuob Gmje \mvjeos Mllfuet/\uh \mvjeos lfgpkjmeli lfst afr Mllfuet/Lfrpfrmti Mllfuet Eughir, med fpirmtid hy mey ljtjzies. hmec fr sirvjli lietri, wjkk hi mutfgmtjlmkky didultid arfg tbmt mllfuet med trmesairrid tf \tmti med Lietri‚s lfghjeid mllfuet (\MLLM). Gmtirjmk med gitbfds3 - Tbjs mrtjlki mrtjlki wms hfrei fut fa tbfuobtauk tbfuobtauk ixirljsi fvir tbi yimrs ms vjiwid hy m kmygme mt tbi tbi orfued kivik. Mkk tbi jdims med med gitbfds suooistid je je tbi mrtjlki wiri dirjvid arfg gy puri jgmojemtjfe med risimrlb wfrc, med eft hfrrfwid arfg mey issmy, tbifry fr kjtirmturi wrjttie hy ftbir mutbfrs. Bieli ef riairielis wiri gmdi tf kjtirmturi. Djslkmjgir0 Mktbfuob lmriauk mttietjfe bms hiie pmjd tf iviry ditmjk sf tbmt tbjs TF^ Tmx systig mdbiris tf pirailt aueltjfejeo fa ofviremeli mjgid mt rigfvjeo lfrruptjfe, pfvirty med jeiqumkjty, tbiri gmy hi sfgi jemdvirtietky ietirid irrfrs. \fgi fa tbi amlts, ajouris med stmtigiets je tbi mhfvi mrtjlki mri hfre fut fa gy puri jgmojemtjfe med gmy eft eilissmrjky hi trui fr prmltjlmhki.
YXK0-- YXK0--
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Xm`m Qiecmtm Emomrmg, Oudjvmdm ^fst, vjm ^idmougg ^idmougguku, uku, Qjsmcbmpmtemg Dt., JEDJM ^JE0 9<=>2< ^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi <?
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Je tbi suooistid TF^ Tmx systig tbiri wjkk hi ef Djrilt tmxis med Jedjrilt tmxis ixlipt TF^ Tmx. Trmdirs, gmeuamlturirs, trmespfrtirs, dimkirs, ritmjkirs, viedfrs, lfetrmltfrs, sirvjli prfvjdirs med mkk ftbirs wjkk eft eiid tf gmjetmje mllfuet hffcs, smkis kjsts, stflc kjsts, wmy hjkks itl itl
Ximd aukk mrtjlki arfg-- arfg-- bttp0//www.tmxmtjferiafrgs.lfg bttp0//www.tmxmtjferiafrgs.lfg
^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi <2
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Je tbi suooistid TF^ Tmx systig tbiri wjkk hi ef tmx lfkkiltjfe ixpiedjturi afr tbi Ofviregiet med ef tmx lfgpkjmeli lfsts afr tbi pifpki. ? hjkkjfe pifpki fa tbi wfrkd wjkk hi rikjivid arfg tbi lfhwih fa mghjoufus med lfgpkix tmx strulturis, pkitbfrm fa tmx kmws, gmedmtfry med lughirsfgi mllfuetjeo, mudjtjeo, tmx ritures med lfesiquiet qumogjri fa mkk tmx rikmtid lmsis. Tmxmtjfe, tmx lfkkiltjfe, tmx ieafrligiet, tmx lfgpkjmeli, mkkflmtjfe fa
^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi <:
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
rivieuis tf vmrjfus gjejstrjis fr dipmrtgiets med gfeiy suppky jetf tbi ilfefgy mri uejajid med jetiormtid je tbi hmecjeo systig.
Tbjs eiw ilfefgjl systig jevfkvjeo m eiw tmx systig wjtbfut guktjpki tmxis, tmx kmws, tmx lfkkiltjfe dipmrtgiets, tmx trjhuemks med tmx ieafrligiet moieljis, ievjsmois 8> tf <> % gfri rivieuis tbme prisietky mllrujeo arfg guktjpki tmxis lfkkiltid hy djaairiet tmx lfkkiltjfe dipmrtgiets/moieljis. Ximd aukk mrtjlki arfg-- arfg-- bttp0//www.tmxmtjferiafrgs.lfg bttp0//www.tmxmtjferiafrgs.lfg
^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi 4>
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Tbjs eiw ilfefgjl systig sbmkk hi fpirmtid hy hmecs mt gjejgug fpirmtjeo lfst wjtb kjgjtid pmpir lurriely (>.4%) med digmtirjmkjsid gfeiy (::.1%) fa tbi tftmk gfeiy mvmjkmhki je tbi ilfefgy je tbi pmrtjlukmr lfuetry , tbirihy tftmkky ikjgjemtjeo hkmlc gfeiy, tmx ivmsjfe, amci lurriely, lfrruptjfe med ixtfrtjfes. Ximd aukk mrtjlki arfg-- arfg-- bttp0//www.fptjgmktmxmtjfe.eit bttp0//www.fptjgmktmxmtjfe.eit
^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi 4=
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Ximd aukk mrtjlki arfg0 arfg0 btpp0//www.tmxmtjferiafrg btpp0//www.tmxmtjferiafrgs.lfg s.lfg
^kimsi vjsjt
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^moi 48
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Gmrcits wjkk hi aukky fpie wjtbfut mey burdkis kjci guktjpki tmxis, pirgjts, kjliesis, wmy hjkks, mllfuetjeo, mudjtjeo, tmx ritures med tmx kmws. Trmdirs, gmeuamlturirs, trmespfrtirs, dimkirs, ritmjkirs, viedfrs, lfetrmltfrs, sirvjli prfvjdirs med mkk ftbirs wjkk eft eiid tf gmjetmje mllfuet hffcs, smkis kjsts, stflc kjsts, wmy hjkks itl. Ef mllfuetjeo med mudjtjeo afr mssissgiet mssissgi et purpfsi wjkk hi riqujrid afr jedjvjdumks wbf rue husjeiss fr jedustry. Je tbi prisiet systig m gm`fr pfrtjfe fa rivieuis js kfst je tbi trmesjt arfg ofviregiet tf pifpki je tbi afrg fa hrjhis, gjsmpprfprjmtjfe gjsmpprfprjmtjfe med buoi efe pkme ixpiedjturi.
^kimsi vjsjt
www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lfg www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lf g
^moi 4<
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Hmecjeo siltfr wjkk hilfgi vjrtumkky tbi jetirgidjmrjis hitwiie pifpki med tbi Ofviregiet afr mkk tmx lfkkiltjfes med ridjstrjhutjfe fa aueds/rivieuis arfg tbi Ofviregiet tf pifpki, wbf sbfukd hi tbi emturmk, ikjojhki med kiojtjgmti riljpjiets wbjki ikjgjemtjeo wbmkis, pmrmsjtis med kjgpits.
^kimsi vjsjt
www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lfg www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lf g
^moi 44
Mkk Ilfefgjl jkks “ fei pjkk jkks “ fei TF^ Tmx systig
Ximd aukk mrtjlki arfg3 --- bttp0//www.tmxmtjferiafrgs.lfg bttp0//www.tmxmtjferiafrgs.lfg bttp0//www.fptjgmktmxmtjfe.eit bttp0//www.fptjgmktmxmtjfe.eit QJ@MZM CXY\BEM QMXGM Mey emtjfe/lfuetry wbjlb wmets tf mdfpt med jgpkigiet tbjs eiw tmxmtjfe systig sbfukd lfetmlt tbi mutbfr afr tbi usmoi fa bjs jetikkiltumk prfpirty .
\pfesfrs mri sfkjljtid tf prfgfti tbjs eiw tmxmtjfe tm xmtjfe systig wfrkdwjdi tbrfuob hftb ikiltrfejl prjet med gidjm sf tbmt pifpki lme wbjlb cefw mhfut tbjs eiw tmxmtjfemed systig ikilt m ofviregiet, mllipts med jgpkigiets jt, afr tbi hittirgiet fa tbi qumkjty fa tbijr kjvis. Mey eiwspmpir fr `furemk wbjlb wmets tf puhkjsb tbjs mrtjlki lme lfetmlt tbi mutbfr afr tbi kmtist med rivjsid virsjfe fa tbjs mrtjlki mkfeo wjtb ixlkusjvi lfpy rjobt.
^fst yfur fpjejfe/lfggiets tf tbjs I- gmjk gmjk
vcvmrgm=:1<Nogmjk.lfg
^kimsi vjsjt
www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lfg www.vj`mymcrusbemvmrgm.lf g
^moi 49
