Overview of Foreign Exchange (5)
Content
OVERVIEW OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE PRESENTATION BY
Dr. NEELAM TANDON
3/18/2013
1
OVERVIEW OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN EXCHANGE IS THE SETTLEMENT AND ARRANGEMENT OF FUNDS AROUND THE WORLD, BY BUYING AND SELLING CURRENCIES. MORE THAN US$ 1.5 TRILLION IS EXCHANGED DAILY BY THOUSANDS OF BANKS AND FOREIGN CURRENCY TRADERS ALL OVER THE WORLD.
3/18/2013
2
OVERVIEW OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN EXCHANGE IS THE SETTLEMENT AND ARRANGEMENT OF FUNDS AROUND THE WORLD, BY BUYING AND SELLING CURRENCIES. MORE THAN US$ 1.5 TRILLION IS EXCHANGED DAILY BY THOUSANDS OF BANKS AND FOREIGN CURRENCY TRADERS ALL OVER THE WORLD.
3/18/2013
2
Role of International Banking Division
CALCULATION OF EXCHANGE RATES (CARD RATES) AND ITS CIRCULATION TO AUTHORIZED BRANCHES.
TO MAINTAIN POSITION AND TO UNDERTAKE COVER OPERATIONS.
TO MAINTAIN NOSTRO ACCOUNTS IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES WITH FOREIGN BANKS.
TO ISSUE GENERAL GUIDELINES TO AUTHORIZED BRANCHES AND BE A LINK BETWEEN RBI AND THESE BRANCHES.
MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN CURRENCY ASSETS AND 3/18/2013 LIABILITIES FOR THE BANK.
3
AUTHORIZED PERSONS
RBI AUTHORIZES FOLLOWING CATEGORIES TO DEAL IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE: AUTHORIZED
DEALERS MONEY CHANGERS OFFSHORE BANKING UNITS AUTHORIZATION CAN BE REVOKED IF RBI INSTRUCTIONS/ PROVISIONS OF FEMA ARE NOT FOLLOWED 3/18/2013
4
CORRESPONDENT RELATIONSHIP AGENCY ARRANGEMENTS WITH VARIOUS FOREIGN BANKS ON RECIPROCAL BASIS. NOSTRO
ACCOUNT : AN ACCOUNT MAINTAINED BY AN INDIAN BANK WITH A BANK ABROAD IN FOREIGN CURRENCY. VOSTRO ACCOUNT : AN ACCOUNT OPENED BY A FOREIGN BANK WITH AN INDIAN BANK IN RUPEES. LORO ACCOUNT : OBC IS HAVING AN ACCOUNT WITH CHASE. WHEN BOB REFERS TO THIS A/C WHILE CORRESPONDING WITH CHASE, IT WOULD 5 BE3/18/2013 REFERRED AS LORO A/C.”THEIR A/C WITH YOU”
FOREX TRANSACTIONS FOREIGN CURRENCY IS LIKE A COMMODITY THAT IS PURCHASED AND SOLD BY A BANK. • PURCHASES THE BANK ACQUIRES A FOREIGN CURRENCY AND PARTS WITH HOME CURRENCY. • SALES THE BANK PARTS WITH FOREIGN CURRENCY AND ACQUIRES HOME CURRENCY. 3/18/2013
6
FOREIGN EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT ACT,1999 (FEMA) • IS A LAW TO REPLACE FERA 1973 • AN OFFENCE IN FERA WAS A CRIMINAL OFFENCE LIABLE FOR IMPRISONMENT • FEMA SEEKS TO MAKE OFFENCES RELATING TO FOREIGN EXCHANGE CIVIL OFFENCES • UNDER FERA NOTHING WAS PERMITTED UNLESS SPECIFICALLY PERMITTED. TONE AND TENOR OF FERA VERY DRASTIC. • UNDER FEMA, A PERSON IS PRESUMED INNOCENT UNLESS PROVED GUILTY 3/18/2013
7
EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM BUYING / SELLING RATES WHEN A BANK BUYS FOREIGN EXCHANGE FROM THE CUSTOMER, IT SELLS THE SAME IN THE INTERBANK MARKET AT A BETTER RATE AND TRIES TO MAKE A PROFIT OUT OF THE TRANSACTION. IN THIS WAY, THE INTERBANK BUYING RATE FORMS THE BASIS FOR QUOTATION OF BUYING RATE BY THE BANK TO ITS CUSTOMER. LIKEWISE, WHEN THE BANK SELLS FOREIGN EXCHANGE TO THE CUSTOMER, IT PURCHASES THE REQUIRED FOREIGN EXCHANGE FROM THE INTERBANK MARKET. THEREFORE, THE INTERBANK SELLING RATE FORMS THE BASIS FOR 3/18/2013 8 QUOTATION OF SELLING RATE TO THE CUSTOMER.
….BUYING / SELLING RATES
•
TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER BUYING RATE
ANY
TRANSACTION WHERE NO DELAY INVOLVED IN ACQUIRING THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE WILL BE DONE AT TT BUYING RATE. FOR EXAMPLE: PAYMENT OF DEMAND DRAFTS; MAIL TRANSFERS; TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS WHERE BANK’S NOSTRO ACCOUNT IS ALREADY CREDITED. FOREIGN BILLS COLLECTED - THE BANK PAYS THE EXPORTER ONLY WHEN THE IMPORTER PAYS FOR THE BILL AND BANK’S NOSTRO ACCOUNT HAS BEEN CREDITED. IN TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING CANCELLATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE SOLD 3/18/2013 EARLIER, TT BUYING RATE WILL BE APPLICABLE.9
….BUYING / SELLING RATES
•
BILL BUYING RATE
WHEN A FOREIGN BILL IS PURCHASED, BILL BUYING RATE IS APPLIED. SINCE THE USUAL TRANSIT PERIOD AND USANCE PERIOD ARE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION WHILE CALCULATING THE BILL BUYING RATES, THESE ARE WORKED OUT ACCORDINGLY. THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE IN THESE TRANSACTIONS IS AVAILABLE AFTER A PERIOD . 3/18/2013
10
….BUYING / SELLING RATES
•
TT SELLING RATE
IN TRANSACTIONS, WHICH DO NOT INVOLVE HANDLING OF DOCUMENTS, TT SELLING RATE IS APPLICABLE. FOR EXAMPLE: • ISSUE OF DEMAND DRAFTS; MAIL TRANSFERS; AND TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS – OTHER THAN FOR RETIREMENT OF IMPORT BILL • CANCELLATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE PURCHASED EARLIER. WHEN AN EXPORT BILL PURCHASED EARLIER IS RETURNED UNPAID BEFORE ITS DUE 3/18/2013THE BANK WILL APPLY TT SELLING RATE.11 DATE,
….BUYING / SELLING RATES
•
BILLS SELLING RATE
THE BILLS SELLING RATE IS APPLICABLE ON ALL TRANSACTIONS, WHICH INVOLVE HANDLING OF DOCUMENTS BY THE BANK. FOR EXAMPLE, PAYMENT AGAINST IMPORT BILLS.
3/18/2013
12
CONVERTIBILITY OF RUPEE • CONVERTIBILITY OF A CURRENCY REFERS TO ITS CONVERSION TO ANY FOREIGN CURRENCY AS DESIRED BY THE HOLDER. THE CURRENCY CAN BE SAID TO BE FULLY CONVERTIBLE IF THE HOLDER CAN CONVERT IT INTO ANY OTHER CURRENCY AT RATES DETERMINED BY THE MARKET FORCES OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY WITHOUT ANY INTERFERENCE FROM THE GOVT. BASICALLY, IT COVERS TWO ASPECTS: • RATES SHOULD BE DETERMINED BY THE MARKET FORCES AND NOT BY THE REGULATOR. • THERE SHOULD NOT BE ANY RESTRICTION ON THE REPATRIATION OF THE CURRENCY. • RUPEE 3/18/2013IS NOW FULLY CONVERTIBLE ON CURRENT ACCOUNT 13
….CONVERTIBILITY OF RUPEE
CURRENT ACCOUNT: • FULL CONVERTIBILITY ON CURRENT ACCOUNT CAN BE PLACED IN 4 CATEGORIES: CATEGORY THAT INCLUDES • PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS WITH NEPAL AND BHUTAN, EARNINGS FROM LOTTERY/RACING. • SCHEDULE II TRANSACTIONS, REQUIRING GOVT. APPROVALS • TRANSACTIONS IN SCHEDULE III WHERE ADs CAN ALLOW REMITTANCE UP TO THE PRESCRIBED LIMITS. • ALL OTHER CURRENT ACCOUNT TRANSACTIONS THAT THE ADS CAN ALLOW REMITTANCE WITHOUT 3/18/2013 14
….CONVERTIBILITY OF RUPEE
CAPITAL ACCOUNT: • TRANSFER OF MONEY AND OTHER CAPITAL ITEMS (SUCH AS FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN INDIA, LOANS, COMMERCIAL BORROWINGS, SHORT TERM CREDITS ETC.,). FEW EXAMPLES ARE: · INVESTMENT IN FOREIGN SECURITIES · TRANSFER OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY OUTSIDE INDIA. · LOANS AND OVERDRAFTS TO A PERSON RESIDING OUTSIDE INDIA AND REMITTANCE OUTSIDE INDIA OF CAPITAL ASSETS OF AN INDIAN RESIDENT. · ISSUING GUARANTEES IN FAVOUR OF OR ON 3/18/2013 15 BEHALF OF INDIAN RESIDENTS.
FINANCING OF EXPORTS GENERALLY, TWO KINDS OF FACILITY TO EXPORTERS PRE-SHIPMENT
OR PACKING CREDIT TO PROCURE, PROCESS AND MANUFACTURE, PACK AND PREPARE GOODS FOR EXPORT. IN RUPEES POST-SHIPMENT FROM THE TIME GOODS ARE SHIPPED AND TILL EXPORT PROCEEDS ARE REALIZED 3/18/2013
16
FINANCING OF IMPORTS NEEDS OF IMPORTERS ARE MET THROUGH FOLLOWING METHODS:
OPENING LETTERS OF CREDIT ADVANCE REMITTANCE BILLS FOR COLLECTION IMPORT LOANS AND GUARANTEES IMPORT TRUST RECEIPTS 3/18/2013
17
FREE TRADE ZONE(FTZ)
• FTZ OR EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES ARE THOSE INDUSTRIAL ESTATES CORDONED OFF FROM DOMESTIC TARIFF AREAS. • TRADE BARRIERS APPLICABLE TO THE REST OF THE ECONOMY DO NOT APPLY. • WHERE EXPORT-ORIENTED UNITS CAN OPERATE FREE OF IMPORT DUTIES OR QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS. • UNITS ARE GIVEN OTHER ADVANTAGES INCLUDING TAX EXEMPTIONS. 3/18/2013
18
SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE (SEZ)
• PERMITTED EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWING FOR TENURE OF LESS THAN 3 YEARS. • UNITS IN SEZ WILL HAVE FULL INCOME TAX EXEMPTION ON EXPORT PROFITS FOR THE FIRST FIVE YEARS OF OPERATION AND 50% OF THE EXPORT PROFITS FOR THE NEXT 2 YEARS WOULD GET TAX EXEMPTION
3/18/2013
19
OFFSHORE BANKING UNITS • IT IS A PLACE WHERE INTERNATIONAL BANKING BUSINESS IS ATTRACTED BY OFFERING MANY CONCESSIONS INCLUDING RELAXATIONS FROM RESTRICTIONS ON OPERATIONS. • OBU IN SEZS. AS PER RBI POLICY, THE BRANCHES OF INDIAN BANKS LOCATED WITHIN SEZS WILL BE VIRTUALLY FOREIGN BRANCHES - OFFSHORE BANKING UNITS. • RBI GRANTS EXEMPTION FROM CRR REQUIREMENTS TO THE PARENT BANK WITH REFERENCE TO ITS OBU BRANCH. • OBUs WILL EXERCISE ANTI – MONEY LAUNDERING MEASURES. WILL BE REGULATED AND SUPERVISED 3/18/2013 20 BY RBI
FEDAI FEDAI WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1958. ALL AUTHORIZED DEALERS NUMBERING ABOUT 70 ARE ITS MEMBERS. THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF FEDAI ARE: TO
FRAME RULES FOR THE CONDUCT OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE BUSINESS IN INDIA. THE RULES COVER VARIOUS ASPECTS LIKE HOURS OF BUSINESS, CHARGES FOR FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS, INTER-BANK DEALINGS ETC. AUTHORIZED DEALERS HAVE GIVEN AN UNDERTAKING TO THE RBI TO ABIDE BY THE FEDAI GUIDELINES. 3/18/2013
21
FF E ED DA AI TO
COORDINATE WITH RBI IN ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE
PROPER
TO
CIRCULATE INFORMATION AMONGST ITS MEMBERS WHICH IS LIKELY TO BE OF INTEREST TO THEM.
FEDAI ACTS AS A MOUTHPIECE OF THE AUTHORIZED DEALERS AND REPRESENTS THEIR VIEWS TO THE RBI AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES. 3/18/2013
22
EE UU RR OO ON JAN 1, 2002, 12 NATIONS OUT OF 15 MEMBERS OF EUROPIAN UNION ADOPTED THE PHYSICAL FORM OF THE NEW CURRENCY - EURO. CRITERIA FOR BECOMING MEMBERS WAS: • • • •
INFLATION NOT EXCEEDING 1.5% INTEREST RATES NOT MORE THAN 2% GOVT. DEBT NOT TO EXCEED 60% OF GDP BUDGET DEFICIT NOT TO EXCEED 3% OF GDP INDIAN BANKING SYSTEM HAS RESPONDED POSITIVELY TO THE EMERGENCE OF EURO.
The euro is the currency of 13 European Union countries: Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia and Finland. 3/18/2013 23
ENCASHMENT OF TRAVELLERS CHEQUES •
INSTRUMENTS INTRODUCED NEARLY 100 YEARS AGO. • WIDELY USED AS A SUBSTITUTE TO CASH / CURRENCY. • BRANCH SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH SECURITY ASPECTS OF TCs. • NORMAL ENCASHMENT UPTO US$2,000. AMOUNTS BEYOND, SATISFACTION OF AD A MUST. • TT BUYING RATE APPLIED ON ENCASHMENTS. 3/18/2013
24
ENCASHMENT OF TRAVELLERS CHEQUES WATCH • CUSTOMER SHOULD COUNTERSIGN IN THE PRESENCE OF PASSING OFFICIAL. • SIGNATURE OF CUSTOMER / ISSUING BANK OFFICIALS SHOULD BE COMPARED. • VERIFY THE LIST OF LOST / STOLEN TCs. • TC SHOULD HAVE NOT BEEN ALTERED, ERASED OR TRACED OVER. • NO DISTRACTIONS WHILE HANDLING TCs. • NEVER 3/18/2013 ENCASH TCs IN A HURRY. 25
HANDLING OF CLEAN INSTRUMENTS FOREIGN CURRENCY INSTRUMENTS RECEIVED BY RESIDENTS AS EXPORT PROCEEDS, GIFTS AND DONATIONS CAN BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED AS: DRAFTS/PAY ORDERS PAYABLE IN FGN. CURRENCY o PAYABLE ABROAD o PAYABLE IN INDIA o o o o o
PERSONALCHEQUES DRAWN IN FGN.CURRENCY ENCASHMENT OF FGN. CURRENCY TRAVELLERS CHEQUES. ENCASHMENT OF FOREGIN CURRENCY. RUPEE DRAFTS DRAWN FROM BANKS/OFFICES ABROAD. RUPEE DRAFTS ISSUED BY EXCHANGE HOUSES ON BANKS IN INDIA
3/18/2013
26
HANDLING OF CLEAN INSTRUMENTS PRECAUTIONS TO BE ACCEPTED GENERALLY FROM CUSTOMERS OF THE BRANCH. TO BE LODGED WITH BRANCHES STATING THE CURRENCY, AMOUNT, PURPOSE, NAME AND ADDRESS OF REMITTER. RUPEE INSTRUMENTS SHOULD BE HANDLED LIKE INLAND COLLECTIONS. FOREIGN CURRENCY INSTRUMENTS WILL BE FORWARDED TO THE BANK CONCERNED. IF REMITTANCE OVER Rs. 1 LAC, THE PURPOSE OF REMITTANCE SHOULD BE ASCERTAINED.
3/18/2013
27
HANDLING OF CLEAN INSTRUMENTS … PRECAUTIONS:
WHERE REIMBURSEMENT ALREADY PROVIDED TO OUR NOSTRO A/C, NO INTEREST OR OTHER CHARGES TO BE RECOVERED. WHERE REIMBURSEMENT HAS TO BE CLAIMED AFTER PAYMENT, 10 DAYS’ INTEREST PLUS EXCHANGE TO BE LEVIED. INSTRUMENTS WHERE CREDITS ARE TO BE RECEIVED INTEREST AT MAXIMUM RATE FOR 15 DAYS PLUS EXCHANGE MARGIN TO BE CHARGED. NO INTEREST TO BE CHARGED FOR DELAYED REALISATION AFTER 15 DAYS. IN CASE OF RETURN OF CHEQUES INTEREST 28 TO3/18/2013 BE CHARGED UPTO THE DATE OF RECOVERY.
VARIOUS TERMS USED IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE • ARBITRAGE: An act of simultaneous buying and selling in two different markets, for taking advantage of the temporary differential that exists between two prices. • CALL OPTION: An option which gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy an amount of fgn. currency at a specific price on or before maturity date. • CURRENCY OPTION: Gives the buyer the right but not the obligation to sell, a specific amount of currency at a specified exchange 3/18/2013 29 rate, on or before a future date.
VARIOUS TERMS USED IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE • EUROPEAN OPTION:
That can be exercised only on the date of expiry and not before that. • PUT OPTION: That gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to sell amount of foreign currency at a specific price on or before a specific maturity date. • SWAP: Means simultaneous sale at spot and purchase forward of fgn. currency or the converse. 3/18/2013
30
VARIOUS TERMS USED IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE • SPOT: Exchange rate between one currency against another is quoted either “spot” or “forward”.Time limit for spot transactions may be same day, the following day or within two working days. • FORWARD CONTRACT: Currency will be delivered, and another received, at the same time in future. • HEDGING: The protection of a fgn. exchange exposure either by a forward contract or by borrowing in the local 3/18/2013 31 currency. Purpose is to retain the net position at zero.
Dr. NEELAM TANDON
3/18/2013
1
OVERVIEW OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN EXCHANGE IS THE SETTLEMENT AND ARRANGEMENT OF FUNDS AROUND THE WORLD, BY BUYING AND SELLING CURRENCIES. MORE THAN US$ 1.5 TRILLION IS EXCHANGED DAILY BY THOUSANDS OF BANKS AND FOREIGN CURRENCY TRADERS ALL OVER THE WORLD.
3/18/2013
2
OVERVIEW OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN EXCHANGE IS THE SETTLEMENT AND ARRANGEMENT OF FUNDS AROUND THE WORLD, BY BUYING AND SELLING CURRENCIES. MORE THAN US$ 1.5 TRILLION IS EXCHANGED DAILY BY THOUSANDS OF BANKS AND FOREIGN CURRENCY TRADERS ALL OVER THE WORLD.
3/18/2013
2
Role of International Banking Division
CALCULATION OF EXCHANGE RATES (CARD RATES) AND ITS CIRCULATION TO AUTHORIZED BRANCHES.
TO MAINTAIN POSITION AND TO UNDERTAKE COVER OPERATIONS.
TO MAINTAIN NOSTRO ACCOUNTS IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES WITH FOREIGN BANKS.
TO ISSUE GENERAL GUIDELINES TO AUTHORIZED BRANCHES AND BE A LINK BETWEEN RBI AND THESE BRANCHES.
MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN CURRENCY ASSETS AND 3/18/2013 LIABILITIES FOR THE BANK.
3
AUTHORIZED PERSONS
RBI AUTHORIZES FOLLOWING CATEGORIES TO DEAL IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE: AUTHORIZED
DEALERS MONEY CHANGERS OFFSHORE BANKING UNITS AUTHORIZATION CAN BE REVOKED IF RBI INSTRUCTIONS/ PROVISIONS OF FEMA ARE NOT FOLLOWED 3/18/2013
4
CORRESPONDENT RELATIONSHIP AGENCY ARRANGEMENTS WITH VARIOUS FOREIGN BANKS ON RECIPROCAL BASIS. NOSTRO
ACCOUNT : AN ACCOUNT MAINTAINED BY AN INDIAN BANK WITH A BANK ABROAD IN FOREIGN CURRENCY. VOSTRO ACCOUNT : AN ACCOUNT OPENED BY A FOREIGN BANK WITH AN INDIAN BANK IN RUPEES. LORO ACCOUNT : OBC IS HAVING AN ACCOUNT WITH CHASE. WHEN BOB REFERS TO THIS A/C WHILE CORRESPONDING WITH CHASE, IT WOULD 5 BE3/18/2013 REFERRED AS LORO A/C.”THEIR A/C WITH YOU”
FOREX TRANSACTIONS FOREIGN CURRENCY IS LIKE A COMMODITY THAT IS PURCHASED AND SOLD BY A BANK. • PURCHASES THE BANK ACQUIRES A FOREIGN CURRENCY AND PARTS WITH HOME CURRENCY. • SALES THE BANK PARTS WITH FOREIGN CURRENCY AND ACQUIRES HOME CURRENCY. 3/18/2013
6
FOREIGN EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT ACT,1999 (FEMA) • IS A LAW TO REPLACE FERA 1973 • AN OFFENCE IN FERA WAS A CRIMINAL OFFENCE LIABLE FOR IMPRISONMENT • FEMA SEEKS TO MAKE OFFENCES RELATING TO FOREIGN EXCHANGE CIVIL OFFENCES • UNDER FERA NOTHING WAS PERMITTED UNLESS SPECIFICALLY PERMITTED. TONE AND TENOR OF FERA VERY DRASTIC. • UNDER FEMA, A PERSON IS PRESUMED INNOCENT UNLESS PROVED GUILTY 3/18/2013
7
EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM BUYING / SELLING RATES WHEN A BANK BUYS FOREIGN EXCHANGE FROM THE CUSTOMER, IT SELLS THE SAME IN THE INTERBANK MARKET AT A BETTER RATE AND TRIES TO MAKE A PROFIT OUT OF THE TRANSACTION. IN THIS WAY, THE INTERBANK BUYING RATE FORMS THE BASIS FOR QUOTATION OF BUYING RATE BY THE BANK TO ITS CUSTOMER. LIKEWISE, WHEN THE BANK SELLS FOREIGN EXCHANGE TO THE CUSTOMER, IT PURCHASES THE REQUIRED FOREIGN EXCHANGE FROM THE INTERBANK MARKET. THEREFORE, THE INTERBANK SELLING RATE FORMS THE BASIS FOR 3/18/2013 8 QUOTATION OF SELLING RATE TO THE CUSTOMER.
….BUYING / SELLING RATES
•
TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER BUYING RATE
ANY
TRANSACTION WHERE NO DELAY INVOLVED IN ACQUIRING THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE WILL BE DONE AT TT BUYING RATE. FOR EXAMPLE: PAYMENT OF DEMAND DRAFTS; MAIL TRANSFERS; TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS WHERE BANK’S NOSTRO ACCOUNT IS ALREADY CREDITED. FOREIGN BILLS COLLECTED - THE BANK PAYS THE EXPORTER ONLY WHEN THE IMPORTER PAYS FOR THE BILL AND BANK’S NOSTRO ACCOUNT HAS BEEN CREDITED. IN TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING CANCELLATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE SOLD 3/18/2013 EARLIER, TT BUYING RATE WILL BE APPLICABLE.9
….BUYING / SELLING RATES
•
BILL BUYING RATE
WHEN A FOREIGN BILL IS PURCHASED, BILL BUYING RATE IS APPLIED. SINCE THE USUAL TRANSIT PERIOD AND USANCE PERIOD ARE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION WHILE CALCULATING THE BILL BUYING RATES, THESE ARE WORKED OUT ACCORDINGLY. THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE IN THESE TRANSACTIONS IS AVAILABLE AFTER A PERIOD . 3/18/2013
10
….BUYING / SELLING RATES
•
TT SELLING RATE
IN TRANSACTIONS, WHICH DO NOT INVOLVE HANDLING OF DOCUMENTS, TT SELLING RATE IS APPLICABLE. FOR EXAMPLE: • ISSUE OF DEMAND DRAFTS; MAIL TRANSFERS; AND TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS – OTHER THAN FOR RETIREMENT OF IMPORT BILL • CANCELLATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE PURCHASED EARLIER. WHEN AN EXPORT BILL PURCHASED EARLIER IS RETURNED UNPAID BEFORE ITS DUE 3/18/2013THE BANK WILL APPLY TT SELLING RATE.11 DATE,
….BUYING / SELLING RATES
•
BILLS SELLING RATE
THE BILLS SELLING RATE IS APPLICABLE ON ALL TRANSACTIONS, WHICH INVOLVE HANDLING OF DOCUMENTS BY THE BANK. FOR EXAMPLE, PAYMENT AGAINST IMPORT BILLS.
3/18/2013
12
CONVERTIBILITY OF RUPEE • CONVERTIBILITY OF A CURRENCY REFERS TO ITS CONVERSION TO ANY FOREIGN CURRENCY AS DESIRED BY THE HOLDER. THE CURRENCY CAN BE SAID TO BE FULLY CONVERTIBLE IF THE HOLDER CAN CONVERT IT INTO ANY OTHER CURRENCY AT RATES DETERMINED BY THE MARKET FORCES OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY WITHOUT ANY INTERFERENCE FROM THE GOVT. BASICALLY, IT COVERS TWO ASPECTS: • RATES SHOULD BE DETERMINED BY THE MARKET FORCES AND NOT BY THE REGULATOR. • THERE SHOULD NOT BE ANY RESTRICTION ON THE REPATRIATION OF THE CURRENCY. • RUPEE 3/18/2013IS NOW FULLY CONVERTIBLE ON CURRENT ACCOUNT 13
….CONVERTIBILITY OF RUPEE
CURRENT ACCOUNT: • FULL CONVERTIBILITY ON CURRENT ACCOUNT CAN BE PLACED IN 4 CATEGORIES: CATEGORY THAT INCLUDES • PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS WITH NEPAL AND BHUTAN, EARNINGS FROM LOTTERY/RACING. • SCHEDULE II TRANSACTIONS, REQUIRING GOVT. APPROVALS • TRANSACTIONS IN SCHEDULE III WHERE ADs CAN ALLOW REMITTANCE UP TO THE PRESCRIBED LIMITS. • ALL OTHER CURRENT ACCOUNT TRANSACTIONS THAT THE ADS CAN ALLOW REMITTANCE WITHOUT 3/18/2013 14
….CONVERTIBILITY OF RUPEE
CAPITAL ACCOUNT: • TRANSFER OF MONEY AND OTHER CAPITAL ITEMS (SUCH AS FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN INDIA, LOANS, COMMERCIAL BORROWINGS, SHORT TERM CREDITS ETC.,). FEW EXAMPLES ARE: · INVESTMENT IN FOREIGN SECURITIES · TRANSFER OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY OUTSIDE INDIA. · LOANS AND OVERDRAFTS TO A PERSON RESIDING OUTSIDE INDIA AND REMITTANCE OUTSIDE INDIA OF CAPITAL ASSETS OF AN INDIAN RESIDENT. · ISSUING GUARANTEES IN FAVOUR OF OR ON 3/18/2013 15 BEHALF OF INDIAN RESIDENTS.
FINANCING OF EXPORTS GENERALLY, TWO KINDS OF FACILITY TO EXPORTERS PRE-SHIPMENT
OR PACKING CREDIT TO PROCURE, PROCESS AND MANUFACTURE, PACK AND PREPARE GOODS FOR EXPORT. IN RUPEES POST-SHIPMENT FROM THE TIME GOODS ARE SHIPPED AND TILL EXPORT PROCEEDS ARE REALIZED 3/18/2013
16
FINANCING OF IMPORTS NEEDS OF IMPORTERS ARE MET THROUGH FOLLOWING METHODS:
OPENING LETTERS OF CREDIT ADVANCE REMITTANCE BILLS FOR COLLECTION IMPORT LOANS AND GUARANTEES IMPORT TRUST RECEIPTS 3/18/2013
17
FREE TRADE ZONE(FTZ)
• FTZ OR EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES ARE THOSE INDUSTRIAL ESTATES CORDONED OFF FROM DOMESTIC TARIFF AREAS. • TRADE BARRIERS APPLICABLE TO THE REST OF THE ECONOMY DO NOT APPLY. • WHERE EXPORT-ORIENTED UNITS CAN OPERATE FREE OF IMPORT DUTIES OR QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS. • UNITS ARE GIVEN OTHER ADVANTAGES INCLUDING TAX EXEMPTIONS. 3/18/2013
18
SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE (SEZ)
• PERMITTED EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWING FOR TENURE OF LESS THAN 3 YEARS. • UNITS IN SEZ WILL HAVE FULL INCOME TAX EXEMPTION ON EXPORT PROFITS FOR THE FIRST FIVE YEARS OF OPERATION AND 50% OF THE EXPORT PROFITS FOR THE NEXT 2 YEARS WOULD GET TAX EXEMPTION
3/18/2013
19
OFFSHORE BANKING UNITS • IT IS A PLACE WHERE INTERNATIONAL BANKING BUSINESS IS ATTRACTED BY OFFERING MANY CONCESSIONS INCLUDING RELAXATIONS FROM RESTRICTIONS ON OPERATIONS. • OBU IN SEZS. AS PER RBI POLICY, THE BRANCHES OF INDIAN BANKS LOCATED WITHIN SEZS WILL BE VIRTUALLY FOREIGN BRANCHES - OFFSHORE BANKING UNITS. • RBI GRANTS EXEMPTION FROM CRR REQUIREMENTS TO THE PARENT BANK WITH REFERENCE TO ITS OBU BRANCH. • OBUs WILL EXERCISE ANTI – MONEY LAUNDERING MEASURES. WILL BE REGULATED AND SUPERVISED 3/18/2013 20 BY RBI
FEDAI FEDAI WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1958. ALL AUTHORIZED DEALERS NUMBERING ABOUT 70 ARE ITS MEMBERS. THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF FEDAI ARE: TO
FRAME RULES FOR THE CONDUCT OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE BUSINESS IN INDIA. THE RULES COVER VARIOUS ASPECTS LIKE HOURS OF BUSINESS, CHARGES FOR FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS, INTER-BANK DEALINGS ETC. AUTHORIZED DEALERS HAVE GIVEN AN UNDERTAKING TO THE RBI TO ABIDE BY THE FEDAI GUIDELINES. 3/18/2013
21
FF E ED DA AI TO
COORDINATE WITH RBI IN ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE
PROPER
TO
CIRCULATE INFORMATION AMONGST ITS MEMBERS WHICH IS LIKELY TO BE OF INTEREST TO THEM.
FEDAI ACTS AS A MOUTHPIECE OF THE AUTHORIZED DEALERS AND REPRESENTS THEIR VIEWS TO THE RBI AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES. 3/18/2013
22
EE UU RR OO ON JAN 1, 2002, 12 NATIONS OUT OF 15 MEMBERS OF EUROPIAN UNION ADOPTED THE PHYSICAL FORM OF THE NEW CURRENCY - EURO. CRITERIA FOR BECOMING MEMBERS WAS: • • • •
INFLATION NOT EXCEEDING 1.5% INTEREST RATES NOT MORE THAN 2% GOVT. DEBT NOT TO EXCEED 60% OF GDP BUDGET DEFICIT NOT TO EXCEED 3% OF GDP INDIAN BANKING SYSTEM HAS RESPONDED POSITIVELY TO THE EMERGENCE OF EURO.
The euro is the currency of 13 European Union countries: Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia and Finland. 3/18/2013 23
ENCASHMENT OF TRAVELLERS CHEQUES •
INSTRUMENTS INTRODUCED NEARLY 100 YEARS AGO. • WIDELY USED AS A SUBSTITUTE TO CASH / CURRENCY. • BRANCH SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH SECURITY ASPECTS OF TCs. • NORMAL ENCASHMENT UPTO US$2,000. AMOUNTS BEYOND, SATISFACTION OF AD A MUST. • TT BUYING RATE APPLIED ON ENCASHMENTS. 3/18/2013
24
ENCASHMENT OF TRAVELLERS CHEQUES WATCH • CUSTOMER SHOULD COUNTERSIGN IN THE PRESENCE OF PASSING OFFICIAL. • SIGNATURE OF CUSTOMER / ISSUING BANK OFFICIALS SHOULD BE COMPARED. • VERIFY THE LIST OF LOST / STOLEN TCs. • TC SHOULD HAVE NOT BEEN ALTERED, ERASED OR TRACED OVER. • NO DISTRACTIONS WHILE HANDLING TCs. • NEVER 3/18/2013 ENCASH TCs IN A HURRY. 25
HANDLING OF CLEAN INSTRUMENTS FOREIGN CURRENCY INSTRUMENTS RECEIVED BY RESIDENTS AS EXPORT PROCEEDS, GIFTS AND DONATIONS CAN BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED AS: DRAFTS/PAY ORDERS PAYABLE IN FGN. CURRENCY o PAYABLE ABROAD o PAYABLE IN INDIA o o o o o
PERSONALCHEQUES DRAWN IN FGN.CURRENCY ENCASHMENT OF FGN. CURRENCY TRAVELLERS CHEQUES. ENCASHMENT OF FOREGIN CURRENCY. RUPEE DRAFTS DRAWN FROM BANKS/OFFICES ABROAD. RUPEE DRAFTS ISSUED BY EXCHANGE HOUSES ON BANKS IN INDIA
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HANDLING OF CLEAN INSTRUMENTS PRECAUTIONS TO BE ACCEPTED GENERALLY FROM CUSTOMERS OF THE BRANCH. TO BE LODGED WITH BRANCHES STATING THE CURRENCY, AMOUNT, PURPOSE, NAME AND ADDRESS OF REMITTER. RUPEE INSTRUMENTS SHOULD BE HANDLED LIKE INLAND COLLECTIONS. FOREIGN CURRENCY INSTRUMENTS WILL BE FORWARDED TO THE BANK CONCERNED. IF REMITTANCE OVER Rs. 1 LAC, THE PURPOSE OF REMITTANCE SHOULD BE ASCERTAINED.
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HANDLING OF CLEAN INSTRUMENTS … PRECAUTIONS:
WHERE REIMBURSEMENT ALREADY PROVIDED TO OUR NOSTRO A/C, NO INTEREST OR OTHER CHARGES TO BE RECOVERED. WHERE REIMBURSEMENT HAS TO BE CLAIMED AFTER PAYMENT, 10 DAYS’ INTEREST PLUS EXCHANGE TO BE LEVIED. INSTRUMENTS WHERE CREDITS ARE TO BE RECEIVED INTEREST AT MAXIMUM RATE FOR 15 DAYS PLUS EXCHANGE MARGIN TO BE CHARGED. NO INTEREST TO BE CHARGED FOR DELAYED REALISATION AFTER 15 DAYS. IN CASE OF RETURN OF CHEQUES INTEREST 28 TO3/18/2013 BE CHARGED UPTO THE DATE OF RECOVERY.
VARIOUS TERMS USED IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE • ARBITRAGE: An act of simultaneous buying and selling in two different markets, for taking advantage of the temporary differential that exists between two prices. • CALL OPTION: An option which gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy an amount of fgn. currency at a specific price on or before maturity date. • CURRENCY OPTION: Gives the buyer the right but not the obligation to sell, a specific amount of currency at a specified exchange 3/18/2013 29 rate, on or before a future date.
VARIOUS TERMS USED IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE • EUROPEAN OPTION:
That can be exercised only on the date of expiry and not before that. • PUT OPTION: That gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to sell amount of foreign currency at a specific price on or before a specific maturity date. • SWAP: Means simultaneous sale at spot and purchase forward of fgn. currency or the converse. 3/18/2013
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VARIOUS TERMS USED IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE • SPOT: Exchange rate between one currency against another is quoted either “spot” or “forward”.Time limit for spot transactions may be same day, the following day or within two working days. • FORWARD CONTRACT: Currency will be delivered, and another received, at the same time in future. • HEDGING: The protection of a fgn. exchange exposure either by a forward contract or by borrowing in the local 3/18/2013 31 currency. Purpose is to retain the net position at zero.
